Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) intravesical instillation has been adopted in the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer.BCG-induced disseminated infection,though rare,has been associated with the histolo...Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) intravesical instillation has been adopted in the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer.BCG-induced disseminated infection,though rare,has been associated with the histological finding of epithelioid granulomas in different organs,including the liver.We report the case of an adult patient with multi-organ failure,who developed sepsis,acute respiratory failure and acute hepatic failure with encephalopathy whose liver biopsy confirmed the presence of atypical,granulomatous-like lesions.Recovery was observed only after empirical therapy for Mycobacterium bovis with isoniazid,rifampicin,ethambutol and steroids was introduced.This case highlights the importance of a thorough patient assessment in order to exclude other more common causes of hepatic granulomas and to confirm diagnosis.Histological findings may be non-specific when the liver is involved in BCGinduced disseminated infection.展开更多
Pantoe agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is an unusual cause for sepsis in immunocompetent individuals, especially in the absence of characteristic risk factors. We report one such case occurring in a farmer, manifesting w...Pantoe agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is an unusual cause for sepsis in immunocompetent individuals, especially in the absence of characteristic risk factors. We report one such case occurring in a farmer, manifesting with severe illness. The severe nature of illness and the apparently spontaneous origin of septicemia underline the pathogenic potential of this organism. When coupled with the ubiquity of the organism, there is a definite possibility that this disease may become increasingly frequent in the near future, especially in agronomic countries like India. Further studies on the epidemiology and natural history of this disease are required.展开更多
Fairness is an emerging consideration when assessing the segmentation per-formance of machine learning models across various demographic groups.During clinical decision-making,an unfair segmentation model exhibits ris...Fairness is an emerging consideration when assessing the segmentation per-formance of machine learning models across various demographic groups.During clinical decision-making,an unfair segmentation model exhibits risks in that it can pose inappropriate diagnoses and unsuitable treatment plans for underrepresented demographic groups,resulting in severe consequences for patients and society.In medical artificial intelligence(AI),the fairness of multi-organ segmentation is imperative to augment the integration of models into clinical practice.As the use of multi-organ segmentation in medical image analysis expands,it is crucial to systematically examine fairness to ensure equitable segmentation performance across diverse patient populations and ensure health equity.However,comprehensive studies assessing the problem of fairness in multi-organ segmentation remain lacking.This study aimed to provide an overview of the fairness problem in multi-organ segmentation.We first define fairness and discuss the factors that lead to fairness problems such as individual fairness,group fairness,counterfactual fairness,and max–min fairness in multi-organ segmentation,focusing mainly on datasets and models.We then present strategies to potentially improve fairness in multi-organ segmentation.Additionally,we highlight the challenges and limita-tions of existing approaches and discuss future directions for improving the fairness of AI models for clinically oriented multi-organ segmentation.展开更多
Unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation(IR)often causes acute and chronic oxidative damages to normal cells and organs,leading to serious physiological and even life-threatening consequences.Amifostine(AMF)is a val...Unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation(IR)often causes acute and chronic oxidative damages to normal cells and organs,leading to serious physiological and even life-threatening consequences.Amifostine(AMF)is a validated radioprotectant extensively applied in radiation and chemotherapy medicine,but the short half-life limits its bioavailability and clinical applications,remaining as a great challenge to be addressed.DNAassembled nanostructures especially the tetrahedral framework nucleic acids(tFNAs)are promising nanocarriers with preeminent biosafety,low biotoxicity,and high transport efficiency.The tFNAs also have a relative long-term maintenance for structural stability and excellent endocytosis capacity.We therefore synthesized a tFNA-based delivery system of AMF for multi-organ radioprotection(tFNAs@AMF,also termed nanosuit).By establishing the mice models of accidental total body irradiation(TBI)and radiotherapy model of Lewis lung cancer,we demonstrated that the nanosuit could shield normal cells from IR-induced DNA damage by regulating the molecular biomarkers of anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress.In the accidental total body irradiation(TBI)mice model,the nanosuit pretreated mice exhibited satisfactory alteration of superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents,and functional recovery of hematopoietic system,reducing IRinduced pathological damages of multi-organ and safeguarding mice from lethal radiation.More importantly,the nanosuit showed a selective radioprotection of the normal organs without interferences of tumor control in the radiotherapy model of Lewis lung cancer.Based on a conveniently available DNA tetrahedron-based nanocarrier,this work presents a high-efficiency delivery system of AMF with the prolonged half-life and enhanced radioprotection for multi-organs.Such nanosuit pioneers a promising strategy with great clinical translation potential for radioactivity protection.展开更多
With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,the research teams led by Prof.Gao Hua(高华)from Tongji University,and Prof.Filippo Giancotti at...With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,the research teams led by Prof.Gao Hua(高华)from Tongji University,and Prof.Filippo Giancotti at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,reported recently on the mechanism of multiorgan site metastatic creactivation,which was published in Cell(2016,166:47—62).展开更多
为进一步提升地铁转向架P355NL1钢材的熔化极活性气体保护(Metal active gas,MAG)多层焊焊接质量,开展了P355NL1钢地铁转向架对接接头MAG多层焊接试验,分析了对接结构的宏观及微观形貌,重点研究了每一层的焊缝及热影响区的组织,建立了...为进一步提升地铁转向架P355NL1钢材的熔化极活性气体保护(Metal active gas,MAG)多层焊焊接质量,开展了P355NL1钢地铁转向架对接接头MAG多层焊接试验,分析了对接结构的宏观及微观形貌,重点研究了每一层的焊缝及热影响区的组织,建立了对接接头MAG多层焊接模型并进行校核,探明了MAG多层焊温度场的分布规律。结果表明,在MAG多层焊接试验中,后道焊缝的热输入通过两次相变重结晶作用,破坏了前道焊缝中的柱状晶结构,此过程使得前道焊缝晶粒细化,形成了细小的铁素体晶粒和少量珠光体。双椭球热源模型可以有效模拟P355NL1钢MAG多层焊焊接过程,后道焊缝焊接时最高温度显著升高,因此在多层焊的焊接过程中,控制填充层的焊接温度对于细化晶粒组织至关重要。展开更多
安全生产事故往往由多组织交互、多因素耦合造成,事故原因涉及多个组织。为预防和遏制多组织生产安全事故的发生,基于系统理论事故建模与过程模型(Systems-Theory Accident Modeling and Process,STAMP)、24Model,构建一种用于多组织事...安全生产事故往往由多组织交互、多因素耦合造成,事故原因涉及多个组织。为预防和遏制多组织生产安全事故的发生,基于系统理论事故建模与过程模型(Systems-Theory Accident Modeling and Process,STAMP)、24Model,构建一种用于多组织事故分析的方法,并以青岛石油爆炸事故为例进行事故原因分析。结果显示:STAMP-24Model可以分组织,分层次且有效、全面、详细地分析涉及多个组织的事故原因,探究多组织之间的交互关系;对事故进行动态演化分析,可得到各组织不安全动作耦合关系与形成的事故失效链及管控失效路径,进而为预防多组织事故提供思路和参考。展开更多
Dormancy represents a fascinating adaptive strategy for organisms to survive in unforgiving environments.After a period of dormancy,organisms often exhibit exceptional resilience.This period is typically divided into ...Dormancy represents a fascinating adaptive strategy for organisms to survive in unforgiving environments.After a period of dormancy,organisms often exhibit exceptional resilience.This period is typically divided into hibernation and aestivation based on seasonal patterns.However,the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to their environments during dormancy,as well as the potential relationships between different states of dormancy,deserve further exploration.Here,we selected Perccottus glenii and Protopterus annectens as the primary subjects to study hibernation and aestivation,respectively.Based on histological and transcriptomic analysis of multiple organs,we discovered that dormancy involved a coordinated functional response across organs.Enrichment analyses revealed noteworthy disparities between the two dormant species in their responses to extreme temperatures.Notably,similarities in gene expression patterns pertaining to energy metabolism,neural activity,and biosynthesis were noted during hibernation,suggesting a potential correlation between hibernation and aestivation.To further explore the relationship between these two phenomena,we analyzed other dormancy-capable species using data from publicly available databases.This comparative analysis revealed that most orthologous genes involved in metabolism,cell proliferation,and neural function exhibited consistent expression patterns during dormancy,indicating that the observed similarity between hibernation and aestivation may be attributable to convergent evolution.In conclusion,this study enhances our comprehension of the dormancy phenomenon and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning vertebrate dormancy.展开更多
文摘Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) intravesical instillation has been adopted in the treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer.BCG-induced disseminated infection,though rare,has been associated with the histological finding of epithelioid granulomas in different organs,including the liver.We report the case of an adult patient with multi-organ failure,who developed sepsis,acute respiratory failure and acute hepatic failure with encephalopathy whose liver biopsy confirmed the presence of atypical,granulomatous-like lesions.Recovery was observed only after empirical therapy for Mycobacterium bovis with isoniazid,rifampicin,ethambutol and steroids was introduced.This case highlights the importance of a thorough patient assessment in order to exclude other more common causes of hepatic granulomas and to confirm diagnosis.Histological findings may be non-specific when the liver is involved in BCGinduced disseminated infection.
文摘Pantoe agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is an unusual cause for sepsis in immunocompetent individuals, especially in the absence of characteristic risk factors. We report one such case occurring in a farmer, manifesting with severe illness. The severe nature of illness and the apparently spontaneous origin of septicemia underline the pathogenic potential of this organism. When coupled with the ubiquity of the organism, there is a definite possibility that this disease may become increasingly frequent in the near future, especially in agronomic countries like India. Further studies on the epidemiology and natural history of this disease are required.
基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2023SHZD2X02A05National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62331021Shanghai Sailing Program,Grant/Award Numbers:20YF1402400,22YF1409300。
文摘Fairness is an emerging consideration when assessing the segmentation per-formance of machine learning models across various demographic groups.During clinical decision-making,an unfair segmentation model exhibits risks in that it can pose inappropriate diagnoses and unsuitable treatment plans for underrepresented demographic groups,resulting in severe consequences for patients and society.In medical artificial intelligence(AI),the fairness of multi-organ segmentation is imperative to augment the integration of models into clinical practice.As the use of multi-organ segmentation in medical image analysis expands,it is crucial to systematically examine fairness to ensure equitable segmentation performance across diverse patient populations and ensure health equity.However,comprehensive studies assessing the problem of fairness in multi-organ segmentation remain lacking.This study aimed to provide an overview of the fairness problem in multi-organ segmentation.We first define fairness and discuss the factors that lead to fairness problems such as individual fairness,group fairness,counterfactual fairness,and max–min fairness in multi-organ segmentation,focusing mainly on datasets and models.We then present strategies to potentially improve fairness in multi-organ segmentation.Additionally,we highlight the challenges and limita-tions of existing approaches and discuss future directions for improving the fairness of AI models for clinically oriented multi-organ segmentation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82370929)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022NSFSC0002 and 2024NSFSC3508)+4 种基金Sichuan Province Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(2022JDTD0021)Research and Develop Program,West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University(RD03202302,RCDWJS2024-1)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZB2023470)Sichuan Province Innovative Talent Funding Project for Postdoctoral Fellows(BX202317)The authors would like to thank Dr.Chenghui Li(Analytical&Testing Center,Sichuan University)for technical assistance in assisting with the particle size analysis.
文摘Unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation(IR)often causes acute and chronic oxidative damages to normal cells and organs,leading to serious physiological and even life-threatening consequences.Amifostine(AMF)is a validated radioprotectant extensively applied in radiation and chemotherapy medicine,but the short half-life limits its bioavailability and clinical applications,remaining as a great challenge to be addressed.DNAassembled nanostructures especially the tetrahedral framework nucleic acids(tFNAs)are promising nanocarriers with preeminent biosafety,low biotoxicity,and high transport efficiency.The tFNAs also have a relative long-term maintenance for structural stability and excellent endocytosis capacity.We therefore synthesized a tFNA-based delivery system of AMF for multi-organ radioprotection(tFNAs@AMF,also termed nanosuit).By establishing the mice models of accidental total body irradiation(TBI)and radiotherapy model of Lewis lung cancer,we demonstrated that the nanosuit could shield normal cells from IR-induced DNA damage by regulating the molecular biomarkers of anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress.In the accidental total body irradiation(TBI)mice model,the nanosuit pretreated mice exhibited satisfactory alteration of superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents,and functional recovery of hematopoietic system,reducing IRinduced pathological damages of multi-organ and safeguarding mice from lethal radiation.More importantly,the nanosuit showed a selective radioprotection of the normal organs without interferences of tumor control in the radiotherapy model of Lewis lung cancer.Based on a conveniently available DNA tetrahedron-based nanocarrier,this work presents a high-efficiency delivery system of AMF with the prolonged half-life and enhanced radioprotection for multi-organs.Such nanosuit pioneers a promising strategy with great clinical translation potential for radioactivity protection.
文摘With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,the research teams led by Prof.Gao Hua(高华)from Tongji University,and Prof.Filippo Giancotti at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,reported recently on the mechanism of multiorgan site metastatic creactivation,which was published in Cell(2016,166:47—62).
文摘为进一步提升地铁转向架P355NL1钢材的熔化极活性气体保护(Metal active gas,MAG)多层焊焊接质量,开展了P355NL1钢地铁转向架对接接头MAG多层焊接试验,分析了对接结构的宏观及微观形貌,重点研究了每一层的焊缝及热影响区的组织,建立了对接接头MAG多层焊接模型并进行校核,探明了MAG多层焊温度场的分布规律。结果表明,在MAG多层焊接试验中,后道焊缝的热输入通过两次相变重结晶作用,破坏了前道焊缝中的柱状晶结构,此过程使得前道焊缝晶粒细化,形成了细小的铁素体晶粒和少量珠光体。双椭球热源模型可以有效模拟P355NL1钢MAG多层焊焊接过程,后道焊缝焊接时最高温度显著升高,因此在多层焊的焊接过程中,控制填充层的焊接温度对于细化晶粒组织至关重要。
文摘针对现有方法在腹部中小器官图像分割性能方面存在的不足,提出一种基于局部和全局并行编码的网络模型用于腹部多器官图像分割.首先,设计一种提取多尺度特征信息的局部编码分支;其次,全局特征编码分支采用分块Transformer,通过块内Transformer和块间Transformer的组合,既捕获了全局的长距离依赖信息又降低了计算量;再次,设计特征融合模块,以融合来自两条编码分支的上下文信息;最后,设计解码模块,实现全局信息与局部上下文信息的交互,更好地补偿解码阶段的信息损失.在Synapse多器官CT数据集上进行实验,与目前9种先进方法相比,在平均Dice相似系数(DSC)和Hausdorff距离(HD)指标上都达到了最佳性能,分别为83.10%和17.80 mm.
文摘安全生产事故往往由多组织交互、多因素耦合造成,事故原因涉及多个组织。为预防和遏制多组织生产安全事故的发生,基于系统理论事故建模与过程模型(Systems-Theory Accident Modeling and Process,STAMP)、24Model,构建一种用于多组织事故分析的方法,并以青岛石油爆炸事故为例进行事故原因分析。结果显示:STAMP-24Model可以分组织,分层次且有效、全面、详细地分析涉及多个组织的事故原因,探究多组织之间的交互关系;对事故进行动态演化分析,可得到各组织不安全动作耦合关系与形成的事故失效链及管控失效路径,进而为预防多组织事故提供思路和参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170480,31972866)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences (http://www.yicas.cn)+1 种基金Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei ProvinceWuhan Branch,Supercomputing Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China。
文摘Dormancy represents a fascinating adaptive strategy for organisms to survive in unforgiving environments.After a period of dormancy,organisms often exhibit exceptional resilience.This period is typically divided into hibernation and aestivation based on seasonal patterns.However,the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to their environments during dormancy,as well as the potential relationships between different states of dormancy,deserve further exploration.Here,we selected Perccottus glenii and Protopterus annectens as the primary subjects to study hibernation and aestivation,respectively.Based on histological and transcriptomic analysis of multiple organs,we discovered that dormancy involved a coordinated functional response across organs.Enrichment analyses revealed noteworthy disparities between the two dormant species in their responses to extreme temperatures.Notably,similarities in gene expression patterns pertaining to energy metabolism,neural activity,and biosynthesis were noted during hibernation,suggesting a potential correlation between hibernation and aestivation.To further explore the relationship between these two phenomena,we analyzed other dormancy-capable species using data from publicly available databases.This comparative analysis revealed that most orthologous genes involved in metabolism,cell proliferation,and neural function exhibited consistent expression patterns during dormancy,indicating that the observed similarity between hibernation and aestivation may be attributable to convergent evolution.In conclusion,this study enhances our comprehension of the dormancy phenomenon and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning vertebrate dormancy.
