As one of the three key drivers of economic growth,export has been playing an important and positive role in the Chinese economy.According to the National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank,China’s gross domestic pr...As one of the three key drivers of economic growth,export has been playing an important and positive role in the Chinese economy.According to the National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank,China’s gross domestic product(GDP)in 2004 was US$1.96 trillion,with a total export of US$593.4 billion,accounting for 30.3 percent of GDP.Across the following 20 years,the share of export in GDP gradually declined to 24.47 percent in 2014 and 18.87 percent in 2024.But a look at China’s share of the global export market shows a continuing upward trend,and China’s position as the largest trading nation in goods has also become more secure.展开更多
1.Export situation from January to June 20241.1 Overall export situation of rare earth products Export value of rare earth products showed a wholistic down trend affected by the continuousdecline in rare earth prices ...1.Export situation from January to June 20241.1 Overall export situation of rare earth products Export value of rare earth products showed a wholistic down trend affected by the continuousdecline in rare earth prices in the first half year,however,export volume increased.According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs,from January to June 2024,China's cumulative export of rare earth products was 29,095 tons,an increase of 11%year-on-year,with a cumulative export value of 256 million US dollars,a decrease of 43% year-on-year,Figure 1.展开更多
The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the p...The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.展开更多
Lassa fever(LF)is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus(LASV)[1].LASV is transmitted to humans primarily through direct contact with infected Mastomys rodents,or items polluted by infected rodents[2...Lassa fever(LF)is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus(LASV)[1].LASV is transmitted to humans primarily through direct contact with infected Mastomys rodents,or items polluted by infected rodents[2].LF is difficult to diagnose without laboratory tests because of its various symptoms,ranging from no symptoms to multiple organ failure and death[2].West Africa is the traditionally endemic regions for LF,with confirmed and sporadic outbreaks reported in countries,such as Nigeria,Burkina Faso and Guinea[2].LF cases have also been detected in some non-endemic regions due to international travels[3,4],for example,the United Kingdom found LF imported cases from Mali[5].This indicates that the countries are exposed to imported risks of LF due to the globalization.The recent publication[6]reported the first imported cases of LF in China,providing important insights into the understanding and control of the emerging infectious disease.展开更多
Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmen...Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmental gradients.Particularly,the relative importance(RIV)of different plant life forms in a community and how they vary with environmental variables are still unclear.To fill these gaps,we determined plant diversity of ephemeral plants,annual herbs,perennial herbs,and woody plants from 187 sites across drylands in China.The SR patterns of herbaceous plants,especially perennial herbs,and their RIV in plant communities increased with increasing precipitation and soil nutrient content;however,the RIV of annual herbs was not altered along these gradients.The SR and RIV of ephemeral plants were affected mainly by precipitation seasonality.The SR of woody plants had a unimodal relationship with air temperature and exhibited the highest RIV and SR percentage in plant communities under the harshest environments.An obvious shift emerged in plant community composition,SR and their critical impact factors at 238.5 mm of mean annual precipitation(MAP).In mesic regions(>238.5 mm),herbs were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively slow decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by MAP and soil nutrients.In arid regions(<238.5 mm),woody plants were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively fast decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by climate variables,especially precipitation.Our findings highlight the importance of comparative life form studies in community structure and biodiversity,as their responses to gradients differed substantially on a large scale.展开更多
Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the preven...Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF.Methods Samples of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),blood,urine,saliva,and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection.Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus.Results LASV was detected in the patient’s CSF,blood,and urine,while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative.The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone.The variability in the glycoprotein complex(GPC)among different strains ranged from 3.9%to 15.1%,higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages.Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes,increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response.Conclusion The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection,with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread.The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV,with broader GPC variability than previously reported.Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses,necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.展开更多
Under the background of Sino-US trade friction,soybean,as an important variety in the important and export trade of agricultural products,has become a key bargaining chip. After the Ministry of Commerce of China annou...Under the background of Sino-US trade friction,soybean,as an important variety in the important and export trade of agricultural products,has become a key bargaining chip. After the Ministry of Commerce of China announced the counter list of agricultural products including soybean,the price fluctuations of domestic soybean and related agricultural products are rapidly expanding. Under the background of SinoUS trade friction,taking the soybean-producing areas in Heilongjiang as an example,the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the important and export pattern of soybean in Heilongjiang was explored to provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of soybean industry in Heilongjiang.展开更多
This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project(version 7)database to calculate embodied CO2emissions in bilateral trade between China and other countries(regions)based on input-output methods.The sources and flows ...This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project(version 7)database to calculate embodied CO2emissions in bilateral trade between China and other countries(regions)based on input-output methods.The sources and flows of embodied CO2emissions in import and export trade of China are analyzed.Results show that the flows of embodied CO2emissions in export trade are highly concentrated.The main flows to the United States(US)and Japan account for 1/4 and 1/7 of the total CO2emissions in export trade,respectively.Concentrated flows of total exports and small differences in export structure are the main reasons for the highly concentrated export trade.The sources of embodied CO2emissions in import trade have relatively low concentration.Taiwan Province of China,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,US,Russia,Republic of Korea,and Japan account for around 7.72%–12.67%of the total embodied CO2emissions in import trade.The relative dispersion of import sources,the impact of the import structure,and the level of production technology in importing countries caused low concentration of CO2emissions in import trade.Overall,the embodied CO2emissions in the export trade of China are higher than those in import trade.As a result,production-based CO2emissions are higher than consumption-based CO2emissions.The difference of 8.96×108t of CO2,which comes mainly from the US,Japan,Germany,and the United Kingdom,accounts for 58.70%of the total difference.Some suggestions,such as improving energy efficiency,alerting high carbon-intensive industries transfer,expanding the market for sharing risks,and prompting the accounting system of consumption-based CO2emissions,are proposed based on the results.展开更多
In this paper,the effects of rainfall on nutrient import and export in the broad-leaved evergreen forest in southwest Yunnan Province have been observed. The results show that in the process of rainfall the nutrient i...In this paper,the effects of rainfall on nutrient import and export in the broad-leaved evergreen forest in southwest Yunnan Province have been observed. The results show that in the process of rainfall the nutrient import in rainfall is mainly N and the major elements of nutrient import in throughrain are P, K and Mg. They occupy 69. 85%,77.33%,98.19%,and 80. 40% of the total nutrient import respectively. Ca occupies about half of the total nutrient import in rainfall and throughrain and the percentages are 45.35% and 54.38% respectively. The major form of nutrient export is soil percolation.N,P, K,Ca and Mg occupy 96.52%,86.79%, 69.13%, 98.17% and 97.21 % of the total nutrient export respectively.In nutrient cycle,N,P,K and Ca increase 25. 94 kg/(ha.a),0. 353 kg/(ha.a),3. 83 kg/(ha.a),1. 26 kg/(ha.a) respectively,but Mg reduces 0. 654 kg/(ha. a).展开更多
In agricultural catchments where groundwater (GW) base flow discharge contributes substantially towards stream flow, the information linking GW inflow/outflow with contaminant import/export is scarce. However, this in...In agricultural catchments where groundwater (GW) base flow discharge contributes substantially towards stream flow, the information linking GW inflow/outflow with contaminant import/export is scarce. However, this information is essential to address aquatic ecosystem health hazard/risk associated with nitrate export and subsequent loading in sensitive surface water bodies (SWB). The objectives of this study were to assess the temporal dynamics of (i) rain water inflow/outflow behaviour in three agricultural catchments in the humid tropics of far-northeast Queensland of Australia, (ii) solute import via inflow and subsequent export in outflow, and (iii) the association between GW inflow/outflow and solute import/export. Approximately 71% of the average seasonal rainfall percolated (inflow) into the porous basaltic regolith of the Johnstone River Catchment (JRC) compared with 44% into the alluvial regolith in the Mulgrave River Catchment (MRC) and 29% into the metamorphic regolith in the Tully River Catchment (TRC), respectively. The outflows from the basaltic, alluvial, and metamorphic regoliths were 56%, 36%, and 55% of the inflows, respectively. The cumulative nitrate import per season was 25 k/ha in the JRC compared with 11 kg/ha in MRC and 34 kg/ha in TRC. The corresponding exports were 24 kg/ha, 8 kg/ha 26 kg/ha in JRC, MRC, and TRC, respectively. The total dissolved solute (TDS) exports were 82%, 77%, 75%, of the corresponding imports in JRC, MRC, and TRC, respectively. Simple correlations indicated that nitrate export was positively correlated with the outflow in each one of the regolith and similar trends were observed between inflow and import. The import/export mass balance for nitrate shows that 73% to 96% of the imports were exported during the same rainy season, suggesting the potential for nitrate associated ecosystem health hazard/risk in sensitive SWB receiving the outflows.展开更多
With the rapid development of foreign trade in China, industrial import and export has been an absolute subject in recent years. The huge trade surplus of import and export trade of industrial products brings not only...With the rapid development of foreign trade in China, industrial import and export has been an absolute subject in recent years. The huge trade surplus of import and export trade of industrial products brings not only high profits, but also pollution costs as well. Based on the concept of water pollution footprints(WPFs), this study applies the input-output method and calculates pollutant-producing coefficients of 20 major industrial sectors in China and investigates the WPFs caused by the import and export trades of these industrial sectors. The research results show that WPF resulting from exports exceeds that of imports from 2011 to 2015 in China. The net inflow of pollution footprint is mainly from paper mills, printing and stationery manufacturing, and textile industry; whereas a great number of WPFs are transferred to other countries by these sectors,such as metal mining and dressing industry and oil and natural gas exploitation industry.展开更多
This paper describes the relation between Greek imports and exports of paper and paperboard and a number of major macroeconomic variables, such as population, gross domestic product, the industrial production index an...This paper describes the relation between Greek imports and exports of paper and paperboard and a number of major macroeconomic variables, such as population, gross domestic product, the industrial production index and domestic round wood production. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were employed in the analysis of the data. The study shows that there is no significant relation between paper and paperboard imports as a dependent variable and population, gross domestic product and domestic round wood production as independent variables. Despite this, an acceptable model is constructed using only gross domestic product as an independent variable. The study also shows that there is a significant relation between the export of paper and paperboard and gross domestic product, the industrial production index and round wood production. The results indicate that gross domestic product as an independent variable has the greatest effect on wood imports and exports in Greece during the period studied. Using these models is confirmed that the use of socioeconomic variables and the construction of future scenarios for the Greek forest sector is very efficient considering the special characteristics of the Greek economy. These models could help the establishment of economic growth, the reduction of the financial and ecological deficit, the implementation of economic reforms and to increase new investments.展开更多
In 2016,China's net imports of crude oil increased to 378.3 million tons and its net exports of product oil soared to 20.45 million tons.Refinery crude runs continue to grow at a low rate,and the domestic product ...In 2016,China's net imports of crude oil increased to 378.3 million tons and its net exports of product oil soared to 20.45 million tons.Refinery crude runs continue to grow at a low rate,and the domestic product oil market still has a supply surplus.Diesel consumption fell for the first time in 21 years.The liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) market continues to grow rapidly,spurred on by feedstock demand for chemicals and gasoline blending components,and imports of LPG have reached a record high of 16.12 million tons.The refinery throughput of Petro China and SINOPEC had declined for 2 consecutive years,but crude oil imports climbed to a new high of 381 million tons as independent refineries boosted their utilization of capacity and the domestic oilfields produced a decreased amount of output.Imported oil now accounts for more than 2/3 of the Chinese market compared to being only about 1/3 15 years ago.Moreover,the proportion of imported crude in refinery runs has risen to 70%.In 2017,China's economy will continue to face substantial pressure,and domestic demand for product oil will continue to grow slowly.展开更多
China has been the biggest country in production and exporting of refractories. The article describes the problems in the export and import and suggestions on development of refractories. In the future, China will exp...China has been the biggest country in production and exporting of refractories. The article describes the problems in the export and import and suggestions on development of refractories. In the future, China will expand its cooperation with world refractories community in science, technology, economy and trade to play a more important role in the international and domestic markets.展开更多
Since the founding of the Import and Export Bank of China, one of the few policy banks in China and the first of its kind to support the import and export trade, on July 1, 1994, it has aroused great attention in fina...Since the founding of the Import and Export Bank of China, one of the few policy banks in China and the first of its kind to support the import and export trade, on July 1, 1994, it has aroused great attention in financial, economic and trade fields at home and abroad. The bank was co-established by the Bank of China, the Ministry of Foreign Trade展开更多
China’s foreign trade in 2015 2015 was a very unusual year in the history of China’s foreign trade,the situation became more complicated,and downward pressure increased significantly.According to Customs figures,Ch...China’s foreign trade in 2015 2015 was a very unusual year in the history of China’s foreign trade,the situation became more complicated,and downward pressure increased significantly.According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in 2015 reached 24.58 trillion yuan,down 7%year on year(the same below).Export was 14.14 trillion yuan,down 1.8%,and import 10.45 trillion yuan。展开更多
1.Export 1.1 Export quantity In 2020,China exported totally 40,800 tons of NdFeB products including rare earth permanent magnets,NdFeB magnetic powder,other NdFeB alloys and permanent magnetic cast strip,with a year-o...1.Export 1.1 Export quantity In 2020,China exported totally 40,800 tons of NdFeB products including rare earth permanent magnets,NdFeB magnetic powder,other NdFeB alloys and permanent magnetic cast strip,with a year-on-year increase of 0.24 percent.The export value was 1.782 billion US dollars,a year-on-year increase of 0.14 percent.The average price was 43.65 US dollars per kilogram,with a year-on-year decrease of 0.10 percent.展开更多
文摘As one of the three key drivers of economic growth,export has been playing an important and positive role in the Chinese economy.According to the National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank,China’s gross domestic product(GDP)in 2004 was US$1.96 trillion,with a total export of US$593.4 billion,accounting for 30.3 percent of GDP.Across the following 20 years,the share of export in GDP gradually declined to 24.47 percent in 2014 and 18.87 percent in 2024.But a look at China’s share of the global export market shows a continuing upward trend,and China’s position as the largest trading nation in goods has also become more secure.
文摘1.Export situation from January to June 20241.1 Overall export situation of rare earth products Export value of rare earth products showed a wholistic down trend affected by the continuousdecline in rare earth prices in the first half year,however,export volume increased.According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs,from January to June 2024,China's cumulative export of rare earth products was 29,095 tons,an increase of 11%year-on-year,with a cumulative export value of 256 million US dollars,a decrease of 43% year-on-year,Figure 1.
文摘The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.
文摘Lassa fever(LF)is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease caused by Lassa virus(LASV)[1].LASV is transmitted to humans primarily through direct contact with infected Mastomys rodents,or items polluted by infected rodents[2].LF is difficult to diagnose without laboratory tests because of its various symptoms,ranging from no symptoms to multiple organ failure and death[2].West Africa is the traditionally endemic regions for LF,with confirmed and sporadic outbreaks reported in countries,such as Nigeria,Burkina Faso and Guinea[2].LF cases have also been detected in some non-endemic regions due to international travels[3,4],for example,the United Kingdom found LF imported cases from Mali[5].This indicates that the countries are exposed to imported risks of LF due to the globalization.The recent publication[6]reported the first imported cases of LF in China,providing important insights into the understanding and control of the emerging infectious disease.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225032,32001192,32271597)+1 种基金the Innovation Base Project of Gansu Province(2021YFF0703904)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(24JRRA515,22JR5RA525,23JRRA1157).
文摘Studies on plant diversity are usually based on the total number of species in a community.However,few studies have examined species richness(SR)of different plant life forms in a community along largescale environmental gradients.Particularly,the relative importance(RIV)of different plant life forms in a community and how they vary with environmental variables are still unclear.To fill these gaps,we determined plant diversity of ephemeral plants,annual herbs,perennial herbs,and woody plants from 187 sites across drylands in China.The SR patterns of herbaceous plants,especially perennial herbs,and their RIV in plant communities increased with increasing precipitation and soil nutrient content;however,the RIV of annual herbs was not altered along these gradients.The SR and RIV of ephemeral plants were affected mainly by precipitation seasonality.The SR of woody plants had a unimodal relationship with air temperature and exhibited the highest RIV and SR percentage in plant communities under the harshest environments.An obvious shift emerged in plant community composition,SR and their critical impact factors at 238.5 mm of mean annual precipitation(MAP).In mesic regions(>238.5 mm),herbs were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively slow decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by MAP and soil nutrients.In arid regions(<238.5 mm),woody plants were the dominant species,and the SR displayed a relatively fast decreasing rate with increasing aridity,which was mediated mainly by climate variables,especially precipitation.Our findings highlight the importance of comparative life form studies in community structure and biodiversity,as their responses to gradients differed substantially on a large scale.
基金supported by Public Health Talent Training and Surport Plan(National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control)Research and application of new technology for rapid monitoring and tracing of emergent infectious diseases among entry-exit population(2024YFFK0056)Monitoring,Early warning and Response of Major Infectious Diseases(2022ZDZX0017).
文摘Objective This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever(LF)in China.Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus(LASV)from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF.Methods Samples of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),blood,urine,saliva,and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection.Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus.Results LASV was detected in the patient’s CSF,blood,and urine,while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative.The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone.The variability in the glycoprotein complex(GPC)among different strains ranged from 3.9%to 15.1%,higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages.Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes,increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response.Conclusion The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection,with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread.The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV,with broader GPC variability than previously reported.Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses,necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.
基金Supported by Tianjin Third National Agricultural Census Project (TJ2016NP023)
文摘Under the background of Sino-US trade friction,soybean,as an important variety in the important and export trade of agricultural products,has become a key bargaining chip. After the Ministry of Commerce of China announced the counter list of agricultural products including soybean,the price fluctuations of domestic soybean and related agricultural products are rapidly expanding. Under the background of SinoUS trade friction,taking the soybean-producing areas in Heilongjiang as an example,the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the important and export pattern of soybean in Heilongjiang was explored to provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of soybean industry in Heilongjiang.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40905062,71103012)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB955904)
文摘This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project(version 7)database to calculate embodied CO2emissions in bilateral trade between China and other countries(regions)based on input-output methods.The sources and flows of embodied CO2emissions in import and export trade of China are analyzed.Results show that the flows of embodied CO2emissions in export trade are highly concentrated.The main flows to the United States(US)and Japan account for 1/4 and 1/7 of the total CO2emissions in export trade,respectively.Concentrated flows of total exports and small differences in export structure are the main reasons for the highly concentrated export trade.The sources of embodied CO2emissions in import trade have relatively low concentration.Taiwan Province of China,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,US,Russia,Republic of Korea,and Japan account for around 7.72%–12.67%of the total embodied CO2emissions in import trade.The relative dispersion of import sources,the impact of the import structure,and the level of production technology in importing countries caused low concentration of CO2emissions in import trade.Overall,the embodied CO2emissions in the export trade of China are higher than those in import trade.As a result,production-based CO2emissions are higher than consumption-based CO2emissions.The difference of 8.96×108t of CO2,which comes mainly from the US,Japan,Germany,and the United Kingdom,accounts for 58.70%of the total difference.Some suggestions,such as improving energy efficiency,alerting high carbon-intensive industries transfer,expanding the market for sharing risks,and prompting the accounting system of consumption-based CO2emissions,are proposed based on the results.
文摘In this paper,the effects of rainfall on nutrient import and export in the broad-leaved evergreen forest in southwest Yunnan Province have been observed. The results show that in the process of rainfall the nutrient import in rainfall is mainly N and the major elements of nutrient import in throughrain are P, K and Mg. They occupy 69. 85%,77.33%,98.19%,and 80. 40% of the total nutrient import respectively. Ca occupies about half of the total nutrient import in rainfall and throughrain and the percentages are 45.35% and 54.38% respectively. The major form of nutrient export is soil percolation.N,P, K,Ca and Mg occupy 96.52%,86.79%, 69.13%, 98.17% and 97.21 % of the total nutrient export respectively.In nutrient cycle,N,P,K and Ca increase 25. 94 kg/(ha.a),0. 353 kg/(ha.a),3. 83 kg/(ha.a),1. 26 kg/(ha.a) respectively,but Mg reduces 0. 654 kg/(ha. a).
文摘In agricultural catchments where groundwater (GW) base flow discharge contributes substantially towards stream flow, the information linking GW inflow/outflow with contaminant import/export is scarce. However, this information is essential to address aquatic ecosystem health hazard/risk associated with nitrate export and subsequent loading in sensitive surface water bodies (SWB). The objectives of this study were to assess the temporal dynamics of (i) rain water inflow/outflow behaviour in three agricultural catchments in the humid tropics of far-northeast Queensland of Australia, (ii) solute import via inflow and subsequent export in outflow, and (iii) the association between GW inflow/outflow and solute import/export. Approximately 71% of the average seasonal rainfall percolated (inflow) into the porous basaltic regolith of the Johnstone River Catchment (JRC) compared with 44% into the alluvial regolith in the Mulgrave River Catchment (MRC) and 29% into the metamorphic regolith in the Tully River Catchment (TRC), respectively. The outflows from the basaltic, alluvial, and metamorphic regoliths were 56%, 36%, and 55% of the inflows, respectively. The cumulative nitrate import per season was 25 k/ha in the JRC compared with 11 kg/ha in MRC and 34 kg/ha in TRC. The corresponding exports were 24 kg/ha, 8 kg/ha 26 kg/ha in JRC, MRC, and TRC, respectively. The total dissolved solute (TDS) exports were 82%, 77%, 75%, of the corresponding imports in JRC, MRC, and TRC, respectively. Simple correlations indicated that nitrate export was positively correlated with the outflow in each one of the regolith and similar trends were observed between inflow and import. The import/export mass balance for nitrate shows that 73% to 96% of the imports were exported during the same rainy season, suggesting the potential for nitrate associated ecosystem health hazard/risk in sensitive SWB receiving the outflows.
文摘With the rapid development of foreign trade in China, industrial import and export has been an absolute subject in recent years. The huge trade surplus of import and export trade of industrial products brings not only high profits, but also pollution costs as well. Based on the concept of water pollution footprints(WPFs), this study applies the input-output method and calculates pollutant-producing coefficients of 20 major industrial sectors in China and investigates the WPFs caused by the import and export trades of these industrial sectors. The research results show that WPF resulting from exports exceeds that of imports from 2011 to 2015 in China. The net inflow of pollution footprint is mainly from paper mills, printing and stationery manufacturing, and textile industry; whereas a great number of WPFs are transferred to other countries by these sectors,such as metal mining and dressing industry and oil and natural gas exploitation industry.
文摘This paper describes the relation between Greek imports and exports of paper and paperboard and a number of major macroeconomic variables, such as population, gross domestic product, the industrial production index and domestic round wood production. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were employed in the analysis of the data. The study shows that there is no significant relation between paper and paperboard imports as a dependent variable and population, gross domestic product and domestic round wood production as independent variables. Despite this, an acceptable model is constructed using only gross domestic product as an independent variable. The study also shows that there is a significant relation between the export of paper and paperboard and gross domestic product, the industrial production index and round wood production. The results indicate that gross domestic product as an independent variable has the greatest effect on wood imports and exports in Greece during the period studied. Using these models is confirmed that the use of socioeconomic variables and the construction of future scenarios for the Greek forest sector is very efficient considering the special characteristics of the Greek economy. These models could help the establishment of economic growth, the reduction of the financial and ecological deficit, the implementation of economic reforms and to increase new investments.
文摘In 2016,China's net imports of crude oil increased to 378.3 million tons and its net exports of product oil soared to 20.45 million tons.Refinery crude runs continue to grow at a low rate,and the domestic product oil market still has a supply surplus.Diesel consumption fell for the first time in 21 years.The liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) market continues to grow rapidly,spurred on by feedstock demand for chemicals and gasoline blending components,and imports of LPG have reached a record high of 16.12 million tons.The refinery throughput of Petro China and SINOPEC had declined for 2 consecutive years,but crude oil imports climbed to a new high of 381 million tons as independent refineries boosted their utilization of capacity and the domestic oilfields produced a decreased amount of output.Imported oil now accounts for more than 2/3 of the Chinese market compared to being only about 1/3 15 years ago.Moreover,the proportion of imported crude in refinery runs has risen to 70%.In 2017,China's economy will continue to face substantial pressure,and domestic demand for product oil will continue to grow slowly.
文摘China has been the biggest country in production and exporting of refractories. The article describes the problems in the export and import and suggestions on development of refractories. In the future, China will expand its cooperation with world refractories community in science, technology, economy and trade to play a more important role in the international and domestic markets.
文摘Since the founding of the Import and Export Bank of China, one of the few policy banks in China and the first of its kind to support the import and export trade, on July 1, 1994, it has aroused great attention in financial, economic and trade fields at home and abroad. The bank was co-established by the Bank of China, the Ministry of Foreign Trade
文摘China’s foreign trade in 2015 2015 was a very unusual year in the history of China’s foreign trade,the situation became more complicated,and downward pressure increased significantly.According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in 2015 reached 24.58 trillion yuan,down 7%year on year(the same below).Export was 14.14 trillion yuan,down 1.8%,and import 10.45 trillion yuan。
文摘1.Export 1.1 Export quantity In 2020,China exported totally 40,800 tons of NdFeB products including rare earth permanent magnets,NdFeB magnetic powder,other NdFeB alloys and permanent magnetic cast strip,with a year-on-year increase of 0.24 percent.The export value was 1.782 billion US dollars,a year-on-year increase of 0.14 percent.The average price was 43.65 US dollars per kilogram,with a year-on-year decrease of 0.10 percent.
