Investigating highly effective electrocatalysts for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC)requires the resistance to phosphate acid(PA)poisoning at cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Recen...Investigating highly effective electrocatalysts for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC)requires the resistance to phosphate acid(PA)poisoning at cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Recent advancements in catalysts have focused on alleviating phosphoric anion adsorption on Pt-based catalysts with modified electronic structure or catalytic interface and developing Fe-N-C based catalysts with immunity of PA poisoning.Fe-N-C-based catalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to Pt-based catalysts,offering significant potential to overcome the characteristic adsorption of phosphate anion on Pt.An overview of these developments provides insights into catalytic mechanisms and facilitates the design of more efficient catalysts.This review begins with an exploration of basic poisoning principles,followed by a critical summary of characterization techniques employed to identified the underlying mechanism of poisoning effect.Attention is then directed to endeavors aimed at enhancing the HT-PEMFC performance by well-designed catalysts.Finally,the opportunities and challenges in developing the anti-PA poisoning strategy and practical HT-PEMFC is discussed.Through these discussions,a comprehensive understanding of PA-poisoning bottlenecks and inspire future research directions is aim to provided.展开更多
The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and elec...The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials stand as two key components that significantly impact the efficacy of hightemperature-tolerant FSCs(HT-FSCs). They should not only exhibit high electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility, but also withstand intense thermal stress. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing their thermal stability while maintaining high electrochemical and mechanical performance. In this review, the fundamentals of HT-FSCs are outlined. A comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art progress and achievements in HT-FSCs, with a focus on thermally stable gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials is provided. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding HT-FSCs are discussed, alongside strategies for elevating operational temperatures and performance.This review offers both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for designing and manufacturing HT-FSCs, further promoting their widespread adoption across diverse fields.展开更多
Burial dissolution is a critical diagenetic process influencing ultra-deep carbonate reservoir development and preservation.Artificial carbonate samples with different internal structures were prepared,and high-temper...Burial dissolution is a critical diagenetic process influencing ultra-deep carbonate reservoir development and preservation.Artificial carbonate samples with different internal structures were prepared,and high-temperature and highpressure dissolution kinetic simulations were conducted.The results demonstrate that the intensity of burial dissolution is controlled by temperature and pressure,while tectonic-fluid activity influences the development pattern of burial dissolution,ultimately determining the direction of its differential modification.Extensive burial dissolution is likely to occur primarily at relatively shallow depths,significantly influencing reservoir formation,preservation,modification,and adjustment.The development of faults facilitates the maintenance of the intensity of burial dissolution.The maximum intensity of burial dissolution occurs at the tips and overlap zones of faults and intersections of multiple faults.The larger the scale of the faults,the more conducive it is to the development of burial dissolution.Burial dissolution fosters the formation of fault networks characterized by enhanced reservoir capacity and permeability.Burial dissolution controlled by episodic tectonic-fluid activity is a plausible explanation for forming the Tarim Basin's ultra-deep fault-controlled“stringbead-like”reservoirs.展开更多
The increase in frequency and intensity of Extreme High-temperature Events(EHEs)over Central-Eastern China(CEC)in recent decades has severely impacted social development and livelihoods.Using observation and reanalysi...The increase in frequency and intensity of Extreme High-temperature Events(EHEs)over Central-Eastern China(CEC)in recent decades has severely impacted social development and livelihoods.Using observation and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the effect of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream(EAJ)on the CEC EHEs for the summers spanning 1979–2020.Considering its general relative location to the right side of the upper-level jet stream exit region,CEC would theoretically suffer more EHEs with a stronger and northwardly-shifted EAJ in summer due to the likelihood of abnormal subsidence induced by the EAJ.However,such an EAJ–EHE connection has been unstable over the past four decades but has displayed an evident interdecadal change.Before the late 1990s,the interannual variation of the EAJ was manifested mainly by its meridional displacement in the northeastern part of East Asia;thus,the atmospheric responses were essentially located to the east of CEC,exerting less of an influence on the CEC EHEs.However,since the late 1990s,the EAJ variation has featured an intensity change in its center over the northwest portion of the CEC,which has resulted in a westward shift in atmospheric responses to cover the CEC region.Therefore,the EAJ could potentially affect the summer CEC EHEs during 2000–21.Our findings offer support for an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanisms of extreme weather/climate events of this nature and thus provide a scientific reference for seasonal climate predictions.展开更多
Despite notable progress in thermoelectric(TE)materials and devices,developing TE aerogels with high-temperature resistance,superior TE performance and excellent elasticity to enable self-powered high-temperature moni...Despite notable progress in thermoelectric(TE)materials and devices,developing TE aerogels with high-temperature resistance,superior TE performance and excellent elasticity to enable self-powered high-temperature monitoring/warning in industrial and wearable applications remains a great challenge.Herein,a highly elastic,flame-retardant and high-temperature-resistant TE aerogel,made of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/single-walled carbon nanotube(PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT)composites,has been fabricated,displaying attractive compression-induced power factor enhancement.The as-fabricated sensors with the aerogel can achieve accurately pressure stimuli detection and wide temperature range monitoring.Subsequently,a flexible TE generator is assembled,consisting of 25 aerogels connected in series,capable of delivering a maximum output power of 400μW when subjected to a temperature difference of 300 K.This demonstrates its outstanding high-temperature heat harvesting capability and promising application prospects for real-time temperature monitoring on industrial high-temperature pipelines.Moreover,the designed self-powered wearable sensing glove can realize precise wide-range temperature detection,high-temperature warning and accurate recognition of human hand gestures.The aerogel-based intelligent wearable sensing system developed for firefighters demonstrates the desired self-powered and highly sensitive high-temperature fire warning capability.Benefitting from these desirable properties,the elastic and high-temperature-resistant aerogels present various promising applications including self-powered high-temperature monitoring,industrial overheat warning,waste heat energy recycling and even wearable healthcare.展开更多
Optimizing the high-temperature energy storage characteristics of energy storage dielectrics is of great significance for the development of pulsed power devices and power control systems.Selecting a polymer with a hi...Optimizing the high-temperature energy storage characteristics of energy storage dielectrics is of great significance for the development of pulsed power devices and power control systems.Selecting a polymer with a higher glass transition temperature(T_(g))as the matrix is one of the effective ways to increase the upper limit of the polymer operating temperature.However,current high-T_(g)polymers have limitations,and it is difficult to meet the demand for high-temperature energy storage dielectrics with only one polymer.For example,polyetherimide has high-energy storage efficiency,but low breakdown strength at high temperatures.Polyimide has high corona resistance,but low high-temperature energy storage efficiency.In this work,combining the advantages of two polymer,a novel high-T_(g)polymer fiber-reinforced microstructure is designed.Polyimide is designed as extremely fine fibers distributed in the composite dielectric,which will facilitate the reduction of high-temperature conductivity loss for polyimide.At the same time,due to the high-temperature resistance and corona resistance of polyimide,the high-temperature breakdown strength of the composite dielectric is enhanced.After the polyimide content with the best high-temperature energy storage characteristics is determined,molecular semiconductors(ITIC)are blended into the polyimide fibers to further improve the high-temperature efficiency.Ultimately,excellent high-temperature energy storage properties are obtained.The 0.25 vol%ITIC-polyimide/polyetherimide composite exhibits high-energy density and high discharge efficiency at 150℃(2.9 J cm^(-3),90%)and 180℃(2.16 J cm^(-3),90%).This work provides a scalable design idea for high-performance all-organic high-temperature energy storage dielectrics.展开更多
Facing the complex variable high-temperature environment,electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials maintaining high stability and satisfying absorbing properties is essential.This study focused on the synthesis and...Facing the complex variable high-temperature environment,electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials maintaining high stability and satisfying absorbing properties is essential.This study focused on the synthesis and EMW absorbing performance evaluation of TiN/Fe_(2)N/C composite materials,which were prepared using electrostatic spinning followed by a high-temperature nitridation process.The TiN/Fe_(2)N/C fibers constructed a well-developed conductive network that generates considerable conduction loss.The heterogeneous interfaces between different components generated a significant level of interfacial polarization.Thanks to the synergistic effect of stable dielectric loss and optimized impedance matching,the TiN/Fe_(2)N/C composite materials demonstrated excellent and stable absorption performance across a wide temperature range(293-453 K).Moreover,TiN/Fe_(2)N/C-15 achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL)of−48.01 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.64 GHz at 2.1 mm and 373 K.This work provides new insights into the development of high-efficiency and stabile EMW absorbing materials under complex variable high-temperature conditions.展开更多
This paper examines the nutrition impacts of using non-solid cooking fuel on under-five children in developing countries.We draw on data from more than 1.12 million children in 62 developing countries from the Demogra...This paper examines the nutrition impacts of using non-solid cooking fuel on under-five children in developing countries.We draw on data from more than 1.12 million children in 62 developing countries from the Demographic and Health Surveys(DHS).Results from both fixed effects(FE)and instrumental variable(IV)estimates show that using non-solid cooking fuel significantly improves the nutrition outcomes of under-five children.Compared with their peers from households mainly using solid fuel,children from households mainly using non-solid fuel exhibit a lower probability of experiencing stunting(by 5.9 percentage points)and being underweight(by 1.2 percentage points).Our further investigation provides evidence for several underlying mechanisms,such as improved indoor air quality,induced reduction in children’s respiratory symptoms,benefits on maternal health,and reduction in maternal time spent on fuel collection or cooking.Heterogenous analyses suggest that the nutrition benefits of using non-solid cooking fuel are more prominent among boys,children above three years old,and those from households of lower socioeconomic status,rural areas,and Southeast Asia.展开更多
Second-generation high-temperature superconducting(HTS)conductors,specifically rare earth-barium-copper-oxide(REBCO)coated conductor(CC)tapes,are promising candidates for high-energy and high-field superconducting app...Second-generation high-temperature superconducting(HTS)conductors,specifically rare earth-barium-copper-oxide(REBCO)coated conductor(CC)tapes,are promising candidates for high-energy and high-field superconducting applications.With respect to epoxy-impregnated REBCO composite magnets that comprise multilayer components,the thermomechanical characteristics of each component differ considerably under extremely low temperatures and strong electromagnetic fields.Traditional numerical models include homogenized orthotropic models,which simplify overall field calculation but miss detailed multi-physics aspects,and full refinement(FR)ones that are thorough but computationally demanding.Herein,we propose an extended multi-scale approach for analyzing the multi-field characteristics of an epoxy-impregnated composite magnet assembled by HTS pancake coils.This approach combines a global homogenization(GH)scheme based on the homogenized electromagnetic T-A model,a method for solving Maxwell's equations for superconducting materials based on the current vector potential T and the magnetic field vector potential A,and a homogenized orthotropic thermoelastic model to assess the electromagnetic and thermoelastic properties at the macroscopic scale.We then identify“dangerous regions”at the macroscopic scale and obtain finer details using a local refinement(LR)scheme to capture the responses of each component material in the HTS composite tapes at the mesoscopic scale.The results of the present GH-LR multi-scale approach agree well with those of the FR scheme and the experimental data in the literature,indicating that the present approach is accurate and efficient.The proposed GH-LR multi-scale approach can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the risk of failure in large-scale HTS composite magnets.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate three features of dietary cooking oil intake,namely,the consumption,cooking style,and composition of fatty acids in relation to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese popul...OBJECTIVE To investigate three features of dietary cooking oil intake,namely,the consumption,cooking style,and composition of fatty acids in relation to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.METHODS The elderly(≥65 years)participants for this study were recruited from two community health centers in the urban area of Shanghai.A questionnaire was administered to collect information on dietary oil consumption(low,medium and high)and cooking styles(fry or stir-fry vs.others)and the composition of fatty acids(poly-unsaturated vs.mono-unsaturated).The cardiometabolic measurements included anthropometry,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids.RESULTS The 1186 study participants had a mean age of 70.9±5.4 years.The mean dietary oil consumption was 35.0 g/d,being low(<25 g/d),medium(25-49 g/d)and high(≥50 g/d)in 485,467 and 234 participants,respectively.The proportion of the fry or stir-fry cooking style and oils rich in mono-unsaturated fatty acids was 30.4%and 27.4%,respectively.Both before and after adjustment for sex,age,current smoking and alcohol intake,dietary oil consumption was significantly(P≤0.02)and positively associated with the prevalence of treated hypertension and fasting plasma glucose concentration.With similar adjustments as above and additional adjustment for dietary oil consumption,the fry or stir-fry cooking style was significantly(P≤0.048)and positively associated with body mass index,but inversely with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and the dietary intake of oils rich in mono-unsaturated fat acids was significantly(P≤0.02)and positively associated with diastolic blood pressure,serum triglycerides,total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.CONCLUSIONS This study showed that both the consumption and composition of fatty acids of the dietary oils mattered with regard to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.展开更多
Dear Editor,We report a case with trans-photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)for recurrent epithelial corneal erosion caused by cooking oil after EVO-implantable contact lens(ICL)(EVO Visian ICL;STAAR Surgical AG,Switzerla...Dear Editor,We report a case with trans-photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)for recurrent epithelial corneal erosion caused by cooking oil after EVO-implantable contact lens(ICL)(EVO Visian ICL;STAAR Surgical AG,Switzerland),which should be distinguished from postoperative complications of EVO-ICL.Most corneal burns are classified as chemical and thermal burns,referring to direct contact injury to the cornea.展开更多
High-temperature treatment is key to the preparation of zeolite catalysts.Herein,the effects of hightemperature treatment on the property and performance of HZSM-5 zeolites were studied in this work.X-Ray diffraction,...High-temperature treatment is key to the preparation of zeolite catalysts.Herein,the effects of hightemperature treatment on the property and performance of HZSM-5 zeolites were studied in this work.X-Ray diffraction,N2physisorption,27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance(MAS NMR),and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia results indicated that the hightemperature treatment at 650℃ hardly affected the inherent crystal and texture of HZSM-5zeolites but facilitated the conversion of framework Al to extra-framework Al,reducing the acid site and enhancing the acid strength.Moreover,the high-temperature treatment improved the performance of HZSM-5 zeolites in n-heptane catalytic cracking,promoting the conversion and light olefins yield while inhibiting coke formation.Based on the kinetic and mechanism analysis,the improvement of HZSM-5 performance caused by high-temperature treatment has been attributed to the formation of extra-framework Al,which enhanced the acid strength,facilitated the bimolecular reaction,and promoted the entropy change to overcome a higher energy barrier in n-heptane catalytic cracking.展开更多
This study focuses on finding a solution to the sharp decline in mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys due to rapid coarsening of traditional intermediate phases at high temperature.A new type of modified al oy,...This study focuses on finding a solution to the sharp decline in mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys due to rapid coarsening of traditional intermediate phases at high temperature.A new type of modified al oy,to be used in automobile engines at high temperatures,was prepared by adding Zr and Mo into Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.The synergistic effects of Zr and Mo on the microstructure evolution and high-temperature mechanical properties were studied.Results show that the addition of Zr and Mo generates a series of intermetallic phases dispersed in the alloy.They can improve the strength of the alloy by hindering dislocation movement and crack propagation.In addition,some nano-strengthened phases show coherent interfaces with the matrix and improve grain refinement.The addition of Mo greatly improves the heat resistance of the alloy.The extremely low diffusivity of Mo enables it to improve the thermal stability of the intermetallic phases,inhibit precipitation during aging,reduce the size of the precipitates,and improve the heat resistance of the alloy.展开更多
For the rational manipulation of the production quality of high-temperature metallurgical engineering,there are many challenges in understanding the processes involved because of the black box chemical/electrochemical...For the rational manipulation of the production quality of high-temperature metallurgical engineering,there are many challenges in understanding the processes involved because of the black box chemical/electrochemical reactors.To overcome this issue,various in-situ characterization methods have been recently developed to analyze the interactions between the composition,microstructure,and solid-liquid interface of high-temperature electrochemical electrodes and molten salts.In this review,recent progress of in-situ hightemperature characterization techniques is discussed to summarize the advances in understanding the processes in metallurgical engineering.In-situ high-temperature technologies and analytical methods mainly include synchrotron X-ray diffraction(s-XRD),laser scanning confocal microscopy,and X-ray computed microtomography(X-rayμ-CT),which are important platforms for analyzing the structure and morphology of the electrodes to reveal the complexity and variability of their interfaces.In addition,laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,high-temperature Raman spectroscopy,and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy provide microscale characterizations of the composition and structure of molten salts.More importantly,the combination of X-rayμ-CT and s-XRD techniques enables the investigation of the chemical reaction mechanisms at the two-phase interface.Therefore,these in-situ methods are essential for analyzing the chemical/electrochemical kinetics of high-temperature reaction processes and establishing the theoretical principles for the efficient and stable operation of chemical/electrochemical metallurgical processes.展开更多
It has been demonstrated that almost all polymer-clay nanocomposites show higher temperature stability than that of pure polymer, which is attributed to the active exfoliated clay nanosheet firmly adsorbed onto the po...It has been demonstrated that almost all polymer-clay nanocomposites show higher temperature stability than that of pure polymer, which is attributed to the active exfoliated clay nanosheet firmly adsorbed onto the polymer chains, due to polerization and nucleation effect, the clay nanosheets could protect the polymer chains from destroying. To prove such mechanism, the water-soluble polymer nanocomposites(AAA/SLS-MMT) were synthesized by the in-situ polymerization of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, 4-acryloylmorpholine, and organically modified montmorillonite. The techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy etc., clearly characterized the successful synthesized of sample's structure, the exfoliated MMT nanosheet adsorbed polymer chain's scale, and well-dispersed morphology, espectively. The adsorption model, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy presented the existence of strong adsorption, while molecular simulation calculations first concluded that the strong adsorption energy was-13032.06 kcal/mol. Thermo-gravimetric-analysis proved the temperature of maximum thermal degradation of powder sample(AAA/1.0 wt% SLS-MMT) was over 298℃. After ageing at 180℃ for 4 h, the apparent viscosity of 5 g/L AAA/1.0 wt% SLS-MMT aqueous solution was 326.7 mPa,s, while that of pure polymer(AAA) was only 8.3 mPa,s. This optimized sample has the smallest FLAPIvalue at all test temperatures from 180 to 220℃ in both fresh and salt water based drilling fluid. All the evidences of high temperature resistance indicate that the strong adsorption can enhance the thickness of hydrated shell and adsorption of clay particles in drilling fluid at high temperature. Such mechanism supplied the better way to design high-temperature resistant fluid loss additives for deep and ultra-deep oil and gas formation engineering.展开更多
Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries usually suffer from accelerated electrode destruction at high temperatures and high synthesis costs of electrode materials.Therefore,it is highly desirable to explore novel organic el...Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries usually suffer from accelerated electrode destruction at high temperatures and high synthesis costs of electrode materials.Therefore,it is highly desirable to explore novel organic electrodes considering their cost-effectiveness and large adaptability to volume changes.Herein,natural biomass,pristine lignin,is employed as the sodium-ion battery anodes,and their sodium storage performance is investigated at room temperature and 60℃.The lignin anodes exhibit excellent high-temperature sodium-ion battery performance.This mainly results from the generation of abundant reactive sites(C=O)due to the high temperature-induced homogeneous cleavage of the C_(β)-O bond in the lignin macromolecule.This work can inspire researchers to explore other natural organic materials for large-scale applications and high-value utilization in advanced energy storage devices.展开更多
Ultraviolet position-sensitive detectors(PSDs)are expected to undergo harsh environments,such as high temperatures,for a wide variety of applications in military,civilian,and aerospace.However,no report on relevant PS...Ultraviolet position-sensitive detectors(PSDs)are expected to undergo harsh environments,such as high temperatures,for a wide variety of applications in military,civilian,and aerospace.However,no report on relevant PSDs operating at high temperatures can be found up to now.Herein,we design a new 2D/3D graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))/gallium nitride(GaN)hybrid heterojunction to construct the ultraviolet high-temperature-resistant PSD.The g-C_(3)N_(4)/GaN PSD exhibits a high position sensitivity of 355 mV mm^(-1),a rise/fall response time of 1.7/2.3 ms,and a nonlinearity of 0.5%at room temperature.The ultralow formation energy of-0.917 eV atom^(-1)has been obtained via the thermodynamic phase stability calculations,which endows g-C_(3)N_(4)with robust stability against heat.By merits of the strong built-in electric field of the 2D/3D hybrid heterojunction and robust thermo-stability of g-C_(3)N_(4),the g-C_(3)N_(4)/GaN PSD delivers an excellent position sensitivity and angle detection nonlinearity of 315 mV mm^(-1)and 1.4%,respectively,with high repeatability at a high temperature up to 700 K,outperforming most of the other counterparts and even commercial silicon-based devices.This work unveils the high-temperature PSD,and pioneers a new path to constructing g-C_(3)N_(4)-based harsh-environment-tolerant optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Cases of simultaneous inrush of high-temperature water and harmful gases are infrequently reported in areas without geothermal anomalies,hydrocarbon source rock,or coal measures.For this,we investigated the origin,dev...Cases of simultaneous inrush of high-temperature water and harmful gases are infrequently reported in areas without geothermal anomalies,hydrocarbon source rock,or coal measures.For this,we investigated the origin,development,and formation of the high-temperature water and harmful gases that rushed into Bangfu tunnel,Southwest China.During excavation of the Bangfu tunnel through the F1-2 fault in sandstone,a significant incident occurred involving a sudden influx of high-temperature water(45.4℃)of NaeHCO_(3)type and harmful gases(CO_(2),H2S).An extensive geological examination uncovered a fault network extending from the crust to the mantle in the tunnel site area.The site features a substantial presence of both surface water and groundwater.Furthermore,within the middle crust at depths ranging from 19 km to 23 km,there are high-temperature ductile melts enriched with fluids and gases.Monitoring and experiments conducted on the harmful gases reveal that the primary source is identified in the crust,with the mantle source being secondary,followed by the atmospheric source being a minimal contribution.The hydrochemical and isotopic composition characteristics of the hightemperature rushed water indicate its evolution was formed through the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation from cold groundwater of the CaeHCO_(3)type.The mechanism underlying the formation of the inrush high-temperature water and harmful gases can be outlined as follows.The fault network,spanning from the crust to the mantle,serves as a migration pathway for the inflow substances.Mantlederived volatiles and high-temperature melts make heat energy facilitate the inrush activity,while groundwater contributes to heat transfer and acts as a medium for gas transport.As mantle-derived volatiles migrate towards the surface through the fault network,they mix with high-temperature melts and crust-derived gases,forming a crust-mantle mixed gas.Through processes such as deep hydrothermal circulation,shallow hydrothermal circulation,water/rock reaction,near-surface mixing,and dilution,CaeHCO_(3)type cold groundwater transforms into high-temperature water of NaeHCO_(3)type.The methodologies and findings of our research offer insights into the route selection,investigation,and construction of mountain tunneling projects under similar geological conditions.展开更多
Ultra-deep reservoirs play an important role at present in fossil energy exploitation.Due to the related high temperature,high pressure,and high formation fracture pressure,however,methods for oil well stimulation do ...Ultra-deep reservoirs play an important role at present in fossil energy exploitation.Due to the related high temperature,high pressure,and high formation fracture pressure,however,methods for oil well stimulation do not produce satisfactory results when conventional fracturing fluids with a low pumping rate are used.In response to the above problem,a fracturing fluid with a density of 1.2~1.4 g/cm^(3)was developed by using Potassium formatted,hydroxypropyl guanidine gum and zirconium crosslinking agents.The fracturing fluid was tested and its ability to maintain a viscosity of 100 mPa.s over more than 60 min was verified under a shear rate of 1701/s and at a temperature of 175℃.This fluid has good sand-carrying performances,a low viscosity after breaking the rubber,and the residue content is less than 200 mg/L.Compared with ordinary reconstruction fluid,it can increase the density by 30%~40%and reduce the wellhead pressure of 8000 m level reconstruction wells.Moreover,the new fracturing fluid can significantly mitigate safety risks.展开更多
Aviation turbine engine oils require excellent thermal-oxidative stability because of their high-temperature environments.High-temperature bearing deposit testing is a mandatory method for measuring the thermal-oxidat...Aviation turbine engine oils require excellent thermal-oxidative stability because of their high-temperature environments.High-temperature bearing deposit testing is a mandatory method for measuring the thermal-oxidative performance of aviation lubricant oils,and the relevant apparatus was improved in the present study.Two different commercial aviation turbine engine oils were tested,one with standard performance(known as the SL oil)and the other with high thermal stability,and their thermal-oxidative stability characteristics were evaluated.After 100 h of high-temperature bearing testing,the SL oil was analyzed by using various analytical techniques to investigate its thermal-oxidative process in the bearing test,with its thermal-oxidative degradation mechanism also being discussed.The results indicate that the developed high-temperature bearing apparatus easily meets the test requirements of method 3410.1 in standard FED-STD-791D.The viscosity and total acid number(TAN)of the SL oil increased with the bearing test time,and various deposits were produced in the bearing test,with the micro-particles of the carbon deposits being sphere-like,rod-like,and sheet-like in appearance.The antioxidant additives in the oil were consumed very rapidly in the first 30 h of the bearing test,with N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine being consumed faster than dioctyldiphenylamine.Overall,the oil thermal-oxidative process involves very complex physical and chemical mechanisms.展开更多
文摘Investigating highly effective electrocatalysts for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFC)requires the resistance to phosphate acid(PA)poisoning at cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Recent advancements in catalysts have focused on alleviating phosphoric anion adsorption on Pt-based catalysts with modified electronic structure or catalytic interface and developing Fe-N-C based catalysts with immunity of PA poisoning.Fe-N-C-based catalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to Pt-based catalysts,offering significant potential to overcome the characteristic adsorption of phosphate anion on Pt.An overview of these developments provides insights into catalytic mechanisms and facilitates the design of more efficient catalysts.This review begins with an exploration of basic poisoning principles,followed by a critical summary of characterization techniques employed to identified the underlying mechanism of poisoning effect.Attention is then directed to endeavors aimed at enhancing the HT-PEMFC performance by well-designed catalysts.Finally,the opportunities and challenges in developing the anti-PA poisoning strategy and practical HT-PEMFC is discussed.Through these discussions,a comprehensive understanding of PA-poisoning bottlenecks and inspire future research directions is aim to provided.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No. SWU-KT22030)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China (No.KJQN202300205)financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under the project of 457444676。
文摘The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials stand as two key components that significantly impact the efficacy of hightemperature-tolerant FSCs(HT-FSCs). They should not only exhibit high electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility, but also withstand intense thermal stress. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing their thermal stability while maintaining high electrochemical and mechanical performance. In this review, the fundamentals of HT-FSCs are outlined. A comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art progress and achievements in HT-FSCs, with a focus on thermally stable gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials is provided. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding HT-FSCs are discussed, alongside strategies for elevating operational temperatures and performance.This review offers both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for designing and manufacturing HT-FSCs, further promoting their widespread adoption across diverse fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21B2062)supported by the Key Laboratory for Carbonate Reservoirs of China National Petroleum Corporation。
文摘Burial dissolution is a critical diagenetic process influencing ultra-deep carbonate reservoir development and preservation.Artificial carbonate samples with different internal structures were prepared,and high-temperature and highpressure dissolution kinetic simulations were conducted.The results demonstrate that the intensity of burial dissolution is controlled by temperature and pressure,while tectonic-fluid activity influences the development pattern of burial dissolution,ultimately determining the direction of its differential modification.Extensive burial dissolution is likely to occur primarily at relatively shallow depths,significantly influencing reservoir formation,preservation,modification,and adjustment.The development of faults facilitates the maintenance of the intensity of burial dissolution.The maximum intensity of burial dissolution occurs at the tips and overlap zones of faults and intersections of multiple faults.The larger the scale of the faults,the more conducive it is to the development of burial dissolution.Burial dissolution fosters the formation of fault networks characterized by enhanced reservoir capacity and permeability.Burial dissolution controlled by episodic tectonic-fluid activity is a plausible explanation for forming the Tarim Basin's ultra-deep fault-controlled“stringbead-like”reservoirs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:42105025,42075189,42275036,and 42430610)the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2021YFA0718000+3 种基金the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team(CMA2023QN15)China Meteorological Administration Key Innovation Team(CMA2024ZD07)the development fund of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(SCSIO202203 and SCSIO202208)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography(South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)(LTO2110)。
文摘The increase in frequency and intensity of Extreme High-temperature Events(EHEs)over Central-Eastern China(CEC)in recent decades has severely impacted social development and livelihoods.Using observation and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the effect of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream(EAJ)on the CEC EHEs for the summers spanning 1979–2020.Considering its general relative location to the right side of the upper-level jet stream exit region,CEC would theoretically suffer more EHEs with a stronger and northwardly-shifted EAJ in summer due to the likelihood of abnormal subsidence induced by the EAJ.However,such an EAJ–EHE connection has been unstable over the past four decades but has displayed an evident interdecadal change.Before the late 1990s,the interannual variation of the EAJ was manifested mainly by its meridional displacement in the northeastern part of East Asia;thus,the atmospheric responses were essentially located to the east of CEC,exerting less of an influence on the CEC EHEs.However,since the late 1990s,the EAJ variation has featured an intensity change in its center over the northwest portion of the CEC,which has resulted in a westward shift in atmospheric responses to cover the CEC region.Therefore,the EAJ could potentially affect the summer CEC EHEs during 2000–21.Our findings offer support for an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanisms of extreme weather/climate events of this nature and thus provide a scientific reference for seasonal climate predictions.
基金financially supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110296,2022A1515110432)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(20231120171032001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52242305).
文摘Despite notable progress in thermoelectric(TE)materials and devices,developing TE aerogels with high-temperature resistance,superior TE performance and excellent elasticity to enable self-powered high-temperature monitoring/warning in industrial and wearable applications remains a great challenge.Herein,a highly elastic,flame-retardant and high-temperature-resistant TE aerogel,made of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/single-walled carbon nanotube(PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT)composites,has been fabricated,displaying attractive compression-induced power factor enhancement.The as-fabricated sensors with the aerogel can achieve accurately pressure stimuli detection and wide temperature range monitoring.Subsequently,a flexible TE generator is assembled,consisting of 25 aerogels connected in series,capable of delivering a maximum output power of 400μW when subjected to a temperature difference of 300 K.This demonstrates its outstanding high-temperature heat harvesting capability and promising application prospects for real-time temperature monitoring on industrial high-temperature pipelines.Moreover,the designed self-powered wearable sensing glove can realize precise wide-range temperature detection,high-temperature warning and accurate recognition of human hand gestures.The aerogel-based intelligent wearable sensing system developed for firefighters demonstrates the desired self-powered and highly sensitive high-temperature fire warning capability.Benefitting from these desirable properties,the elastic and high-temperature-resistant aerogels present various promising applications including self-powered high-temperature monitoring,industrial overheat warning,waste heat energy recycling and even wearable healthcare.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20308,52177017 and 51977050)Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Foundation of China(No.ZD2020E009)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020T130156)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Financial Assistance(No.LBHZ18098)Fundamental Research Foundation for Universities of Heilongjiang Province(No.2019-KYYWF-0207 and 2018-KYYWF-1624)University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province(No.UNPYSCT-2020177)
文摘Optimizing the high-temperature energy storage characteristics of energy storage dielectrics is of great significance for the development of pulsed power devices and power control systems.Selecting a polymer with a higher glass transition temperature(T_(g))as the matrix is one of the effective ways to increase the upper limit of the polymer operating temperature.However,current high-T_(g)polymers have limitations,and it is difficult to meet the demand for high-temperature energy storage dielectrics with only one polymer.For example,polyetherimide has high-energy storage efficiency,but low breakdown strength at high temperatures.Polyimide has high corona resistance,but low high-temperature energy storage efficiency.In this work,combining the advantages of two polymer,a novel high-T_(g)polymer fiber-reinforced microstructure is designed.Polyimide is designed as extremely fine fibers distributed in the composite dielectric,which will facilitate the reduction of high-temperature conductivity loss for polyimide.At the same time,due to the high-temperature resistance and corona resistance of polyimide,the high-temperature breakdown strength of the composite dielectric is enhanced.After the polyimide content with the best high-temperature energy storage characteristics is determined,molecular semiconductors(ITIC)are blended into the polyimide fibers to further improve the high-temperature efficiency.Ultimately,excellent high-temperature energy storage properties are obtained.The 0.25 vol%ITIC-polyimide/polyetherimide composite exhibits high-energy density and high discharge efficiency at 150℃(2.9 J cm^(-3),90%)and 180℃(2.16 J cm^(-3),90%).This work provides a scalable design idea for high-performance all-organic high-temperature energy storage dielectrics.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province Youth Fund of China(No.242300421466)the Key Scientific Research Project Plan in Universities of Henan Province,China(No.23A430037)+1 种基金the Research Project of Xuchang University,China(No.2024ZD004)the College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of China(No.202410480008).
文摘Facing the complex variable high-temperature environment,electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials maintaining high stability and satisfying absorbing properties is essential.This study focused on the synthesis and EMW absorbing performance evaluation of TiN/Fe_(2)N/C composite materials,which were prepared using electrostatic spinning followed by a high-temperature nitridation process.The TiN/Fe_(2)N/C fibers constructed a well-developed conductive network that generates considerable conduction loss.The heterogeneous interfaces between different components generated a significant level of interfacial polarization.Thanks to the synergistic effect of stable dielectric loss and optimized impedance matching,the TiN/Fe_(2)N/C composite materials demonstrated excellent and stable absorption performance across a wide temperature range(293-453 K).Moreover,TiN/Fe_(2)N/C-15 achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL)of−48.01 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.64 GHz at 2.1 mm and 373 K.This work provides new insights into the development of high-efficiency and stabile EMW absorbing materials under complex variable high-temperature conditions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71861147003 and 71925009).
文摘This paper examines the nutrition impacts of using non-solid cooking fuel on under-five children in developing countries.We draw on data from more than 1.12 million children in 62 developing countries from the Demographic and Health Surveys(DHS).Results from both fixed effects(FE)and instrumental variable(IV)estimates show that using non-solid cooking fuel significantly improves the nutrition outcomes of under-five children.Compared with their peers from households mainly using solid fuel,children from households mainly using non-solid fuel exhibit a lower probability of experiencing stunting(by 5.9 percentage points)and being underweight(by 1.2 percentage points).Our further investigation provides evidence for several underlying mechanisms,such as improved indoor air quality,induced reduction in children’s respiratory symptoms,benefits on maternal health,and reduction in maternal time spent on fuel collection or cooking.Heterogenous analyses suggest that the nutrition benefits of using non-solid cooking fuel are more prominent among boys,children above three years old,and those from households of lower socioeconomic status,rural areas,and Southeast Asia.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11932008 and 12272156)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2022-kb06)+1 种基金the Gansu Science and Technology ProgramLanzhou City’s Scientific Research Funding Subsidy to Lanzhou University of China。
文摘Second-generation high-temperature superconducting(HTS)conductors,specifically rare earth-barium-copper-oxide(REBCO)coated conductor(CC)tapes,are promising candidates for high-energy and high-field superconducting applications.With respect to epoxy-impregnated REBCO composite magnets that comprise multilayer components,the thermomechanical characteristics of each component differ considerably under extremely low temperatures and strong electromagnetic fields.Traditional numerical models include homogenized orthotropic models,which simplify overall field calculation but miss detailed multi-physics aspects,and full refinement(FR)ones that are thorough but computationally demanding.Herein,we propose an extended multi-scale approach for analyzing the multi-field characteristics of an epoxy-impregnated composite magnet assembled by HTS pancake coils.This approach combines a global homogenization(GH)scheme based on the homogenized electromagnetic T-A model,a method for solving Maxwell's equations for superconducting materials based on the current vector potential T and the magnetic field vector potential A,and a homogenized orthotropic thermoelastic model to assess the electromagnetic and thermoelastic properties at the macroscopic scale.We then identify“dangerous regions”at the macroscopic scale and obtain finer details using a local refinement(LR)scheme to capture the responses of each component material in the HTS composite tapes at the mesoscopic scale.The results of the present GH-LR multi-scale approach agree well with those of the FR scheme and the experimental data in the literature,indicating that the present approach is accurate and efficient.The proposed GH-LR multi-scale approach can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the risk of failure in large-scale HTS composite magnets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82070432 & No.82070435 & No.82270469 & No.82370426)the Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China (2018YFC1704902 & 2022YFC3601302)+3 种基金the Shanghai Commissions of Science and Technology and Health (a special grant for “leading academics”) (No.19DZ2340200)the Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Application, Shanghai, China (GWV10.1-XK05)research grants from A&D, Bayer, Omron, Salubris, and Shyndeclecture fees from A& D, Novartis, Omron, Servier, Salubris and Shyndec
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate three features of dietary cooking oil intake,namely,the consumption,cooking style,and composition of fatty acids in relation to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.METHODS The elderly(≥65 years)participants for this study were recruited from two community health centers in the urban area of Shanghai.A questionnaire was administered to collect information on dietary oil consumption(low,medium and high)and cooking styles(fry or stir-fry vs.others)and the composition of fatty acids(poly-unsaturated vs.mono-unsaturated).The cardiometabolic measurements included anthropometry,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose and serum lipids.RESULTS The 1186 study participants had a mean age of 70.9±5.4 years.The mean dietary oil consumption was 35.0 g/d,being low(<25 g/d),medium(25-49 g/d)and high(≥50 g/d)in 485,467 and 234 participants,respectively.The proportion of the fry or stir-fry cooking style and oils rich in mono-unsaturated fatty acids was 30.4%and 27.4%,respectively.Both before and after adjustment for sex,age,current smoking and alcohol intake,dietary oil consumption was significantly(P≤0.02)and positively associated with the prevalence of treated hypertension and fasting plasma glucose concentration.With similar adjustments as above and additional adjustment for dietary oil consumption,the fry or stir-fry cooking style was significantly(P≤0.048)and positively associated with body mass index,but inversely with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and the dietary intake of oils rich in mono-unsaturated fat acids was significantly(P≤0.02)and positively associated with diastolic blood pressure,serum triglycerides,total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.CONCLUSIONS This study showed that both the consumption and composition of fatty acids of the dietary oils mattered with regard to several cardiometabolic measurements in an elderly Chinese population.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271119)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.23QA1401000)+1 种基金Healthy Young Talents Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.2022YQ015)Project of Shanghai Science and Technology(No.21Y11909800).
文摘Dear Editor,We report a case with trans-photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)for recurrent epithelial corneal erosion caused by cooking oil after EVO-implantable contact lens(ICL)(EVO Visian ICL;STAAR Surgical AG,Switzerland),which should be distinguished from postoperative complications of EVO-ICL.Most corneal burns are classified as chemical and thermal burns,referring to direct contact injury to the cornea.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908010)Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20220101089JC)the Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20220694KJ)。
文摘High-temperature treatment is key to the preparation of zeolite catalysts.Herein,the effects of hightemperature treatment on the property and performance of HZSM-5 zeolites were studied in this work.X-Ray diffraction,N2physisorption,27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance(MAS NMR),and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia results indicated that the hightemperature treatment at 650℃ hardly affected the inherent crystal and texture of HZSM-5zeolites but facilitated the conversion of framework Al to extra-framework Al,reducing the acid site and enhancing the acid strength.Moreover,the high-temperature treatment improved the performance of HZSM-5 zeolites in n-heptane catalytic cracking,promoting the conversion and light olefins yield while inhibiting coke formation.Based on the kinetic and mechanism analysis,the improvement of HZSM-5 performance caused by high-temperature treatment has been attributed to the formation of extra-framework Al,which enhanced the acid strength,facilitated the bimolecular reaction,and promoted the entropy change to overcome a higher energy barrier in n-heptane catalytic cracking.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province of China(Grant number 2019QYTPY057)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Grant numbers ZR2020ME110,ZR2021ME023)。
文摘This study focuses on finding a solution to the sharp decline in mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys due to rapid coarsening of traditional intermediate phases at high temperature.A new type of modified al oy,to be used in automobile engines at high temperatures,was prepared by adding Zr and Mo into Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy.The synergistic effects of Zr and Mo on the microstructure evolution and high-temperature mechanical properties were studied.Results show that the addition of Zr and Mo generates a series of intermetallic phases dispersed in the alloy.They can improve the strength of the alloy by hindering dislocation movement and crack propagation.In addition,some nano-strengthened phases show coherent interfaces with the matrix and improve grain refinement.The addition of Mo greatly improves the heat resistance of the alloy.The extremely low diffusivity of Mo enables it to improve the thermal stability of the intermetallic phases,inhibit precipitation during aging,reduce the size of the precipitates,and improve the heat resistance of the alloy.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2906100).
文摘For the rational manipulation of the production quality of high-temperature metallurgical engineering,there are many challenges in understanding the processes involved because of the black box chemical/electrochemical reactors.To overcome this issue,various in-situ characterization methods have been recently developed to analyze the interactions between the composition,microstructure,and solid-liquid interface of high-temperature electrochemical electrodes and molten salts.In this review,recent progress of in-situ hightemperature characterization techniques is discussed to summarize the advances in understanding the processes in metallurgical engineering.In-situ high-temperature technologies and analytical methods mainly include synchrotron X-ray diffraction(s-XRD),laser scanning confocal microscopy,and X-ray computed microtomography(X-rayμ-CT),which are important platforms for analyzing the structure and morphology of the electrodes to reveal the complexity and variability of their interfaces.In addition,laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,high-temperature Raman spectroscopy,and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy provide microscale characterizations of the composition and structure of molten salts.More importantly,the combination of X-rayμ-CT and s-XRD techniques enables the investigation of the chemical reaction mechanisms at the two-phase interface.Therefore,these in-situ methods are essential for analyzing the chemical/electrochemical kinetics of high-temperature reaction processes and establishing the theoretical principles for the efficient and stable operation of chemical/electrochemical metallurgical processes.
基金financially supported by the National Major Project (No. 2017ZX05009-003,50)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51974339+2 种基金51674270)Foreign Expert Project of the Belt and Road Innovation Talents Exchange (DL2022122001)the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development of China National Petroleum Cooperation (HX20201095)。
文摘It has been demonstrated that almost all polymer-clay nanocomposites show higher temperature stability than that of pure polymer, which is attributed to the active exfoliated clay nanosheet firmly adsorbed onto the polymer chains, due to polerization and nucleation effect, the clay nanosheets could protect the polymer chains from destroying. To prove such mechanism, the water-soluble polymer nanocomposites(AAA/SLS-MMT) were synthesized by the in-situ polymerization of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, 4-acryloylmorpholine, and organically modified montmorillonite. The techniques of nuclear magnetic resonance, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy etc., clearly characterized the successful synthesized of sample's structure, the exfoliated MMT nanosheet adsorbed polymer chain's scale, and well-dispersed morphology, espectively. The adsorption model, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy presented the existence of strong adsorption, while molecular simulation calculations first concluded that the strong adsorption energy was-13032.06 kcal/mol. Thermo-gravimetric-analysis proved the temperature of maximum thermal degradation of powder sample(AAA/1.0 wt% SLS-MMT) was over 298℃. After ageing at 180℃ for 4 h, the apparent viscosity of 5 g/L AAA/1.0 wt% SLS-MMT aqueous solution was 326.7 mPa,s, while that of pure polymer(AAA) was only 8.3 mPa,s. This optimized sample has the smallest FLAPIvalue at all test temperatures from 180 to 220℃ in both fresh and salt water based drilling fluid. All the evidences of high temperature resistance indicate that the strong adsorption can enhance the thickness of hydrated shell and adsorption of clay particles in drilling fluid at high temperature. Such mechanism supplied the better way to design high-temperature resistant fluid loss additives for deep and ultra-deep oil and gas formation engineering.
基金financialy supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.22078069,22178069,51903254)
文摘Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries usually suffer from accelerated electrode destruction at high temperatures and high synthesis costs of electrode materials.Therefore,it is highly desirable to explore novel organic electrodes considering their cost-effectiveness and large adaptability to volume changes.Herein,natural biomass,pristine lignin,is employed as the sodium-ion battery anodes,and their sodium storage performance is investigated at room temperature and 60℃.The lignin anodes exhibit excellent high-temperature sodium-ion battery performance.This mainly results from the generation of abundant reactive sites(C=O)due to the high temperature-induced homogeneous cleavage of the C_(β)-O bond in the lignin macromolecule.This work can inspire researchers to explore other natural organic materials for large-scale applications and high-value utilization in advanced energy storage devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61804136,U1804155,11974317,62027816,12074348,and U2004168)Henan Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.212300410020)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.212300410020 and 212300410078)Key Project of Henan Higher Education(No.21A140001)the Zhengzhou University Physics Discipline Improvement Program and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M630829 and 2019 T120630)
文摘Ultraviolet position-sensitive detectors(PSDs)are expected to undergo harsh environments,such as high temperatures,for a wide variety of applications in military,civilian,and aerospace.However,no report on relevant PSDs operating at high temperatures can be found up to now.Herein,we design a new 2D/3D graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))/gallium nitride(GaN)hybrid heterojunction to construct the ultraviolet high-temperature-resistant PSD.The g-C_(3)N_(4)/GaN PSD exhibits a high position sensitivity of 355 mV mm^(-1),a rise/fall response time of 1.7/2.3 ms,and a nonlinearity of 0.5%at room temperature.The ultralow formation energy of-0.917 eV atom^(-1)has been obtained via the thermodynamic phase stability calculations,which endows g-C_(3)N_(4)with robust stability against heat.By merits of the strong built-in electric field of the 2D/3D hybrid heterojunction and robust thermo-stability of g-C_(3)N_(4),the g-C_(3)N_(4)/GaN PSD delivers an excellent position sensitivity and angle detection nonlinearity of 315 mV mm^(-1)and 1.4%,respectively,with high repeatability at a high temperature up to 700 K,outperforming most of the other counterparts and even commercial silicon-based devices.This work unveils the high-temperature PSD,and pioneers a new path to constructing g-C_(3)N_(4)-based harsh-environment-tolerant optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42277173)National Key Research and Development projects of China(Grant No.2021YFB2600402)+1 种基金the Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education(Grant No.GLAB2022ZR03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Cases of simultaneous inrush of high-temperature water and harmful gases are infrequently reported in areas without geothermal anomalies,hydrocarbon source rock,or coal measures.For this,we investigated the origin,development,and formation of the high-temperature water and harmful gases that rushed into Bangfu tunnel,Southwest China.During excavation of the Bangfu tunnel through the F1-2 fault in sandstone,a significant incident occurred involving a sudden influx of high-temperature water(45.4℃)of NaeHCO_(3)type and harmful gases(CO_(2),H2S).An extensive geological examination uncovered a fault network extending from the crust to the mantle in the tunnel site area.The site features a substantial presence of both surface water and groundwater.Furthermore,within the middle crust at depths ranging from 19 km to 23 km,there are high-temperature ductile melts enriched with fluids and gases.Monitoring and experiments conducted on the harmful gases reveal that the primary source is identified in the crust,with the mantle source being secondary,followed by the atmospheric source being a minimal contribution.The hydrochemical and isotopic composition characteristics of the hightemperature rushed water indicate its evolution was formed through the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation from cold groundwater of the CaeHCO_(3)type.The mechanism underlying the formation of the inrush high-temperature water and harmful gases can be outlined as follows.The fault network,spanning from the crust to the mantle,serves as a migration pathway for the inflow substances.Mantlederived volatiles and high-temperature melts make heat energy facilitate the inrush activity,while groundwater contributes to heat transfer and acts as a medium for gas transport.As mantle-derived volatiles migrate towards the surface through the fault network,they mix with high-temperature melts and crust-derived gases,forming a crust-mantle mixed gas.Through processes such as deep hydrothermal circulation,shallow hydrothermal circulation,water/rock reaction,near-surface mixing,and dilution,CaeHCO_(3)type cold groundwater transforms into high-temperature water of NaeHCO_(3)type.The methodologies and findings of our research offer insights into the route selection,investigation,and construction of mountain tunneling projects under similar geological conditions.
文摘Ultra-deep reservoirs play an important role at present in fossil energy exploitation.Due to the related high temperature,high pressure,and high formation fracture pressure,however,methods for oil well stimulation do not produce satisfactory results when conventional fracturing fluids with a low pumping rate are used.In response to the above problem,a fracturing fluid with a density of 1.2~1.4 g/cm^(3)was developed by using Potassium formatted,hydroxypropyl guanidine gum and zirconium crosslinking agents.The fracturing fluid was tested and its ability to maintain a viscosity of 100 mPa.s over more than 60 min was verified under a shear rate of 1701/s and at a temperature of 175℃.This fluid has good sand-carrying performances,a low viscosity after breaking the rubber,and the residue content is less than 200 mg/L.Compared with ordinary reconstruction fluid,it can increase the density by 30%~40%and reduce the wellhead pressure of 8000 m level reconstruction wells.Moreover,the new fracturing fluid can significantly mitigate safety risks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3809005)by SINOPEC(120060-6,121027,and 122042).
文摘Aviation turbine engine oils require excellent thermal-oxidative stability because of their high-temperature environments.High-temperature bearing deposit testing is a mandatory method for measuring the thermal-oxidative performance of aviation lubricant oils,and the relevant apparatus was improved in the present study.Two different commercial aviation turbine engine oils were tested,one with standard performance(known as the SL oil)and the other with high thermal stability,and their thermal-oxidative stability characteristics were evaluated.After 100 h of high-temperature bearing testing,the SL oil was analyzed by using various analytical techniques to investigate its thermal-oxidative process in the bearing test,with its thermal-oxidative degradation mechanism also being discussed.The results indicate that the developed high-temperature bearing apparatus easily meets the test requirements of method 3410.1 in standard FED-STD-791D.The viscosity and total acid number(TAN)of the SL oil increased with the bearing test time,and various deposits were produced in the bearing test,with the micro-particles of the carbon deposits being sphere-like,rod-like,and sheet-like in appearance.The antioxidant additives in the oil were consumed very rapidly in the first 30 h of the bearing test,with N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine being consumed faster than dioctyldiphenylamine.Overall,the oil thermal-oxidative process involves very complex physical and chemical mechanisms.
