Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Mean...Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.展开更多
The cumulative prospect theory(CPT) is applied to study travelers' route choice behavior in a degradable transport network. A cumulative prospect theory-based user equilibrium(CPT-UE) model considering stochastic ...The cumulative prospect theory(CPT) is applied to study travelers' route choice behavior in a degradable transport network. A cumulative prospect theory-based user equilibrium(CPT-UE) model considering stochastic perception error(SPE) within travelers' route choice decision process is developed. The SPE is conditionally dependent on the actual travel time distribution, which is different from the deterministic perception error used in the traditional logit-based stochastic user equilibrium. The CPT-UE model is formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved by a heuristic solution algorithm. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model and efficiency of the solution algorithm. The effects of SPE on the reference point determination, cumulative prospect value estimation, route choice decision and network performance evaluation are investigated.展开更多
This paper summarizes the theory of the chemical and physical properties of Si, soil classification for Si soil test and Si fertilizer types, effect of Si fertilizer on plant and soil etc., and proves that Si fertiliz...This paper summarizes the theory of the chemical and physical properties of Si, soil classification for Si soil test and Si fertilizer types, effect of Si fertilizer on plant and soil etc., and proves that Si fertilizer can increase the P nutrition, yield and quality, resistance to any biotic and abiotic stress ability, reduce the toxici- ty of heavy metals of plants and improve the water fertilizer retention of soil by practice; also points out that the best source for Si fertilizers is natural rich Si ma- terials. At last, it gives the prospection about the application of Si fertilizer in the sustainable and organic agriculture.展开更多
The assumption widely used in the user equilibrium model for stochastic network was that the probability distributions of the travel time were known explicitly by travelers. However, this distribution may be unavailab...The assumption widely used in the user equilibrium model for stochastic network was that the probability distributions of the travel time were known explicitly by travelers. However, this distribution may be unavailable in reality. By relaxing the restrictive assumption, a robust user equilibrium model based on cumulative prospect theory under distribution-free travel time was presented. In the absence of the cumulative distribution function of the travel time, the exact cumulative prospect value(CPV) for each route cannot be obtained. However, the upper and lower bounds on the CPV can be calculated by probability inequalities.Travelers were assumed to choose the routes with the best worst-case CPVs. The proposed model was formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved via a heuristic solution algorithm. A numerical example was also provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model and the efficiency of the solution algorithm.展开更多
The traffic equilibrium assignment problem under tradable credit scheme(TCS) in a bi-modal stochastic transportation network is investigated in this paper. To describe traveler’s risk-taking behaviors under uncertain...The traffic equilibrium assignment problem under tradable credit scheme(TCS) in a bi-modal stochastic transportation network is investigated in this paper. To describe traveler’s risk-taking behaviors under uncertainty, the cumulative prospect theory(CPT) is adopted. Travelers are assumed to choose the paths with the minimum perceived generalized path costs, consisting of time prospect value(PV) and monetary cost. At equilibrium with a given TCS, the endogenous reference points and credit price remain constant, and are consistent with the equilibrium flow pattern and the corresponding travel time distributions of road sub-network. To describe such an equilibrium state, the CPT-based stochastic user equilibrium(SUE) conditions can be formulated under TCS. An equivalent variational inequality(VI) model embedding a parameterized fixed point(FP) model is then established, with its properties analyzed theoretically. A heuristic solution algorithm is developed to solve the model, which contains two-layer iterations. The outer iteration is a bisection-based contraction method to find the equilibrium credit price, and the inner iteration is essentially the method of successive averages(MSA) to determine the corresponding CPT-based SUE network flow pattern. Numerical experiments are provided to validate the model and algorithm.展开更多
1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.
Based on the prospect theory, a novel linguisticdecision method under risk is proposed. First, the alternativesunder each risk state are rated using linguistic terms, and＇ thelinguistic decision matrix is constructed...Based on the prospect theory, a novel linguisticdecision method under risk is proposed. First, the alternativesunder each risk state are rated using linguistic terms, and＇ thelinguistic decision matrix is constructed. Secondly, thelinguistic terms are transformed into triangular fuzzy numbers,so that the linguistic evaluations can be changed into numericalforms. Thirdly, with the aid of the prospect theory, theprobability weight functions and the linguistic value functionscan be computed, based on which the prospective values of thealternatives are obtained. Finally, the alternatives are rankedwith respect to the prospective values combined of probabilityweight and linguistic value functions. Thus, the optimalchoice is made. The decision process takes the psychologicalpreferences of the decision maker into consideration. Thepracticality of the proposed method is illustrated through anapplication on stock selection problems.展开更多
The environmental impact of maritime transport has now become a relevant issue in sustainable policy formulation and has attracted increasing interest from academia.For the sustainable development of maritime transpor...The environmental impact of maritime transport has now become a relevant issue in sustainable policy formulation and has attracted increasing interest from academia.For the sustainable development of maritime transport,International Maritime Organization stipulates that the sulfur content of ship emissions will reach 0.5 from 2020.With the approaching of the stipulated implementation date,shipowners need to adopt scientific methods to make decision on low sulfur fuel.In this study,we applied a prospect theory based hesitant fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model to obtain the optimal decision of low Sulphur marine fuel.For this purpose,the hesitant fuzzy decision matrix is established to collect expert opinions,the maximizing deviation method is adopted to determine criteria weights.According to calculate the Euclidean distance from the reference points,we obtain the comprehensive prospect values of alternatives.Lastly,a case study is carried out to illustrate the significance and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.The innovation of this study is that it is the first-time adopting prospect theory and hesitate fuzzy sets to multi-criteria decision making for low Sulphur marine fuel,which provides an effective decision model for shipping companies under Low Sulphur regulations,and can also be extended to other industries.展开更多
We applied periodic density-functional theory to investigate the adsorption of HCN on x Ni@Pt（111） bimetallic surfaces（x = 1~4）. The results have been compared with those obtained on pure Ni（111） and Pt（111） s...We applied periodic density-functional theory to investigate the adsorption of HCN on x Ni@Pt（111） bimetallic surfaces（x = 1~4）. The results have been compared with those obtained on pure Ni（111） and Pt（111） surfaces. For all bimetallic surfaces,HCN is preferentially tilted with the CN bond parallel to the surface,and adsorption energies increase with an increasing number of layer Ni atoms on the surface. The adsorption energies of HCN on all bimetallic surfaces are larger than that on the Pt（111） surface,whereas the adsorption energies of HCN on 3Ni@Pt（111） and 4Ni@Pt（111） are larger than that on the Ni（111） surface,indicating that the introduction of Ni to the Pt catalyst could increase the activity of bimetallic catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction for nitriles. Larger adsorption energy of HCN leads to a longer C–N bond length and a smaller CN vibrational frequency. The analysis of Bader charge and vibrational frequencies showed obvious weakening of the adsorbed C–N bond and an indication of sp2 hybridization of both carbon and nitrogen atoms.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the evaluation problems associated with the risk control scheme for major engineering projects,the evaluation method of the risk control scheme considering the irrational behavior of evaluatio...Based on the analysis of the evaluation problems associated with the risk control scheme for major engineering projects,the evaluation method of the risk control scheme considering the irrational behavior of evaluation members in fuzzy random environment is proposed.Firstly,a maximum entropy model corresponding to any evaluation member is es-tablished by using triangular fuzzy random variables and grey correlation coefficient in order to obtain the weight of each risk factor of the member.Secondly,a nonlinear programming model is established according to the principle of minimiz-ing deviation to estimate the weight of different evaluation members on the evaluation of alternative risk control schemes.Lastly,the cumulative entropy model is used to calculate the weight of risk control schemes.Cumulative prospect theory obtains the comprehensive prospect utility value of each alternative to determine the optimal alternative.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effect of health care reform policy in China comprehensively and provide suggestions for its further implementation.Methods Data on the effect of health care reform were obtained from“China ...Objective To evaluate the effect of health care reform policy in China comprehensively and provide suggestions for its further implementation.Methods Data on the effect of health care reform were obtained from“China Health Statistics Yearbook”and National Bureau of Statistics of China and the indicators were selected by corrected item total correlation(CITC)and Cronbach’sαreliability coefficient.Then,the selected indicators were calculated through the prospect theory model.Meanwhile,the gray relation analysis method was introduced to enlarge the differences between the advantages and disadvantages to make the comprehensive evaluation result more obvious.Results and Conclusion The implementation of China’s health care reform has a significant impact on China’s medical and health system.However,the effect of the policy will become less with the increase of the total amount.An effective management can ensure that the policy continues to play its role.展开更多
文摘Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.
基金Project(2012CB725400)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(71271023,71322102)supported by the National Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015JBM053)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The cumulative prospect theory(CPT) is applied to study travelers' route choice behavior in a degradable transport network. A cumulative prospect theory-based user equilibrium(CPT-UE) model considering stochastic perception error(SPE) within travelers' route choice decision process is developed. The SPE is conditionally dependent on the actual travel time distribution, which is different from the deterministic perception error used in the traditional logit-based stochastic user equilibrium. The CPT-UE model is formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved by a heuristic solution algorithm. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model and efficiency of the solution algorithm. The effects of SPE on the reference point determination, cumulative prospect value estimation, route choice decision and network performance evaluation are investigated.
基金Supported by Major Program of China Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2011wk3019)~~
文摘This paper summarizes the theory of the chemical and physical properties of Si, soil classification for Si soil test and Si fertilizer types, effect of Si fertilizer on plant and soil etc., and proves that Si fertilizer can increase the P nutrition, yield and quality, resistance to any biotic and abiotic stress ability, reduce the toxici- ty of heavy metals of plants and improve the water fertilizer retention of soil by practice; also points out that the best source for Si fertilizers is natural rich Si ma- terials. At last, it gives the prospection about the application of Si fertilizer in the sustainable and organic agriculture.
基金Project(2012CB725400)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(71271023,71322102,7121001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The assumption widely used in the user equilibrium model for stochastic network was that the probability distributions of the travel time were known explicitly by travelers. However, this distribution may be unavailable in reality. By relaxing the restrictive assumption, a robust user equilibrium model based on cumulative prospect theory under distribution-free travel time was presented. In the absence of the cumulative distribution function of the travel time, the exact cumulative prospect value(CPV) for each route cannot be obtained. However, the upper and lower bounds on the CPV can be calculated by probability inequalities.Travelers were assumed to choose the routes with the best worst-case CPVs. The proposed model was formulated as a variational inequality problem and solved via a heuristic solution algorithm. A numerical example was also provided to illustrate the application of the proposed model and the efficiency of the solution algorithm.
基金Project(BX20180268)supported by National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent,ChinaProject(300102228101)supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China+1 种基金Project(51578150)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(18YJCZH130)supported by the Humanities and Social Science Project of Chinese Ministry of Education
文摘The traffic equilibrium assignment problem under tradable credit scheme(TCS) in a bi-modal stochastic transportation network is investigated in this paper. To describe traveler’s risk-taking behaviors under uncertainty, the cumulative prospect theory(CPT) is adopted. Travelers are assumed to choose the paths with the minimum perceived generalized path costs, consisting of time prospect value(PV) and monetary cost. At equilibrium with a given TCS, the endogenous reference points and credit price remain constant, and are consistent with the equilibrium flow pattern and the corresponding travel time distributions of road sub-network. To describe such an equilibrium state, the CPT-based stochastic user equilibrium(SUE) conditions can be formulated under TCS. An equivalent variational inequality(VI) model embedding a parameterized fixed point(FP) model is then established, with its properties analyzed theoretically. A heuristic solution algorithm is developed to solve the model, which contains two-layer iterations. The outer iteration is a bisection-based contraction method to find the equilibrium credit price, and the inner iteration is essentially the method of successive averages(MSA) to determine the corresponding CPT-based SUE network flow pattern. Numerical experiments are provided to validate the model and algorithm.
基金supported by funding the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) and the grant number is 2014CB239000
文摘1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71171048,71371049)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.KYLX15_0190)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(No.YBJJ1567)
文摘Based on the prospect theory, a novel linguisticdecision method under risk is proposed. First, the alternativesunder each risk state are rated using linguistic terms, and＇ thelinguistic decision matrix is constructed. Secondly, thelinguistic terms are transformed into triangular fuzzy numbers,so that the linguistic evaluations can be changed into numericalforms. Thirdly, with the aid of the prospect theory, theprobability weight functions and the linguistic value functionscan be computed, based on which the prospective values of thealternatives are obtained. Finally, the alternatives are rankedwith respect to the prospective values combined of probabilityweight and linguistic value functions. Thus, the optimalchoice is made. The decision process takes the psychologicalpreferences of the decision maker into consideration. Thepracticality of the proposed method is illustrated through anapplication on stock selection problems.
文摘The environmental impact of maritime transport has now become a relevant issue in sustainable policy formulation and has attracted increasing interest from academia.For the sustainable development of maritime transport,International Maritime Organization stipulates that the sulfur content of ship emissions will reach 0.5 from 2020.With the approaching of the stipulated implementation date,shipowners need to adopt scientific methods to make decision on low sulfur fuel.In this study,we applied a prospect theory based hesitant fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model to obtain the optimal decision of low Sulphur marine fuel.For this purpose,the hesitant fuzzy decision matrix is established to collect expert opinions,the maximizing deviation method is adopted to determine criteria weights.According to calculate the Euclidean distance from the reference points,we obtain the comprehensive prospect values of alternatives.Lastly,a case study is carried out to illustrate the significance and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.The innovation of this study is that it is the first-time adopting prospect theory and hesitate fuzzy sets to multi-criteria decision making for low Sulphur marine fuel,which provides an effective decision model for shipping companies under Low Sulphur regulations,and can also be extended to other industries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21203027,21373048,21371034)Scientific Development Fund of Fuzhou University(2012-XQ-11)
文摘We applied periodic density-functional theory to investigate the adsorption of HCN on x Ni@Pt（111） bimetallic surfaces（x = 1~4）. The results have been compared with those obtained on pure Ni（111） and Pt（111） surfaces. For all bimetallic surfaces,HCN is preferentially tilted with the CN bond parallel to the surface,and adsorption energies increase with an increasing number of layer Ni atoms on the surface. The adsorption energies of HCN on all bimetallic surfaces are larger than that on the Pt（111） surface,whereas the adsorption energies of HCN on 3Ni@Pt（111） and 4Ni@Pt（111） are larger than that on the Ni（111） surface,indicating that the introduction of Ni to the Pt catalyst could increase the activity of bimetallic catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction for nitriles. Larger adsorption energy of HCN leads to a longer C–N bond length and a smaller CN vibrational frequency. The analysis of Bader charge and vibrational frequencies showed obvious weakening of the adsorbed C–N bond and an indication of sp2 hybridization of both carbon and nitrogen atoms.
文摘Based on the analysis of the evaluation problems associated with the risk control scheme for major engineering projects,the evaluation method of the risk control scheme considering the irrational behavior of evaluation members in fuzzy random environment is proposed.Firstly,a maximum entropy model corresponding to any evaluation member is es-tablished by using triangular fuzzy random variables and grey correlation coefficient in order to obtain the weight of each risk factor of the member.Secondly,a nonlinear programming model is established according to the principle of minimiz-ing deviation to estimate the weight of different evaluation members on the evaluation of alternative risk control schemes.Lastly,the cumulative entropy model is used to calculate the weight of risk control schemes.Cumulative prospect theory obtains the comprehensive prospect utility value of each alternative to determine the optimal alternative.
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of health care reform policy in China comprehensively and provide suggestions for its further implementation.Methods Data on the effect of health care reform were obtained from“China Health Statistics Yearbook”and National Bureau of Statistics of China and the indicators were selected by corrected item total correlation(CITC)and Cronbach’sαreliability coefficient.Then,the selected indicators were calculated through the prospect theory model.Meanwhile,the gray relation analysis method was introduced to enlarge the differences between the advantages and disadvantages to make the comprehensive evaluation result more obvious.Results and Conclusion The implementation of China’s health care reform has a significant impact on China’s medical and health system.However,the effect of the policy will become less with the increase of the total amount.An effective management can ensure that the policy continues to play its role.
