Frequency conversion is pivotal in nonlinear optics and quantum optics for manipulating and translating light signals across different wavelength regimes.Achieving frequency conversion between two light beams with a s...Frequency conversion is pivotal in nonlinear optics and quantum optics for manipulating and translating light signals across different wavelength regimes.Achieving frequency conversion between two light beams with a small frequency interval is a central challenge.In this work,we design a pair of coupled silicon microrings wherein coupled-induced modesplitting exists to achieve a small frequency shift by the process of four-wave mixing Bragg scattering.As an example,the signal can be up or down converted to the idler which is 15.5 GHz spaced when two pumps align with another pair of split resonances.The results unveil the potential of coupled microring resonators for small interval frequency conversion in a high-fidelity,all-optical,and signal processing quantum frequency interface.展开更多
Monolithic white-light-emitting diodes(white LEDs) without phosphors are demonstrated using In GaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs) grown on GaN microrings formed by selective area epitaxy on SiO_2 mask patterns. The...Monolithic white-light-emitting diodes(white LEDs) without phosphors are demonstrated using In GaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs) grown on GaN microrings formed by selective area epitaxy on SiO_2 mask patterns. The microring structure is composed of {1-101} semi-polar facets and a(0001) c-plane, attributed to favorable surface polarity and surface energy. The white light is realized by combining short and long wavelengths of electroluminescence emissions from In GaN /GaN MQWs on the {1-101} semi-polar facets and the(0001) c-plane,respectively. The change in the emission wavelengths from each microfacet is due to the In composition variations of the MQWs. These results suggest that white emission can possibly be obtained without using phosphors by combining emission light from microstructures.展开更多
Optical network-on-chip(ONoC) systems have emerged as a promising solution to overcome limitations of traditional electronic interconnects. Efficient ONoC architectures rely on optical routers, enabling high-speed dat...Optical network-on-chip(ONoC) systems have emerged as a promising solution to overcome limitations of traditional electronic interconnects. Efficient ONoC architectures rely on optical routers, enabling high-speed data transfer, efficient routing, and scalability. This paper presents a comprehensive survey analyzing optical router designs, specifically microring resonators(MRRs), Mach-Zehnder interferometers(MZIs), and hybrid architectures. Selected comparison criteria, chosen for their critical importance, significantly impact router functionality and performance. By emphasizing these criteria, valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of different designs are gained, facilitating informed decisions and advancements in optical networking. While other factors contribute to performance and efficiency, the chosen criteria consistently address fundamental elements, enabling meaningful evaluation. This work serves as a valuable resource for beginners, providing a solid foundation in understanding ONoC and optical routers. It also offers an in-depth survey for experts, laying the groundwork for further exploration. Additionally, the importance of considering design constraints and requirements when selecting an optimal router design is highlighted. Continued research and innovation will enable the development of efficient optical router solutions that meet the evolving needs of modern computing systems. This survey underscores the significance of ongoing advancements in the field and their potential impact on future technologies.展开更多
A ring-shaped focus, such as a focused vortex beam, has played an important role in microfabrication and optical tweezers.The shape and diameter of the ring-shaped focus can be easily adjusted by the topological charg...A ring-shaped focus, such as a focused vortex beam, has played an important role in microfabrication and optical tweezers.The shape and diameter of the ring-shaped focus can be easily adjusted by the topological charge of the vortex. However,the flow energy is also related to the topological charge, making the individual control of diameter and flow energy of the vortex beam impossible. Meanwhile, the shape of the focus of the vortex beam remains in the hollow ring. Expanding the shape of focus of structural light broadens the applications of the vortex beam in the field of microfabrication. Here, we proposed a ring-shaped focus with controllable gaps by multiplexing the vortex beam and annular beam. The multiplexed beam has several advantages, such as the diameter and flow energy of the focal point can be individually controlled and are not affected by the zero-order beam, and the gap size and position are controllable.展开更多
A compact on-chip reconfigurable multichannel amplitude equalizer based on cascaded elliptical microrings is proposed and demonstrated experimentally.With the optimized structure of the elliptical microring with adiab...A compact on-chip reconfigurable multichannel amplitude equalizer based on cascaded elliptical microrings is proposed and demonstrated experimentally.With the optimized structure of the elliptical microring with adiabatically varied radii/widths,the average excess loss for each channel in the initialized state is measured to be less than 0.5 d B,while the attenuation dynamic range can be over 20 d B.Flexible tunability through the overlapping of the resonance peaks of adjacent wavelength-channels enables even higher attenuation dynamic ranges up to50 d B.Leveraging the thermo-optic effect and fine wavelength-tuning linearity,precise tuning of the resonance peak can be implemented,enabling dynamic power equalization of each wavelength-channel in wavelengthdivision-multiplexing(WDM)systems and optical frequency combs.The proposed architecture exhibits excellent scalability,which can facilitate the development of long-haul optical transport networks and high-capacity neuromorphic computing systems,while improving the overall performance of optical signals in WDM-related systems.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infected patients have an almost 100-fold increased risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). HCC is the fifth most common and third most deadly cancer worldwide. Up to 50% of newly...Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infected patients have an almost 100-fold increased risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). HCC is the fifth most common and third most deadly cancer worldwide. Up to 50% of newly diagnosed HCC cases are attributed to HBV infection. Early detection improves survival and can be achieved through regular screening. Six-monthly abdominal ultrasound, either alone or in combination with alphafetoprotein serum levels, has been widely endorsed for this purpose. Both techniques however yield limited diagnostic accuracy, which is not improved when they are combined. Alternative circulating or histological markers to predict or diagnose HCC are therefore urgently needed. Recent advances in systems biology technologies have enabled the identification of several new putative circulating biomarkers. Although results from studies assessing combinations of these biomarkers are promising, evidence for their clinical utility remains low. In addition, most of the studies conducted so far show limitations in design. Attention must be paid for instance to different ethnicities and different etiologies when studying biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. This review provides an overview on the current understandings and recent progress in the field of diagnostic and predictive circulating biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected HBV patients and discusses the future prospects.展开更多
Pancreatic cancer is an extremely aggressive disease; although progress has been made in the last few years, the prognosis of these patients remains dismal. FOLFIRINOX is now considered a standard treatment in first-l...Pancreatic cancer is an extremely aggressive disease; although progress has been made in the last few years, the prognosis of these patients remains dismal. FOLFIRINOX is now considered a standard treatment in first-line setting, since it demonstrated an improved overall and progression-free survival vs gemcitabine alone. However, the enthusiasm over the benefit of this three-drug regimen is tempered by the associated increased toxicity profile, and many efforts have been made to improve the feasibility of this schedule. After a more recent phase Ⅲ trial showing an improved outcome over gemcitabine, the combination of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel emerged as another standard first-line treatment. However, this treatment is also associated with more side effects. In addition, despite initial promising data on the predictive role of SPARClevels, recent studies showed that these levels are not associated with nab-paclitaxel efficacy. The choice to use this treatment over FOLFIRINOX is therefore a topic of debate, also because no validated biomarkers to guide FOLFIRINOX treatment are available. In the era of actionable mutations and target agents it would be desirable to identify molecular factors or biomarkers to predict response to therapy in order to maximize the efficacy of treatment and avoid useless toxic effects for non-responding patients. However, until today the milestone of treatment for pancreatic cancer remains chemotherapy combinations, without predictive or monitoring tools existing to optimize therapy. This review analyzes the state-of-the-art treatments, promises and limitations of targeted therapies, ongoing trials and future perspectives, including potential role of microR NAs as predictive biomarkers.展开更多
A modulator is an essential building block in the integrated photonics,connecting the electrical with optical signals.The microring modulator gains much attention because of the small footprint,low drive voltage and h...A modulator is an essential building block in the integrated photonics,connecting the electrical with optical signals.The microring modulator gains much attention because of the small footprint,low drive voltage and high extinction ratio.An ultra-low V_(pp)and high-modulation-depth indium phosphide-based racetrack microring modulator is demonstrated in this paper.The proposed device mainly comprises one racetrack microring,incorporating a semiconductor amplifier,and coupling with a bus waveguide through a multimode interference coupler.Traveling wave electrodes are employed to supply bidirectional bias ports,terminating with a 50-Ω impedance.The on/off extinction ratio of the microring reaches 43.3 dB due to the delicately tuning of the gain.An 11 mV V_(pp),a maximum 42.5 dB modulation depth and a 6.6 GHz bandwidth are realized,respectively.This proposed microring modulator could enrich the functionalities and designability of the fundamental integrated devices.展开更多
We propose a novel high-performance digital optical sensor based on the Mach-Zehnder interferential effect and the dual-microring resonators with the waveguide-coupled feedback. The simulation results show that the se...We propose a novel high-performance digital optical sensor based on the Mach-Zehnder interferential effect and the dual-microring resonators with the waveguide-coupled feedback. The simulation results show that the sensitivity of the sensor can be orders of magnitude higher than that of aconventional sensor, and high quality factor is not critical in it. Moreover, by optimizing the length of the feedback waveguide to be equal to the perimeter of the ring, the measurement range of the proposed sensor is twice as much as that of the conventional sensor in the weak coupling case.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of microR NA on insulinlike growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) and hence on insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) bioavailability in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Bioinfor...AIM: To investigate the effect of microR NA on insulinlike growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) and hence on insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) bioavailability in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Bioinformatic analysis was performed using microrna.org, DIANA lab and Segal lab softwares. Total RNA was extracted from 23 HCC and 10 healthy liver tissues using mir Vana mi RNA Isolation Kit. microR NA-17-5p(miR-17-5p) expression was mimicked and antagonized in Hu H-7 cell lines using Hi Per Fect Transfection Reagent, then total RNA was extracted using Biozol reagent then reverse transcribed into cD NA followed by quantification of mi R-17-5p and IGFBP-3 expression using Taq Man real-time quantitative PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the binding of miR-17-5p to the 3'UTR of IGFBP-3. Free IGF-Ⅱ protein was measured in transfected Hu H-7 cells using IGF-Ⅱ ELISA kit. RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis revealed IGFBP-3 as a potential target for miR-17-5p. Screening of miR-17-5p and IGFBP-3 revealed a moderate negative correlation in HCC patients, where mi R-17-5p was extensively underexpressed in HCC tissues(P = 0.0012), while IGFBP-3 showed significant upregulation in the same set of patients(P = 0.0041) compared to healthy donors. Forcing mi R-17-5p expression in Hu H-7 cell lines showed a significant downregulation of IGFBP-3 mR NA expression(P = 0.0267) and a significant increase in free IGF-Ⅱ protein(P = 0.0339) compared to mock untransfected cells using unpaired t-test. Luciferase assay validated IGFBP-3 as a direct target of mi R-17-5p; luciferase activity was inhibited by 27.5% in cells co-transfected with miR-17-5p mimics and the construct harboring the wild-type binding region 2 of IGFBP-3 compared to cells transfected with this construct alone(P = 0.0474).CONCLUSION: These data suggest that regulating IGF-Ⅱ bioavailability and hence HCC progression can be achieved through targeting IGFBP-3 via manipulating the expression of miR NAs.展开更多
This paper investigated the design and the characterization of a photonic delay line based on passive cascaded silicon-on-insulator （SOI） microrings. We considered the compromise of group delay, bandwidth and insert...This paper investigated the design and the characterization of a photonic delay line based on passive cascaded silicon-on-insulator （SOI） microrings. We considered the compromise of group delay, bandwidth and insertion loss. A 3-stage double channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonator （SCISSOR） device was optimized by shifting the resonance of each microring and fabricated with electron beam lithography and dry etching. The group delay was measured to be 17 ps for non-return-to-zero signals at different bit rates and the bandwidth of 78 GHz was achieved. The experiment result agreed well with our simulation.展开更多
Lens-like vaterite CaCO3 microrings composed of CaCO3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a microemulsion-mediated route at room temperature with ethanol and n-hexanol as co-surfactant. This process did not demand any ...Lens-like vaterite CaCO3 microrings composed of CaCO3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a microemulsion-mediated route at room temperature with ethanol and n-hexanol as co-surfactant. This process did not demand any additional energy such as heating or continuous agitation. It was the first time to use ethanol as co-surfactant in the synthesis of micro or nanomaterials. And the ethanol was believed to play an important role in the aggregation fashion of CaCO3 nanoparticles. Moreover, shuttle-shaped nanorods, hexagonal nanoplates, and rice-like nanoparticles were also fabricated by modulating the growth parameters. Additionally, the introduce of ethanol into microemulsions as co-surfactant may be generalized as a novel green route to control the structure of other functional materials.展开更多
Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs), a newly discovered class of nc RNA molecules, have been widely accepted as crucial regulators of various diseases including cancer. Increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that ...Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs), a newly discovered class of nc RNA molecules, have been widely accepted as crucial regulators of various diseases including cancer. Increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that lnc RNAs are involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as cell cycle progression, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and posttranscriptional processing. Aberrant expression of lnc RNAs frequently occurs in gastrointestinal cancer and plays emerging roles in cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on and outline the regulatory functions of recently identified metastasis-associated lnc RNAs, and evaluate the p o t e n t i a l r o l e s o f l n c R N A s a s n o v e l d i a g n o s t i c biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer.展开更多
To improve the output characteristics of all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)-interleaver,a dual microring-assisted MZI interleaver is designed.According to its structure,the output expression of the device is d...To improve the output characteristics of all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)-interleaver,a dual microring-assisted MZI interleaver is designed.According to its structure,the output expression of the device is derived from the signal flow diagram.After simulation analysis,the optimal structural parameters during the transmission process are obtained.In addition,the coupling coefficient and transmission loss of the coupler are analyzed.The results show that the improved interleaver output line wave is closer to the square wave,and its 25 dB cutoff band bandwidth and 0.5 dB passband bandwidth are significantly improved,with the values of 41.2 GHz and 18.9 GHz,respectively.The device has a certain resistantability to deviation,and the transmission loss has less influence on the extinction characteristics of the filter.展开更多
Silicon nitride(Si3N4)waveguides with high confinement and low loss have been widely used in integrated nonlinear photonics.Indeed,state-of-the-art ultralow-loss Si3N4 waveguides are all fabricated using complex fabri...Silicon nitride(Si3N4)waveguides with high confinement and low loss have been widely used in integrated nonlinear photonics.Indeed,state-of-the-art ultralow-loss Si3N4 waveguides are all fabricated using complex fabrication processes,and all of those reported that high Q microring resonators(MRRs)are fabricated in laboratories.We propose and demonstrate an ultralow-loss Si3N4 racetrack MRR by shaping the mode using a uniform multimode structure to reduce its overlap with the waveguide.The MRR is fabricated by the standard multi project wafer(MPW)foundry process.It consists of two multimode straight waveguides(MSWs)connected by two multimode waveguide bends(MWBs).In particular,the MWBs are based on modified Euler bends,and an MSW directional coupler is used to avoid higher-order mode excitation.In this way,although a multimode waveguide is used in the MRR,only the fundamental mode is excited and transmitted with ultralow loss.Meanwhile,thanks to the 180 deg Euler bend,a compact chip footprint of 2.226 mm perimeter with an effective radius as small as 195μm and a waveguide width of 3μm is achieved.Results show that based on the widely used MPW process,a propagation loss of only 3.3 dB∕m and a mean intrinsic Q of around 10.8 million are achieved for the first time.展开更多
A high-performance microring resonator in a silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide is realized by using the electron beam lithography followed by inductively coupled plasma etching. The design and the experimental realiza...A high-performance microring resonator in a silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide is realized by using the electron beam lithography followed by inductively coupled plasma etching. The design and the experimental realization of this device are presented in detail. In addition to improving relevant processes to minimize propagation loss, the coupling efficiency between the ring and the bus is carefully chosen to approach a critical coupling for high performance operating. We have measured a quality factor of 21,200 and an extinction ratio of 12.SdB at a resonant wavelength of 1549.32nm. Meanwhile, a low propagation loss of 0.89dB/mm in a curved waveguide with a bending radius of 40μm is demonstrated as well.展开更多
We designed a reconfigurable dual-interferometer coupled silicon nitride microring resonator.By tuning the integrated heater on interferometer's arms,the"critical coupling"bandwidth of resonant mode is c...We designed a reconfigurable dual-interferometer coupled silicon nitride microring resonator.By tuning the integrated heater on interferometer's arms,the"critical coupling"bandwidth of resonant mode is continuously adjustable whose quality factor varies from 7.9×10^(4) to 1.9×10^(5) with the extinction ratio keeping higher than 25 dB.Also a variety of coupling spanning from"under-coupling"to"over-coupling"were achieved,showing the ability to tune the quality factor from 6.0×10^(3) to 2.3×10^(5).Our design can provide an adjustable filtering method on silicon nitride photonic chip and contribute to optimize the nonlinear process for quantum photonics and all-optical signal processing.展开更多
A compact and fabrication friendly polarization demultiplexer(P-DEMUX) is proposed and characterized to enable wavelength-division-multiplexing and polarization-division-multiplexing simultaneously. The proposed struc...A compact and fabrication friendly polarization demultiplexer(P-DEMUX) is proposed and characterized to enable wavelength-division-multiplexing and polarization-division-multiplexing simultaneously. The proposed structure is composed of a polarization-selective microring resonator in ultrathin waveguide and two bus channels in the silicon nitridesilica-silicon horizontal slot waveguides. In the slot waveguide, the transverse electric(TE) mode propagates through the silicon layer, while the transverse magnetic(TM) mode is confined in the slot region. In the designed ultra-thin waveguide, the TM mode is cut-off. The effective indexes of the TE modes for ultrathin and slot waveguides have comparable values. Thanks for these distinguishing features, the input TE mode can be efficiently filtered through the ultra-thin microring at the resonant wavelength, while the TM mode can directly output from the through port. Simulation results show that the extinction ratio of the proposed P-DEMUX for TE and TM modes are 33.21 dB and 24.97 dB, and the insertion losses are 0.346 dB and 0.324 dB, respectively, at the wavelength of 1551.64 nm. Furthermore, the device shows a broad bandwidth(> 100 nm) for an extinction ratio(ER) of > 20 dB. In addition, the proposed P-DEMUX also has a good fabrication tolerance for the waveguide width variation of-20 nm≤ △w_(g)≤ 20 nm and the microring width variation of -20 nm≤ △w_(r) ≤20 nm for a low insertion loss of < 0.75 dB and low ER of <-18 dB.展开更多
On the silicon-on-insulator platform, an ultra compact temperature-insensitive modulator based on a cascaded microring assistant Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed and demonstrated with numerical simulation. Acco...On the silicon-on-insulator platform, an ultra compact temperature-insensitive modulator based on a cascaded microring assistant Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed and demonstrated with numerical simulation. According to the calculated results, the tolerated variation of ambient temperature can be as high as 134 ℃ while the footprint of such a silicon modulator is only 340 μm2.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0712800)。
文摘Frequency conversion is pivotal in nonlinear optics and quantum optics for manipulating and translating light signals across different wavelength regimes.Achieving frequency conversion between two light beams with a small frequency interval is a central challenge.In this work,we design a pair of coupled silicon microrings wherein coupled-induced modesplitting exists to achieve a small frequency shift by the process of four-wave mixing Bragg scattering.As an example,the signal can be up or down converted to the idler which is 15.5 GHz spaced when two pumps align with another pair of split resonances.The results unveil the potential of coupled microring resonators for small interval frequency conversion in a high-fidelity,all-optical,and signal processing quantum frequency interface.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos. BK20150158, BK2011436, and BM2014402)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2014M561623 and 2014M551559)+1 种基金Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (No. 1401013B)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Nos. JUSRP51517 and JUSRP11408)
文摘Monolithic white-light-emitting diodes(white LEDs) without phosphors are demonstrated using In GaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs) grown on GaN microrings formed by selective area epitaxy on SiO_2 mask patterns. The microring structure is composed of {1-101} semi-polar facets and a(0001) c-plane, attributed to favorable surface polarity and surface energy. The white light is realized by combining short and long wavelengths of electroluminescence emissions from In GaN /GaN MQWs on the {1-101} semi-polar facets and the(0001) c-plane,respectively. The change in the emission wavelengths from each microfacet is due to the In composition variations of the MQWs. These results suggest that white emission can possibly be obtained without using phosphors by combining emission light from microstructures.
文摘Optical network-on-chip(ONoC) systems have emerged as a promising solution to overcome limitations of traditional electronic interconnects. Efficient ONoC architectures rely on optical routers, enabling high-speed data transfer, efficient routing, and scalability. This paper presents a comprehensive survey analyzing optical router designs, specifically microring resonators(MRRs), Mach-Zehnder interferometers(MZIs), and hybrid architectures. Selected comparison criteria, chosen for their critical importance, significantly impact router functionality and performance. By emphasizing these criteria, valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of different designs are gained, facilitating informed decisions and advancements in optical networking. While other factors contribute to performance and efficiency, the chosen criteria consistently address fundamental elements, enabling meaningful evaluation. This work serves as a valuable resource for beginners, providing a solid foundation in understanding ONoC and optical routers. It also offers an in-depth survey for experts, laying the groundwork for further exploration. Additionally, the importance of considering design constraints and requirements when selecting an optimal router design is highlighted. Continued research and innovation will enable the development of efficient optical router solutions that meet the evolving needs of modern computing systems. This survey underscores the significance of ongoing advancements in the field and their potential impact on future technologies.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62005262 and 51875160)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.PA2020GDSK0077 and PA2020GDKC0010)。
文摘A ring-shaped focus, such as a focused vortex beam, has played an important role in microfabrication and optical tweezers.The shape and diameter of the ring-shaped focus can be easily adjusted by the topological charge of the vortex. However,the flow energy is also related to the topological charge, making the individual control of diameter and flow energy of the vortex beam impossible. Meanwhile, the shape of the focus of the vortex beam remains in the hollow ring. Expanding the shape of focus of structural light broadens the applications of the vortex beam in the field of microfabrication. Here, we proposed a ring-shaped focus with controllable gaps by multiplexing the vortex beam and annular beam. The multiplexed beam has several advantages, such as the diameter and flow energy of the focal point can be individually controlled and are not affected by the zero-order beam, and the gap size and position are controllable.
基金National Major Research and Development Program(2021YFB2801700,2021YFB2801702)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(61725503)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61961146003,62105283,91950205,92150302)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD19F050001)Zhejiang Provincial Major Research and Development Program(2021C01199)Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2021R01001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021QNA5002)。
文摘A compact on-chip reconfigurable multichannel amplitude equalizer based on cascaded elliptical microrings is proposed and demonstrated experimentally.With the optimized structure of the elliptical microring with adiabatically varied radii/widths,the average excess loss for each channel in the initialized state is measured to be less than 0.5 d B,while the attenuation dynamic range can be over 20 d B.Flexible tunability through the overlapping of the resonance peaks of adjacent wavelength-channels enables even higher attenuation dynamic ranges up to50 d B.Leveraging the thermo-optic effect and fine wavelength-tuning linearity,precise tuning of the resonance peak can be implemented,enabling dynamic power equalization of each wavelength-channel in wavelengthdivision-multiplexing(WDM)systems and optical frequency combs.The proposed architecture exhibits excellent scalability,which can facilitate the development of long-haul optical transport networks and high-capacity neuromorphic computing systems,while improving the overall performance of optical signals in WDM-related systems.
基金Supported by Foundation Against Cancer Belgium,No.2014-087
文摘Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infected patients have an almost 100-fold increased risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). HCC is the fifth most common and third most deadly cancer worldwide. Up to 50% of newly diagnosed HCC cases are attributed to HBV infection. Early detection improves survival and can be achieved through regular screening. Six-monthly abdominal ultrasound, either alone or in combination with alphafetoprotein serum levels, has been widely endorsed for this purpose. Both techniques however yield limited diagnostic accuracy, which is not improved when they are combined. Alternative circulating or histological markers to predict or diagnose HCC are therefore urgently needed. Recent advances in systems biology technologies have enabled the identification of several new putative circulating biomarkers. Although results from studies assessing combinations of these biomarkers are promising, evidence for their clinical utility remains low. In addition, most of the studies conducted so far show limitations in design. Attention must be paid for instance to different ethnicities and different etiologies when studying biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. This review provides an overview on the current understandings and recent progress in the field of diagnostic and predictive circulating biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronically infected HBV patients and discusses the future prospects.
基金Supported by AIRC/Start-Up(to Giovannetti E)Istituto Toscano Tumori ITT-2011(to Caparello C,Funel N,Vasile E and Giovannetti E)+2 种基金Regione Toscana“Fas Salute”(to Funel N and Giovannetti E)Bennink Foundation(to Meijer LL,Le Large TY,Giovannetti E and Kazemier G)CCA Foundation(to Giovannetti E)
文摘Pancreatic cancer is an extremely aggressive disease; although progress has been made in the last few years, the prognosis of these patients remains dismal. FOLFIRINOX is now considered a standard treatment in first-line setting, since it demonstrated an improved overall and progression-free survival vs gemcitabine alone. However, the enthusiasm over the benefit of this three-drug regimen is tempered by the associated increased toxicity profile, and many efforts have been made to improve the feasibility of this schedule. After a more recent phase Ⅲ trial showing an improved outcome over gemcitabine, the combination of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel emerged as another standard first-line treatment. However, this treatment is also associated with more side effects. In addition, despite initial promising data on the predictive role of SPARClevels, recent studies showed that these levels are not associated with nab-paclitaxel efficacy. The choice to use this treatment over FOLFIRINOX is therefore a topic of debate, also because no validated biomarkers to guide FOLFIRINOX treatment are available. In the era of actionable mutations and target agents it would be desirable to identify molecular factors or biomarkers to predict response to therapy in order to maximize the efficacy of treatment and avoid useless toxic effects for non-responding patients. However, until today the milestone of treatment for pancreatic cancer remains chemotherapy combinations, without predictive or monitoring tools existing to optimize therapy. This review analyzes the state-of-the-art treatments, promises and limitations of targeted therapies, ongoing trials and future perspectives, including potential role of microR NAs as predictive biomarkers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61535012,61925505)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB2201900)。
文摘A modulator is an essential building block in the integrated photonics,connecting the electrical with optical signals.The microring modulator gains much attention because of the small footprint,low drive voltage and high extinction ratio.An ultra-low V_(pp)and high-modulation-depth indium phosphide-based racetrack microring modulator is demonstrated in this paper.The proposed device mainly comprises one racetrack microring,incorporating a semiconductor amplifier,and coupling with a bus waveguide through a multimode interference coupler.Traveling wave electrodes are employed to supply bidirectional bias ports,terminating with a 50-Ω impedance.The on/off extinction ratio of the microring reaches 43.3 dB due to the delicately tuning of the gain.An 11 mV V_(pp),a maximum 42.5 dB modulation depth and a 6.6 GHz bandwidth are realized,respectively.This proposed microring modulator could enrich the functionalities and designability of the fundamental integrated devices.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB327601)
文摘We propose a novel high-performance digital optical sensor based on the Mach-Zehnder interferential effect and the dual-microring resonators with the waveguide-coupled feedback. The simulation results show that the sensitivity of the sensor can be orders of magnitude higher than that of aconventional sensor, and high quality factor is not critical in it. Moreover, by optimizing the length of the feedback waveguide to be equal to the perimeter of the ring, the measurement range of the proposed sensor is twice as much as that of the conventional sensor in the weak coupling case.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of microR NA on insulinlike growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) and hence on insulin-like growth factor-Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) bioavailability in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: Bioinformatic analysis was performed using microrna.org, DIANA lab and Segal lab softwares. Total RNA was extracted from 23 HCC and 10 healthy liver tissues using mir Vana mi RNA Isolation Kit. microR NA-17-5p(miR-17-5p) expression was mimicked and antagonized in Hu H-7 cell lines using Hi Per Fect Transfection Reagent, then total RNA was extracted using Biozol reagent then reverse transcribed into cD NA followed by quantification of mi R-17-5p and IGFBP-3 expression using Taq Man real-time quantitative PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the binding of miR-17-5p to the 3'UTR of IGFBP-3. Free IGF-Ⅱ protein was measured in transfected Hu H-7 cells using IGF-Ⅱ ELISA kit. RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis revealed IGFBP-3 as a potential target for miR-17-5p. Screening of miR-17-5p and IGFBP-3 revealed a moderate negative correlation in HCC patients, where mi R-17-5p was extensively underexpressed in HCC tissues(P = 0.0012), while IGFBP-3 showed significant upregulation in the same set of patients(P = 0.0041) compared to healthy donors. Forcing mi R-17-5p expression in Hu H-7 cell lines showed a significant downregulation of IGFBP-3 mR NA expression(P = 0.0267) and a significant increase in free IGF-Ⅱ protein(P = 0.0339) compared to mock untransfected cells using unpaired t-test. Luciferase assay validated IGFBP-3 as a direct target of mi R-17-5p; luciferase activity was inhibited by 27.5% in cells co-transfected with miR-17-5p mimics and the construct harboring the wild-type binding region 2 of IGFBP-3 compared to cells transfected with this construct alone(P = 0.0474).CONCLUSION: These data suggest that regulating IGF-Ⅱ bioavailability and hence HCC progression can be achieved through targeting IGFBP-3 via manipulating the expression of miR NAs.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos.2006CB302803 and 2011CB301701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60877036)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks of China (Grant No.2008SH02)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.ISCAS2008T10)
文摘This paper investigated the design and the characterization of a photonic delay line based on passive cascaded silicon-on-insulator （SOI） microrings. We considered the compromise of group delay, bandwidth and insertion loss. A 3-stage double channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonator （SCISSOR） device was optimized by shifting the resonance of each microring and fabricated with electron beam lithography and dry etching. The group delay was measured to be 17 ps for non-return-to-zero signals at different bit rates and the bandwidth of 78 GHz was achieved. The experiment result agreed well with our simulation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20573017)the Natural Science Young Foundation of Northeast Normal University, China(No.20080303)the Analysis and Testing Foundation of Northeast Normal University,China
文摘Lens-like vaterite CaCO3 microrings composed of CaCO3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a microemulsion-mediated route at room temperature with ethanol and n-hexanol as co-surfactant. This process did not demand any additional energy such as heating or continuous agitation. It was the first time to use ethanol as co-surfactant in the synthesis of micro or nanomaterials. And the ethanol was believed to play an important role in the aggregation fashion of CaCO3 nanoparticles. Moreover, shuttle-shaped nanorods, hexagonal nanoplates, and rice-like nanoparticles were also fabricated by modulating the growth parameters. Additionally, the introduce of ethanol into microemulsions as co-surfactant may be generalized as a novel green route to control the structure of other functional materials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81272762 and No.81201635the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar,No.S20120011334
文摘Long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs), a newly discovered class of nc RNA molecules, have been widely accepted as crucial regulators of various diseases including cancer. Increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that lnc RNAs are involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as cell cycle progression, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and posttranscriptional processing. Aberrant expression of lnc RNAs frequently occurs in gastrointestinal cancer and plays emerging roles in cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on and outline the regulatory functions of recently identified metastasis-associated lnc RNAs, and evaluate the p o t e n t i a l r o l e s o f l n c R N A s a s n o v e l d i a g n o s t i c biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61461024)Foundation of a Hundred Youth Talent Training Program of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(No.1520220232)。
文摘To improve the output characteristics of all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)-interleaver,a dual microring-assisted MZI interleaver is designed.According to its structure,the output expression of the device is derived from the signal flow diagram.After simulation analysis,the optimal structural parameters during the transmission process are obtained.In addition,the coupling coefficient and transmission loss of the coupler are analyzed.The results show that the improved interleaver output line wave is closer to the square wave,and its 25 dB cutoff band bandwidth and 0.5 dB passband bandwidth are significantly improved,with the values of 41.2 GHz and 18.9 GHz,respectively.The device has a certain resistantability to deviation,and the transmission loss has less influence on the extinction characteristics of the filter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61975249)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0704403)the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(Grant No.2018QYTD08).
文摘Silicon nitride(Si3N4)waveguides with high confinement and low loss have been widely used in integrated nonlinear photonics.Indeed,state-of-the-art ultralow-loss Si3N4 waveguides are all fabricated using complex fabrication processes,and all of those reported that high Q microring resonators(MRRs)are fabricated in laboratories.We propose and demonstrate an ultralow-loss Si3N4 racetrack MRR by shaping the mode using a uniform multimode structure to reduce its overlap with the waveguide.The MRR is fabricated by the standard multi project wafer(MPW)foundry process.It consists of two multimode straight waveguides(MSWs)connected by two multimode waveguide bends(MWBs).In particular,the MWBs are based on modified Euler bends,and an MSW directional coupler is used to avoid higher-order mode excitation.In this way,although a multimode waveguide is used in the MRR,only the fundamental mode is excited and transmitted with ultralow loss.Meanwhile,thanks to the 180 deg Euler bend,a compact chip footprint of 2.226 mm perimeter with an effective radius as small as 195μm and a waveguide width of 3μm is achieved.Results show that based on the widely used MPW process,a propagation loss of only 3.3 dB∕m and a mean intrinsic Q of around 10.8 million are achieved for the first time.
基金supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant Nos 2006CB302803 and2007CB613405)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No 2006AA03Z424)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60577044)
文摘A high-performance microring resonator in a silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide is realized by using the electron beam lithography followed by inductively coupled plasma etching. The design and the experimental realization of this device are presented in detail. In addition to improving relevant processes to minimize propagation loss, the coupling efficiency between the ring and the bus is carefully chosen to approach a critical coupling for high performance operating. We have measured a quality factor of 21,200 and an extinction ratio of 12.SdB at a resonant wavelength of 1549.32nm. Meanwhile, a low propagation loss of 0.89dB/mm in a curved waveguide with a bending radius of 40μm is demonstrated as well.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2019YFA0308700and 2017YFA0303700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11627810 and 11690031)the Open Funds from the State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing of China(HPCL,National University of Defense Technology).
文摘We designed a reconfigurable dual-interferometer coupled silicon nitride microring resonator.By tuning the integrated heater on interferometer's arms,the"critical coupling"bandwidth of resonant mode is continuously adjustable whose quality factor varies from 7.9×10^(4) to 1.9×10^(5) with the extinction ratio keeping higher than 25 dB.Also a variety of coupling spanning from"under-coupling"to"over-coupling"were achieved,showing the ability to tune the quality factor from 6.0×10^(3) to 2.3×10^(5).Our design can provide an adjustable filtering method on silicon nitride photonic chip and contribute to optimize the nonlinear process for quantum photonics and all-optical signal processing.
基金Project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61804148)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFB2200202)。
文摘A compact and fabrication friendly polarization demultiplexer(P-DEMUX) is proposed and characterized to enable wavelength-division-multiplexing and polarization-division-multiplexing simultaneously. The proposed structure is composed of a polarization-selective microring resonator in ultrathin waveguide and two bus channels in the silicon nitridesilica-silicon horizontal slot waveguides. In the slot waveguide, the transverse electric(TE) mode propagates through the silicon layer, while the transverse magnetic(TM) mode is confined in the slot region. In the designed ultra-thin waveguide, the TM mode is cut-off. The effective indexes of the TE modes for ultrathin and slot waveguides have comparable values. Thanks for these distinguishing features, the input TE mode can be efficiently filtered through the ultra-thin microring at the resonant wavelength, while the TM mode can directly output from the through port. Simulation results show that the extinction ratio of the proposed P-DEMUX for TE and TM modes are 33.21 dB and 24.97 dB, and the insertion losses are 0.346 dB and 0.324 dB, respectively, at the wavelength of 1551.64 nm. Furthermore, the device shows a broad bandwidth(> 100 nm) for an extinction ratio(ER) of > 20 dB. In addition, the proposed P-DEMUX also has a good fabrication tolerance for the waveguide width variation of-20 nm≤ △w_(g)≤ 20 nm and the microring width variation of -20 nm≤ △w_(r) ≤20 nm for a low insertion loss of < 0.75 dB and low ER of <-18 dB.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2011CBA00608,2011CBA00303,2011CB301803, and 2010CB327405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61036011 and 61036010)the Project of Science and Technology from the Communication Information Security Control Laboratory
文摘On the silicon-on-insulator platform, an ultra compact temperature-insensitive modulator based on a cascaded microring assistant Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed and demonstrated with numerical simulation. According to the calculated results, the tolerated variation of ambient temperature can be as high as 134 ℃ while the footprint of such a silicon modulator is only 340 μm2.
