Periventricular leukomalacia （PVL）, a white matter injury （WMI） affecting the premature infant＇s brain is commonly associated with ce- rebral palsy （CP）. Among premature infants 〈 1,500 g, approximately 7,000 ...Periventricular leukomalacia （PVL）, a white matter injury （WMI） affecting the premature infant＇s brain is commonly associated with ce- rebral palsy （CP）. Among premature infants 〈 1,500 g, approximately 7,000 develop CP yearly and 20,000-30,000 exhibit major cognitive deficits yearly （Volpe, 2009）. PVL results from hypoxia-ischemia （HI） with or without infection and is characterized by white matter necrotic lesions, hypomyelination, microglial activation, astrogliosis, and neuronal death. Risk factors for the development of PVL include： prematurity associated with immature cerebrovascular development, HI insults with lack of appropriate auto-regulation of cerebral blood flow, free radical production, energy deprivation, intrauterine infec- tion and chorioamnionitis. Affected infants show definitive signs of cerebral palsy such as spastic diplegia, seizures, developmental delay, visual and hearing impairment, scoliosis and incontinence by 6-9 months of age. PVL can also occur in term infants with certain con- genital cyanotic heart disease which will not be our focus here （Volpe, 2001）.展开更多
Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related...Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related changes are typically accompanied by decline in cognitive function, urinary control, sensory-motor function, and gait ability （Bradley et al., 1991; Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004; Grady, 2012; Moran et al., 2012）. In addition, a number of studies have suggested changes in brain structure with normal aging, such as decrease in cortical thickness or increase in ventricular width （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al., 1997; Uylings and de Brabander, 2002; Preul et al., 2006; Apostolova et al., 2012）. In particular, ventricular enlargement has been suggested as a structural biomarker for normal aging and progression of some illnesses, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al.,展开更多
This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifofia L. （Rubiaceae） commonly known as noni, and memantine （a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor） on hydrocephalus-induced neurod...This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifofia L. （Rubiaceae） commonly known as noni, and memantine （a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor） on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Kaolin was injected into the cistern magna of male adult New Zealand rabbits to establish a hydrocephalus animal model. Memantine （20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; memantine-treated group） or noni （5 mL/kg, intragastrically; noni-treated group） was administered daily for 2 weeks. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed to detect neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle of rabbits. Microtubule-associated protein-2 staining density was significantly decreased in the hydrocephalic group, while the staining density was significantly increased in the memantine- and noni-treated groups, especially in the noni-treated group. Noni treatment decreased the number of caspase-3-positive cells in rabbits with hydrocephalus, while memantine had no effect. These findings suggest that noni exhibits more obvious inhibitory effects on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders than memantine in periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle.展开更多
Periventricular nodular heterotopia （PNH） is a cortical malformation commonly found in epilepsy patients caused by the failure of neurons to migrate.Patients with PNH present with various clinical manifestations and...Periventricular nodular heterotopia （PNH） is a cortical malformation commonly found in epilepsy patients caused by the failure of neurons to migrate.Patients with PNH present with various clinical manifestations and genetic mutations. Despite their remarkable structural malformations, PNH patients generally have no neurological deficits or cognitive disabilities. However, particularly in patients with abnormal cortical development, the systematic abnormalities can also be severely delayed.展开更多
目的:探讨侧脑室周围白质软化症(periventricular leukomalacia,PVL)脑瘫患儿的临床及MRI特点。方法:从我院电子病历信息系统中回顾性提取自2011年1月1日至2021年12月31日在郑州大学第三附属医院儿童康复科住院康复的18岁以下脑瘫儿童信...目的:探讨侧脑室周围白质软化症(periventricular leukomalacia,PVL)脑瘫患儿的临床及MRI特点。方法:从我院电子病历信息系统中回顾性提取自2011年1月1日至2021年12月31日在郑州大学第三附属医院儿童康复科住院康复的18岁以下脑瘫儿童信息,比较和分析头颅MRI表现为PVL脑瘫患儿的孕周、出生体重、分型、粗大运动功能分级(gross motor function classification system,GMFCS)、共患病等方面的不同。结果:共纳入2012例脑瘫患儿,进行头颅MRI检查并有结果记录者共1419例,PVL共645例(45.45%),早产417例(64.65%),低出生体重患儿375例(58.14%);在有PVL分级结果的321例患儿中,PVL分级为Ⅱ级者在孕周<32周脑瘫患儿中占比最高,为72.53%(8/77),孕周与PVL分级有统计学差异(P<0.01);在出生体重方面,PVL分级为Ⅱ级者在出生体重1500~2500 g及<1500 g脑瘫患儿中占比分别为71.21%(94/132)和62.5%(25/40),不同出生体重儿的PVL分级分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在型别方面,痉挛型双瘫占比57.36%(370/645),痉挛型四肢瘫占比17.36%(112/645);在GMFCS分级方面,具有独走能力者占比65.89%(425/645)。在有PVL分级结果的321例患儿中,PVL为Ⅲ级者痉挛型偏瘫占比最高,为53.49%(46/86),在GMFCS分级方面,PVL分级为Ⅱ级者GMFCS为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级者占比最低,为48.84%(105/215),型别、GMFCS分级与PVL分级之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);在共患病方面,最后一次随访年龄>4岁的有505例,其中共患智力障碍181例(35.84%),共患癫痫78例(12.09%),共患视力障碍71例(11.01%)。在有PVL分级结果的321例患儿中,PVL分级为Ⅱ级者共患癫痫及智力障碍率均最高,分别为17.03%(31/182)和40.16%(49/122),PVL分级与是否共患癫痫及智力障碍均存在统计学差异(均P<0.05),PVL分级与是否共患听力障碍、视力障碍均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:头颅MRI为PVL的脑瘫患儿的孕周、临床表现、合并症呈现一定的特点,头颅MRI可以为围产期预防、临床早期诊断、早期干预及减少后遗症提供重要依据。展开更多
基金supported by Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
文摘Periventricular leukomalacia （PVL）, a white matter injury （WMI） affecting the premature infant＇s brain is commonly associated with ce- rebral palsy （CP）. Among premature infants 〈 1,500 g, approximately 7,000 develop CP yearly and 20,000-30,000 exhibit major cognitive deficits yearly （Volpe, 2009）. PVL results from hypoxia-ischemia （HI） with or without infection and is characterized by white matter necrotic lesions, hypomyelination, microglial activation, astrogliosis, and neuronal death. Risk factors for the development of PVL include： prematurity associated with immature cerebrovascular development, HI insults with lack of appropriate auto-regulation of cerebral blood flow, free radical production, energy deprivation, intrauterine infec- tion and chorioamnionitis. Affected infants show definitive signs of cerebral palsy such as spastic diplegia, seizures, developmental delay, visual and hearing impairment, scoliosis and incontinence by 6-9 months of age. PVL can also occur in term infants with certain con- genital cyanotic heart disease which will not be our focus here （Volpe, 2001）.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, No. 2012R1A1B4003477
文摘Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related changes are typically accompanied by decline in cognitive function, urinary control, sensory-motor function, and gait ability （Bradley et al., 1991; Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004; Grady, 2012; Moran et al., 2012）. In addition, a number of studies have suggested changes in brain structure with normal aging, such as decrease in cortical thickness or increase in ventricular width （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al., 1997; Uylings and de Brabander, 2002; Preul et al., 2006; Apostolova et al., 2012）. In particular, ventricular enlargement has been suggested as a structural biomarker for normal aging and progression of some illnesses, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al.,
基金sponsored by a grant from the Education and Research Foundation of Faculty of Medicine,Kocaeli University,No.2009/45
文摘This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifofia L. （Rubiaceae） commonly known as noni, and memantine （a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor） on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Kaolin was injected into the cistern magna of male adult New Zealand rabbits to establish a hydrocephalus animal model. Memantine （20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; memantine-treated group） or noni （5 mL/kg, intragastrically; noni-treated group） was administered daily for 2 weeks. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed to detect neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle of rabbits. Microtubule-associated protein-2 staining density was significantly decreased in the hydrocephalic group, while the staining density was significantly increased in the memantine- and noni-treated groups, especially in the noni-treated group. Noni treatment decreased the number of caspase-3-positive cells in rabbits with hydrocephalus, while memantine had no effect. These findings suggest that noni exhibits more obvious inhibitory effects on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders than memantine in periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle.
文摘Periventricular nodular heterotopia （PNH） is a cortical malformation commonly found in epilepsy patients caused by the failure of neurons to migrate.Patients with PNH present with various clinical manifestations and genetic mutations. Despite their remarkable structural malformations, PNH patients generally have no neurological deficits or cognitive disabilities. However, particularly in patients with abnormal cortical development, the systematic abnormalities can also be severely delayed.
文摘目的:探讨侧脑室周围白质软化症(periventricular leukomalacia,PVL)脑瘫患儿的临床及MRI特点。方法:从我院电子病历信息系统中回顾性提取自2011年1月1日至2021年12月31日在郑州大学第三附属医院儿童康复科住院康复的18岁以下脑瘫儿童信息,比较和分析头颅MRI表现为PVL脑瘫患儿的孕周、出生体重、分型、粗大运动功能分级(gross motor function classification system,GMFCS)、共患病等方面的不同。结果:共纳入2012例脑瘫患儿,进行头颅MRI检查并有结果记录者共1419例,PVL共645例(45.45%),早产417例(64.65%),低出生体重患儿375例(58.14%);在有PVL分级结果的321例患儿中,PVL分级为Ⅱ级者在孕周<32周脑瘫患儿中占比最高,为72.53%(8/77),孕周与PVL分级有统计学差异(P<0.01);在出生体重方面,PVL分级为Ⅱ级者在出生体重1500~2500 g及<1500 g脑瘫患儿中占比分别为71.21%(94/132)和62.5%(25/40),不同出生体重儿的PVL分级分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在型别方面,痉挛型双瘫占比57.36%(370/645),痉挛型四肢瘫占比17.36%(112/645);在GMFCS分级方面,具有独走能力者占比65.89%(425/645)。在有PVL分级结果的321例患儿中,PVL为Ⅲ级者痉挛型偏瘫占比最高,为53.49%(46/86),在GMFCS分级方面,PVL分级为Ⅱ级者GMFCS为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级者占比最低,为48.84%(105/215),型别、GMFCS分级与PVL分级之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);在共患病方面,最后一次随访年龄>4岁的有505例,其中共患智力障碍181例(35.84%),共患癫痫78例(12.09%),共患视力障碍71例(11.01%)。在有PVL分级结果的321例患儿中,PVL分级为Ⅱ级者共患癫痫及智力障碍率均最高,分别为17.03%(31/182)和40.16%(49/122),PVL分级与是否共患癫痫及智力障碍均存在统计学差异(均P<0.05),PVL分级与是否共患听力障碍、视力障碍均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:头颅MRI为PVL的脑瘫患儿的孕周、临床表现、合并症呈现一定的特点,头颅MRI可以为围产期预防、临床早期诊断、早期干预及减少后遗症提供重要依据。
