This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormones in meat sheep and to determine the optimum do...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormones in meat sheep and to determine the optimum dosage of Allium mongolicum Regel flavonoids to add to the basal diet of dry lotfeeding meat sheep. Sixty meat sheep(initial body weight = 39.9 ± 3.2 kg; 6-month-old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups(15 sheep per group). The sheep in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the 3 experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with flavonoids at 11.22 and 33 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein at d 0.15, 30, 45, and 60 to determine the neuroendocrine hormone levels. The fasting weight of the sheep was measured during the experimental period, and feed offered and refusals were recorded daily. The basal diet supplemented with flavonoids from 11 to 33 mg/kg significantly increased the daily weight gain and average daily feed intake(P<0.05) and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio(P<0.05), but there were no differences among the supplementation groups(P>0.05). Starting on d 30, the growth hormone(GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)levels in the sera of the sheep in the supplementation groups increased significantly(P<0.05), and the increases occurred in a time-dependent manner. Compared with control group, after d 30, the serum corticosterone(CORT) levels were reduced in the sheep that consumed the basal diet supplemented with22 mg/kg flavonoids(P<0.05), but among the other experimental groups, there was a non-significant effect(P>0.05). The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) levels were increased by the supplementation of flavonoids, but compared with the control group, the effect was not significant. The basal diet supplemented with flavonoids at levels from 11 to 33 mg/kg had a significant effect on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormone levels of meat sheep, and the effect occurred in a time-dependent manner. The effect was especially obvious after 30 d of feeding.展开更多
Changing markets and evolving consumer demand present new challenges for the beef and sheep industries. In response, the industry has been investing in innovations to deliver new products and management systems to con...Changing markets and evolving consumer demand present new challenges for the beef and sheep industries. In response, the industry has been investing in innovations to deliver new products and management systems to consumers. One such innovation is the Meat Standards Australia（MSA） system. This system is a Total Quality Management System, aimed at delivering an eating quality guarantee to consumers, and through this adding value to the entire supply chain. At present, it is well developed for beef and still evolving for sheepmeat. MSA has identified Critical Control Points（CCPs） in the production, pre-slaughter, processing and value-adding aspects of the supply chain that impact on consumer palatability through the large-scale taste testing of meat by untrained consumers. These CCPs are used as either（1） mandatory criteria determining eligibility for grading, and（2） inputs in a model predicting the palatability of individual combinations of muscle and different cooking methods. Through the prediction of palatability, MSA increases consumer satisfaction and is used to provide assurance for branded products and new marketing innovations in Australia and internationally. This has added significant value to the Australian beef industry, with several retail examples demonstrating consumer willingness to pay more for premium quality beef and sheepmeat products based on the MSA grading scores. This price differential at retail allows the value of the carcass to be calculated based on the eating quality as well as the volume produced, thereby delivering a financial reward for farmers producing high quality carcasses. The continuous quality scale of MSA allows producers to realise the financial gain of incremental improvements in quality, as well as the precise economic weights associated with traits such as marbling, ossification score, or breed. The use of MSA in this fashion has underpinned a new and innovative supply chain where the pricing is transparent and allows producers to make informed decisions to modify both quality and yield traits. To date, the MSA system for beef has proved to be effective in predicting beef palatability not only in Australia but also in many other countries（France, Poland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Japan, South Korea, New-Zealand, the USA and South Africa）. In Europe, results of the Pro Safe Beef and Pro Opti Beef projects as well as other national projects demonstrate the potential to develop an MSA-like international grading system for the supply chain in the EU, despite thediverse cultures and complex beef production systems within the member states. International testing in lamb has only just begun and preliminary results are discussed here.展开更多
Background:A pelleted diet containing camelina hay(CAMH)or camelina meal(CAMM)as a supplement along with a control pellet(CONT)diet formulated with commonly available feeds during summer was used to investigate an alt...Background:A pelleted diet containing camelina hay(CAMH)or camelina meal(CAMM)as a supplement along with a control pellet(CONT)diet formulated with commonly available feeds during summer was used to investigate an alternative pathway for sustainable meat production.Sustainable meat production was based on a simple estimation of income from meat produced versus feed costs if animals were fed for an extended period over summer compared to early slaughter at the beginning of summer.Eighty maternal composite wether lambs(Composite)based on Coopworth genetics and 80 pure Merino wether yearlings were divided into 10 groups within breed(n=8)using stratified randomisation based on liveweights.Following 1 week of adaptation to experimental diets,animals were fed experimental diets for up to10 weeks.Results:Animals were slaughtered after either 8,9 or 10 weeks of full feeding when the average liveweight of diet/genetic combination reached a weight appropriate for either‘heavy lamb’or‘heavy hogget’production,which occurred between 8 and 10 weeks of full feeding.There was no diet×breed interactions except for dressing percentage(DP),where Composite lambs fed the CAMH diet had the greatest DP(48.1±0.35)and the Merino yearlings fed the CAMM diet the lowest DP(45.8±0.33).Composite lambs gained 17.6–20.3 kg and Merino yearlings gained 10.7–12.9 kg liveweight.Based on their DP,this resulted in the production of approximately 8.3–9.5 kg additional carcass weight in Composites and 4.9–5.7 kg in Merinos,which in turn produced greater profit per Composite lamb and a small profit per Merino yearling.Conclusions:Composite lambs fed CAMM and CAMH had 5%greater carcass weights at slaughter compared to the CONT group,but dietary treatments did not change carcass weight of Merino yearlings at slaughter.The extended feeding approach offered the producer an estimated economic gain of AUD$20.00 to$25.00 when yearly average prices were used(Method 1)and AUD$40.00 to$47.70 when pre-and post-summer average prices were used(Method 2)per Composite lambs,but extra carcass gain did not result in the same profit per Merino yearling.Among the Composites,the profit for animals fed the CAMH and CAMM were AUD$2.75 to$4.50 greater than CONT group when full year average prices were applied while AUD$3.50 to$5.50 greater than CONT group when pre-and post-summer average prices were applied.However,we acknowledge a combination approach of extended feeding for a portion of animals already on ground and selling the remaining animals pre-summer with joining of additional ewes is the most likely strategy.Considering the scenario of extended feeding for 3 weeks,based on the growth rates observed for Composite lambs,if an additional 2 kg carcass weight per animal can be gained for 50%of the 22 million lambs slaughtered in Australia(=11 million animals),it would potentially supply an additional 22 million kg of lamb carcasses produced per annum.This is equivalent to producing an extra 1 million lamb carcasses per annum weighing 22 kg each.Feeding Composite lambs for an extended period and selling Merino yearlings pre-summer may be a good option due to faster growth rate of Composites that may help quick turn-over to market.展开更多
A study was conducted to compare the carcass yield and meat quality of Rutana, Gumuz and Washera sheep of Ethiopia under two concentrate supplement levels (CSL), low (300 g/day) and high (450 g/day). The supplement co...A study was conducted to compare the carcass yield and meat quality of Rutana, Gumuz and Washera sheep of Ethiopia under two concentrate supplement levels (CSL), low (300 g/day) and high (450 g/day). The supplement contains 45% wheat bran, 26% maize grain and 29% Noug cake. A total of 36 sheep (12 from each genotype) were used in 3 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement (3 genotypes and 2 CSL) which was used in a completely randomized block design. Hay was fed ad libitum at a rate of 20% refusal. After the completion of 90 days fattening period, all sheep were slaughtered and meat sample from longissimus dorsi muscle of each animal was taken for sensory evaluation and instrumental measurement of tenderness and for color, pH, and chemical composition analysis. Slaughter body weight (SBW) (26.0 vs. 24.1 kg), hot carcass weight (HCW) (11.3 vs. 9.7 kg), dressing percentage (DP) on SBW (43.4% vs. 40.1%) and EBW basis (53.6% vs. 50.9%), and rib eye-muscle (REM) were higher for the high than low CSL. Rutana sheep had heavier HCW (11.9 kg) than Gumuz (10.1 kg) and Washera (9.4 kg) sheep. DP on EBW basis was higher for Rutana (54.7) than Washera sheep (48.1), while the value for Gumuz (50.9) was similar with both genotypes. Meat from high supplemented sheep had higher fat (9.7% vs. 8.8%), tenderness, juiciness, flavor and lower shear forces than the low level of supplementation. Most sensory parameters measured were in the order of Rutana > Gumuz > Washera sheep. It is concluded that Rutana sheep were relatively more suitable than Gumuz and Washera sheep for production of better carcass yield. The potential of Washera sheep to produce more carcass yield relative to their HCW, SBW and EBW was comparable with that of Gumuz sheep.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to speed up the process of improving the quality of lamb breeds in China,and to solve the problems that restrict the development of lamb breeds in China,such as low quality of lam...[Objectives] This study was conducted to speed up the process of improving the quality of lamb breeds in China,and to solve the problems that restrict the development of lamb breeds in China,such as low quality of lamb breeds,low meat production rate,and poor meat quality. [Methods]By studying molecular markers of fat content in sheep muscle,the CAPN gene was used to find polymorphic sites related to fat content in sheep muscle,and the correlation between two polymorphic sites C724 A and A601G on CAPN1 and CAPN2 and fat content in sheep muscle was analyzed. [Results] The two polymorphic sites,C724 A on CAPN1 and A601G on CAPN2 were significantly related to intramuscular fat in mutton. [Conclusions] These two molecular markers can be used as a molecular marker reference when breeding high-quality meat or hair and meat using German Merino sheep breeds.展开更多
Background: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed restriction(FR) and sex on the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits of Morada Nova lambs. Thirty-five animals with an initial body weight ...Background: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed restriction(FR) and sex on the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits of Morada Nova lambs. Thirty-five animals with an initial body weight of 14.5 ± 0.89 kg and age of 120 d were used in a completely randomized study with a 3 × 3 factorial scheme consisting of three sexes(11 entire males, 12 castrated males and 12 females) and three levels of feeding(ad libitum – AL and 30% and 60% FR).Results: Entire males presented greater hot and cold carcass weights(P < 0.05), followed by castrated males and females. However, the hot carcass yield was higher for females and castrated males than for entire males. Luminosity values were influenced(P < 0.05) by sex, with entire males presenting higher values than castrated males and females.Females showed higher(P < 0.05) concentrations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in the meat of the longissimus thoracis muscle. The meat of animals submitted to AL intake and 30% FR showed similar(P > 0.05) concentrations, and the concentrations of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid were higher(P < 0.05) than those of animals with 60% FR. The meat of females had a higher ω6/ω3 ratio and lower h/H ratio, and females had greater levels of feeding. The meat of animals on the 60% FR diet had a greater ω6/ω3 ratio, lower h/H ratio and lower concentration of desirable fatty acids in addition to a greater atherogenicity index(AI) and thrombogenicity index(TI).Conclusion: Lambs of different sexes had carcasses with different quantitative traits without total influence on the chemical and physical meat characteristics. The lipid profile of the meat was less favorable to consumer health when the animals were female or submitted to 60% feed restriction.展开更多
This study was conducted to speed up the process of improving the quality of lamb breeds in China,and to solve the problems that restrict the development of lamb breeds in China,such as low quality of lamb breeds,low ...This study was conducted to speed up the process of improving the quality of lamb breeds in China,and to solve the problems that restrict the development of lamb breeds in China,such as low quality of lamb breeds,low meat production rate,and poor meat quality.By studying molecular markers of fat content in sheep muscles,we searched for polymorphic loci related to fat content in sheep muscles on the ANGPTL4 gene.Among the 9 polymorphic loci retrieved,ANGPTL4 was found.Two polymorphic sites,C724 A and A601 G,were significantly associated with intramuscular fat in mutton.In summary,these two molecular markers can be used as a molecular marker reference when breeding high-quality meat or hair and meat using German Merino sheep breeds.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3126055831160474)the National Science& Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period (2013BDA10B04)
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormones in meat sheep and to determine the optimum dosage of Allium mongolicum Regel flavonoids to add to the basal diet of dry lotfeeding meat sheep. Sixty meat sheep(initial body weight = 39.9 ± 3.2 kg; 6-month-old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups(15 sheep per group). The sheep in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the 3 experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with flavonoids at 11.22 and 33 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein at d 0.15, 30, 45, and 60 to determine the neuroendocrine hormone levels. The fasting weight of the sheep was measured during the experimental period, and feed offered and refusals were recorded daily. The basal diet supplemented with flavonoids from 11 to 33 mg/kg significantly increased the daily weight gain and average daily feed intake(P<0.05) and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio(P<0.05), but there were no differences among the supplementation groups(P>0.05). Starting on d 30, the growth hormone(GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)levels in the sera of the sheep in the supplementation groups increased significantly(P<0.05), and the increases occurred in a time-dependent manner. Compared with control group, after d 30, the serum corticosterone(CORT) levels were reduced in the sheep that consumed the basal diet supplemented with22 mg/kg flavonoids(P<0.05), but among the other experimental groups, there was a non-significant effect(P>0.05). The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) levels were increased by the supplementation of flavonoids, but compared with the control group, the effect was not significant. The basal diet supplemented with flavonoids at levels from 11 to 33 mg/kg had a significant effect on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormone levels of meat sheep, and the effect occurred in a time-dependent manner. The effect was especially obvious after 30 d of feeding.
基金the Sheep Cooperative Research Centre(CRC)for Sheep Industry Innovation,and associated organisations for funding and data collection support
文摘Changing markets and evolving consumer demand present new challenges for the beef and sheep industries. In response, the industry has been investing in innovations to deliver new products and management systems to consumers. One such innovation is the Meat Standards Australia（MSA） system. This system is a Total Quality Management System, aimed at delivering an eating quality guarantee to consumers, and through this adding value to the entire supply chain. At present, it is well developed for beef and still evolving for sheepmeat. MSA has identified Critical Control Points（CCPs） in the production, pre-slaughter, processing and value-adding aspects of the supply chain that impact on consumer palatability through the large-scale taste testing of meat by untrained consumers. These CCPs are used as either（1） mandatory criteria determining eligibility for grading, and（2） inputs in a model predicting the palatability of individual combinations of muscle and different cooking methods. Through the prediction of palatability, MSA increases consumer satisfaction and is used to provide assurance for branded products and new marketing innovations in Australia and internationally. This has added significant value to the Australian beef industry, with several retail examples demonstrating consumer willingness to pay more for premium quality beef and sheepmeat products based on the MSA grading scores. This price differential at retail allows the value of the carcass to be calculated based on the eating quality as well as the volume produced, thereby delivering a financial reward for farmers producing high quality carcasses. The continuous quality scale of MSA allows producers to realise the financial gain of incremental improvements in quality, as well as the precise economic weights associated with traits such as marbling, ossification score, or breed. The use of MSA in this fashion has underpinned a new and innovative supply chain where the pricing is transparent and allows producers to make informed decisions to modify both quality and yield traits. To date, the MSA system for beef has proved to be effective in predicting beef palatability not only in Australia but also in many other countries（France, Poland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Japan, South Korea, New-Zealand, the USA and South Africa）. In Europe, results of the Pro Safe Beef and Pro Opti Beef projects as well as other national projects demonstrate the potential to develop an MSA-like international grading system for the supply chain in the EU, despite thediverse cultures and complex beef production systems within the member states. International testing in lamb has only just begun and preliminary results are discussed here.
基金support for this study was provided by The Victorian Department of Jobs,Precincts and Regions(Agriculture Victoria Research),Australia.
文摘Background:A pelleted diet containing camelina hay(CAMH)or camelina meal(CAMM)as a supplement along with a control pellet(CONT)diet formulated with commonly available feeds during summer was used to investigate an alternative pathway for sustainable meat production.Sustainable meat production was based on a simple estimation of income from meat produced versus feed costs if animals were fed for an extended period over summer compared to early slaughter at the beginning of summer.Eighty maternal composite wether lambs(Composite)based on Coopworth genetics and 80 pure Merino wether yearlings were divided into 10 groups within breed(n=8)using stratified randomisation based on liveweights.Following 1 week of adaptation to experimental diets,animals were fed experimental diets for up to10 weeks.Results:Animals were slaughtered after either 8,9 or 10 weeks of full feeding when the average liveweight of diet/genetic combination reached a weight appropriate for either‘heavy lamb’or‘heavy hogget’production,which occurred between 8 and 10 weeks of full feeding.There was no diet×breed interactions except for dressing percentage(DP),where Composite lambs fed the CAMH diet had the greatest DP(48.1±0.35)and the Merino yearlings fed the CAMM diet the lowest DP(45.8±0.33).Composite lambs gained 17.6–20.3 kg and Merino yearlings gained 10.7–12.9 kg liveweight.Based on their DP,this resulted in the production of approximately 8.3–9.5 kg additional carcass weight in Composites and 4.9–5.7 kg in Merinos,which in turn produced greater profit per Composite lamb and a small profit per Merino yearling.Conclusions:Composite lambs fed CAMM and CAMH had 5%greater carcass weights at slaughter compared to the CONT group,but dietary treatments did not change carcass weight of Merino yearlings at slaughter.The extended feeding approach offered the producer an estimated economic gain of AUD$20.00 to$25.00 when yearly average prices were used(Method 1)and AUD$40.00 to$47.70 when pre-and post-summer average prices were used(Method 2)per Composite lambs,but extra carcass gain did not result in the same profit per Merino yearling.Among the Composites,the profit for animals fed the CAMH and CAMM were AUD$2.75 to$4.50 greater than CONT group when full year average prices were applied while AUD$3.50 to$5.50 greater than CONT group when pre-and post-summer average prices were applied.However,we acknowledge a combination approach of extended feeding for a portion of animals already on ground and selling the remaining animals pre-summer with joining of additional ewes is the most likely strategy.Considering the scenario of extended feeding for 3 weeks,based on the growth rates observed for Composite lambs,if an additional 2 kg carcass weight per animal can be gained for 50%of the 22 million lambs slaughtered in Australia(=11 million animals),it would potentially supply an additional 22 million kg of lamb carcasses produced per annum.This is equivalent to producing an extra 1 million lamb carcasses per annum weighing 22 kg each.Feeding Composite lambs for an extended period and selling Merino yearlings pre-summer may be a good option due to faster growth rate of Composites that may help quick turn-over to market.
文摘A study was conducted to compare the carcass yield and meat quality of Rutana, Gumuz and Washera sheep of Ethiopia under two concentrate supplement levels (CSL), low (300 g/day) and high (450 g/day). The supplement contains 45% wheat bran, 26% maize grain and 29% Noug cake. A total of 36 sheep (12 from each genotype) were used in 3 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement (3 genotypes and 2 CSL) which was used in a completely randomized block design. Hay was fed ad libitum at a rate of 20% refusal. After the completion of 90 days fattening period, all sheep were slaughtered and meat sample from longissimus dorsi muscle of each animal was taken for sensory evaluation and instrumental measurement of tenderness and for color, pH, and chemical composition analysis. Slaughter body weight (SBW) (26.0 vs. 24.1 kg), hot carcass weight (HCW) (11.3 vs. 9.7 kg), dressing percentage (DP) on SBW (43.4% vs. 40.1%) and EBW basis (53.6% vs. 50.9%), and rib eye-muscle (REM) were higher for the high than low CSL. Rutana sheep had heavier HCW (11.9 kg) than Gumuz (10.1 kg) and Washera (9.4 kg) sheep. DP on EBW basis was higher for Rutana (54.7) than Washera sheep (48.1), while the value for Gumuz (50.9) was similar with both genotypes. Meat from high supplemented sheep had higher fat (9.7% vs. 8.8%), tenderness, juiciness, flavor and lower shear forces than the low level of supplementation. Most sensory parameters measured were in the order of Rutana > Gumuz > Washera sheep. It is concluded that Rutana sheep were relatively more suitable than Gumuz and Washera sheep for production of better carcass yield. The potential of Washera sheep to produce more carcass yield relative to their HCW, SBW and EBW was comparable with that of Gumuz sheep.
基金Supported by Mutton Sheep Research System (CARS-38)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to speed up the process of improving the quality of lamb breeds in China,and to solve the problems that restrict the development of lamb breeds in China,such as low quality of lamb breeds,low meat production rate,and poor meat quality. [Methods]By studying molecular markers of fat content in sheep muscle,the CAPN gene was used to find polymorphic sites related to fat content in sheep muscle,and the correlation between two polymorphic sites C724 A and A601G on CAPN1 and CAPN2 and fat content in sheep muscle was analyzed. [Results] The two polymorphic sites,C724 A on CAPN1 and A601G on CAPN2 were significantly related to intramuscular fat in mutton. [Conclusions] These two molecular markers can be used as a molecular marker reference when breeding high-quality meat or hair and meat using German Merino sheep breeds.
基金supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq-Brazil)
文摘Background: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed restriction(FR) and sex on the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits of Morada Nova lambs. Thirty-five animals with an initial body weight of 14.5 ± 0.89 kg and age of 120 d were used in a completely randomized study with a 3 × 3 factorial scheme consisting of three sexes(11 entire males, 12 castrated males and 12 females) and three levels of feeding(ad libitum – AL and 30% and 60% FR).Results: Entire males presented greater hot and cold carcass weights(P < 0.05), followed by castrated males and females. However, the hot carcass yield was higher for females and castrated males than for entire males. Luminosity values were influenced(P < 0.05) by sex, with entire males presenting higher values than castrated males and females.Females showed higher(P < 0.05) concentrations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in the meat of the longissimus thoracis muscle. The meat of animals submitted to AL intake and 30% FR showed similar(P > 0.05) concentrations, and the concentrations of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid were higher(P < 0.05) than those of animals with 60% FR. The meat of females had a higher ω6/ω3 ratio and lower h/H ratio, and females had greater levels of feeding. The meat of animals on the 60% FR diet had a greater ω6/ω3 ratio, lower h/H ratio and lower concentration of desirable fatty acids in addition to a greater atherogenicity index(AI) and thrombogenicity index(TI).Conclusion: Lambs of different sexes had carcasses with different quantitative traits without total influence on the chemical and physical meat characteristics. The lipid profile of the meat was less favorable to consumer health when the animals were female or submitted to 60% feed restriction.
文摘This study was conducted to speed up the process of improving the quality of lamb breeds in China,and to solve the problems that restrict the development of lamb breeds in China,such as low quality of lamb breeds,low meat production rate,and poor meat quality.By studying molecular markers of fat content in sheep muscles,we searched for polymorphic loci related to fat content in sheep muscles on the ANGPTL4 gene.Among the 9 polymorphic loci retrieved,ANGPTL4 was found.Two polymorphic sites,C724 A and A601 G,were significantly associated with intramuscular fat in mutton.In summary,these two molecular markers can be used as a molecular marker reference when breeding high-quality meat or hair and meat using German Merino sheep breeds.
