With the increasing application of surveillance cameras,vehicle re-identication(Re-ID)has attracted more attention in the eld of public security.Vehicle Re-ID meets challenge attributable to the large intra-class diff...With the increasing application of surveillance cameras,vehicle re-identication(Re-ID)has attracted more attention in the eld of public security.Vehicle Re-ID meets challenge attributable to the large intra-class differences caused by different views of vehicles in the traveling process and obvious inter-class similarities caused by similar appearances.Plentiful existing methods focus on local attributes by marking local locations.However,these methods require additional annotations,resulting in complex algorithms and insufferable computation time.To cope with these challenges,this paper proposes a vehicle Re-ID model based on optimized DenseNet121 with joint loss.This model applies the SE block to automatically obtain the importance of each channel feature and assign the corresponding weight to it,then features are transferred to the deep layer by adjusting the corresponding weights,which reduces the transmission of redundant information in the process of feature reuse in DenseNet121.At the same time,the proposed model leverages the complementary expression advantages of middle features of the CNN to enhance the feature expression ability.Additionally,a joint loss with focal loss and triplet loss is proposed in vehicle Re-ID to enhance the model’s ability to discriminate difcult-to-separate samples by enlarging the weight of the difcult-to-separate samples during the training process.Experimental results on the VeRi-776 dataset show that mAP and Rank-1 reach 75.5%and 94.8%,respectively.Besides,Rank-1 on small,medium and large sub-datasets of Vehicle ID dataset reach 81.3%,78.9%,and 76.5%,respectively,which surpasses most existing vehicle Re-ID methods.展开更多
The progressive destruction of condylar cartilage is a hallmark of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) osteoarthritis(OA);however, its mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that Kindlin-2, a key focal adhes...The progressive destruction of condylar cartilage is a hallmark of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) osteoarthritis(OA);however, its mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that Kindlin-2, a key focal adhesion protein, is strongly detected in cells of mandibular condylar cartilage in mice. We find that genetic ablation of Kindlin-2 in aggrecan-expressing condylar chondrocytes induces multiple spontaneous osteoarthritic lesions, including progressive cartilage loss and deformation, surface fissures, and ectopic cartilage and bone formation in TMJ. Kindlin-2 loss significantly downregulates the expression of aggrecan, Col2a1 and Proteoglycan 4(Prg4), all anabolic extracellular matrix proteins, and promotes catabolic metabolism in TMJ cartilage by inducing expression of Runx2and Mmp13 in condylar chondrocytes. Kindlin-2 loss decreases TMJ chondrocyte proliferation in condylar cartilages. Furthermore,Kindlin-2 loss promotes the release of cytochrome c as well as caspase 3 activation, and accelerates chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro and TMJ. Collectively, these findings reveal a crucial role of Kindlin-2 in condylar chondrocytes to maintain TMJ homeostasis.展开更多
BACKGROUND A 48-year-old female presented with sudden-onset right-sided aural fullness,low-frequency hearing loss,and tinnitus.Medical history included right-sided tempo-romandibular joint disorder(TMJD)with crepitati...BACKGROUND A 48-year-old female presented with sudden-onset right-sided aural fullness,low-frequency hearing loss,and tinnitus.Medical history included right-sided tempo-romandibular joint disorder(TMJD)with crepitation,and retro-orbital headaches.The patient was diagnosed with atypical Meniere’s disease(MD)and received in-tratympanic steroids,prednisone,betahistine,and began a low-sodium diet;how-ever,the patient’s symptoms worsened.CASE SUMMARY The patient sought physical therapy for TMJD;testing revealed reduced motion and dysfunction with vertical opening,lateral excursion of the mandible to the right,and tenderness to palpation.Treatment included soft tissue mobilization of right facial structures and temporal fossa,intraoral massage of the right pterygoid musculature,and massage of right neck structures.After 4 weeks,the patient noticed subjective improvement in hearing and decreased headaches.After 11 weeks,an audiogram showed that the hearing loss had recovered.The patient has continued the daily at-home intraoral/neck massage therapy and maintained normal hearing over 4 years to date.The temporal relationship between physical therapy and recovery of hearing loss suggests muscular or inflammatory etiology as at least partially causative of this patient’s symptoms.The mechanism of healing may have been due to decreased inflammation,improved blood flow,restored function of cranial nerves,or some combination of these and other unknown factors.CONCLUSION This report suggests that orofacial physical and massage therapy may be an effective treatment for the cochlear symptoms associated with MD.展开更多
A novel joint optimization strategy for the secondary user( SU) was proposed to consider the short-term and long-term video transmissions over distributed cognitive radio networks( DCRNs).Since the long-term video tra...A novel joint optimization strategy for the secondary user( SU) was proposed to consider the short-term and long-term video transmissions over distributed cognitive radio networks( DCRNs).Since the long-term video transmission consisted of a series of shortterm transmissions, the optimization problem in the video transmission was a composite optimization process. Firstly,considering some factors like primary user's( PU's) collision limitations,non-synchronization between SU and PU,and SU's limited buffer size, the short-term optimization problem was formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program( MINLP) to minimize the block probability of video packets. Secondly,combining the minimum packet block probability obtained in shortterm optimization and SU's constraint on hardware complexity,the partially observable Markov decision process( POMDP) framework was proposed to learn PU's statistic information over DCRNs.Moreover,based on the proposed framework,joint optimization strategy was designed to obtain the minimum packet loss rate in long-term video transmission. Numerical simulation results were provided to demonstrate validity of our strategies.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce tail dependene measures for collateral losses from catastrophic events. To calculate these measures, we use bivariate compound process where a Cox process with shot noise intensity is used ...In this paper, we introduce tail dependene measures for collateral losses from catastrophic events. To calculate these measures, we use bivariate compound process where a Cox process with shot noise intensity is used to count collateral losses. A homogeneous Poisson process is also examined as its counterpart for the case where the catastrophic loss frequency rate is deterministic. Joint Laplace transform of the distribution of the aggregate collateral losses is derived and joint Fast Fourier transform is used to obtain the joint distributions of aggregate collateral losses. For numerical illustrations, a member of Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula with exponential margins is used. The figures of the joint distributions of collateral losses, their contours and numerical calculations of risk measures are also provided.展开更多
With the continuous development of face recognition network,the selection of loss function plays an increasingly important role in improving accuracy.The loss function of face recognition network needs to minimize the...With the continuous development of face recognition network,the selection of loss function plays an increasingly important role in improving accuracy.The loss function of face recognition network needs to minimize the intra-class distance while expanding the inter-class distance.So far,one of our mainstream loss function optimization methods is to add penalty terms,such as orthogonal loss,to further constrain the original loss function.The other is to optimize using the loss based on angular/cosine margin.The last is Triplet loss and a new type of joint optimization based on HST Loss and ACT Loss.In this paper,based on the three methods with good practical performance and the joint optimization method,various loss functions are thoroughly reviewed.展开更多
Electrically-excited flux-switching machines are advantageous in simple and reliable structure,good speed control performance,low cost,etc.,so they have arouse wide concerns from new energy field.However,they have muc...Electrically-excited flux-switching machines are advantageous in simple and reliable structure,good speed control performance,low cost,etc.,so they have arouse wide concerns from new energy field.However,they have much lower torque density/thrust density compared with the same type PM machines.To overcome this challenge,electromagnetic-thermal coupled analysis is carried out with respect to water-cooled electrically-excited flux-switching linear machines(EEFSLM).The simulation results indicate that the conventional fixed copper loss method(FCLM)is no longer suitable for high thrust density design,since it is unable to consider the strong coupling between the electromagnetic and thermal performance.Hence,a multi-step electromagnetic-thermal joint optimisation method is proposed,which first ensures the consistency between the electromagnetic and thermal modelling and then considers the effect of different field/armature coil sizes.By using the proposed joint optimisation method,it is found that the combination of relatively large size of field coil and relatively low field copper loss is favourable for achieving high thrust force for the current EEFSLM design.Moreover,the thrust force is raised by 13-15%compared with using the FCLM.The electromagnetic and thermal performance of the EEFSLM is validated by the prototype test.展开更多
基金supported,in part,by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant Numbers 61502240,61502096,61304205,61773219in part,by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant Numbers BK20201136,BK20191401in part,by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)fund.
文摘With the increasing application of surveillance cameras,vehicle re-identication(Re-ID)has attracted more attention in the eld of public security.Vehicle Re-ID meets challenge attributable to the large intra-class differences caused by different views of vehicles in the traveling process and obvious inter-class similarities caused by similar appearances.Plentiful existing methods focus on local attributes by marking local locations.However,these methods require additional annotations,resulting in complex algorithms and insufferable computation time.To cope with these challenges,this paper proposes a vehicle Re-ID model based on optimized DenseNet121 with joint loss.This model applies the SE block to automatically obtain the importance of each channel feature and assign the corresponding weight to it,then features are transferred to the deep layer by adjusting the corresponding weights,which reduces the transmission of redundant information in the process of feature reuse in DenseNet121.At the same time,the proposed model leverages the complementary expression advantages of middle features of the CNN to enhance the feature expression ability.Additionally,a joint loss with focal loss and triplet loss is proposed in vehicle Re-ID to enhance the model’s ability to discriminate difcult-to-separate samples by enlarging the weight of the difcult-to-separate samples during the training process.Experimental results on the VeRi-776 dataset show that mAP and Rank-1 reach 75.5%and 94.8%,respectively.Besides,Rank-1 on small,medium and large sub-datasets of Vehicle ID dataset reach 81.3%,78.9%,and 76.5%,respectively,which surpasses most existing vehicle Re-ID methods.
基金supported, in part, by the National Key Research and Development Program of China Grants (2019YFA0906004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants (81991513, 81870532, 82172375)+1 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Council Grant (2017B030301018)the Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council Grant (20200925150409001)。
文摘The progressive destruction of condylar cartilage is a hallmark of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) osteoarthritis(OA);however, its mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that Kindlin-2, a key focal adhesion protein, is strongly detected in cells of mandibular condylar cartilage in mice. We find that genetic ablation of Kindlin-2 in aggrecan-expressing condylar chondrocytes induces multiple spontaneous osteoarthritic lesions, including progressive cartilage loss and deformation, surface fissures, and ectopic cartilage and bone formation in TMJ. Kindlin-2 loss significantly downregulates the expression of aggrecan, Col2a1 and Proteoglycan 4(Prg4), all anabolic extracellular matrix proteins, and promotes catabolic metabolism in TMJ cartilage by inducing expression of Runx2and Mmp13 in condylar chondrocytes. Kindlin-2 loss decreases TMJ chondrocyte proliferation in condylar cartilages. Furthermore,Kindlin-2 loss promotes the release of cytochrome c as well as caspase 3 activation, and accelerates chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro and TMJ. Collectively, these findings reveal a crucial role of Kindlin-2 in condylar chondrocytes to maintain TMJ homeostasis.
文摘BACKGROUND A 48-year-old female presented with sudden-onset right-sided aural fullness,low-frequency hearing loss,and tinnitus.Medical history included right-sided tempo-romandibular joint disorder(TMJD)with crepitation,and retro-orbital headaches.The patient was diagnosed with atypical Meniere’s disease(MD)and received in-tratympanic steroids,prednisone,betahistine,and began a low-sodium diet;how-ever,the patient’s symptoms worsened.CASE SUMMARY The patient sought physical therapy for TMJD;testing revealed reduced motion and dysfunction with vertical opening,lateral excursion of the mandible to the right,and tenderness to palpation.Treatment included soft tissue mobilization of right facial structures and temporal fossa,intraoral massage of the right pterygoid musculature,and massage of right neck structures.After 4 weeks,the patient noticed subjective improvement in hearing and decreased headaches.After 11 weeks,an audiogram showed that the hearing loss had recovered.The patient has continued the daily at-home intraoral/neck massage therapy and maintained normal hearing over 4 years to date.The temporal relationship between physical therapy and recovery of hearing loss suggests muscular or inflammatory etiology as at least partially causative of this patient’s symptoms.The mechanism of healing may have been due to decreased inflammation,improved blood flow,restored function of cranial nerves,or some combination of these and other unknown factors.CONCLUSION This report suggests that orofacial physical and massage therapy may be an effective treatment for the cochlear symptoms associated with MD.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61301101)
文摘A novel joint optimization strategy for the secondary user( SU) was proposed to consider the short-term and long-term video transmissions over distributed cognitive radio networks( DCRNs).Since the long-term video transmission consisted of a series of shortterm transmissions, the optimization problem in the video transmission was a composite optimization process. Firstly,considering some factors like primary user's( PU's) collision limitations,non-synchronization between SU and PU,and SU's limited buffer size, the short-term optimization problem was formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program( MINLP) to minimize the block probability of video packets. Secondly,combining the minimum packet block probability obtained in shortterm optimization and SU's constraint on hardware complexity,the partially observable Markov decision process( POMDP) framework was proposed to learn PU's statistic information over DCRNs.Moreover,based on the proposed framework,joint optimization strategy was designed to obtain the minimum packet loss rate in long-term video transmission. Numerical simulation results were provided to demonstrate validity of our strategies.
文摘In this paper, we introduce tail dependene measures for collateral losses from catastrophic events. To calculate these measures, we use bivariate compound process where a Cox process with shot noise intensity is used to count collateral losses. A homogeneous Poisson process is also examined as its counterpart for the case where the catastrophic loss frequency rate is deterministic. Joint Laplace transform of the distribution of the aggregate collateral losses is derived and joint Fast Fourier transform is used to obtain the joint distributions of aggregate collateral losses. For numerical illustrations, a member of Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula with exponential margins is used. The figures of the joint distributions of collateral losses, their contours and numerical calculations of risk measures are also provided.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41875184)Innovation Team of“Six Talent Peaks”In Jiangsu Province(Grant No.TD-XYDXX-004).
文摘With the continuous development of face recognition network,the selection of loss function plays an increasingly important role in improving accuracy.The loss function of face recognition network needs to minimize the intra-class distance while expanding the inter-class distance.So far,one of our mainstream loss function optimization methods is to add penalty terms,such as orthogonal loss,to further constrain the original loss function.The other is to optimize using the loss based on angular/cosine margin.The last is Triplet loss and a new type of joint optimization based on HST Loss and ACT Loss.In this paper,based on the three methods with good practical performance and the joint optimization method,various loss functions are thoroughly reviewed.
基金supported in part by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LY21E070002 and LY17E070002。
文摘Electrically-excited flux-switching machines are advantageous in simple and reliable structure,good speed control performance,low cost,etc.,so they have arouse wide concerns from new energy field.However,they have much lower torque density/thrust density compared with the same type PM machines.To overcome this challenge,electromagnetic-thermal coupled analysis is carried out with respect to water-cooled electrically-excited flux-switching linear machines(EEFSLM).The simulation results indicate that the conventional fixed copper loss method(FCLM)is no longer suitable for high thrust density design,since it is unable to consider the strong coupling between the electromagnetic and thermal performance.Hence,a multi-step electromagnetic-thermal joint optimisation method is proposed,which first ensures the consistency between the electromagnetic and thermal modelling and then considers the effect of different field/armature coil sizes.By using the proposed joint optimisation method,it is found that the combination of relatively large size of field coil and relatively low field copper loss is favourable for achieving high thrust force for the current EEFSLM design.Moreover,the thrust force is raised by 13-15%compared with using the FCLM.The electromagnetic and thermal performance of the EEFSLM is validated by the prototype test.
