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Effects of bamboo invasion on forest structures and diameter–height allometries
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作者 Ming Ouyang Anwar Eziz +8 位作者 Shuli Xiao Wenjing Fang Qiong Cai Suhui Ma Jiangling Zhu Qingpei Yang Jinming Hu Zhiyao Tang Jingyun Fang 《Forest Ecosystems》 2025年第1期38-45,共8页
Forest structure is fundamental in determining ecosystem function,yet the impact of bamboo invasion on these structural characteristics remains unclear.We investigated 219 invasion transects at 41 sites across the dis... Forest structure is fundamental in determining ecosystem function,yet the impact of bamboo invasion on these structural characteristics remains unclear.We investigated 219 invasion transects at 41 sites across the distribution areas of Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)in China to explore the effects of bamboo invasion on forest structural attributes and diameter–height allometries by comparing paired plots of bamboo,mixed bamboo-tree,and non-bamboo forests along the transects.We found that bamboo invasion decreased the mean and maximum diameter at breast height,maximum height,and total basal area,but increased the mean height,stem density,and scaling exponent for stands.Bamboo also had a higher scaling exponent than tree,particularly in mixed forests,suggesting a greater allocation of biomass to height growth.As invasion intensity increased,bamboo allometry became more plastic and decreased significantly,whereas tree allometry was indirectly promoted by increasing stem density.Additionally,a humid climate may favour the scaling exponents for both bamboo and tree,with only minor contributions from topsoil moisture and nitrogen content.The inherent superiority of diameter–height allometry allows bamboo to outcompete tree and contributes to its invasive success.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the causes and consequences of bamboo invasion. 展开更多
关键词 Moso bamboo forest structure Stand density DBHHeight allometry Scaling exponent Wetness index
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Tree species identity and interaction determine vertical forest structure in young planted forests measured by terrestrial laser scanning
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作者 Mengxi Wang Lander Baeten +7 位作者 Frieke Van Coillie Kim Calders Kris Verheyen Quentin Ponette Haben Blondeel Bart Muys John Armston Hans Verbeeck 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期266-275,共10页
Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and productivity.Mixing tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical fores... Vertical forest structure is closely linked to multiple ecosystem characteristics,such as biodiversity,habitat,and productivity.Mixing tree species in planted forests has the potential to create diverse vertical forest structures due to the different physiological and morphological traits of the composing tree species.However,the relative importance of species richness,species identity and species interactions for the variation in vertical forest structure remains unclear,mainly because traditional forest inventories do not observe vertical stand structure in detail.Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS),however,allows to study vertical forest structure in an unprecedented way.Therefore,we used TLS single scan data from 126 plots across three experimental planted forests of a largescale tree diversity experiment in Belgium to study the drivers of vertical forest structure.These plots were 9–11years old young pure and mixed forests,characterized by four levels of tree species richness ranging from monocultures to four-species mixtures,across twenty composition levels.We generated vertical plant profiles from the TLS data and derived six stand structural variables.Linear mixed models were used to test the effect of species richness on structural variables.Employing a hierarchical diversity interaction modelling framework,we further assessed species identity effect and various species interaction effects on the six stand structural variables.Our results showed that species richness did not significantly influence most of the stand structure variables,except for canopy height and foliage height diversity.Species identity on the other hand exhibited a significant impact on vertical forest structure across all sites.Species interaction effects were observed to be site-dependent due to varying site conditions and species pools,and rapidly growing tree species tend to dominate these interactions.Overall,our results highlighted the importance of considering both species identity and interaction effects in choosing suitable species combinations for forest management practices aimed at enhancing vertical forest structure. 展开更多
关键词 TreeDivNet FORBIO Stand structural complexity Terrestrial laser scanning Vertical forest structure Tree diversity Planted forests
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Effects of Tropical Storm on Mangroves Forest Structure of Dongzhai Harbor in Hainan Island
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作者 邱治军 王旭 +2 位作者 杨怀 张永明 周光益 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第5期80-83,共4页
The effects of tropical storm on the community structure of Sonneratia caseolaris-Sonneratia apetala(S.caseolaris-S.apetala) artificial mangroves and Ceriops tagal-Rhizophora stylosa(C.tagal-R.stylosa) natural mangrov... The effects of tropical storm on the community structure of Sonneratia caseolaris-Sonneratia apetala(S.caseolaris-S.apetala) artificial mangroves and Ceriops tagal-Rhizophora stylosa(C.tagal-R.stylosa) natural mangroves were analyzed in Dongzhai Harbor in Hainan Island,and the results showed that the average tree height,crown width(CW) in east-west direction(E-W) and north-south direction(N-S) of S.caseolaris-S.apetala artificial mangroves were decreased by 2.8%,14.3% and 12.1% respectively,but the average clear bole height was increased by 60.0% after tropical storm.For C.tagal-R.stylosa natural mangroves,the average tree height and clear bole height were increased by 8.3% and 20.0%,but there was no change in CW(E-W) and CW(N-S).Therefore,tropical storm had greater effects on artificial mangroves than natural mangroves.After tropical storm,tree heights of different species increased in the following sequence:C.tagal>R.stylosa>S.apetala>S.caseolaris,and the sequence of effect degree on CW was C.tagal>R.stylosa>S.caseolaris>S.apetala,while it was C.tagal < R.stylosa < S.caseolaris < S.apetala for clear bole height.Under the effect of tropical storm,the average biomass loss and dry biomass loss of S.caseolaris-S.apetala artificial mangroves were 0.22 and 0.13 t/hm2 respectively,while there was a minimal biomass loss in C.tagal-R.stylosa natural mangroves.On the whole,the wind resistance of natural mangroves was better than artificial mangroves,and that of C.tagal was stronger than R.stylosa,while S.caseolaris was better than S.apetala. 展开更多
关键词 Tropical storm MANGROVES forest structure EFFECT China
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Effects of selection cutting on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Fujian, southern China 被引量:2
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作者 Qiu Ren-hui Chen Han Zhuo Li-xin 《Forestry Studies in China》 CAS 2006年第1期16-20,共5页
The short-term effects of selection curing of different intensities on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Fujian Province were investigated and analyzed. The result... The short-term effects of selection curing of different intensities on the forest structure and species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest in northern Fujian Province were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that selection curing of low and medium intensities caused little variation in the forest structure. After curing, the dominant species retained their leading status in the community. However, the community structure changed significantly following selection curing of high and extra-high intensities; the status of the dominant species of the community declined dramatically. Some tree species began to disappear from the sampling plots. Except for extra-high intensity curing, the diversity of tree species did not change significantly for the other three curing intensities. However, the evenness of the stands was very different among the four kinds of curing plots. For low and medium intensity selection cutting, the evenness declined slightly. For extra-high intensity selection curing, the evenness increased to some extent, which might be due to a more even distribution of tree species after curing. CuRing operations resulted in some adverse reactions to development of arborous species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest, particularly serious damage to the forest canopy. But the rational selection cuttings, which may benefit the restoration and maintenance of species diversity over a long period and may come about from the variations in environmental factors such as sunlight, temperature and humidity. 展开更多
关键词 selection cutting forest structure cutting intensities importance value species diversity
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Forest structure and anthropogenic pressures in the Pachmarhi biosphere reserve of India 被引量:1
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作者 Chandra Prakash Kala 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第4期867-874,共8页
A critical first step in establishing biosphere reserves--under the Man and Biosphere Programme of UNESCO--is to generate baseline information for future courses of action. The present study aims to assess the structu... A critical first step in establishing biosphere reserves--under the Man and Biosphere Programme of UNESCO--is to generate baseline information for future courses of action. The present study aims to assess the structure and composition of forests--along with anthro- pogenic pressures mounting on these forests in the buffer zone of one such biosphere reserves--the Pachmarhi bio- sphere reserve of India. The quadrat method was employed for sampling vegetation, and information on anthropogenic pressures was collected by conducting interviews with local people and forest officials and collecting it from secondary sources. A total of 39 tree species were sampled in 82 quadrats; of these 26 tree species were in standing stage, 25 in sapling, and 35 in seedling. Chloroxylon swi- etenia emerged as the most dominant tree species having highest importance value index, followed by Tectona grandis, Terminalia tomentosa, and Hardwickia binata. Nine tree species and their saplings, including Sterculia urens and Terminalia arjuna, were exploited so badly that they were only found in the seedlings stage. The unavail- ability of standing trees of 12 important tree species including Aegle marmelos and Phyllanthus emblicaindicates the intensity and gravity of anthropogenic pres- sures on these important tree species. If the present anthropogenic pressure continues, which has inhibited the regeneration of several tree species, then substantial neg- ative ecological and societal consequences can be expected. 展开更多
关键词 Pachmarhi biosphere reserve TROPICALforest forest composition forest structure REGENERATION Anthropogenic pressures
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Forest Structure Analysis in the Oban Division of Cross River National Park, Nigeria 被引量:1
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《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2012年第5期510-518,共9页
Information on forest structure is important for forest management decisions. This is inadequate in many situations, especially where timber is not of primary interest. We analyzed the structure of two forest types in... Information on forest structure is important for forest management decisions. This is inadequate in many situations, especially where timber is not of primary interest. We analyzed the structure of two forest types in the Oban Division of Cross River National Park, Nigeria. Systematic sampling technique was used to establish two transects measuring 2,000 x 2 m, at 600 m interval in the two forest types in four locations. Four 50 m x 50 m plots were located alternately at 500 m intervals along each transect, constituting 32 plots per forest type and 64 plots in all, Diameters at breast height (DBH), base; middle and top; crown diameter; total height and crown length were measured on all trees with DBH 〉_ 10 cm. There were 159 stems/ha in the close-canopy forest and 132 stems/ha in the secondary forest. The mean DBH were 34.5 cm and 33.62 cm respectively. The mean heights were 24.79 m and 23.97 m, respectively. Basal area/ha were 41.59 m2 ha~ and 27.38 m2 hal for the two forest types. Majority of the trees encountered in the two forest types belonged to the middle stratum which has implication for small mammals' populations. Emergent trees which are otherwise scarce in other parts of the country were recorded, which also has implications for density thinning and seed supplies. 展开更多
关键词 RAINforest forest structure SIZE systematic sampling technique distribution management.
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Tree structure and diversity shape the biomass of primary temperate mountain forests 被引量:1
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作者 Dheeraj Ralhan Ruffy Rodrigo +14 位作者 Heather Keith Annemiek Irene Stegehuis Jakob Pavlin Yumei Jiang Milos Rydval Juliana Nogueira Alexandre Fruleux Marek Svitok Martin Mikolas Daniel Kozak Martin Dusatko Pavel Janda Oleh Chaskovsky Catalin-Constantin Roibu Miroslav Svoboda 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期568-579,共12页
Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of ... Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and dead biomass.Yet,little is known about the interactions between biomass stocks,tree genus diversity and structure across a temperate montane primary forest.Here,we investigated the relationship between tree structure(variability in basal area and tree size),genus-level diversity(abundance,tree diversity)and biomass stocks in temperate primary mountain forests across Central and Eastern Europe.We used inventory data from726 permanent sample plots from mixed beech and spruce across the Carpathian Mountains.We used nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass,structure,and genus-level diversity and how they interact with plot-level tree age,disturbances,temperature and altitude.We found that the combined effects of genus and structural indices were important for addressing the variability in biomass across different spatial scales.Local processes in disturbance regimes and uneven tree age support forest hete rogeneity and the accumulation of live and dead biomass through the natural regeneration,growth and decay of the forest ecosystem.Structural complexities in basal area index,supporte d by genus-level abundance,positively influence total biomass stocks,which was modulated by tree age and disturbances.Spruce forests showed higher tree density and basal area than mixed beech forests,though mixed beech still contributes significantly to biomass across landscapes.Forest heterogeneity was strongly influenced by complexities in forest composition(tree genus diversity,structure).We addressed the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores,achieved through structure and diversity.Safeguarding such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest,carbon store and biodiversity into the future. 展开更多
关键词 Biodiversity indicators Biomass carbon stock Ecosystem functioning forest composition Primary forest structure Tree size distribution
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Canopy structural heterogeneity drives α and β species-genetic diversity correlations in a Chinese subtropical forest
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作者 Zhiliang Yao Xia Pan +6 位作者 Xin Yang Xiaona Shao Bin Wang Yun Deng Zhiming Zhang Qiaoming Li Luxiang Lin 《Plant Diversity》 2025年第1期106-114,共9页
Patterns and drivers of species–genetic diversity correlations(SGDCs)have been broadly examined across taxa and ecosystems and greatly deepen our understanding of how biodiversity is maintained.However,few studies ha... Patterns and drivers of species–genetic diversity correlations(SGDCs)have been broadly examined across taxa and ecosystems and greatly deepen our understanding of how biodiversity is maintained.However,few studies have examined the role of canopy structural heterogeneity,which is a defining feature of forests,in shaping SGDCs.Here,we determine what factors contribute toα-andβ-species–genetic diversity correlations(i.e.,α-andβ-SGDCs)in a Chinese subtropical forest.For this purpose,we used neutral molecular markers to assess genetic variation in almost all adult individuals of the dominant tree species,Lithocarpus xylocarpus,across plots in the Ailaoshan National Natural Reserve.We also quantified microhabitat variation by quantifying canopy structure heterogeneity with airborne laser scanning on 201-ha subtropical forest plots.We found that speciesα-diversity was negatively correlated with geneticα-diversity.Canopy structural heterogeneity was positively correlated with speciesα-diversity but negatively correlated with geneticα-diversity.These contrasting effects contributed to the formation of a negativeα-SGDC.Further,we found that canopy structural heterogeneity increases speciesα-diversity and decreases geneticα-diversity by reducing the population size of target species.Speciesβ-diversity,in contrast,was positively correlated with geneticβ-diversity.Differences in canopy structural heterogeneity between plots had non-linear parallel effects on the two levels ofβ-diversity,while geographic distance had a relatively weak effect onβ-SGDC.Our study indicates that canopy structural heterogeneity simultaneously affects plot-level community species diversity and population genetic diversity,and species and genetic turnover across plots,thus drivingα-andβ-SGDCs. 展开更多
关键词 Dominant species forest structure LIDAR Lithocarpus xylocarpus Speciesegenetic diversity correlation Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest
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Effect of human disturbance on the structure and regeneration of forests in the Nevado de Toluca National Park, Mexico 被引量:5
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作者 Angel Rolando Endara Agramont Sergio Franco Maass +2 位作者 Gabino Nava Bernal Juan Ignacio Valdez Hernández Todd S.Fredericksen 《Journal of Forestry Research》 CAS CSCD 2012年第1期39-44,共6页
Sample plots were established in the principal forest types in the the Nevado de Toluca National Park, Mexico including those domi- nated by Pinus hartwegii, Abies religiosa, Quercus laurina and Alnus jorullensis. The... Sample plots were established in the principal forest types in the the Nevado de Toluca National Park, Mexico including those domi- nated by Pinus hartwegii, Abies religiosa, Quercus laurina and Alnus jorullensis. The vertical structure was defined by three strata in the coniferous forests and two strata in the broadleaved forests. Timber harvesting in Abies religiosa and Quercus laurina forests and fires generated by humans in Pinus hartwegii forests impeded the recruitment of saplings. Mature trees were also heavily impacted by logging in Pinus hartwegii forests. On the contrary, Alnusjorullensis forests were increas- ing due to the disturbance of Pinus and Quercus forests, as well aban- doned crop lands within the park. A combination of logging, uncon- trolled fire, and grazing appears to be compromising the recruitment of important tree species in this national park. These factors, together with human settlements, have also increased the proportion of early succes- sional species. Changes in forest structure from human disturbance indicate a need to control these activities if conservation goals are not to be compromised. 展开更多
关键词 forest structure human disturbance mountain forests
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Effects of Logging Intensity on Structure and Composition of a Broadleaf-Korean Pine Mixed Forest on Changbai Mountains,Northeast China 被引量:2
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作者 WU Zhijun SU Dongkai +6 位作者 NIU Lijun Bernard Joseph LEWIS YU Dapao ZHOU Li ZHOU Wangming WU Shengnan DAI Limin 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第1期59-67,共9页
In order to identify a harvesting model which is beneficial for broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest (BKF) sustainability, we investigated four types of harvested stands which have been logged with intensities of 0 (... In order to identify a harvesting model which is beneficial for broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest (BKF) sustainability, we investigated four types of harvested stands which have been logged with intensities of 0 (T0, control), 15% (T1, low intensity), 35% (T2, moderate intensity), and 100% (T3, clear-cutting), and examined the impacts of logging intensity on composition and structure of these stands. Results showed that there were no significant differences between To and T1 for all structural characteristics, except for density of seeding and large trees. The mean diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m above the ground), stem density and basal area of large trees in T2 were significantly lower than in To, while the density of seedlings and saplings were significantly higher in T2 than in To. Structural characteristics in T3 were entirely different from To. Dominant tree species in primary BKF comprised 93%, 85%, 45% and 10% of the total basal area in T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Three community similarity indices, the Jaccard's similarity coefficient (Cj); the Morisita-Hom index (CMH); and the Bray-Curtis index (CN), were the highest for T0 and T1, followed by T0 and T2, and T0 and T3, in generally. These results suggest that effects of harvesting on forest composition and structure are related to logging intensities. Low intensity harvesting is conductive to preserving forest structure and composition, allowing it to recover in a short time period. The regime characterized by low logging intensity and short rotations appears to be a sustainable harvesting method for BKF on the Changbai Mountains. 展开更多
关键词 broadleaf-Korean pine mixed forest forest structure species composition logging intensity Changbai Mountains
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Does variable stand structure associated with multi-cohort forests support diversity of ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities in the central Nearctic boreal forest? 被引量:1
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作者 Erica P. Barkley Jay R. Malcolm +1 位作者 Sandy M. Smith M. Isabel Bellocq 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第5期1191-1202,共12页
Multi-cohort management (MCM) that retains a range of stand structures (age and size class) has been proposed to emulate natural disturbance and improve management in the Nearctic boreal forest. Although MCM fores... Multi-cohort management (MCM) that retains a range of stand structures (age and size class) has been proposed to emulate natural disturbance and improve management in the Nearctic boreal forest. Although MCM forests contain both single- and multi-aged stands of mixed tree sizes, little is known about how variable stand structure affects associated fauna and biodiversity. Here, we examine the relationship between ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) communities and stand characteristics across a range of forest structure (=cohort classes). Given that MCM classes are defined by the distribution of their tree-stem diameters, we ask whether parameters associated with these distributions (Weibull) could explain observed variation in carabid communities, and if so, how this compares to traditional habitat variables such as stand age, foliage complexity or volume of downed woody debris. We sampled carabids using weekly pitfall collections and compared these with structural habitat variables across a range of cohort classes (stand structure and age since disturbance) in 18 sites of upland mixed boreal forests from central Canada. Results showed that richness and diversity of carabid communities were similar among cohort classes. Weibull parameters from the diameter distribution of all stems were the strongest predictors of variation in carabid communities among sites, but vertical foliage complexity, understory thickness, and percentage of deciduous composition were also significant. The abundance of several carabid forest specialists was strongly correlated with tree canopy height, the presence of large trees, and high vertical foliage complexity. Our results demonstrate that variable forest structure, as expected under MCM, may be useful in retaining the natural range of ground beetle species across the central Nearctic boreal forest. 展开更多
关键词 Biodiversity conservation Boreal forest CARABIDAE forest structure Ground beetles Multi-cohortmanagement Tree diameter distribution
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Small-area estimation of forest stand structure in Jalisco, Mexico 被引量:1
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作者 Robin M. Reich Celedonio Aguirre-Bravo 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第4期285-292,I0004,共9页
Natural resource statistics are often unavailable for small ecological or economic regions and policymakers have to rely on state-level datasets to evaluate the status of their resources (i.e., forests, rangelands, g... Natural resource statistics are often unavailable for small ecological or economic regions and policymakers have to rely on state-level datasets to evaluate the status of their resources (i.e., forests, rangelands, grasslands, agriculture, etc.) at the regional or local level. These resources can be evaluated using small-area estimation techniques. However, it is unknown which small area technique produces the most valid and precise results. The reliability and accuracy of two methods, synthetic and regression estimators, used in smallarea analyses, were examined in this study. The two small-area analysis methods were applied to data from Jalisco's state-wide natural resource inventory to examine how well each technique predicted selected characteristics of forest stand structure. The regression method produced the most valid and precise estimates of forest stand characteristics at multiple geographical scales. Therefore, state and local resource managers should utilize the regression method unless appropriate auxiliary information is not available. 展开更多
关键词 forest structure regression estimator synthetic estimator spatial model stratified random sampling satellite imagery inventory and monitoring
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Decomposition and stabilization of organic matter in an old-growth tropical riparian forest:effects of soil properties and vegetation structure 被引量:1
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作者 Pedro Henrique de Godoy Fernandes Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de Souza +1 位作者 Marcel Okamoto Tanaka Renata Sebastiani 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第1期173-181,共9页
Background:Nutrient cycling in tropical forests has a large importance for primary productivity,and decomposition of litterfall is a major process influencing nutrient balance in forest soils.Although large-scale fact... Background:Nutrient cycling in tropical forests has a large importance for primary productivity,and decomposition of litterfall is a major process influencing nutrient balance in forest soils.Although large-scale factors strongly influence decomposition patterns,small-scale factors can have major influences,especially in old-growth forests that have high structural complexity and strong plant-soil correlations.Here we evaluated the effects of forest structure and soil properties on decomposition rates and stabilization of soil organic matter using the Tea Bag Index(TBI)in an old-growth riparian forest in southeastern Brazil.These data sets were described separately using Principal Components Analysis(PCA).The main axes for each analysis,together with soil physical properties(clay content and soil moisture),were used to construct structural equations models that evaluated the different parameters of the TBI,decomposition rates and stabilization factor.The best model was selected using Akaike’s criterion.Results:Forest structure and soil physical and chemical properties presented large variation among plots within the studied forest.Clay content was strongly correlated with soil moisture and the first PCA axis of soil chemical properties,and model selection indicated that clay content was a better predictor than this axis.Decomposition rates presented a large variation among tea bags(0.009 and 0.098 g·g^(−1)·d−1)and were positively related with forest structure,as characterized by higher basal area,tree density and larger trees.The stabilization factor varied between 0.211–0.426 and was related to forest stratification and soil clay content.Conclusions:The old-growth forest studied presented high heterogeneity in both forest structure and soil properties at small spatial scales,that influenced decomposition processes and probably contributed to small-scale variation in nutrient cycling.Decomposition rates were only influenced by forest structure,whereas the stabilization factor was influenced by both forest structure and soil properties.Heterogeneity in ecological processes can contribute to the resilience of old-growth forests,highlighting the importance of restoration strategies that consider the spatial variation of ecosystem processes. 展开更多
关键词 Tea bag index forest structure Carbon fixation Nutrient cycling
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Vertical stratification of ichneumonid wasp communities: the effects of forest structure and life-history traits
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作者 Filippo Di Giovanni Pierfilippo Cerretti +2 位作者 Franco Mason Emma Minari Lorenzo Marini 《Insect Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第5期688-699,共12页
Parasitoid wasp communities of the canopy of temperate forests are still largely unexplored. Very little is known about the community composition ofparasitoids between canopy and understory and how much of this differ... Parasitoid wasp communities of the canopy of temperate forests are still largely unexplored. Very little is known about the community composition ofparasitoids between canopy and understory and how much of this difference is related to forest structure or parasitoid biological strategies. In this study we investigated upon the difference in the community composition of the parasitic wasps Ichneumonidae between canopy and understory in a lowland temperate forest in northern Italy. We used general linear models to test whether parasitic strategy modifies species vertical stratification and the effect of forest structure. We also tested differences in β-diversity between canopy and understory traps and over time within single forest layers. We found that stand basal area was positively related to species richness, suggesting that the presence of mature trees can influence local wasp diversity, providing a higher number of microhabitats and hosts. The ichneumonid community of the canopy was different from that of the understory, and theβ-diversity analysis showed higher values for the canopy, due to a higher degree of species turnover between traps. In our analyses, the vertical stratification was different between groups of ichneumonids sharing different parasitic strategies. Idiobiont parasitoids of weakly or deeply concealed hosts were more diverse in the understory than in the canopy while parasitoids of spiders were equally distributed between the two layers. Even though the ichneumonid community was not particularly species-rich in the canopy of the temperate forests, the extension of sampling to that habitat significantly increased the number of species recorded. 展开更多
关键词 β-diversity biological traits CANOPY forest structure ICHNEUMONIDAE vertical stratification
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Modeling three-dimensional forest structures to drive canopy radiative transfer simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor
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作者 Wei Yang Hideki Kobayashi +3 位作者 Xuehong Chen Kenlo Nishida Nasahara Rikie Suzuki Akihiko Kondoh 《International Journal of Digital Earth》 SCIE EI 2018年第10期981-1000,共20页
Three-dimensional(3-D)Monte Carlo-based radiative transfer(MCRT)models are usually used for benchmarking in intercomparisons of the canopy radiative transfer(RT)simulations.However,the 3-D MCRT models are rarely appli... Three-dimensional(3-D)Monte Carlo-based radiative transfer(MCRT)models are usually used for benchmarking in intercomparisons of the canopy radiative transfer(RT)simulations.However,the 3-D MCRT models are rarely applied to develop remote sensing algorithms to estimate essential climate variables of forests,due mainly to the difficulties in obtaining realistic stand structures for different forest biomes over regional to global scales.Fortunately,some of important tree structure parameters such as canopy height and tree density distribution have been available globally.This enables to run the intermediate complexities of the 3-D MCRT models.We consequently developed a statistical approach to generate forest structures with intermediate complexities depending on the inputs of canopy height and tree density.It aims at facilitating applications of the 3-D MCRT models to develop remote sensing retrieval algorithms.The proposed approach was evaluated using field measurements of two boreal forest stands at Estonia and USA,respectively.Results demonstrated that the simulations of bidirectional reflectance factor(BRF)based on the measured forest structures agreed well with the BRF based on the generated structures from the proposed approach with the root mean square error(RMSE)and relative RMSE(rRMSE)ranging from 0.002 to 0.006 and from 0.7%to 19.8%,respectively.Comparison of the computed BRF with corresponding MODIS reflectance data yielded RMSE and rRMSE lower than 0.03 and 20%,respectively.Although the results from the current study are limited in two boreal forest stands,our approach has the potential to generate stand structures for different forest biomes. 展开更多
关键词 Bidirectional reflectance factor remote sensing forest structure radiative transfer model
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Characterizing stand structure in a spruce forests:effects of sampling protocols
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作者 Jun Du WeiJun Zhao +3 位作者 ZhiBin He JunJun Yang LongFei Chen Xi Zhu 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2015年第3期245-256,共12页
Spatial heterogeneity is an inherent characteristic of natural forest landscapes, therefore estimation of structural variability, including the collection and analyzing of field measurements, is a growing challenge fo... Spatial heterogeneity is an inherent characteristic of natural forest landscapes, therefore estimation of structural variability, including the collection and analyzing of field measurements, is a growing challenge for monitoring wildlife habitat di- versity and ecosystem sustainability. In this study, we investigated the combined influence of plot shape and size on the accuracy of assessment of conventional and rare structural features in two young-growth spruce-dominated forests in northwestern China. We used a series of inventory schemes and analytical approaches. Our data showed that options for sampling protocols, especially the selection of plot size considered in structural attributes measurement, dramatically af- fect the minimum number of plots required to meet a certain accuracy criteria. The degree of influence of plot shape is related to survey objectives; thus, effects of plot shape differ for evaluations of the "mean" or "representative" stand structural conditions from that for the range of habitat (in extreme values). Results of Monte Carlo simulations suggested that plot sizes 〈0.1 ha could be the most efficient way to sample for conventional characteristics (features with relative constancy within a site, such as stem density). Also, 0.25 ha or even larger plots may have a greater likelihood of capturing rare structural attributes (features possessing high randomness and spatial heterogeneity, such as volume of coarse woody debris) in our forest type. These findings have important implications for advisable sampling protocol (plot size and shape) to adequately capture information on forest habitat structure and diversity; such efforts must be based on a clear definition of which types are structural attributes to measure. 展开更多
关键词 forest structure sampling protocol Monte Carlo method spatial pattern spruce forest
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Impacts of canopy structure on the sub-canopy solar radiation under a deciduous forest based on fisheye photographs
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作者 YanLin Zhang XiaoLin Feng +1 位作者 XiaoLi Chang LiMin Tie 《Research in Cold and Arid Regions》 CSCD 2023年第3期150-160,共11页
Forest canopy in a deciduous forest has significant sheltering effects on the sub-canopy solar radiation,significantly influencing the energy balance of snow and permafrost beneath the forest and their spatial distrib... Forest canopy in a deciduous forest has significant sheltering effects on the sub-canopy solar radiation,significantly influencing the energy balance of snow and permafrost beneath the forest and their spatial distribution.This study employs a digital camera mounted with a fisheye lens to acquire photographs at various times in a growth cycle of the forest canopy at three selected sites in a deciduous forest near the Greater Khingan Mountains Forest Ecological Station,Northeast China.The vegetation types and conditions at the selected sites include P1 in Ledum-Claopodium-L.dahurica,P2 in Carex tato-L.dahurica,and P3 in Betula fruticosa-L.dahurica.After necessary image processing,these photographs were used to identify the canopy structure and its impacts on the sub-canopy solar radiation.Results show that fisheye photographs can successfully capture the forest canopy structure and are useful in estimating the sub-canopy solar radiation.The order of sheltering effects from the largest to the smallest on sub-canopy solar radiation at three selected sites is P3,P1,and P2,highly depending on the canopy density.Then sub-canopy solar radiation was calculated using fisheye photographs and an algorithm validated by in-situ observed solar radiation beneath the canopy at P1 and P3.The results are reasonable,although the accuracy seems compromised due to the mismatch of conditions for calculation and observation.Results also show that the mean annual solar radiation above the canopy was about 148.3 W/m2 in 2018,and the mean annual solar radiation values beneath the canopy were about 90.0,123.8,and 61.0 W/m2 at P1,P2,and P3,with only 60%,84%,and 42%of the total solar radiation penetrating through the canopy,respectively.Even in winter,when the trees are leafless,the canopy sheltering effects cannot be ignored in dense forests.Despite the limitations,fisheye photographs and related algorithms are useful in investigating the forest canopy structure and its impacts on sub-canopy solar radiation. 展开更多
关键词 Solar radiation forest structure Fisheye photograph Sub-canopy Deciduous forest
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Stand dynamics of old-growth hemlock forests in central Bhutan are shaped by natural disturbances
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作者 Karma Tenzin Craig R.Nitschke +3 位作者 Kathryn J.Allen Raphael Trouve Thiet V.Nguyen Patrick J.Baker 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期434-447,共14页
Understanding how past disturbances have influenced the development of forests is critical for deciphering their current structure and composition and forecasting future changes.In this study,dendrochronological metho... Understanding how past disturbances have influenced the development of forests is critical for deciphering their current structure and composition and forecasting future changes.In this study,dendrochronological methods were applied to uncover the disturbance history of old-growth hemlock-dominated forests in central Bhutan.Analysis of tree-ring samples from two old-growth hemlock stands,located in two different topographic settings,identified the importance of gap-phase dynamics in facilitating recruitment and growth releases and producing complex,multi-aged structure s over time.One site showed evidence of a near stand-replacing disturbance in the late 1700s,while the other showed no evide nce of high-severity disturbance at any time over the last 400 years.At both sites low-to medium-severity disturbances,some of which appear to be associated with cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal,dominated the disturbance regime.The hemlock stands exhibited a significant positive association between cyclone occurrence and growth release events and between recruitment pulses and growth release events.From 1800 to 1970 there was an increase in recruitment of angiosperm tree species at most sites and a corresponding decline in conifer recruitment.Over the past 50 years there has been little new recruitment;this may be due to light limitation in the understory from shade-tolerant angiosperms and bamboo in the lower strata of these stands.Significant variations in disturbance dynamics and recruitment were observed across the study sites,suggesting that other factors,such as topography and climate,may be influencing long-term stand development patterns.This study highlights the complex interplay between historical disturbance regimes and tree recruitment in shaping the age and size structures of old-growth hemlock forests in central Bhutan.It also provides new insights into the dynamics of these forests that can be used to support effective forest conservation and management in the future. 展开更多
关键词 forest structure Hemlock forest HIMALAYA Natural disturbance
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Structure and regeneration dynamics of three forest types at different succession stages of spruce – fir mixed forest in Changbai Mountain, northeastern China 被引量:6
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作者 GUO Wei-wei WANG Xin-jie +4 位作者 KANG Xin-gang ZHANG Qing MENG Jing-hui ZHANG Meng-tao JI Lei 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第9期1814-1826,共13页
Analyzing and understanding the structure and growth dynamics of forests at different stages is helpful to promote forest succession, restoration and management. Three spots representing three succession stages of spr... Analyzing and understanding the structure and growth dynamics of forests at different stages is helpful to promote forest succession, restoration and management. Three spots representing three succession stages of spruce-fir mixed forest(SF: polar-birch secondary forest, MF: spruce-fir mixed forest and PF: spruce-fir near primary forest) were established. Structure, growth dynamics during two growth seasons for dominant tree species, regeneration were examined, and a univariate O-ring function statistic was used to analyze the spatial patterns of main regeneration tree species. Results showed that,(1) composition of tree species, periodic annual increment(PAI) of the diameter at breast height(DBH), basal area for overstory trees and of ground diameter(DGH) for saplings, were significantly different with the succession;(2) the current species composition and regeneration dynamics of SF suggested a development towards spruce-fir mixed forests. Pioneer species like Betula platyphyllaa will gradually disappear while climax species, such as Abies nephrolepis, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis and Tilia amurensis will dominate forest stands;(3) Despite the highest volume occurring in PF, and saplings in it grew better than in the others, this forest type is unstable because of its unsustainable structure of DBH class and insufficient regeneration; and(4) MF had the most reasonable distribution of DBH class for adult trees(DBH > 5.0 cm) and DGH class for saplings(H ≥30 cm and DBH ≤5 cm), as well as an optimal volume increment. Limiting canopy opening size can lessen the physiological stress and promote the growth and competitive status of regeneration. Management implications for increasing the gaps and thus creating better growth conditions for understory saplings and facilitating forest succession were discussed. 展开更多
关键词 forest succession Saplings structure and growth Spatial pattern Changbai Mountain
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Aboveground biomass stocks of species-rich natural forests in southern China are influenced by stand structural attributes,species richness and precipitation
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作者 Wen-Hao Zeng Shi-Dan Zhu +3 位作者 Ying-Hua Luo Wei Shi Yong-Qiang Wang Kun-Fang Cao 《Plant Diversity》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期530-536,共7页
Forests,the largest terrestrial carbon sinks,play an important role in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.Although forest attributes and environmental factors have been shown to impact aboveground biom... Forests,the largest terrestrial carbon sinks,play an important role in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.Although forest attributes and environmental factors have been shown to impact aboveground biomass,their influence on biomass stocks in species-rich forests in southern China,a biodiversity hotspot,has rarely been investigated.In this study,we characterized the effects of environmental factors,forest structure,and species diversity on aboveground biomass stocks of 30 plots(1 ha each) in natural forests located within seven nature reserves distributed across subtropical and marginal tropical zones in Guangxi,China.Our results indicate that forest aboveground biomass stocks in this region are lower than those in mature tropical and subtropical forests in other regions.Furthermore,we found that aboveground biomass was positively correlated with stand age,mean annual precipitation,elevation,structural attributes and species richness,although not with species evenness.When we compared stands with the same basal area,we found that aboveground biomass stock was higher in communities with a higher coefficient of variation of diameter at breast height.These findings highlight the importance of maintaining forest structural diversity and species richness to promote aboveground biomass accumulation and reveal the potential impacts of precipitation changes resulting from climate warming on the ecosystem services of subtropical and northern tropical forests in China.Notably,many natural forests in southern China are not fully stocked.Therefore,their continued growth will increase their carbon storage over time. 展开更多
关键词 Subtropical forest Marginal tropical forest Aboveground biomass Species diversity forest structural attribute Environment factor
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