Background： The aim of this study was to optimize the fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass by stimulating the colonization. Wheat straw and wood chips were treated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinul...Background： The aim of this study was to optimize the fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass by stimulating the colonization. Wheat straw and wood chips were treated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes with various amounts of colonized millet grains（0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 % per g of wet weight of substrate） added to the substrates. Also, wheat straw and wood chips were chopped to either 0.5 or 2 cm.Effectiveness of the fungal treatment after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk of incubation was determined by changes in chemical composition, in vitro gas production（IVGP） as a measure for rumen degradability, and ergosterol content as a measure of fungal biomass.Results： Incomplete colonization was observed for C. subvermispora treated wheat straw and L. edodes treated wood chips. The different particle sizes and amounts of inoculum tested, had no significant effects on the chemical composition and the IVGP of C. subvermispora treated wood chips. Particle size did influence L.edodes treatment of wheat straw. The L. edodes treatment of 2 cm wheat straw resulted in a more selective delignification and a higher IVGP than the smaller particles. Addition of 1.5 % or 3 % L. edodes inoculum to wheat straw resulted in more selective delignification and a higher IVGP than addition of 0.5 % inoculum.Conclusion： Particle size and amount of inoculum did not have an effect on C. subvermispora treatment of wood chips. At least 1.5 % L. edodes colonized millet grains should be added to 2 cm wheat straw to result in an increased IVGP and acid detergent lignin（ADL） degradation.展开更多
Fungal keratitis is an important cause of corneal blindness in China, accounting for 45% of infectious keratitis. The main pathogenic bacteria include yeast, filamentous bacteria and nearly 100 kinds of fungi, which a...Fungal keratitis is an important cause of corneal blindness in China, accounting for 45% of infectious keratitis. The main pathogenic bacteria include yeast, filamentous bacteria and nearly 100 kinds of fungi, which are difficult to diagnose, difficult to treat and poor prognosis. When the infected fungal strains have strong virulence and poor drug sensitivity, it is easy to prolong the disease. Once the fungal infection involves the whole limbus and reaches the whole layer of the cornea, it will be followed by intraocular tissue infection such as anterior chamber, lens and vitreous body. When the infection is difficult to control and the visual function is seriously damaged, the enucleation of eye contents has to be performed, which causes irreversible harm to the patient’s appearance and physical and mental health. Therefore, in order to gain greater hope for the vision of patients with fungal keratitis, In recent years, with the continuous progress of clinical medicine and microbiological diagnostics, the treatment methods of fungal keratitis have been constantly updated. This article will briefly review the new progress in drug and surgical treatment of fungal keratitis in recent years to provide patients with better visual prognosis. .展开更多
Purpose: To observe the clinical efficacy of combined use of 5% natamycin and 0.2% fluconazole for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Methods:A total of 65 cases diagnosed with fungal keratitis by direct smear and/or ...Purpose: To observe the clinical efficacy of combined use of 5% natamycin and 0.2% fluconazole for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Methods:A total of 65 cases diagnosed with fungal keratitis by direct smear and/or fungus culture from January 2010 to January 2013 were enrolled in this study.The duration from the onset of symptoms to admission to our ophthalmic center ranged from 9 to 90 d (mean 29.5 ±19.1 d) in the severe group, which significantly differed from the 7 to 36 d (mean 16.6±7.1 d) in the non-severe group (P<0.01). All cases were divided into non-severe and severe groups based on the degree of corneal inflammation. All cases were treated with topical use of 5% natamycin and 0.2% fluconazole once per hour. The same clinical and examination protocols were adopted for both groups. Results:In the non-severe group,23 of the 24 patients (95.8%) were healed, and 1 (4.2%) showed treatment effica cy. In the severe group,12 of 41 patients (29.3%) were healed, 11(26.8%) showed clinical efficacy, and 18(43.9%) showed no efficacy. The patients between two groups significantly differed in terms of efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion:Combined use of 5% natamycin and 0.2% fluconazole is efficacious in treating fungal keratitis, especially mild or moderate infections.展开更多
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis(IFR) caused by Cunninghamella is very rare but has an extremely high fatality rate. There have been only seven cases of IFR caused by Cunninghamella reported in English and, o...BACKGROUND Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis(IFR) caused by Cunninghamella is very rare but has an extremely high fatality rate. There have been only seven cases of IFR caused by Cunninghamella reported in English and, of these, only three patients survived.In this article, we present another case of IFR caused by Cunninghamella, in which the patient was initially treated successfully but then deteriorated due to a relapse of leukemia 2 mo later.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented with a 2-mo history of right ocular proptosis,blurred vision, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. Nasal endoscopic examination showed that the middle turbinate had become necrotic and fragile. Endoscopic sinus surgery and enucleation of the right orbital contents were performed successively. Additionally, the patient was treated with amphotericin B both systematically and topically. Secretion cultivation of the right eye canthus showed infection with Cunninghamella, while postoperative pathology also revealed fungal infection. The patient's condition gradually stabilized after surgery. However, the patient underwent chemotherapy again due to a relapse of leukemia 2 mo later. Unfortunately, her leukocyte count decreased dramatically,leading to a fatal lung infection and hemoptysis.CONCLUSION Aggressive surgical debridements, followed by antifungal drug treatment both systematically and topically, are the most important fundamental treatments for IFR.展开更多
In this study, a pilot wastewater treatment plant was used to evaluate the co-treatment of biological-staining residues and domestic wastewater under non-sterile conditions. A novel microbial consortia formed by Trame...In this study, a pilot wastewater treatment plant was used to evaluate the co-treatment of biological-staining residues and domestic wastewater under non-sterile conditions. A novel microbial consortia formed by Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter xianfangensis and Bacillus subtillis was inoculated in an extended aeration type bio-reactor. The treatment units were operated during three consecutive cycles during a period of 147 h. After the last operating cycle, the concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Color Units, Total suspended solids, and the pH value were 1695 mg/L, 105 mg/L, 106 CU, 5), 1367 (CU), 566 mg/L (TSS) and 7.0 (pH) respectively. The reduction of pollutants load was related with the ratio of the two types of wastewater (3.5:0.5) combined to increase biodegradability, the concentration of fungi and bacteria used in the consortia (30 × 103 - 55 × 106 CUF/mL Total Fungi and 70 × 107 - 83 × 108 CFU/mL of Total Bacteria) and ligninolytic enzymes production, Laccase (13 - 96 U/L), MnP (9.8 - 39 U/L) and LiP (0.3 - 5.3 U/L). The post-treated effluent was used as irrigation water. Lolium perenne plants were watered during 60 days with post-treated effluent. The results of root weight showed that there are significant differences between the initial water and the effluent obtained after the operational cycles (p = 0.00470). The highest root weights (1 - 1.12 g) were found in plants irrigated with water obtained from the last treatment cycle.展开更多
Fungal keratitis（FK） is a serious disease which can cause blindness. This review has current information about the pathogenesis, limitations of traditional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, immune recognition an...Fungal keratitis（FK） is a serious disease which can cause blindness. This review has current information about the pathogenesis, limitations of traditional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, immune recognition and the diagnosis and therapy of FK. The information of this summary was reviewed regularly and updated as what we need in the diagnosis and therapy of FK nowadays.展开更多
BACKGROUND Concomitant allergic fungal rhinosinusitis(AFRS)and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)are extremely rare,with no more than 20 cases reported in the English literature.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old f...BACKGROUND Concomitant allergic fungal rhinosinusitis(AFRS)and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)are extremely rare,with no more than 20 cases reported in the English literature.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old female patient complained of right-sided nasal obstruction,rhinorrhea,sneezing,epistaxis,and hyposmia for a period of around 5 mo.Nasal examination detected paleness and edema of the nasal mucous membrane and a polyp in the right middle meatus.A computed tomography(CT)scan of the sinuses revealed a ground-glass opacity filling the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses,along with bone absorption in the medial wall of the right maxillary sinus.Magnetic resonance images were obtained with T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences.A well-defined mass,located in the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses and displaying obvious hypointense features,was observed on both T1-and T2-weighted images,with peripheral enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.The patient also has a 20-year history of cough and dyspnea.Chest CT revealed columned and cystiform bronchiectasis in the bilateral bronchus,surrounded by a large number of spotted and funicular high-density lesions.The level of serum total IgE was>5000 kU/L.Serum IgE levels related to house dust and aspergillus showed a positive result,with the values being 3.5 kU/L and 1.2 kU/L.We performed functional endoscopic sinus surgery under local anesthesia.After surgery,topical glucocorticoids and saline irrigation were applied in the nasal cavity until the present time.An oral glucocorticoid(methylprednisolone 16 mg/d)and antifungal agent(itraconazole 200 mg/d)were also used for a period of 4 wk.Montelukast was prescribed at 10 mg/d until the present time.An endoscopic examination showed that the patient was recovering well at 3 mo after surgery.CONCLUSION Since different specialists treat ABPA and AFRS,their coexistence may be overlooked.AFRS accompanied by ABPA requires surgical therapy combined with medical control to improve the symptoms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare. Optimal treatment involves a two-stage revision surgery in combination with an antifungal agent. However, no clear guidelines have been deve...BACKGROUND Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare. Optimal treatment involves a two-stage revision surgery in combination with an antifungal agent. However, no clear guidelines have been developed regarding the agent or treatment duration. Hence, a broad range of antifungal and surgical treatments have been reported so far. AIM To clarify treatment of non-albicans Candida PJIs. METHODS A literature review of all existing non-albicans Candida PJIs cases through April 2018 was conducted. Information was extracted about demographics, comorbidities, responsible species, duration and type of antifungal treatment, type of surgical treatment, time between initial arthroplasty and symptom onset, time between symptom onset and definite diagnosis, outcome of the infection and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 83 cases, with a mean age of 66.3 years, were located. The causative yeast isolated in most cases was C. parapsilosis (45 cases;54.2%), followed by C. glabrata (18 cases;21.7%). The mean Charlson comorbidity index was 4.4 ± 1.5. The mean time from arthropalsty to symptom onset was 27.2 ± 43 mo, while the mean time from symptom onset to culture-confirmed diagnosis was 7.5 ± 12.5 mo. A two stage revision arthroplasty (TSRA), when compared to one stage revision arthroplasty, had a higher success rate (96% vs 73%, P = 0.023). Fluconazole was the preferred antifungal agent (59;71%), followed by amphotericin B (41;49.4%). CONCLUSION The combination of TSRA and administration of prolonged antifungal therapy after initial resection arthroplasty is suggested on the basis of limited data.展开更多
基金supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW)which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)+1 种基金which is partly funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairsproject (11611) was co-sponsored by Agrifirm, Purac, DSM, Den Ouden, Hofmans, the Dutch commodity boards for dairy and horticulture, and Wageningen University
文摘Background： The aim of this study was to optimize the fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass by stimulating the colonization. Wheat straw and wood chips were treated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes with various amounts of colonized millet grains（0.5, 1.5 or 3.0 % per g of wet weight of substrate） added to the substrates. Also, wheat straw and wood chips were chopped to either 0.5 or 2 cm.Effectiveness of the fungal treatment after 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 wk of incubation was determined by changes in chemical composition, in vitro gas production（IVGP） as a measure for rumen degradability, and ergosterol content as a measure of fungal biomass.Results： Incomplete colonization was observed for C. subvermispora treated wheat straw and L. edodes treated wood chips. The different particle sizes and amounts of inoculum tested, had no significant effects on the chemical composition and the IVGP of C. subvermispora treated wood chips. Particle size did influence L.edodes treatment of wheat straw. The L. edodes treatment of 2 cm wheat straw resulted in a more selective delignification and a higher IVGP than the smaller particles. Addition of 1.5 % or 3 % L. edodes inoculum to wheat straw resulted in more selective delignification and a higher IVGP than addition of 0.5 % inoculum.Conclusion： Particle size and amount of inoculum did not have an effect on C. subvermispora treatment of wood chips. At least 1.5 % L. edodes colonized millet grains should be added to 2 cm wheat straw to result in an increased IVGP and acid detergent lignin（ADL） degradation.
文摘Fungal keratitis is an important cause of corneal blindness in China, accounting for 45% of infectious keratitis. The main pathogenic bacteria include yeast, filamentous bacteria and nearly 100 kinds of fungi, which are difficult to diagnose, difficult to treat and poor prognosis. When the infected fungal strains have strong virulence and poor drug sensitivity, it is easy to prolong the disease. Once the fungal infection involves the whole limbus and reaches the whole layer of the cornea, it will be followed by intraocular tissue infection such as anterior chamber, lens and vitreous body. When the infection is difficult to control and the visual function is seriously damaged, the enucleation of eye contents has to be performed, which causes irreversible harm to the patient’s appearance and physical and mental health. Therefore, in order to gain greater hope for the vision of patients with fungal keratitis, In recent years, with the continuous progress of clinical medicine and microbiological diagnostics, the treatment methods of fungal keratitis have been constantly updated. This article will briefly review the new progress in drug and surgical treatment of fungal keratitis in recent years to provide patients with better visual prognosis. .
文摘Purpose: To observe the clinical efficacy of combined use of 5% natamycin and 0.2% fluconazole for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Methods:A total of 65 cases diagnosed with fungal keratitis by direct smear and/or fungus culture from January 2010 to January 2013 were enrolled in this study.The duration from the onset of symptoms to admission to our ophthalmic center ranged from 9 to 90 d (mean 29.5 ±19.1 d) in the severe group, which significantly differed from the 7 to 36 d (mean 16.6±7.1 d) in the non-severe group (P<0.01). All cases were divided into non-severe and severe groups based on the degree of corneal inflammation. All cases were treated with topical use of 5% natamycin and 0.2% fluconazole once per hour. The same clinical and examination protocols were adopted for both groups. Results:In the non-severe group,23 of the 24 patients (95.8%) were healed, and 1 (4.2%) showed treatment effica cy. In the severe group,12 of 41 patients (29.3%) were healed, 11(26.8%) showed clinical efficacy, and 18(43.9%) showed no efficacy. The patients between two groups significantly differed in terms of efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion:Combined use of 5% natamycin and 0.2% fluconazole is efficacious in treating fungal keratitis, especially mild or moderate infections.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Fund,No.2014C33203National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770976
文摘BACKGROUND Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis(IFR) caused by Cunninghamella is very rare but has an extremely high fatality rate. There have been only seven cases of IFR caused by Cunninghamella reported in English and, of these, only three patients survived.In this article, we present another case of IFR caused by Cunninghamella, in which the patient was initially treated successfully but then deteriorated due to a relapse of leukemia 2 mo later.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented with a 2-mo history of right ocular proptosis,blurred vision, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. Nasal endoscopic examination showed that the middle turbinate had become necrotic and fragile. Endoscopic sinus surgery and enucleation of the right orbital contents were performed successively. Additionally, the patient was treated with amphotericin B both systematically and topically. Secretion cultivation of the right eye canthus showed infection with Cunninghamella, while postoperative pathology also revealed fungal infection. The patient's condition gradually stabilized after surgery. However, the patient underwent chemotherapy again due to a relapse of leukemia 2 mo later. Unfortunately, her leukocyte count decreased dramatically,leading to a fatal lung infection and hemoptysis.CONCLUSION Aggressive surgical debridements, followed by antifungal drug treatment both systematically and topically, are the most important fundamental treatments for IFR.
文摘In this study, a pilot wastewater treatment plant was used to evaluate the co-treatment of biological-staining residues and domestic wastewater under non-sterile conditions. A novel microbial consortia formed by Trametes versicolor, Trametes sp, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas azotoformans, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter xianfangensis and Bacillus subtillis was inoculated in an extended aeration type bio-reactor. The treatment units were operated during three consecutive cycles during a period of 147 h. After the last operating cycle, the concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Color Units, Total suspended solids, and the pH value were 1695 mg/L, 105 mg/L, 106 CU, 5), 1367 (CU), 566 mg/L (TSS) and 7.0 (pH) respectively. The reduction of pollutants load was related with the ratio of the two types of wastewater (3.5:0.5) combined to increase biodegradability, the concentration of fungi and bacteria used in the consortia (30 × 103 - 55 × 106 CUF/mL Total Fungi and 70 × 107 - 83 × 108 CFU/mL of Total Bacteria) and ligninolytic enzymes production, Laccase (13 - 96 U/L), MnP (9.8 - 39 U/L) and LiP (0.3 - 5.3 U/L). The post-treated effluent was used as irrigation water. Lolium perenne plants were watered during 60 days with post-treated effluent. The results of root weight showed that there are significant differences between the initial water and the effluent obtained after the operational cycles (p = 0.00470). The highest root weights (1 - 1.12 g) were found in plants irrigated with water obtained from the last treatment cycle.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300727)Research Fund of Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.20160101011JC)
文摘Fungal keratitis（FK） is a serious disease which can cause blindness. This review has current information about the pathogenesis, limitations of traditional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, immune recognition and the diagnosis and therapy of FK. The information of this summary was reviewed regularly and updated as what we need in the diagnosis and therapy of FK nowadays.
文摘BACKGROUND Concomitant allergic fungal rhinosinusitis(AFRS)and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)are extremely rare,with no more than 20 cases reported in the English literature.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old female patient complained of right-sided nasal obstruction,rhinorrhea,sneezing,epistaxis,and hyposmia for a period of around 5 mo.Nasal examination detected paleness and edema of the nasal mucous membrane and a polyp in the right middle meatus.A computed tomography(CT)scan of the sinuses revealed a ground-glass opacity filling the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses,along with bone absorption in the medial wall of the right maxillary sinus.Magnetic resonance images were obtained with T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences.A well-defined mass,located in the right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses and displaying obvious hypointense features,was observed on both T1-and T2-weighted images,with peripheral enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images.The patient also has a 20-year history of cough and dyspnea.Chest CT revealed columned and cystiform bronchiectasis in the bilateral bronchus,surrounded by a large number of spotted and funicular high-density lesions.The level of serum total IgE was>5000 kU/L.Serum IgE levels related to house dust and aspergillus showed a positive result,with the values being 3.5 kU/L and 1.2 kU/L.We performed functional endoscopic sinus surgery under local anesthesia.After surgery,topical glucocorticoids and saline irrigation were applied in the nasal cavity until the present time.An oral glucocorticoid(methylprednisolone 16 mg/d)and antifungal agent(itraconazole 200 mg/d)were also used for a period of 4 wk.Montelukast was prescribed at 10 mg/d until the present time.An endoscopic examination showed that the patient was recovering well at 3 mo after surgery.CONCLUSION Since different specialists treat ABPA and AFRS,their coexistence may be overlooked.AFRS accompanied by ABPA requires surgical therapy combined with medical control to improve the symptoms.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare. Optimal treatment involves a two-stage revision surgery in combination with an antifungal agent. However, no clear guidelines have been developed regarding the agent or treatment duration. Hence, a broad range of antifungal and surgical treatments have been reported so far. AIM To clarify treatment of non-albicans Candida PJIs. METHODS A literature review of all existing non-albicans Candida PJIs cases through April 2018 was conducted. Information was extracted about demographics, comorbidities, responsible species, duration and type of antifungal treatment, type of surgical treatment, time between initial arthroplasty and symptom onset, time between symptom onset and definite diagnosis, outcome of the infection and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 83 cases, with a mean age of 66.3 years, were located. The causative yeast isolated in most cases was C. parapsilosis (45 cases;54.2%), followed by C. glabrata (18 cases;21.7%). The mean Charlson comorbidity index was 4.4 ± 1.5. The mean time from arthropalsty to symptom onset was 27.2 ± 43 mo, while the mean time from symptom onset to culture-confirmed diagnosis was 7.5 ± 12.5 mo. A two stage revision arthroplasty (TSRA), when compared to one stage revision arthroplasty, had a higher success rate (96% vs 73%, P = 0.023). Fluconazole was the preferred antifungal agent (59;71%), followed by amphotericin B (41;49.4%). CONCLUSION The combination of TSRA and administration of prolonged antifungal therapy after initial resection arthroplasty is suggested on the basis of limited data.
