Background:Although some well-established oncogenes are involved in cancer initiation and progression such as prostate cancer(PCa),the long tail of cancer genes remains to be defined.Goosecoid(GSC)has been implicated ...Background:Although some well-established oncogenes are involved in cancer initiation and progression such as prostate cancer(PCa),the long tail of cancer genes remains to be defined.Goosecoid(GSC)has been implicated in cancer development.However,the comprehensive biological role of GSC in pan-cancer,specifically in PCa,remains unexplored.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSC in PCa development.Methods:We performed a systematic bioinformatics exploration of GSC using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas,Genotype-Tissue Expression,Gene Expression Omnibus,German Cancer Research Center,and our in-house cohorts.First,we evaluated the expression of GSC and its association with patient prognosis,and identified GSC-relevant genetic alterations in cancers.Further,we focused on the clinical characterization and prognostic analysis of GSC in PCa.To understand the transcriptional regulation of GSC by E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1),we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Functional experiments were conducted to validate the effect of GSC on the tumor cellular phenotype and sensitivity to trametinib.Results:GSC expression was elevated in various tumors and significantly correlated with patient prognosis.The alterations of GSC contribute to the progression of various tumors especially in PCa.Patients with PCa and high GSC expression exhibited worse progression-free survival and biochemical recurrence outcomes.Further,GSC upregulation in patients with PCa was mostly accompanied with higher Gleason score,advanced tumor stage,lymph node metastasis,and elevated prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels.Mechanistically,the transcription factor,E2F1,stimulates GSC by binding to its promoter region.Detailed experiments further demonstrated that GSC acted as an oncogene and influenced the response of PCa cells to trametinib treatment.Conclusions:GSC was highly overexpressed and strongly correlated with patient prognosis in PCa.We found that GSC,regulated by E2F1,acted as an oncogene and impeded the therapeutic efficacy of trametinib in PCa.展开更多
目的:观察雌激素(E2)诱导的大鼠慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(chronic nonbacterial prostatitis,CNP)中信号转导子及转录激活子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT-1)的激活和调节活化正常T细胞表达及分泌因子(regula...目的:观察雌激素(E2)诱导的大鼠慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(chronic nonbacterial prostatitis,CNP)中信号转导子及转录激活子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT-1)的激活和调节活化正常T细胞表达及分泌因子(regulated on activation,normal T-cell expressed and secreted,RANTES)的表达,探讨雌激素诱导炎症形成的机制。方法:将80只老年雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、去势组、去势+E2组和去势+E2+AG490组,每组20只。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠前列腺组织病理改变。Western blotting法测定STAT-1及p-STAT-1蛋白水平。RT-PCR和免疫组化SP法分别检测RANTES mRNA和蛋白表达水平,并分析p-STAT-1与RANTES表达水平的相关性。结果:去势+E2组前列腺组织呈明显炎症表现。去势+E2组中STAT-1及p-STAT-1蛋白表达明显高于对照组及去势组(P<0.01),RANTES mRNA和蛋白表达也显著增高(P<0.01)。去势+E2+AG490组中STAT-1及p-STAT-1蛋白、RANTES mRNA和蛋白表达水平较去势+E2组明显降低(P<0.01)。大鼠前列腺组织中p-STAT-1表达水平与RANTES mRNA转录水平呈正相关(r=0.735,P<0.05),RANTES表达水平与RANTESmRNA转录水平亦呈正相关(r=0.694,P<0.05)。结论:雌激素诱导CNP的形成可能与调节转录因子STAT-1、促进RANTES分子的表达及炎症反应有关。展开更多
It has been reported that one of the factors that promotes tumoral progression is the abnormal activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. This process is associated with tumoral cells acquiring invas...It has been reported that one of the factors that promotes tumoral progression is the abnormal activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. This process is associated with tumoral cells acquiring invasive and malignant properties and has the transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 （ZEB1） as one of its main activators. However, the role of ZEB1 in promoting malignancy in prostate cancer （PC, a） is still unclear. Here, we report that ZEB1 expression correlates with Gleason score in PCa samples and that expression of ZEB1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and malignant characteristics in PCa cell lines. The results showed that ZEB1 expression is higher in samples of higher malignancy and that overexpression of ZEB1 was able to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulating the mesenchymal marker Vimentin and downregulating the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. On the contrary, ZEB 1 silencing repressed Vimentin expression and upregulated E-Cadherin. ZEB1 expression conferred enhanced motility and invasiveness and a higher colony formation capacity to 22Rvl cells whereas DU145 cells with ZEB1 silencing showed a decrease in those same properties. The results showed that ZEB1 could be a key promoter of tumoral progression toward advanced stages of PC, a.展开更多
Breast and prostate cancer are the leading causes of death in females and males, respectively. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal gro...Breast and prostate cancer are the leading causes of death in females and males, respectively. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, resulting in limited treatment options. Androgen deprivation therapy is the standard care for prostate cancer patients;however, metastasis and recurrence are seen in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Both prostate and breast cancer show higher resistance after recurrence and metastasis, which increases the difficulty of treatment. Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role during innate immunity and tumor recognition and elimination. NK cell function is determined by a delicate balance of inhibitory signals and activation signals received through cell surface receptors. Lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1, CLEC2D, OCIL) is a ligand of NK cell inhibitory receptor NKRP1A (CD161). Several studies have that reported higher expression of LLT1 is associated with the development of various tumors. Our studies revealed that TNBC and prostate cancer cells express higher levels of LLT1. In the presence of a monoclonal antibody against LLT1, NK cell-mediated killing of TNBC and prostate cancer cells were greatly enhanced. This review highlights the potential that using monoclonal antibodies to block LLT1 - NKRP1A interactions could be an effective immunotherapeutic approach to treat triple negative breast cancer and prostate cancer.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82173068,81974400)the Applied Basic Research Plan from Qinghai Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2021-ZJ-723).
文摘Background:Although some well-established oncogenes are involved in cancer initiation and progression such as prostate cancer(PCa),the long tail of cancer genes remains to be defined.Goosecoid(GSC)has been implicated in cancer development.However,the comprehensive biological role of GSC in pan-cancer,specifically in PCa,remains unexplored.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GSC in PCa development.Methods:We performed a systematic bioinformatics exploration of GSC using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas,Genotype-Tissue Expression,Gene Expression Omnibus,German Cancer Research Center,and our in-house cohorts.First,we evaluated the expression of GSC and its association with patient prognosis,and identified GSC-relevant genetic alterations in cancers.Further,we focused on the clinical characterization and prognostic analysis of GSC in PCa.To understand the transcriptional regulation of GSC by E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1),we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Functional experiments were conducted to validate the effect of GSC on the tumor cellular phenotype and sensitivity to trametinib.Results:GSC expression was elevated in various tumors and significantly correlated with patient prognosis.The alterations of GSC contribute to the progression of various tumors especially in PCa.Patients with PCa and high GSC expression exhibited worse progression-free survival and biochemical recurrence outcomes.Further,GSC upregulation in patients with PCa was mostly accompanied with higher Gleason score,advanced tumor stage,lymph node metastasis,and elevated prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels.Mechanistically,the transcription factor,E2F1,stimulates GSC by binding to its promoter region.Detailed experiments further demonstrated that GSC acted as an oncogene and influenced the response of PCa cells to trametinib treatment.Conclusions:GSC was highly overexpressed and strongly correlated with patient prognosis in PCa.We found that GSC,regulated by E2F1,acted as an oncogene and impeded the therapeutic efficacy of trametinib in PCa.
文摘目的:观察雌激素(E2)诱导的大鼠慢性非细菌性前列腺炎(chronic nonbacterial prostatitis,CNP)中信号转导子及转录激活子1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1,STAT-1)的激活和调节活化正常T细胞表达及分泌因子(regulated on activation,normal T-cell expressed and secreted,RANTES)的表达,探讨雌激素诱导炎症形成的机制。方法:将80只老年雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、去势组、去势+E2组和去势+E2+AG490组,每组20只。苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠前列腺组织病理改变。Western blotting法测定STAT-1及p-STAT-1蛋白水平。RT-PCR和免疫组化SP法分别检测RANTES mRNA和蛋白表达水平,并分析p-STAT-1与RANTES表达水平的相关性。结果:去势+E2组前列腺组织呈明显炎症表现。去势+E2组中STAT-1及p-STAT-1蛋白表达明显高于对照组及去势组(P<0.01),RANTES mRNA和蛋白表达也显著增高(P<0.01)。去势+E2+AG490组中STAT-1及p-STAT-1蛋白、RANTES mRNA和蛋白表达水平较去势+E2组明显降低(P<0.01)。大鼠前列腺组织中p-STAT-1表达水平与RANTES mRNA转录水平呈正相关(r=0.735,P<0.05),RANTES表达水平与RANTESmRNA转录水平亦呈正相关(r=0.694,P<0.05)。结论:雌激素诱导CNP的形成可能与调节转录因子STAT-1、促进RANTES分子的表达及炎症反应有关。
文摘It has been reported that one of the factors that promotes tumoral progression is the abnormal activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. This process is associated with tumoral cells acquiring invasive and malignant properties and has the transcription factor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 （ZEB1） as one of its main activators. However, the role of ZEB1 in promoting malignancy in prostate cancer （PC, a） is still unclear. Here, we report that ZEB1 expression correlates with Gleason score in PCa samples and that expression of ZEB1 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and malignant characteristics in PCa cell lines. The results showed that ZEB1 expression is higher in samples of higher malignancy and that overexpression of ZEB1 was able to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition by upregulating the mesenchymal marker Vimentin and downregulating the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. On the contrary, ZEB 1 silencing repressed Vimentin expression and upregulated E-Cadherin. ZEB1 expression conferred enhanced motility and invasiveness and a higher colony formation capacity to 22Rvl cells whereas DU145 cells with ZEB1 silencing showed a decrease in those same properties. The results showed that ZEB1 could be a key promoter of tumoral progression toward advanced stages of PC, a.
文摘Breast and prostate cancer are the leading causes of death in females and males, respectively. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, resulting in limited treatment options. Androgen deprivation therapy is the standard care for prostate cancer patients;however, metastasis and recurrence are seen in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Both prostate and breast cancer show higher resistance after recurrence and metastasis, which increases the difficulty of treatment. Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role during innate immunity and tumor recognition and elimination. NK cell function is determined by a delicate balance of inhibitory signals and activation signals received through cell surface receptors. Lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1, CLEC2D, OCIL) is a ligand of NK cell inhibitory receptor NKRP1A (CD161). Several studies have that reported higher expression of LLT1 is associated with the development of various tumors. Our studies revealed that TNBC and prostate cancer cells express higher levels of LLT1. In the presence of a monoclonal antibody against LLT1, NK cell-mediated killing of TNBC and prostate cancer cells were greatly enhanced. This review highlights the potential that using monoclonal antibodies to block LLT1 - NKRP1A interactions could be an effective immunotherapeutic approach to treat triple negative breast cancer and prostate cancer.
