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Application of NURBS for Obtaining Free Form Curves and Surfaces in Spur and Helical Gears by Using CMM (Coordinate Measurement Machine)
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作者 Luiz Henrique Melo Silva Nobrega Verilton Nunes da Silva +3 位作者 Jose Carlos de Lima Junior Joao Bosco de Aquino Silva Igor Lucena Peixoto Andrezza Rafael Franklin Alves Silva 《Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation》 2014年第5期432-440,共9页
Currently, engineering processes require reduced manufacturing time and low cost, in addition to the growing demand for workpieces with high accuracy. Workpieces with complex geometries and free forms has been a commo... Currently, engineering processes require reduced manufacturing time and low cost, in addition to the growing demand for workpieces with high accuracy. Workpieces with complex geometries and free forms has been a common practice in industries from different sectors such as: automotive, aeronautics, bioengineering among others. One way to satisfy the market requirements satisfactorily is making measurements more efficient to make the production process faster, in other words, it is necessary to make the inspection system more accurate and flexible. The coordinate measuring evolved over the past three decades and today it is the technology that best meets the requirements of modem manufacturing through CMMs (coordinate measurement machines). The CMMs are important tool for design, fabrication and inspection of manufactured products, also used in the application of reverse engineering. These machines are also used by engineers in order to produce an accurate digital model in a virtual space for later use in CAD (computer-aided design)/CAM (computer-aided manufacturing). It is worth mentioning that the accuracy of the modeling process of given piece depends on the number of control points that are captured on the workpiece surface. Consequently, the laser inspection systems are the best tools for use in reverse engineering, but more expensive when compared to contact measurement systems that use the TTP (touch trigger probe), also used by CMMs. In this case, this paper aims to present an approach based on NURBS (non-uniform rational B-splines) to obtain free form curves and surfaces from a group of points obtained by using a contact sensor, the touch trigger probe. NURBS is an important mathematical tool and consists of generalizations of Bezier curves and surfaces and B-splines. The approach proposed in this paper can be applied for obtaining free form curves and surfaces in spur and helical gears. Experimental results obtained by measuring spur gears showed that the NURBS technique contributes for application of CMMs with touch trigger probe in reverse engineering. 展开更多
关键词 Coordinate measurement machine touch trigger probe NURBS reverse engineering.
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ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT FOR THE DYNAMIC ERRORS OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES 被引量:2
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作者 董晨松 张国雄 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 1998年第2期63-67,共5页
The analysis and calculating method of dynamic errors of CMMs during probing are discussed.To relate the dynamic displacement errors with the dynamic rotational errors a method for obtaining the displacement errors at... The analysis and calculating method of dynamic errors of CMMs during probing are discussed.To relate the dynamic displacement errors with the dynamic rotational errors a method for obtaining the displacement errors at the probing position from dynamic rotational errors is presented.It is pointed out that the finite element method might be used for modeling dynamic errors.However,dynamic errors are difficult to be modeled so a combined practical and theoretical approach is needed.In addition,the dynamic errors are measured with inductive position sensors. 展开更多
关键词 coordinate measuring machine (CMM) dynamic error finite element method(FEM)
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Multiple Measurement Models of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines 被引量:6
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作者 ZHENG Dateng XIAO Zhongyue XIA Xiang 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第5期994-998,共5页
The existing articulated arm coordinate measuring machines(AACMM) with one measurement model are easy to cause low measurement accuracy because the whole sampling space is much bigger than the result in the unstable... The existing articulated arm coordinate measuring machines(AACMM) with one measurement model are easy to cause low measurement accuracy because the whole sampling space is much bigger than the result in the unstable calibration parameters. To compensate for the deficiency of one measurement model, the multiple measurement models are built by the Denavit-Hartenberg's notation, the homemade standard rod components are used as a calibration tool and the Levenberg-Marquardt calibration algorithm is applied to solve the structural parameters in the measurement models. During the tests of multiple measurement models, the sample areas are selected in two situations. It is found that the measurement errors' sigma value(0.083 4 ram) dealt with one measurement model is nearly two times larger than that of the multiple measurement models(0.043 1 ram) in the same sample area. While in the different sample area, the measurement errors' sigma value(0.054 0 ram) dealt with the multiple measurement models is about 40% of one measurement model(0.137 3 mm). The preliminary results suggest that the measurement accuracy of AACMM dealt with multiple measurement models is superior to the accuracy of the existing machine with one measurement model. This paper proposes the multiple measurement models to improve the measurement accuracy of AACMM without increasing any hardware cost. 展开更多
关键词 articulated arm coordinate measuring machine multiple measurement models sample area measurement accuracy
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Theoretical analysis and verification of uncertainty of measurement on a cantilever coordinate measuring machine
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作者 ZHANG Hai-tao LIU Shu-gui +1 位作者 LI Xing-hua SU Zhi-kun 《Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation》 CAS CSCD 2017年第4期314-320,共7页
A cantilever coordinate measuring machine(CCMM)is proposed according to the in-situ measurement requirement of workpieces with complex structures limited by the finite space of the5-axes computerized numerical control... A cantilever coordinate measuring machine(CCMM)is proposed according to the in-situ measurement requirement of workpieces with complex structures limited by the finite space of the5-axes computerized numerical control(CNC)processing site.Factors affecting uncertainty of measurement(UM)are classified and analyzed on the basis of uncertainty evaluation criteria,and the estimation technique of UM for measuring systems is presented.UM of the CCMM is estimated from the factors such as temperature,error motions as well as the mechanism deformations.Measurement results show that the actual measurement error is smaller than that of measurement requirement. 展开更多
关键词 cantilever coordinate measuring machine (CCMM) structure design computerized numerical control machine estimation of uncertainty of measurement
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STUDY OF NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT OF FREE-FORM SURFACES
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作者 徐玉春 张国雄 +2 位作者 解则晓 冯国馨 王春海 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2001年第4期226-228,共3页
A non contact three dimensional measurement method is presented in this paper.This system consists of a laser triangulation probe,a probe head and a coordinate measuring machine (CMM).The measurement principle of th... A non contact three dimensional measurement method is presented in this paper.This system consists of a laser triangulation probe,a probe head and a coordinate measuring machine (CMM).The measurement principle of the system is discussed,and a system calibration method employing a reference ball is proposed.The geometric model involving four frames is established to calculate the data points based on the reading of the laser probe and position information from the CMM.A measuring experiment for gesso free form surface using this system is carried out. 展开更多
关键词 free form surface coordinate measuring machine PH10 probe head laser triangulation probe CALIBRATION
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High Speed Laser 3D Measurement System
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作者 SONGYuan-he FANChang-zhou +2 位作者 GUOYing LIHong-wei ZHAOHong 《Semiconductor Photonics and Technology》 CAS 2003年第4期260-262,共3页
Using the method of line structure light produced by a laser diode,three dimensional profile measurement is deeply researched.A hardware circuit developed is used to get the center position of light section for the im... Using the method of line structure light produced by a laser diode,three dimensional profile measurement is deeply researched.A hardware circuit developed is used to get the center position of light section for the improvement of the measurement speed.A double CCD compensation technology is used to improve the measurement precision. An easy and effective calibration method of the least squares to fit the parameter of system structure is used to get the relative coordinate relationship of objects and images of light section in the directions of height and axis. Sensor scanning segment by segment and layer by layer makes the measurement range expand greatly. 展开更多
关键词 3D profile measurement laser diode line scanning measurement machine
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CAD Model-Based Intelligent Inspection Planning for Coordinate Measuring Machines 被引量:9
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作者 DONG Yude LIU Daxin +2 位作者 ZHAO Han WANG Wanlong WU Juan 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2011年第4期567-583,共17页
As the market competition among enterprises grows intensively and the demand for high quality products increases rapidly, product quality inspection and control has become one of the most important issues of manufactu... As the market competition among enterprises grows intensively and the demand for high quality products increases rapidly, product quality inspection and control has become one of the most important issues of manufacturing, and improving the efficiency and accuracy of inspection is also one of problems which enterprises must solve. It is particularly important to establish rational inspection planning for parts before inspecting product quality correctly. The traditional inspection methods have been difficult to satisfy the requirements on the speed and accuracy of modern manufacturing, so CAD-based computer-aided inspection planning (CAIP) system with the coordinate measuring machines (CMM) came into being. In this paper, an algorithm for adaptive sampling and collision-free inspection path generation is proposed, aiming at the CAD model-based inspection planning for coordinate measuring machines (CMM). Firstly, using the method of step adaptive subdivision and iteration , the sampling points for the specified number with even distribution will be generated automatically. Then, it generates the initial path by planning the inspection sequence of measurement points according to the values of each point's weight sum of parameters, and detects collision by constructing section lines between the probe swept-volume surfaces and the part surfaces, with axis-aligned bounding box (AABB) filtering to improve the detection efficiency. For collided path segments, it implements collision avoidance firstly aiming at the possible outer-circle features, and then at other collisions, for which the obstacle-avoiding movements are planned with the heuristic rules, and combined with a designed expanded AABB to set the obstacle-avoiding points. The computer experimental results show that the presented algorithm can plan sampling points' locations with strong adaptability for different complexity of general surfaces, and generate efficient optimum path in a short time and avoid collision effectively. 展开更多
关键词 coordinate measuring machines (CMM) sampling strategy adaptive subdivision path planning collision detection collision avoidance bounding box
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Flexible Scanning Method by Integrating Laser Line Sensors with Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines 被引量:1
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作者 Zexiao Xie Ping Yu +2 位作者 Hanlei Gong Shukai Chi Xiang Gao 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第5期131-140,共10页
Measuring and reconstructing the shape of workpieces have been considered as a fundamental step in both reverse engineering and product quality control.Owing to increasing structural complexity of recent products,meas... Measuring and reconstructing the shape of workpieces have been considered as a fundamental step in both reverse engineering and product quality control.Owing to increasing structural complexity of recent products,measurements from multiple directions are typically required in current scanning techniques.Specifically,the plane structured light can be applied to measure one area of a part at a time,with an additional algorithm required to merge the collected data of each area.Alternatively,the line structured light sensor integrated on CNC machines or CMMs could also realize multi-view measurement.However,the system needs to be repeatedly calibrated at each new direction.This paper presents a flexible scanning method by integrating laser line sensors with articulated arm coordinate measuring machines(AACMM).Since the output of the laser line sensor is 2D raw data in the laser plane,our system model introduces an explicit transformation from the 2D sensor coordinate frame to the 3D base coordinate frame of the AACMM(i.e.,the translation and rotation the of the 2D sensor coordinate in the sixth coordinate system of AACMM).To solve the model,the“conjugate pairs”are proposed and identified by measuring a fixed point(e.g.,a sphere center).Moreover,a search algorithm is adopted to find the optimal solution,which noticeably boosts the model accuracy.The experimental results show that the error of the system is about 0.2 mm,which is caused by the error of the AACMM,the sensor error and the calibration error.By measuring a complicated part,the proposed system is proved to be flexible and facilitate,with the ability to measure a part expediently from any necessary direction.Furthermore,the proposed calibration method can also be used for robot hand-eye relationship calibration. 展开更多
关键词 Reverse engineering Laser line sensors Articulated arm coordinate measuring machines Conjugate pairs
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ERROR COMPENSATION OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES WITH LOW STIFFNESS 被引量:3
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作者 Zhao Yingjian Zhang Guoxiong (College of Precision Instruments and Optical Electronics, Tianjin University) 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2000年第2期159-164,共6页
A technique for compensating the errors of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) with low stiffness is proposed. Some additional items related with the force deformation are introduced to the error compensation aquatio... A technique for compensating the errors of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) with low stiffness is proposed. Some additional items related with the force deformation are introduced to the error compensation aquations. The research was carried on a moving colunm horizontal arm CMM. Experimental results show that both the effects of systematic components of error motions and force deformations are greatly reduced, which shows the effectiveness of proposed technique. 展开更多
关键词 Error compensation Coordinate measuring machine(CMM) Low stiffness
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Multiway Dynamic Trust Chain Model on Virtual Machine for Cloud Computing 被引量:1
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作者 Jie Zhu Guoyuan Lin +2 位作者 Fucheng You Huaqun Liu Chunru Zhou 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第7期83-91,共9页
This paper sums up four security factors after analyzing co-residency threats caused by the special multitenant environment in the cloud.To secure the factors,a multiway dynamic trust chain transfer model was proposed... This paper sums up four security factors after analyzing co-residency threats caused by the special multitenant environment in the cloud.To secure the factors,a multiway dynamic trust chain transfer model was proposed on the basis of a measurement interactive virtual machine and current behavior to protect the integrity of the system.A trust chain construction module is designed in a virtual machine monitor.Through dynamic monitoring,it achieves the purpose of transferring integrity between virtual machine.A cloud system with a trust authentication function is implemented on the basis of the model,and its practicability is shown. 展开更多
关键词 cloud computing virtual machine trustworthiness measurement dynamic trust transfer
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COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINE PROBING ACCESSIBILITY
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作者 Wu Yongqing Xie Zexiao Liu Shugui Zhang Guoxiong State Key Laboritory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instrument, Tianjin University 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2001年第1期45-50,共6页
The accessibility of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) in dimensional inspection is studied. The problem of computing the global accessibility cone is solved using a method of angle representation. Otherwise, the l... The accessibility of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) in dimensional inspection is studied. The problem of computing the global accessibility cone is solved using a method of angle representation. Otherwise, the length and volume of probe are considered sufficiently so that all the feasible probe orientations could be determined for the inspection of a workpiece when a touch trigger probe is used and the shortcoming of abstracting a probe as an infinite half line could be overcome completely. In the end, an example is given to explain the method. 展开更多
关键词 ACCESSIBILITY Probe orientation COLLISION Coordinate measuring machines(CMMs) SLOT
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Determination of the workspace of a new coordinate-measuring machine using parallel-link mechanism
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作者 刘得军 黄庆成 +2 位作者 叶东 车仁生 周琳 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2001年第2期147-154,共8页
Presents the detailed algorithm established for determination of workspace for a 3-DOF coordinate measuring machine using parallel link mechanism by constructing the inverse kinematic model first and then reviewing th... Presents the detailed algorithm established for determination of workspace for a 3-DOF coordinate measuring machine using parallel link mechanism by constructing the inverse kinematic model first and then reviewing the physical and kinematical constraints from the structural characteristics of the parallel link mechanism, and discusses the actual geometries of workspace and the factors having effect on workspace through computer simulation thereby providing necessary theoretical basis for the research and development of coordinate measuring machines using parallel link mechanism. 展开更多
关键词 coordinate measuring machine WORKSPACE parallel link mechanism three degrees of freedom spatial coordinate
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Cylindrical coordinate measuring machines: probe offset and workpiece clamping error
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作者 QIU Zu-rong WANG Cheng-lin +4 位作者 SU Zhi-kun LI Hao-peng XUE Jie LI Xing-hua LU Yao-huan 《Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation》 CAS CSCD 2019年第3期205-212,共8页
A cylindrical coordinate measuring machine for the detection of large-size rotational parts is introduced. The measuring machine can simultaneously measure the geometrical dimensions, form and position errors of the i... A cylindrical coordinate measuring machine for the detection of large-size rotational parts is introduced. The measuring machine can simultaneously measure the geometrical dimensions, form and position errors of the inner and outer surfaces. Since the maximum length of the workpiece can reach 2 000 mm , it is difficult to be clamped and adjusted and easy to produce clamping error. The eccentricity can be up to 1.5 mm, which has an interaction effect with the probe mounting offset. We mainly study the probe offset of the measuring machine and the influence of the workpiece clamping error on the measurement. A method of controlling the offset of the measuring probe is proposed. The effect of the clamping error is eliminated through the space coordinate transformation of the workpiece axis, and the axis is fitted by the least square method. Finally, a common fixture can be realized to meet the clamping requirements of the workpiece. 展开更多
关键词 rotational parts probe offset ECCENTRICITY cylindrical coordinate measuring machine
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Multi-Aspect Value of Measuring Systems and Methods Based on the Results of Roundness Measurements
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作者 Miodrag Hadzistevic Imre Nemedi +2 位作者 Milenko Sekulic Martin Bosak Janko Hodolic 《Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation》 2012年第8期514-530,共17页
The increase of quality consciousness brings about the growth of significance of metrological systems. Besides the significance, the level of automatization, flexibility, accuracy, et al. have advanced. The modern mea... The increase of quality consciousness brings about the growth of significance of metrological systems. Besides the significance, the level of automatization, flexibility, accuracy, et al. have advanced. The modern measuring systems are constructed so that nearly all necessary dimensional characteristics can be measured with them. However, conventional measuring systems are provided for particular mode measurements. This research paper presents and compares several conventional and modem measuring systems and methods. The measured value is roundness, one of the basic shapes of cross section in mechanical engineering. This paper arises in search of answers for the question whether conventional measuring techniques and equipments are made redundant because of the modern ones. In what segments and in which criterion are modem methods preferable? 展开更多
关键词 Measuring systems ROUNDNESS V-block method coordinate measuring machine (CMM) rotational datum method(RDM).
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ASSESSING THE DYNAMIC ERRORS OF COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES 被引量:2
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作者 Dong, Chensong Zhang, Guoxiong Mu, Yuhai 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1998年第4期58-64,共7页
The main factors affecting the dynamic errors of coordinate measuring machines are analyzed. It is pointed out that there are two main contributors to the dynamic errors: One is the rotation of the elements around the... The main factors affecting the dynamic errors of coordinate measuring machines are analyzed. It is pointed out that there are two main contributors to the dynamic errors: One is the rotation of the elements around the joints connected with air bearings and the other is the bending of the elements caused by the dynamic inertial forces. A method for obtaining the displacement errors at the probe position from dynamic rotational errors is presented. The dynamic rotational errors are measured with inductive position sensors and a laser interferometer. The theoretical and experimental results both show that during the process of fast probing, due to the dynamic inertial forces, there are not only large rotation of the elements around the joints connected with air bearings but also large bending of the weak elements themselves. 展开更多
关键词 Coordinate measuring machine Dynamic error Laser interferometer Inductive position sensor
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Influence of Temperature Probes Installation on the Salient Pole to Temperature Measurement
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作者 Z. Hanic M. Kovacic M. Vrazic 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2011年第8期776-784,共9页
Accurate and reliable information about the temperature of the synchronous generators excitation winding hot spot is necessary to determine the dynamic limit caused by excitation winding overheating in the PQ diagram.... Accurate and reliable information about the temperature of the synchronous generators excitation winding hot spot is necessary to determine the dynamic limit caused by excitation winding overheating in the PQ diagram. For good estimation of a position and the hot spot temperature it is decided to mount 19 temperature probes on one pole of the 6-pole, 400 kVA. 50 llz synchronous generator. Due to a large number of the probes and because the probes should be glued with the metal epoxy it was assumed that mounting of the probes will disrupt the temperature field of the excitation winding. To get the answer to this question the excitation winding resistance was measured betbre and after mounting the probes, in a hot and a cold state. Temperature rise can be estimated if the resistance ratio in the hot and the cold state is known. The paper also addresses the analysis of the measurement accuracy. The result shows that, there is no significant influence on the temperature when mounting the 19 temperature probes which covered 10% of the pole excitation winding surface. 展开更多
关键词 Temperature measurement AC generators rotating machine measurements excitation winding thermal probes digital measurements measurement accuracy measurement errors.
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An intelligent automatic correlation method of oilbearing strata based on pattern constraints:An example of accretionary stratigraphy of Shishen 100 block in Shinan Oilfield of Bohai Bay Basin,East China
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作者 WU Degang WU Shenghe +1 位作者 LIU Lei SUN Yide 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2024年第1期180-192,共13页
Aiming at the problem that the data-driven automatic correlation methods which are difficult to adapt to the automatic correlation of oil-bearing strata with large changes in lateral sedimentary facies and strata thic... Aiming at the problem that the data-driven automatic correlation methods which are difficult to adapt to the automatic correlation of oil-bearing strata with large changes in lateral sedimentary facies and strata thickness,an intelligent automatic correlation method of oil-bearing strata based on pattern constraints is formed.We propose to introduce knowledge-driven in automatic correlation of oil-bearing strata,constraining the correlation process by stratigraphic sedimentary patterns and improving the similarity measuring machine and conditional constraint dynamic time warping algorithm to automate the correlation of marker layers and the interfaces of each stratum.The application in Shishen 100 block in the Shinan Oilfield of the Bohai Bay Basin shows that the coincidence rate of the marker layers identified by this method is over 95.00%,and the average coincidence rate of identified oil-bearing strata reaches 90.02% compared to artificial correlation results,which is about 17 percentage points higher than that of the existing automatic correlation methods.The accuracy of the automatic correlation of oil-bearing strata has been effectively improved. 展开更多
关键词 oil-bearing strata automatic correlation contrastive learning stratigraphic sedimentary pattern marker layer similarity measuring machine conditional constraint dynamic time warping algorithm
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METHODS OF VISUAL RECOGNITION,POSITIONING AND ORIENTATING OF 3 D SIMPLE GEOMETRIC WORKPIECE
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作者 王向军 王以忠 叶声华 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 1998年第2期36-40,共5页
The methods of visual recognition,positioning and orienting with simple 3 D geometric workpieces are presented in this paper.The principle and operating process of multiple orientation run le... The methods of visual recognition,positioning and orienting with simple 3 D geometric workpieces are presented in this paper.The principle and operating process of multiple orientation run length coding based on general orientation run length coding and visual recognition method are described elaborately.The method of positioning and orientating based on the moment of inertia of the workpiece binary image is stated also.It has been applied in a research on flexible automatic coordinate measuring system formed by integrating computer aided design,computer vision and computer aided inspection planning,with a coordinate measuring machine.The results show that integrating computer vision with measurement system is a feasible and effective approach to improve their flexibility and automation. 展开更多
关键词 automatic measurement visual recognition visual positioning visual orientating coordinate measuring machine
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Dynamic Coordination of Uncalibrated Hand/Eye Robotic System Based on Neural Network 被引量:1
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作者 Su, J. Pan, Q. Xi, Y. 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2001年第3期45-50,共6页
A nonlinear visual mapping model is presented to replace the image Jacobian relation for uncalibrated hand/eye coordination. A new visual tracking controller based on artificial neural network is designed. Simulation ... A nonlinear visual mapping model is presented to replace the image Jacobian relation for uncalibrated hand/eye coordination. A new visual tracking controller based on artificial neural network is designed. Simulation results show that this method can drive the static tracking error to zero quickly and keep good robustness and adaptability at the same time. In addition, the algorithm is very easy to be implemented with low computational complexity. 展开更多
关键词 Adaptive algorithms Computational complexity Computer simulation Coordinate measuring machines Error detection Mathematical models Neural networks Robotic arms Robustness (control systems) Stereo vision
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A Method for Determining Surface Free Energy of Bamboo Fiber Materials by Applying Fowkes Theory and Using Computer Aided Machine Vision Based Measurement Technique 被引量:3
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作者 陆军 张红涛 +1 位作者 魏德云 胡玉霞 《Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)》 EI 2012年第5期593-597,共5页
The purpose of this study is to develop a standard methodology for measuring the surface free energy (SFE),and its component parts of bamboo fiber materials.The current methods was reviewed to determine the surface te... The purpose of this study is to develop a standard methodology for measuring the surface free energy (SFE),and its component parts of bamboo fiber materials.The current methods was reviewed to determine the surface tension of natural fibers and the disadvantages of techniques used were discussed.Although numerous techniques have been employed to characterize surface tension of natural fibers,it seems that the credibility of results obtained may often be dubious.In this paper,critical surface tension estimates were obtained from computer aided machine vision based measurement.Data were then analyzed by the least squares method to estimate the components of SFE.SFE was estimated by least squares analysis and also by Schultz' method.By using the Fowkes method the polar and disperse fractions of the surface free energy of bamboo fiber materials can be obtained.Strictly speaking,this method is based on a combination of the knowledge of Fowkes theory. SFE is desirable when adhesion is required,and it avoids some of the limitations of existing studies which has been proposed.The calculation steps described in this research are only intended to explain the methods.The results show that the method that only determines SFE as a single parameter may be unable to differentiate adequately between bamboo fiber materials,but it is feasible and very efficient.In order to obtain the maximum performance from the computer aided machine vision based measurement instruments,this measurement should be recommended and kept available for reference. 展开更多
关键词 surface free energy bamboo fiber materials Fowkes theory computer aided machine vision based measurement(CAMVBM) technique Schultz’ method
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