This thesis tries to study two novels:firstly,the performance of Orientalism in the novel A Passage to India;secondly the Exorcization of Orientalism in the novel the Woman Warrior written by Maxine Hong Kingston.
Amy Tan is a renowned Chinese American writer who has won prestigious awards and also received various criticism from home and abroad. Her first novel The Joy Luck Club has won her several prestigious literary awards....Amy Tan is a renowned Chinese American writer who has won prestigious awards and also received various criticism from home and abroad. Her first novel The Joy Luck Club has won her several prestigious literary awards. However, the limitation of Orientalism is also manifested in the novel, which leads to much criticism. It is believed that the novel is popular because the binary distinction between the East and the West satisfies the ideological needs of the white-dominated society. This thesis is trying to interpret The Joy Luck Club from the perspective of Orientalism.展开更多
A Passage to India is the masterpiece of E.M.Forster and a classical work of anti-colonialism,which exposes the insuperable chasm between the Great Britain and India.The book is full of bitter irony,beautiful lyrics,m...A Passage to India is the masterpiece of E.M.Forster and a classical work of anti-colonialism,which exposes the insuperable chasm between the Great Britain and India.The book is full of bitter irony,beautiful lyrics,meaningful symbol and far-reaching philosophical predict.Since it published,the book has been study on many points of view such as religion,politics,race and culture.It analyzes the existence of Orientalism in the work according to the Orientalism theory of Said.It exposes the blockade that exists in the process of cultural communication between the east and the west,thus finding a way for the establishment of harmony between the east and the west:equal dialogues,multivariate coexistence and mutually infiltration so as to achieve world harmony and great unity.展开更多
Maxine Kingston is one of the greatest Chinese American writers since 1970 s, whose works are well popular in literary market and academic circle. Published in 1980, China Men, has won many prizes for Maxine Kingston,...Maxine Kingston is one of the greatest Chinese American writers since 1970 s, whose works are well popular in literary market and academic circle. Published in 1980, China Men, has won many prizes for Maxine Kingston, including the National Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and also been nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. This book is a"narrative genealogy"(Lee, 2003) of Chinese immigrants in the United Stated, depicting their real living experience from the Opium War to the end of Vietnam War. With the representation of the Oriental's life to incarnate their pursuit of American Dream, China Men is closely connected with Orientalism put forward by Edward Said. Therefore, from the perspective of Said's Orientalism, this paper tries to subvert the orientalism in American dream of the Chinese immigrants in the China Men.展开更多
A Passage to India is a representative novel by E. M. Forster. His insightful exploration of the relationship between Britain and the colony India in early 20th century guarantees it a seat among the classics of the w...A Passage to India is a representative novel by E. M. Forster. His insightful exploration of the relationship between Britain and the colony India in early 20th century guarantees it a seat among the classics of the world’s colonist literature. E. M. Forster’s ideas in A Passage to India exhibit many affinities with Edward Said’s thoughts in his Orientalism. This paper, therefore, aims to offer an interpretation of A Passage to India by using Said’s philosophy of the Orientalism as the theoretical framework. Due to Forster’s dual consciousness revealed in the novel, this paper will focus on two aspects, namely, the reflection of his colonialist ideology and his anti-colonial humanistic sense.展开更多
Geography is a kind of differential calculus in the sense that the three-dimensional, that is, the act of tangentially accessing things, is mapped on to the two-dimensional or the concrete. It is why we can say that t...Geography is a kind of differential calculus in the sense that the three-dimensional, that is, the act of tangentially accessing things, is mapped on to the two-dimensional or the concrete. It is why we can say that the East-West or Occidental versus Oriental dichotomy is so limited in its binary dualism. We could easily criticize not only Said＇s Orientalism, but also in turn, a critical self-defense by turning itself upon its own head. It can indeed be said that the cross or cardinal directions run four different ways and not two. ＂The East＂ is not just Far Eastern, that is, the so-called ＂Asian,＂ but extends to the Far West or to California. Parts of Europe and the Dionysian are not simply limited to Central Europe and Southeastern Asia. We can see in Asia, that is, Eurasia and in North Africa, that 1-2% of non-Sub-saharan human DNA is genotypically Neanderthal in addition to being Homo Sapiens in DNA. 1 The task, it might be said, is to continually remediate binary directions and to reweave Apollo and Dionysos in Friedrich Nietzsche. We can see the limitations of Continentalism in categorizing the human.展开更多
Doctor Strange has become a representation of superheroes with magic in the world of Marvel.Considering his identity as Sorcerer Supreme,there is a crucial connection between the Orient and his magic.The paper will di...Doctor Strange has become a representation of superheroes with magic in the world of Marvel.Considering his identity as Sorcerer Supreme,there is a crucial connection between the Orient and his magic.The paper will discuss the detailed symbols of Orientalism in the process of creation and presentation of Doctor Strange respectively to figure out the change of Orientalism with the times within the texts of Doctor Strange and its existence today.展开更多
With the publication of Red Star over China,Snow became the premier interpreter of 1930s’China for a generation of American readers.Taken it as political travel writing,this essay focuses on the ideological approach...With the publication of Red Star over China,Snow became the premier interpreter of 1930s’China for a generation of American readers.Taken it as political travel writing,this essay focuses on the ideological approach of“two Chinas”Snow described in this book.Orientalism is considered as the dominant and only ideology through the comparative reading of Red China and White China.However,Snow complicates Said’s orientalism and adopts Pratt’s“anti-conquest narrative”strategy when describing“two Chinas”.This essay explores the textual representation of“two Chinas”through unpacking issues such as political condition,historical context and ideological approach.It also examines the literary techniques involved in the textual construction of both Red and White Chinas in the same Chinese territory in late 1930s.展开更多
Amy Tan's well-known masterpiece The Joy Luck Club has been discussed by scholars and writers for a long time and the topics mainly focus on the relationship between mothers and daughters, the role of immigrants, ...Amy Tan's well-known masterpiece The Joy Luck Club has been discussed by scholars and writers for a long time and the topics mainly focus on the relationship between mothers and daughters, the role of immigrants, Androcentrism and so forth.However,"The Other"of Orientalism is rarely talked about. So this paper probes "The Other" in several aspects.展开更多
In Orientalism,the author Edward W.Said stated that the Orient is negatively defined and serves to support the West'ssuperiority and strength.Citing a number of discourses and texts in the book,he broke the bounda...In Orientalism,the author Edward W.Said stated that the Orient is negatively defined and serves to support the West'ssuperiority and strength.Citing a number of discourses and texts in the book,he broke the boundary between knowledge and poli-tics,and further examined how the knowledge that the Western colonial powers shaped about the Orient assisted to make a de-praved picture of the colonies,to justify their colonial ambition and suppression.Nevertheless,although Said attempted to explainthe selection of the oriental area in his discussion,a vast area of the Far East,such as China and Japan is excluded.Furthermore,he regarded the Orient as a completely passive colony,and negated any resistance from the Orient.展开更多
Heart of Darkness was written by Joseph Conrad and published as a whole in 1902.The story begins on a British ship"the Nellie"moored on the coast of the Thames.It mainly talks about what Marlow sees and thin...Heart of Darkness was written by Joseph Conrad and published as a whole in 1902.The story begins on a British ship"the Nellie"moored on the coast of the Thames.It mainly talks about what Marlow sees and thinks when he begins his journey up to the Congo Riveres and reveals a turning process of a white colonizer called Kurts who is at the very beginning,an idealistic white colonizer trying to bring"civilization"and"progress"to the Africa but in the end falls into a greedy,cruel person.The novel,on the one hand,describes the terrible life of African peple and reveals the tyranne,greed of western colonism and stong racism;and on the other hand,it also shows readers a strong orientalism towards the Africa.So my purpose of the paper is to analyse how Orientalism is revealed in the Heart of Darkness.展开更多
William Somerset Maugham(1874-1965),one of the most popular writers of the twentieth century,is famous for his exquisitenarrative technique.The Painted Veil tells a touching story with unique narrative style.This pape...William Somerset Maugham(1874-1965),one of the most popular writers of the twentieth century,is famous for his exquisitenarrative technique.The Painted Veil tells a touching story with unique narrative style.This paper takes Edward Said's postcolonial crit-ical theory of orientalism as its theoretical foundation to conduct a study of The Painted Veil in detail with an intention to explore China's image and disclose the cultural hegemony of Maugham.The Painted Veil about demonizing and distorting China's image is based onthe perspective of Orientalism,which is inextricably linked to Maugham's cultural hegemony thought.展开更多
For centuries,the far-off Orient remained unveiled as a mysterious land of exteriority both culturally and geographically. However,before the industrial revolution Western studies about the Orient has been a putative ...For centuries,the far-off Orient remained unveiled as a mysterious land of exteriority both culturally and geographically. However,before the industrial revolution Western studies about the Orient has been a putative object in response to the Western social as it mainly gauged Eastern culture according to its own indigenous cultural tradition. What are the reasons behind this putative attempt to interpret the ancient codes of Eastern civilization through imagination and forged theories? This essay scrutinizes from four aspects-the definition of Orientalism proposed by Said,the illusionary foundation of Oriental study,the egocentric judgment on Oriental culture and the self-referential circulation of Oriental knowledge system while discussing the angels from which Oriental studies view ancient China. Factors including economic and social needs as well as the cultural conceitedness are all involved as we decipher the mysteries behind this special cultural phenomenon.展开更多
What is the border between Central and Eastern Europe?This is an unanswered question in the literature of contemporary European history and politics.In the modern state system,imaginary boundaries are products of the ...What is the border between Central and Eastern Europe?This is an unanswered question in the literature of contemporary European history and politics.In the modern state system,imaginary boundaries are products of the imagined communities,and these boundaries also cause either to occidentalize or to orientalize the lands due to its top-down/elitist imagination procedure.During the Cold War years,anti-USSR voices are important to see the certain demand for Europeanization among people in today’s Central Europe where there especially had the communist legacy.In general,the ultimate goal is to identify themselves as more western among Central and Eastern European states for the sake of civilizational values of the Enlightenment and to reach today’s contested Neoliberal welfare.This desire causes Nesting Orientalisms,Milica Bakic-Hayden’s concept.Nesting Orientalisms are about re-constructing new Orient in the same region to hierarchizeitself as occidental.Through the process of mapping its location and construction of occidental identity,Hungary defines itself as a part of Central Europe.But what are the legitimated reasons of Hungary to define itself as Central European instead of Eastern Europe?Do these reasons perfectly fit in today’s Central European formulation and stereotype?What are the possible reasons to reject Hungary’s Central European self-definition?Moreover,under the shadow of the discussion on Central Europe vs.Eastern Europe,to what extent does the rise of authoritarianism block ongoing occidentalisation process of Hungary?In this research,I will answer these questions by analyzing modern political history of Hungary by the method of interpretivist process tracing.展开更多
Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the...Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.展开更多
Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fag...Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fagus orientalis Lipsky),a widespread species in the Hyrcanian region.Assessing the impacts of plot size on species diversity is fundamental for an ecosystem-based approach to forest management.This study determined the relation of species diversity and plot size by investigating species richness and abundance of both canopy and forest floor.Two hundred and fifty-six sample plots of 625 m^(2) each were layout in a grid pattern across 16 ha.Base plots(25 m×25 m)were integrated in different scales to investigate the effect of plot size on species diversity.The total included nine plots of 0.063,0.125,0.188,0.250,0.375,0.500,0.563,0.750 and 1 ha.Ten biodiversity indices were calculated.The results show that species richness in the different plot sizes was less than the actual value.The estimated value of the Simpson species diversity index was not significantly different from actual values for both canopy and forest floor diversity.The coefficient of variation of this index for the 1-ha sample plot showed the lowest amount across different plot sizes.Inverse Hill species diversity was insignificant difference across different plot sizes with an area greater than 0.500 ha.The modified Hill evenness index for the 1-ha sample size was a correct estimation of the 16-ha for both canopy and forest floor;however,the precision estimation was higher for the canopy layer.All plots greater than 0.250-ha provided an accurate estimation of the Camargo evenness index for forest floor species,but was inaccurate across different plot sizes for the canopy layer.The results indicate that the same plot size did not have the same effect across species diversity measurements.Our results show that correct estimation of species diversity measurements is related to the selection of appropriate indicators and plot size to increase the accuracy of the estimate so that the cost and time of biodiversity management may be reduced.展开更多
In this paper,an image processing algorithm which is able to synthesize material textures of arbitrary shapes is proposed.The presented approach uses an arbitrary image to construct a structure layer of the material.T...In this paper,an image processing algorithm which is able to synthesize material textures of arbitrary shapes is proposed.The presented approach uses an arbitrary image to construct a structure layer of the material.The resulting structure layer is then used to constrain the material texture synthesis.The field of second-moment matrices is used to represent the structure layer.Many tests with various constraint images are conducted to ensure that the proposed approach accurately reproduces the visual aspects of the input material sample.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to accurately synthesize arbitrary-shaped material textures while respecting the local characteristics of the exemplar.This paves the way toward the synthesis of 3D material textures of arbitrary shapes from 2D material samples,which has a wide application range in virtual material design and materials characterization.展开更多
The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained expe...The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained experimentally through tests on specimens under multiaxial loading with that calculated by the variance method. In the statistical approach criteria, several methods have been developed but we have presented only one method, namely the variance method using the equivalent stress. She assumes that the fracture plane orientation is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. Three types of equivalent stress are defined for this method [1]: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained were compared with experimental results for multiaxial cyclic stress states, and it emerges that the variance method for the case of combined loading is conservative as it gives a better prediction of the fracture plane.展开更多
For thermal power enterprises,the traditional business model of scale expansion and a single product line restricts the development of electricity marketing.Therefore,to achieve the transformation and upgrading of the...For thermal power enterprises,the traditional business model of scale expansion and a single product line restricts the development of electricity marketing.Therefore,to achieve the transformation and upgrading of their electricity marketing,this study starts from the current situation of the electricity market and introduces in detail the market-oriented electricity marketing strategies of thermal power enterprises from four aspects:product strategy,price strategy,channel strategy,and promotion strategy.The analysis finds that a market-oriented electricity marketing strategy is not only an inevitable choice for thermal power enterprises to respond to current challenges but also an essential path for them to move toward high-quality development.Through continuous innovation and upgrading,thermal power enterprises will maintain a leading position in fierce market competition,achieve sustainable development,and make greater contributions to the prosperity and development of the energy industry.展开更多
In this essay, I take the recent publication of several texts examining the historical and contemporary phenomena of Sinophobia, Orientalism, and Sinologism as an opening for theorizing underlying and related issues i...In this essay, I take the recent publication of several texts examining the historical and contemporary phenomena of Sinophobia, Orientalism, and Sinologism as an opening for theorizing underlying and related issues including pervasive anti-China biases in Western journalism and China＇s position therein. In addition to illustrating how the concepts of Orientalism arise from Western historical and epistemological foundations, I theorize what I call a ＂new yellow journalism＂ that has grown in tandem with ＂China＇s rise＂ and the threat this indicates to many Western observers, and how this threat and others like it have been met in the age of ＂new imperialism.＂ I compare this new phenomenon with its historical antecedents, ＂yellow journalism＂ and America＇s emergence as a imperialism power with the Spanish-American War （1898）, and note several key insights offered by recent critical analyses of that period, which together suggest a confluence of different players, including policymakers, new media business models, and what I describe as a type of public ＂corporatism＂ in which citizens, particularly Americans, function effectively as shareholders in maintaining hegemonic if not imperialist power.展开更多
文摘This thesis tries to study two novels:firstly,the performance of Orientalism in the novel A Passage to India;secondly the Exorcization of Orientalism in the novel the Woman Warrior written by Maxine Hong Kingston.
文摘Amy Tan is a renowned Chinese American writer who has won prestigious awards and also received various criticism from home and abroad. Her first novel The Joy Luck Club has won her several prestigious literary awards. However, the limitation of Orientalism is also manifested in the novel, which leads to much criticism. It is believed that the novel is popular because the binary distinction between the East and the West satisfies the ideological needs of the white-dominated society. This thesis is trying to interpret The Joy Luck Club from the perspective of Orientalism.
文摘A Passage to India is the masterpiece of E.M.Forster and a classical work of anti-colonialism,which exposes the insuperable chasm between the Great Britain and India.The book is full of bitter irony,beautiful lyrics,meaningful symbol and far-reaching philosophical predict.Since it published,the book has been study on many points of view such as religion,politics,race and culture.It analyzes the existence of Orientalism in the work according to the Orientalism theory of Said.It exposes the blockade that exists in the process of cultural communication between the east and the west,thus finding a way for the establishment of harmony between the east and the west:equal dialogues,multivariate coexistence and mutually infiltration so as to achieve world harmony and great unity.
文摘Maxine Kingston is one of the greatest Chinese American writers since 1970 s, whose works are well popular in literary market and academic circle. Published in 1980, China Men, has won many prizes for Maxine Kingston, including the National Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and also been nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. This book is a"narrative genealogy"(Lee, 2003) of Chinese immigrants in the United Stated, depicting their real living experience from the Opium War to the end of Vietnam War. With the representation of the Oriental's life to incarnate their pursuit of American Dream, China Men is closely connected with Orientalism put forward by Edward Said. Therefore, from the perspective of Said's Orientalism, this paper tries to subvert the orientalism in American dream of the Chinese immigrants in the China Men.
文摘A Passage to India is a representative novel by E. M. Forster. His insightful exploration of the relationship between Britain and the colony India in early 20th century guarantees it a seat among the classics of the world’s colonist literature. E. M. Forster’s ideas in A Passage to India exhibit many affinities with Edward Said’s thoughts in his Orientalism. This paper, therefore, aims to offer an interpretation of A Passage to India by using Said’s philosophy of the Orientalism as the theoretical framework. Due to Forster’s dual consciousness revealed in the novel, this paper will focus on two aspects, namely, the reflection of his colonialist ideology and his anti-colonial humanistic sense.
文摘Geography is a kind of differential calculus in the sense that the three-dimensional, that is, the act of tangentially accessing things, is mapped on to the two-dimensional or the concrete. It is why we can say that the East-West or Occidental versus Oriental dichotomy is so limited in its binary dualism. We could easily criticize not only Said＇s Orientalism, but also in turn, a critical self-defense by turning itself upon its own head. It can indeed be said that the cross or cardinal directions run four different ways and not two. ＂The East＂ is not just Far Eastern, that is, the so-called ＂Asian,＂ but extends to the Far West or to California. Parts of Europe and the Dionysian are not simply limited to Central Europe and Southeastern Asia. We can see in Asia, that is, Eurasia and in North Africa, that 1-2% of non-Sub-saharan human DNA is genotypically Neanderthal in addition to being Homo Sapiens in DNA. 1 The task, it might be said, is to continually remediate binary directions and to reweave Apollo and Dionysos in Friedrich Nietzsche. We can see the limitations of Continentalism in categorizing the human.
文摘Doctor Strange has become a representation of superheroes with magic in the world of Marvel.Considering his identity as Sorcerer Supreme,there is a crucial connection between the Orient and his magic.The paper will discuss the detailed symbols of Orientalism in the process of creation and presentation of Doctor Strange respectively to figure out the change of Orientalism with the times within the texts of Doctor Strange and its existence today.
基金This work is supported by the Funding of Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Shenzhen City(SZ2021C007).
文摘With the publication of Red Star over China,Snow became the premier interpreter of 1930s’China for a generation of American readers.Taken it as political travel writing,this essay focuses on the ideological approach of“two Chinas”Snow described in this book.Orientalism is considered as the dominant and only ideology through the comparative reading of Red China and White China.However,Snow complicates Said’s orientalism and adopts Pratt’s“anti-conquest narrative”strategy when describing“two Chinas”.This essay explores the textual representation of“two Chinas”through unpacking issues such as political condition,historical context and ideological approach.It also examines the literary techniques involved in the textual construction of both Red and White Chinas in the same Chinese territory in late 1930s.
文摘Amy Tan's well-known masterpiece The Joy Luck Club has been discussed by scholars and writers for a long time and the topics mainly focus on the relationship between mothers and daughters, the role of immigrants, Androcentrism and so forth.However,"The Other"of Orientalism is rarely talked about. So this paper probes "The Other" in several aspects.
文摘In Orientalism,the author Edward W.Said stated that the Orient is negatively defined and serves to support the West'ssuperiority and strength.Citing a number of discourses and texts in the book,he broke the boundary between knowledge and poli-tics,and further examined how the knowledge that the Western colonial powers shaped about the Orient assisted to make a de-praved picture of the colonies,to justify their colonial ambition and suppression.Nevertheless,although Said attempted to explainthe selection of the oriental area in his discussion,a vast area of the Far East,such as China and Japan is excluded.Furthermore,he regarded the Orient as a completely passive colony,and negated any resistance from the Orient.
文摘Heart of Darkness was written by Joseph Conrad and published as a whole in 1902.The story begins on a British ship"the Nellie"moored on the coast of the Thames.It mainly talks about what Marlow sees and thinks when he begins his journey up to the Congo Riveres and reveals a turning process of a white colonizer called Kurts who is at the very beginning,an idealistic white colonizer trying to bring"civilization"and"progress"to the Africa but in the end falls into a greedy,cruel person.The novel,on the one hand,describes the terrible life of African peple and reveals the tyranne,greed of western colonism and stong racism;and on the other hand,it also shows readers a strong orientalism towards the Africa.So my purpose of the paper is to analyse how Orientalism is revealed in the Heart of Darkness.
文摘William Somerset Maugham(1874-1965),one of the most popular writers of the twentieth century,is famous for his exquisitenarrative technique.The Painted Veil tells a touching story with unique narrative style.This paper takes Edward Said's postcolonial crit-ical theory of orientalism as its theoretical foundation to conduct a study of The Painted Veil in detail with an intention to explore China's image and disclose the cultural hegemony of Maugham.The Painted Veil about demonizing and distorting China's image is based onthe perspective of Orientalism,which is inextricably linked to Maugham's cultural hegemony thought.
文摘For centuries,the far-off Orient remained unveiled as a mysterious land of exteriority both culturally and geographically. However,before the industrial revolution Western studies about the Orient has been a putative object in response to the Western social as it mainly gauged Eastern culture according to its own indigenous cultural tradition. What are the reasons behind this putative attempt to interpret the ancient codes of Eastern civilization through imagination and forged theories? This essay scrutinizes from four aspects-the definition of Orientalism proposed by Said,the illusionary foundation of Oriental study,the egocentric judgment on Oriental culture and the self-referential circulation of Oriental knowledge system while discussing the angels from which Oriental studies view ancient China. Factors including economic and social needs as well as the cultural conceitedness are all involved as we decipher the mysteries behind this special cultural phenomenon.
文摘What is the border between Central and Eastern Europe?This is an unanswered question in the literature of contemporary European history and politics.In the modern state system,imaginary boundaries are products of the imagined communities,and these boundaries also cause either to occidentalize or to orientalize the lands due to its top-down/elitist imagination procedure.During the Cold War years,anti-USSR voices are important to see the certain demand for Europeanization among people in today’s Central Europe where there especially had the communist legacy.In general,the ultimate goal is to identify themselves as more western among Central and Eastern European states for the sake of civilizational values of the Enlightenment and to reach today’s contested Neoliberal welfare.This desire causes Nesting Orientalisms,Milica Bakic-Hayden’s concept.Nesting Orientalisms are about re-constructing new Orient in the same region to hierarchizeitself as occidental.Through the process of mapping its location and construction of occidental identity,Hungary defines itself as a part of Central Europe.But what are the legitimated reasons of Hungary to define itself as Central European instead of Eastern Europe?Do these reasons perfectly fit in today’s Central European formulation and stereotype?What are the possible reasons to reject Hungary’s Central European self-definition?Moreover,under the shadow of the discussion on Central Europe vs.Eastern Europe,to what extent does the rise of authoritarianism block ongoing occidentalisation process of Hungary?In this research,I will answer these questions by analyzing modern political history of Hungary by the method of interpretivist process tracing.
文摘Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were studied.To illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically calculated.The effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was investigated.Data indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate increased.Secondary recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}<227>oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of 1.90T.Furthermore,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss texture.However,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 T.At a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this study.The heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.
基金funded by Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources(grant number 9318124503).
文摘Plant species diversity is one of the most widely used indicators in ecosystem management.The relation of species diversity with the size of the sample plot has not been fully determined for Oriental beech forests(Fagus orientalis Lipsky),a widespread species in the Hyrcanian region.Assessing the impacts of plot size on species diversity is fundamental for an ecosystem-based approach to forest management.This study determined the relation of species diversity and plot size by investigating species richness and abundance of both canopy and forest floor.Two hundred and fifty-six sample plots of 625 m^(2) each were layout in a grid pattern across 16 ha.Base plots(25 m×25 m)were integrated in different scales to investigate the effect of plot size on species diversity.The total included nine plots of 0.063,0.125,0.188,0.250,0.375,0.500,0.563,0.750 and 1 ha.Ten biodiversity indices were calculated.The results show that species richness in the different plot sizes was less than the actual value.The estimated value of the Simpson species diversity index was not significantly different from actual values for both canopy and forest floor diversity.The coefficient of variation of this index for the 1-ha sample plot showed the lowest amount across different plot sizes.Inverse Hill species diversity was insignificant difference across different plot sizes with an area greater than 0.500 ha.The modified Hill evenness index for the 1-ha sample size was a correct estimation of the 16-ha for both canopy and forest floor;however,the precision estimation was higher for the canopy layer.All plots greater than 0.250-ha provided an accurate estimation of the Camargo evenness index for forest floor species,but was inaccurate across different plot sizes for the canopy layer.The results indicate that the same plot size did not have the same effect across species diversity measurements.Our results show that correct estimation of species diversity measurements is related to the selection of appropriate indicators and plot size to increase the accuracy of the estimate so that the cost and time of biodiversity management may be reduced.
文摘In this paper,an image processing algorithm which is able to synthesize material textures of arbitrary shapes is proposed.The presented approach uses an arbitrary image to construct a structure layer of the material.The resulting structure layer is then used to constrain the material texture synthesis.The field of second-moment matrices is used to represent the structure layer.Many tests with various constraint images are conducted to ensure that the proposed approach accurately reproduces the visual aspects of the input material sample.The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to accurately synthesize arbitrary-shaped material textures while respecting the local characteristics of the exemplar.This paves the way toward the synthesis of 3D material textures of arbitrary shapes from 2D material samples,which has a wide application range in virtual material design and materials characterization.
文摘The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained experimentally through tests on specimens under multiaxial loading with that calculated by the variance method. In the statistical approach criteria, several methods have been developed but we have presented only one method, namely the variance method using the equivalent stress. She assumes that the fracture plane orientation is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. Three types of equivalent stress are defined for this method [1]: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained were compared with experimental results for multiaxial cyclic stress states, and it emerges that the variance method for the case of combined loading is conservative as it gives a better prediction of the fracture plane.
文摘For thermal power enterprises,the traditional business model of scale expansion and a single product line restricts the development of electricity marketing.Therefore,to achieve the transformation and upgrading of their electricity marketing,this study starts from the current situation of the electricity market and introduces in detail the market-oriented electricity marketing strategies of thermal power enterprises from four aspects:product strategy,price strategy,channel strategy,and promotion strategy.The analysis finds that a market-oriented electricity marketing strategy is not only an inevitable choice for thermal power enterprises to respond to current challenges but also an essential path for them to move toward high-quality development.Through continuous innovation and upgrading,thermal power enterprises will maintain a leading position in fierce market competition,achieve sustainable development,and make greater contributions to the prosperity and development of the energy industry.
文摘In this essay, I take the recent publication of several texts examining the historical and contemporary phenomena of Sinophobia, Orientalism, and Sinologism as an opening for theorizing underlying and related issues including pervasive anti-China biases in Western journalism and China＇s position therein. In addition to illustrating how the concepts of Orientalism arise from Western historical and epistemological foundations, I theorize what I call a ＂new yellow journalism＂ that has grown in tandem with ＂China＇s rise＂ and the threat this indicates to many Western observers, and how this threat and others like it have been met in the age of ＂new imperialism.＂ I compare this new phenomenon with its historical antecedents, ＂yellow journalism＂ and America＇s emergence as a imperialism power with the Spanish-American War （1898）, and note several key insights offered by recent critical analyses of that period, which together suggest a confluence of different players, including policymakers, new media business models, and what I describe as a type of public ＂corporatism＂ in which citizens, particularly Americans, function effectively as shareholders in maintaining hegemonic if not imperialist power.
