Objective To explore the effects on endocrinal function treated with acupuncture based on Qijie （the pathway of qi） theory in epilepsy patients. Methods A total of 60 epilepsy patients were randomly divided into acu...Objective To explore the effects on endocrinal function treated with acupuncture based on Qijie （the pathway of qi） theory in epilepsy patients. Methods A total of 60 epilepsy patients were randomly divided into acupuncture and medication group （n--30）, and single medication group （n = 30）. Both groups were taken antiepileptic drugs, sodium valproate regularly. The acupoints of Fengfu（风府 GV 16）,TiEmzhu （天柱 BL 10） and Renying （人迎 ST 9） were selected as major points according to Qijie theory （气街理论） in acupuncture and medication group. The plasma levels of cortisol （CORT）, estrogen （E2）, progesterone （Prog）, pituitary prolactin （PRL）, and epilepsy score were observed successively in both enrolled groups in pre-treatment and post-treatment. The outcomes were statistically analyzed. Results The effective rate was 96.7% in either group, and there was no significant differences; the epilepsy score was （13. 584.01） in pre- treatment and （7.86 ___4.90） in post-treatment in acupuncture and medication group and those in single medi- cation group were （12.97 ± 3. 91） and （7. 86 ± 4.90） respectively, indicating apparent improvement （P〈O. 05）. The increase of CORT in acupuncture and medication group indicated significant difference in post-treatment compared with that in single medication group （P = 0.046）. The differences of E2, PRL, Prog in post-treatment in two groups showed no statistical significance （P〉0. 05）. More effects had been a- chieved in acupuncture and medication group on endocrinal function and controlling epileptic seizures in epilepsy patients. Conclusion Acupuncture treatment based on Qijie theory is effective on improving endocrinal function in epilepsy patients.展开更多
Objective： To explore the relationship between yin-deficiency constitution （YDC） and biochemical indexes by way of observing the endocrinal and immune functions in subjects with YDC. Methods： On the basis of epide...Objective： To explore the relationship between yin-deficiency constitution （YDC） and biochemical indexes by way of observing the endocrinal and immune functions in subjects with YDC. Methods： On the basis of epidemiological investigation, 60 subjects with YDC and 50 with gentle constitution （GC） were selected according to the pertinent criteria. From each subject, 8 mL of fasting venous blood was drawn at 8：00-9：00 in the morning, with the serum separated by centrifugation 3 000 r/min for 5 min and preserved at -70℃ in a freezer. Serum levels of corticosterone, cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone （ACTH）, cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）, cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）, free triiodothyronine （FT3）, free thyroxine （1=-1-4）, throtropic stimulation hormone, interleukin 1β （IL-1β ） and interleukin 2 （IL-2） were detected by doubleantibody sandwich ELISA; cAMP/cGMP ratio was calculated, and the difference between the two constitutions in terms of these indexes was analyzed. Results： Serum FT3 was 4.16 ± 1.38 pmol/L in subjects with YDC, which was higher than that in subjects with GC （3.71 ±0.55 pmol/L）, but levels of cortisol （124.58± 45.36 ng/mL）, ACTH （58.92± 14.55 pg/mL）, cGMP （66.00 ± 18.02 pmol/mL） and FT4 （12.33 ± 3.12 pmol/L） in YDC were lower than those in GC （13.43±2.31 pmol/L）, showing significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： YDC is related to some extent with the disturbances in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, cyclic nucleoside system and immune function.展开更多
Pediatric pancreatic tumors,though rare,pose significant diagnostic and manage-ment challenges.The recent,22-year nationwide survey on pediatric pancreatic tumors in Japan by Makita et al offers valuable insights into...Pediatric pancreatic tumors,though rare,pose significant diagnostic and manage-ment challenges.The recent,22-year nationwide survey on pediatric pancreatic tumors in Japan by Makita et al offers valuable insights into this uncommon enti-ty,revealing striking geographical variations and questioning current treatment paradigms.This editorial commentary analyzes the study's key findings,inclu-ding the predominance of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms and their younger age of onset,which contrast sharply with Western data.It explores the implications for clinical practice and research,emphasizing the need for population-specific approaches to diagnosis and treatment.The revealed limited institutional expe-rience and surgical management patterns prompt a reevaluation of optimal care delivery for these complex cases,suggesting benefits of centralizing healthcare services.Furthermore,the commentary advocates for international collaborative studies to elucidate the genetic,environmental,and lifestyle factors influencing the development and progression of pediatric pancreatic tumors across diverse populations.It also outlines future directions,calling for advancements in precision medicine and innovative care delivery models to improve global patient outcomes.Unraveling Makita et al's findings within the broader landscape of pediatric oncology can stimulate further research and clinical advancements in managing pancreatic and other rare tumors in children.展开更多
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1)is an autosomal-inherited syndrome involving multiple endocrine tumors.It is characterized by multiple mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1,which is located on chromosom...Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1)is an autosomal-inherited syndrome involving multiple endocrine tumors.It is characterized by multiple mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1,which is located on chromosome 11q13.As main etiology of MEN1 is genetic mutations,clinical symptoms may vary.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Yuan et al.This article describes a case of(MEN1)characterized by low incidence and diagnostic complexity.MEN1 co-mmonly presents as parathyroid,pancreatic,and pituitary tumors.Diagnosis requires a combination of serologic tests,magnetic resonance imaging,computed tomography,endoscopic ultrasonography,immunologic and pathology.The diagnosis is unique depending on the site of disease.Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for MEN1.The prognosis depends on the site of origin,but early detection and intervention is the most effective.展开更多
In this manuscript,we comment on a recent publication by Yuan et al.This article provides a detailed scientific diagnostic process for a multiple endocrine neo-plasia type 1 patient,thus offering strong guidance for c...In this manuscript,we comment on a recent publication by Yuan et al.This article provides a detailed scientific diagnostic process for a multiple endocrine neo-plasia type 1 patient,thus offering strong guidance for clinical practice.However,we believe that the authors should also provide information on the patient's long-term prognosis.展开更多
Frozen shoulder(FS),also known as adhesive capsulitis,is a condition that causes contraction and stiffness of the shoulder joint capsule.The main symptoms are per-sistent shoulder pain and a limited range of motion in...Frozen shoulder(FS),also known as adhesive capsulitis,is a condition that causes contraction and stiffness of the shoulder joint capsule.The main symptoms are per-sistent shoulder pain and a limited range of motion in all directions.These symp-toms and poor prognosis affect people's physical health and quality of life.Currently,the specific mechanisms of FS remain unclear,and there is variability in treatment methods and their efficacy.Additionally,the early symptoms of FS are difficult to distinguish from those of other shoulder diseases,complicating early diagnosis and treatment.Therefore,it is necessary to develop and utilize animal models to under-stand the pathogenesis of FS and to explore treatment strategies,providing insights into the prevention and treatment of human FS.This paper reviews the rat models available for FS research,including external immobilization models,surgical internal immobilization models,injection modeling models,and endocrine modeling models.It introduces the basic procedures for these models and compares and analyzes the advantages,disadvantages,and applicability of each modeling method.Finally,our paper summarizes the common methods for evaluating FS rat models.展开更多
Suicide is defined as the act of a person attempting to take their own life by causing death.Suicide is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a multitude of factors,including psychosocial,cultural,and religious a...Suicide is defined as the act of a person attempting to take their own life by causing death.Suicide is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a multitude of factors,including psychosocial,cultural,and religious aspects,as well as genetic,biochemical,and environmental factors.From a biochemical perspective,it is crucial to consider the communication between the endocrine,immune,and nervous systems when studying the etiology of suicide.Several pathologies involve the bidirectional communication between the peripheral activity and the central nervous system by the action of molecules such as cytokines,hormones,and neurotransmitters.These humoral signals,when present in optimal quantities,are responsible for maintaining physiological homeostasis,including mood states.Stress elevates the cortisol and proinflammatory cytokines levels and alter neurotransmitters balance,thereby increasing the risk of developing a psychiatric disorder and subsequently the risk of suicidal behavior.This review provides an integrative perspective about the neurochemical,immunological,and endocrinological disturbances associated with suicidal behavior,with a particular focus on those alterations that may serve as potential risk markers and/or indicators of the state preceding such a tragic act.展开更多
Benign,premalignant or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors are increasingly diagnosed owing to the widespread uptake of cross-sectional imaging.Surgical excision is a potential treatment option for these tumors.Panc...Benign,premalignant or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors are increasingly diagnosed owing to the widespread uptake of cross-sectional imaging.Surgical excision is a potential treatment option for these tumors.Pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy are the standard resections for tumors located in the pancreatic head-neck or body-tail,respectively,and not uncommonly sacrifice a significant amount of healthy pancreatic parenchyma.Central pancreatectomy(CP)is a parenchyma-sparing procedure,initially performed by Dagradi and Serio in 1982,in a patient with pancreatic neck insulinoma.Since then,an increasing number of cases are being performed worldwide,either via open or minimally invasive surgical access.Additionally,pancreatic enucleation is reserved for tumors<3 cm,without involvement of the main pancreatic duct.CP remains an alternative approach in selected cases,albeit in the presence of some controversies,such as its use in early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or metastatic deposits to the central aspect of the pancreas from other malignancies.In recent years,clarity is lacking as regards indications for CP,and despite accumulating evidence in favor of limited resections for suitable pancreatic tumors,no evidence-based consensus guidelines are yet available.Nevertheless,it appears that appropriate patient selection is of paramount importance to maximize the advantages of preservation of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions as well as to mitigate the risks of higher complication rates.In this comprehensive review,we explore the role of CP in the treatment of lesions located in the neck and proximal body of the pancreas.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasias(MENs)are a group of hereditary diseases invol-ving multiple endocrine glands,and their prevalence is low.MEN type 1(MEN1)has diverse clinical manifestations,mainly involving th...BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasias(MENs)are a group of hereditary diseases invol-ving multiple endocrine glands,and their prevalence is low.MEN type 1(MEN1)has diverse clinical manifestations,mainly involving the parathyroid glands,gastrointestinal tract,pancreas and pituitary gland,making it easy to miss the clinical diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a patient in whom MEN1 was detected early.A middle-aged male with recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhea was admitted to the hos-pital.Blood tests at admission revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia,and emission computed tomography of the parathyroid glands revealed a hy-perfunctioning parathyroid lesion.Gastroscopy findings suggested a duodenal bulge and ulceration.Ultrasound endoscopy revealed a hypoechoic lesion in the duodenal bulb.Further blood tests revealed elevated levels of serum gastrin.Surgery was performed,and pathological analysis of the surgical specimens revealed a parathyroid adenoma after parathyroidectomy and a neuroendocrine tumor after duodenal bulbectomy.The time from onset to the definitive diagnosis of MEN1 was only approximately 1 year.CONCLUSION For patients who present with gastrointestinal symptoms accompanied by hyper-calcemia and hypophosphatemia,clinicians need to be alert to the possibility of MEN1.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2)is a rare,autosomal dominant endocrine disease.Currently,the RET proto-oncogene is the only gene implicated in MEN2A pathogenesis.Once an RET carrier is detected,fam...BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2)is a rare,autosomal dominant endocrine disease.Currently,the RET proto-oncogene is the only gene implicated in MEN2A pathogenesis.Once an RET carrier is detected,family members should be screened to enable early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma,pheochromocytoma,and hyperparatitity.Among these,medullary thyroid carcinoma is the main factor responsible for patient mortality.Accordingly,delineating strategies to inform clinical follow-up and treatment plans based on genes is paramount for clinical practitioners.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present RET proto-oncogene mutations,clinical characteristics,and treatment strategies in a family with MEN2A.A family study was conducted on patients diagnosed with MEN2A.DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of family members,and first-generation exon sequencing of the RET protooncogene was conducted.The C634Y mutation was identified in three family members spanning three generations.Two patients were sequentially diagnosed with pheochromocytomas and bilateral medullary thyroid carcinomas.A 9-yearold child harboring the gene mutation was diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma.Surgical resection of the tumors was performed.All family members were advised to undergo complete genetic testing related to the C634Y mutation,and the corresponding treatments administered based on test results and associated clinical guidelines.CONCLUSION Advancements in MEN2A research are important for familial management,assessment of medullary thyroid cancer invasive risk,and deciding surgical timing.展开更多
This review delved into the intricate relationship between circadian clocks and physiological processes,emphasizing their critical role in maintaining homeo-stasis.Orchestrated by interlocked clock genes,the circadian...This review delved into the intricate relationship between circadian clocks and physiological processes,emphasizing their critical role in maintaining homeo-stasis.Orchestrated by interlocked clock genes,the circadian timekeeping system regulates fundamental processes like the sleep-wake cycle,energy metabolism,immune function,and cell proliferation.The central oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes with light-dark cycles,while peripheral tissue clocks are influenced by cues such as feeding times.Circadian disruption,linked to modern lifestyle factors like night shift work,correlates with adverse health outcomes,including metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular diseases,infec-tions,and cancer.We explored the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock genes and their impact on metabolic disorders and cancer pathogenesis.Specific associ-ations between circadian disruption and endocrine tumors,spanning breast,ovarian,testicular,prostate,thyroid,pituitary,and adrenal gland cancers,are highlighted.Shift work is associated with increased breast cancer risk,with PER genes influencing tumor progression and drug resistance.CLOCK gene expression correlates with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer,while factors like aging and intermittent fasting affect prostate cancer.Our review underscored the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and cancer,involving the regulation of the cell cycle,DNA repair,metabolism,immune function,and the tumor microenvir-onment.We advocated for integrating biological timing into clinical consider-ations for personalized healthcare,proposing that understanding these connec-tions could lead to novel therapeutic approaches.Evidence supports circadian rhythm-focused therapies,particularly chronotherapy,for treating endocrine tumors.Our review called for further research to uncover detailed connections between circadian clocks and cancer,providing essential insights for targeted treatments.We emphasized the importance of public health interventions to mitigate lifestyle-related circadian disruptions and underscored the critical role of circadian rhythms in disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.展开更多
The avian hippocampus,akin to its mammalian counterpart,plays a critical role in cognitive and physiological processes despite notable structural differences.Initially thought to be less developed,recent studies over ...The avian hippocampus,akin to its mammalian counterpart,plays a critical role in cognitive and physiological processes despite notable structural differences.Initially thought to be less developed,recent studies over the past two decades have revealed it as a complex brain region essential for diverse functions in both laboratory and free-living birds.This review synthesizes current knowledge on the avian hippocampus’organization,functionality,and neurophysiological significance.We first examine its anatomical structure and neuronal connectivity,comparing it with the mammalian hippocampus.We then highlight how its volume,neuronal density,and neurogenesis support spatial memory and navigation,influencing behaviors such as migration,food storing,brood parasitism,and homing.Beyond spatial functions,the avian hippocampus mediates emotion and stress physiology through interactions with the endocrine system,particularly via glucocorticoid receptors.It also influences spatial memory through sex hormones,especially estradiol,with local estrogen production through aromatase activity enhancing memory and plasticity.Therefore,the avian hippocampus serves as a central neural hub,integrating sensory information with internal states to facilitate essential behaviors and responses to external environmental stimuli.This review underscores the progress made in understanding this brain structure’s roles,highlighting conserved neurophysiological functions across vertebrate taxa.展开更多
Despite advancements in the field,early diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1)remains unachievable.This letter to the editor highlighted the importance of carefully assessing gastrointestinal symptoms,...Despite advancements in the field,early diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1)remains unachievable.This letter to the editor highlighted the importance of carefully assessing gastrointestinal symptoms,hypercalcemia,and elevated serum gastrin levels,as suggested by Yuan et al in their paper.They focused on a patient with recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhea whose diagnostic path led to establishing a MEN1 diagnosis within a year.This emphasized the need for clinicians to consider MEN1 in patients with similar presentations,particularly when gastrointestinal symptoms persist or recur after discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors,especially knowing that early recognition and intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes.展开更多
Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of combining traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),specifically Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),with Western medicine(WM),compared to WM alone to treat breast cancer endocrine ther...Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of combining traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),specifically Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),with Western medicine(WM),compared to WM alone to treat breast cancer endocrine therapy-related osteoporosis(BCET-OP)by meta-analysis.Methods:Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials involving 2170 participants were analyzed.Eight databases were searched for articles published between inception and December 2023.Quality assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool.Results:Significant increases were observed in the TCM-WM group in lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density(BMD)(P<.001,mean difference(MD)=0.07,95%confidence interval(CI):0.06 to 0.08),lumbar vertebrae T-score(P=.0005,MD=0.21,95%CI:0.09 to 0.33)and collum femoris BMD(P=.01,MD=0.10,95%CI:0.02 to 0.19).No significant difference was observed between the groups in the collum femoris T-score and estradiol levels.Bone gla-protein levels were significantly increased in the TCM-WM group(P=.0002,MD=0.52,95%CI:0.25 to 0.79).Beta-CrossLaps decreased significantly in the TCM-WM group(P=.0008,MD=−0.10,95%CI:−0.16 to−0.04).No significant difference was observed between the TCM-WM and WM groups in alkaline phosphatase,in procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide,and in the Kupperman index.The visual analog score(VAS)was decreased in the TCM-WM group compared to the WM group(P<.001,MD=−1.40,95%CI:−1.94 to−0.87).No significant difference in adverse events was observed between the two groups.Conclusion:Combining CHM with WM in patients with BCET-OP significantly improved BMD,T-score,and certain bone turnover markers and reduced the VAS score,indicating potential benefits for bone health and related pain.Adverse event analysis revealed no differences between the groups,supporting the feasibility of the combination therapy.However,further research,particularly in diverse populations,is required.展开更多
BACKGROUND Globally,prostate cancer has become a major threat to men's health,with an increasing incidence and causes serious effects on the quality and length of life of patients.Despite the rapid development of ...BACKGROUND Globally,prostate cancer has become a major threat to men's health,with an increasing incidence and causes serious effects on the quality and length of life of patients.Despite the rapid development of medical technology,which provides treatments,including surgery,radiotherapy,and endocrine therapy,the treatment of patients with prostate cancer,especially with endocrine therapy,has become a major challenge in clinical treatment owing to the lengthy course of treatment,side effects of drugs,and impact of the disease on the psychological and physiological functioning of the patient,producing poor treatment adherence and a decline in quality of life.After the nursing intervention,the anxiety and depression scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The quality of life score,sexual function,and hormone function were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Case management guidance based on patient safety effectively reduced anxiety and depression in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer and improved their quality of life,treatment compliance,and satisfaction.展开更多
BACKGROUND Surgical intervention involving the pancreas can lead to impaired glucose tolerance and other types of endocrine dysfunction.The scope of pancreatectomy and whether it includes the ventral pancreas are the ...BACKGROUND Surgical intervention involving the pancreas can lead to impaired glucose tolerance and other types of endocrine dysfunction.The scope of pancreatectomy and whether it includes the ventral pancreas are the key factors in the development of postoperative diabetes.The ventral and dorsal pancreases are almost separated in Suncus murinus(S.murinus).AIM To investigate the effects of different extents of pancreatic resection on endocrine function in S.murinus.METHODS Eight-week-old male S.murinus shrews were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to different pancreatic resection ranges as follows:ventral pancreatectomy(VPx)group;partial pancreatectomy(PPx)group;subtotal pancreatectomy(SPx)group;and a sham-operated group.Postprandial serum insulin,glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),pancreatic polypeptide(PP),and somatostatin(SST)levels,as well as food intake,weight,blood glucose,and glucose tolerance were regularly measured for each animal.RESULTS S.murinus treated with PPx and SPx suffered from varying degrees of impaired glucose tolerance,but only a small proportion of the SPx group developed diabetes.Only S.murinus in the SPx group showed a significant decrease in food intake accompanied by severe weight loss,as well as a significant increase in postprandial serum GLP-1 levels.Postprandial serum PP levels decreased in both the VPx and PPx groups,but not in the SPx group.Postprandial serum SST levels decreased in both VPx and PPx groups,but the decrease was marginal.CONCLUSION Severe weight loss after pancreatectomy may be related to loss of appetite caused by compensatory elevation of GLP-1.PP and GLP-1 may play a role in resisting blood glucose imbalance.展开更多
Different types of neuroendocrine cancer,including medullary thyroid cancer(MTC)and thyroid C-cell hyperplasia,are part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2).A proto-oncogene mutation of the rearranged during t...Different types of neuroendocrine cancer,including medullary thyroid cancer(MTC)and thyroid C-cell hyperplasia,are part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2).A proto-oncogene mutation of the rearranged during transfection(RET)gene changes the way that receptor tyrosine kinases work.Multiple endocrine neoplasia,a pathological condition,involves these kinases.When the RET protooncogene changes,it can cause endocrine adenomas and hyperplasia to happen at the same time or one after the other.Pheochromocytoma,medullary thyroid carcinoma,and hyperparathyroidism,alone or in combination,are present in MEN2A patients.Some patients may also have skin lichen amyloidosis or Hirschsprung's disease.Patients with MEN2A often present with MTC.MTC is aggressive and has the worst prognosis,as most patients exhibit lymph node metastasis.MTC is one of the important causes of death in patients with MEN2A.RET mutation analysis aids in identifying MEN2A symptoms and monitoring levels of calcium,thyroid hormones,calcitonin,normetanephrine,fractionated metanephrines,and parathyroid hormone.The earlier diagnosis of MTC significantly improves survival and prompts better management of MEN2A.In this editorial,we will discuss the significance of molecular diagnostic approaches in detecting RET oncogene mutations in MEN2A.展开更多
This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in Chinese medicine in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases in 2023,covering traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,TCM extracts,...This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in Chinese medicine in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases in 2023,covering traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,TCM extracts,and TCM combinations,including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications,obesity,hyperuricaemia,and thyroid disorders.After systematic sorting and summary,we found that in 2023,the research focusing on the application of TCM for endocrine metabolic diseases was still on the mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular levels,which not only influenced the classical pathways of lipid metabolism,but also delved into the key mechanisms of anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-insulin resistance,and so on.Additionally,TCM has shown remarkable results in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases by improving intestinal flora disorders and abnormal cellular iron death.These research results provide valuable ideas,methods,and tools for TCM in the prevention and treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases,and provide important references and guidance for future research and practice.展开更多
Immune checkpoint inhibitors(and more specifically programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors as Pembrolizumab)initiated a revolution in the field of melanoma and have now expanded to several tu...Immune checkpoint inhibitors(and more specifically programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors as Pembrolizumab)initiated a revolution in the field of melanoma and have now expanded to several tumor subtypes and in increasingly broader clinical contexts,including the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting,with potentially curable patients and prolonged survival.The side effects related to these drugs include a wide spectrum of manifestations,with endocrinological adverse events being some of the most frequent.Pembrolizumab-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus is an infrequent but potentially serious and not clearly reversible side effect that possesses characteristic clinical features and has high morbidity and mortality,with a chronic impact on quality of life.The etiopathogenesis of this phenomenom needs to be further investigated and a collaborative effort through the involvement of oncologists and other medical specialists is necessary for the correct identification and management of patients at risk.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)are exposed to a higher risk of developing neuroendocrine tumors(NETs).Periampullary neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)in NF1 patients primarily affect the duodenum an...BACKGROUND Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)are exposed to a higher risk of developing neuroendocrine tumors(NETs).Periampullary neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)in NF1 patients primarily affect the duodenum and periampullary region.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital due to progressive skin and scleral yellowing for over 6 months.An abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a tumor in the periampullary region,which measured 1.2 cm×1.4 cm in size and showed a progressive enhancement.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography indicated the dilation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.The patient was diagnosed with an ampullary tumor with the possibility of malignancy.A Whipple procedure was performed.Microscopically,the duodenum tumor was found to invade the mucosa,sphincter,and muscular layer of the duodenal papilla.Histologic hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed the presence of duodenal G1 NET.Subsequently,a bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the state of NEN research.Publications about periampullary NENs showed an annual increase,with most of them focusing on the treatment and diagnosis of NENs.CONCLUSION This article reported a case of periampullary duodenal NET in a patient with NF1,and a bibliometric analysis was conducted.展开更多
基金subsidized by Guangdong Province Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine(NO:103018)
文摘Objective To explore the effects on endocrinal function treated with acupuncture based on Qijie （the pathway of qi） theory in epilepsy patients. Methods A total of 60 epilepsy patients were randomly divided into acupuncture and medication group （n--30）, and single medication group （n = 30）. Both groups were taken antiepileptic drugs, sodium valproate regularly. The acupoints of Fengfu（风府 GV 16）,TiEmzhu （天柱 BL 10） and Renying （人迎 ST 9） were selected as major points according to Qijie theory （气街理论） in acupuncture and medication group. The plasma levels of cortisol （CORT）, estrogen （E2）, progesterone （Prog）, pituitary prolactin （PRL）, and epilepsy score were observed successively in both enrolled groups in pre-treatment and post-treatment. The outcomes were statistically analyzed. Results The effective rate was 96.7% in either group, and there was no significant differences; the epilepsy score was （13. 584.01） in pre- treatment and （7.86 ___4.90） in post-treatment in acupuncture and medication group and those in single medi- cation group were （12.97 ± 3. 91） and （7. 86 ± 4.90） respectively, indicating apparent improvement （P〈O. 05）. The increase of CORT in acupuncture and medication group indicated significant difference in post-treatment compared with that in single medication group （P = 0.046）. The differences of E2, PRL, Prog in post-treatment in two groups showed no statistical significance （P〉0. 05）. More effects had been a- chieved in acupuncture and medication group on endocrinal function and controlling epileptic seizures in epilepsy patients. Conclusion Acupuncture treatment based on Qijie theory is effective on improving endocrinal function in epilepsy patients.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Programof China (973 Program,No.2005CB523501)
文摘Objective： To explore the relationship between yin-deficiency constitution （YDC） and biochemical indexes by way of observing the endocrinal and immune functions in subjects with YDC. Methods： On the basis of epidemiological investigation, 60 subjects with YDC and 50 with gentle constitution （GC） were selected according to the pertinent criteria. From each subject, 8 mL of fasting venous blood was drawn at 8：00-9：00 in the morning, with the serum separated by centrifugation 3 000 r/min for 5 min and preserved at -70℃ in a freezer. Serum levels of corticosterone, cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone （ACTH）, cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）, cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）, free triiodothyronine （FT3）, free thyroxine （1=-1-4）, throtropic stimulation hormone, interleukin 1β （IL-1β ） and interleukin 2 （IL-2） were detected by doubleantibody sandwich ELISA; cAMP/cGMP ratio was calculated, and the difference between the two constitutions in terms of these indexes was analyzed. Results： Serum FT3 was 4.16 ± 1.38 pmol/L in subjects with YDC, which was higher than that in subjects with GC （3.71 ±0.55 pmol/L）, but levels of cortisol （124.58± 45.36 ng/mL）, ACTH （58.92± 14.55 pg/mL）, cGMP （66.00 ± 18.02 pmol/mL） and FT4 （12.33 ± 3.12 pmol/L） in YDC were lower than those in GC （13.43±2.31 pmol/L）, showing significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： YDC is related to some extent with the disturbances in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, cyclic nucleoside system and immune function.
文摘Pediatric pancreatic tumors,though rare,pose significant diagnostic and manage-ment challenges.The recent,22-year nationwide survey on pediatric pancreatic tumors in Japan by Makita et al offers valuable insights into this uncommon enti-ty,revealing striking geographical variations and questioning current treatment paradigms.This editorial commentary analyzes the study's key findings,inclu-ding the predominance of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms and their younger age of onset,which contrast sharply with Western data.It explores the implications for clinical practice and research,emphasizing the need for population-specific approaches to diagnosis and treatment.The revealed limited institutional expe-rience and surgical management patterns prompt a reevaluation of optimal care delivery for these complex cases,suggesting benefits of centralizing healthcare services.Furthermore,the commentary advocates for international collaborative studies to elucidate the genetic,environmental,and lifestyle factors influencing the development and progression of pediatric pancreatic tumors across diverse populations.It also outlines future directions,calling for advancements in precision medicine and innovative care delivery models to improve global patient outcomes.Unraveling Makita et al's findings within the broader landscape of pediatric oncology can stimulate further research and clinical advancements in managing pancreatic and other rare tumors in children.
文摘Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1)is an autosomal-inherited syndrome involving multiple endocrine tumors.It is characterized by multiple mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1,which is located on chromosome 11q13.As main etiology of MEN1 is genetic mutations,clinical symptoms may vary.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Yuan et al.This article describes a case of(MEN1)characterized by low incidence and diagnostic complexity.MEN1 co-mmonly presents as parathyroid,pancreatic,and pituitary tumors.Diagnosis requires a combination of serologic tests,magnetic resonance imaging,computed tomography,endoscopic ultrasonography,immunologic and pathology.The diagnosis is unique depending on the site of disease.Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for MEN1.The prognosis depends on the site of origin,but early detection and intervention is the most effective.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.821706751·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,No.ZYJC21011.
文摘In this manuscript,we comment on a recent publication by Yuan et al.This article provides a detailed scientific diagnostic process for a multiple endocrine neo-plasia type 1 patient,thus offering strong guidance for clinical practice.However,we believe that the authors should also provide information on the patient's long-term prognosis.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC2502100,2023YFC3603404 and 2019YFA0111900The National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82072506,82272611 and 92268115+7 种基金The Hunan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,Grant/Award Number:2024JJ2089The Hunan Young Talents of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:2021RC3025The Provincial Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Project of Hunan,Grant/Award Number:2023SK2024 and 2020SK53709The Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,Grant/Award Number:2020JJ3060The National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2023JJ30949The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital,Grant/Award Number:2021KFJJ02 and 2021LNJJ05The Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,Grant/Award Number:CX20230308 and CX20230312The Independent Exploration and Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students of Central South University,Grant/Award Number:2024ZZTS0163。
文摘Frozen shoulder(FS),also known as adhesive capsulitis,is a condition that causes contraction and stiffness of the shoulder joint capsule.The main symptoms are per-sistent shoulder pain and a limited range of motion in all directions.These symp-toms and poor prognosis affect people's physical health and quality of life.Currently,the specific mechanisms of FS remain unclear,and there is variability in treatment methods and their efficacy.Additionally,the early symptoms of FS are difficult to distinguish from those of other shoulder diseases,complicating early diagnosis and treatment.Therefore,it is necessary to develop and utilize animal models to under-stand the pathogenesis of FS and to explore treatment strategies,providing insights into the prevention and treatment of human FS.This paper reviews the rat models available for FS research,including external immobilization models,surgical internal immobilization models,injection modeling models,and endocrine modeling models.It introduces the basic procedures for these models and compares and analyzes the advantages,disadvantages,and applicability of each modeling method.Finally,our paper summarizes the common methods for evaluating FS rat models.
基金Supported by CONAHCYT Project,No.CF-2023-I-2663Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Project,No.NC24208.0(to Pérez-Sánchez G,Pavón L,Sánchez-Huerta K,Maldonado-García JL,Chin-Chan JM,Ponce-Regalado MD,Arreola R,Contis-Montes de Oca A,and Moreno-Lafont MC).
文摘Suicide is defined as the act of a person attempting to take their own life by causing death.Suicide is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a multitude of factors,including psychosocial,cultural,and religious aspects,as well as genetic,biochemical,and environmental factors.From a biochemical perspective,it is crucial to consider the communication between the endocrine,immune,and nervous systems when studying the etiology of suicide.Several pathologies involve the bidirectional communication between the peripheral activity and the central nervous system by the action of molecules such as cytokines,hormones,and neurotransmitters.These humoral signals,when present in optimal quantities,are responsible for maintaining physiological homeostasis,including mood states.Stress elevates the cortisol and proinflammatory cytokines levels and alter neurotransmitters balance,thereby increasing the risk of developing a psychiatric disorder and subsequently the risk of suicidal behavior.This review provides an integrative perspective about the neurochemical,immunological,and endocrinological disturbances associated with suicidal behavior,with a particular focus on those alterations that may serve as potential risk markers and/or indicators of the state preceding such a tragic act.
文摘Benign,premalignant or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors are increasingly diagnosed owing to the widespread uptake of cross-sectional imaging.Surgical excision is a potential treatment option for these tumors.Pancreatoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy are the standard resections for tumors located in the pancreatic head-neck or body-tail,respectively,and not uncommonly sacrifice a significant amount of healthy pancreatic parenchyma.Central pancreatectomy(CP)is a parenchyma-sparing procedure,initially performed by Dagradi and Serio in 1982,in a patient with pancreatic neck insulinoma.Since then,an increasing number of cases are being performed worldwide,either via open or minimally invasive surgical access.Additionally,pancreatic enucleation is reserved for tumors<3 cm,without involvement of the main pancreatic duct.CP remains an alternative approach in selected cases,albeit in the presence of some controversies,such as its use in early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or metastatic deposits to the central aspect of the pancreas from other malignancies.In recent years,clarity is lacking as regards indications for CP,and despite accumulating evidence in favor of limited resections for suitable pancreatic tumors,no evidence-based consensus guidelines are yet available.Nevertheless,it appears that appropriate patient selection is of paramount importance to maximize the advantages of preservation of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions as well as to mitigate the risks of higher complication rates.In this comprehensive review,we explore the role of CP in the treatment of lesions located in the neck and proximal body of the pancreas.
基金Supported by Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZSM202211029。
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasias(MENs)are a group of hereditary diseases invol-ving multiple endocrine glands,and their prevalence is low.MEN type 1(MEN1)has diverse clinical manifestations,mainly involving the parathyroid glands,gastrointestinal tract,pancreas and pituitary gland,making it easy to miss the clinical diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a patient in whom MEN1 was detected early.A middle-aged male with recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhea was admitted to the hos-pital.Blood tests at admission revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia,and emission computed tomography of the parathyroid glands revealed a hy-perfunctioning parathyroid lesion.Gastroscopy findings suggested a duodenal bulge and ulceration.Ultrasound endoscopy revealed a hypoechoic lesion in the duodenal bulb.Further blood tests revealed elevated levels of serum gastrin.Surgery was performed,and pathological analysis of the surgical specimens revealed a parathyroid adenoma after parathyroidectomy and a neuroendocrine tumor after duodenal bulbectomy.The time from onset to the definitive diagnosis of MEN1 was only approximately 1 year.CONCLUSION For patients who present with gastrointestinal symptoms accompanied by hyper-calcemia and hypophosphatemia,clinicians need to be alert to the possibility of MEN1.
基金Supported by The Finance Bureau of Dongguan City,Guangdong Province.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2)is a rare,autosomal dominant endocrine disease.Currently,the RET proto-oncogene is the only gene implicated in MEN2A pathogenesis.Once an RET carrier is detected,family members should be screened to enable early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma,pheochromocytoma,and hyperparatitity.Among these,medullary thyroid carcinoma is the main factor responsible for patient mortality.Accordingly,delineating strategies to inform clinical follow-up and treatment plans based on genes is paramount for clinical practitioners.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present RET proto-oncogene mutations,clinical characteristics,and treatment strategies in a family with MEN2A.A family study was conducted on patients diagnosed with MEN2A.DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of family members,and first-generation exon sequencing of the RET protooncogene was conducted.The C634Y mutation was identified in three family members spanning three generations.Two patients were sequentially diagnosed with pheochromocytomas and bilateral medullary thyroid carcinomas.A 9-yearold child harboring the gene mutation was diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma.Surgical resection of the tumors was performed.All family members were advised to undergo complete genetic testing related to the C634Y mutation,and the corresponding treatments administered based on test results and associated clinical guidelines.CONCLUSION Advancements in MEN2A research are important for familial management,assessment of medullary thyroid cancer invasive risk,and deciding surgical timing.
文摘This review delved into the intricate relationship between circadian clocks and physiological processes,emphasizing their critical role in maintaining homeo-stasis.Orchestrated by interlocked clock genes,the circadian timekeeping system regulates fundamental processes like the sleep-wake cycle,energy metabolism,immune function,and cell proliferation.The central oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes with light-dark cycles,while peripheral tissue clocks are influenced by cues such as feeding times.Circadian disruption,linked to modern lifestyle factors like night shift work,correlates with adverse health outcomes,including metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular diseases,infec-tions,and cancer.We explored the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock genes and their impact on metabolic disorders and cancer pathogenesis.Specific associ-ations between circadian disruption and endocrine tumors,spanning breast,ovarian,testicular,prostate,thyroid,pituitary,and adrenal gland cancers,are highlighted.Shift work is associated with increased breast cancer risk,with PER genes influencing tumor progression and drug resistance.CLOCK gene expression correlates with cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer,while factors like aging and intermittent fasting affect prostate cancer.Our review underscored the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and cancer,involving the regulation of the cell cycle,DNA repair,metabolism,immune function,and the tumor microenvir-onment.We advocated for integrating biological timing into clinical consider-ations for personalized healthcare,proposing that understanding these connec-tions could lead to novel therapeutic approaches.Evidence supports circadian rhythm-focused therapies,particularly chronotherapy,for treating endocrine tumors.Our review called for further research to uncover detailed connections between circadian clocks and cancer,providing essential insights for targeted treatments.We emphasized the importance of public health interventions to mitigate lifestyle-related circadian disruptions and underscored the critical role of circadian rhythms in disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31971413)to Dongming Lithe Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2023205016)to Limin Wang.
文摘The avian hippocampus,akin to its mammalian counterpart,plays a critical role in cognitive and physiological processes despite notable structural differences.Initially thought to be less developed,recent studies over the past two decades have revealed it as a complex brain region essential for diverse functions in both laboratory and free-living birds.This review synthesizes current knowledge on the avian hippocampus’organization,functionality,and neurophysiological significance.We first examine its anatomical structure and neuronal connectivity,comparing it with the mammalian hippocampus.We then highlight how its volume,neuronal density,and neurogenesis support spatial memory and navigation,influencing behaviors such as migration,food storing,brood parasitism,and homing.Beyond spatial functions,the avian hippocampus mediates emotion and stress physiology through interactions with the endocrine system,particularly via glucocorticoid receptors.It also influences spatial memory through sex hormones,especially estradiol,with local estrogen production through aromatase activity enhancing memory and plasticity.Therefore,the avian hippocampus serves as a central neural hub,integrating sensory information with internal states to facilitate essential behaviors and responses to external environmental stimuli.This review underscores the progress made in understanding this brain structure’s roles,highlighting conserved neurophysiological functions across vertebrate taxa.
基金Supported by the European Union-Next Generation EU,through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria,No.BG-RRP-2.004-0008.
文摘Despite advancements in the field,early diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1)remains unachievable.This letter to the editor highlighted the importance of carefully assessing gastrointestinal symptoms,hypercalcemia,and elevated serum gastrin levels,as suggested by Yuan et al in their paper.They focused on a patient with recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhea whose diagnostic path led to establishing a MEN1 diagnosis within a year.This emphasized the need for clinicians to consider MEN1 in patients with similar presentations,particularly when gastrointestinal symptoms persist or recur after discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors,especially knowing that early recognition and intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
基金supported by the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project)-TCM Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Diseases(Tumor-B21028).
文摘Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of combining traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),specifically Chinese herbal medicine(CHM),with Western medicine(WM),compared to WM alone to treat breast cancer endocrine therapy-related osteoporosis(BCET-OP)by meta-analysis.Methods:Thirty-eight randomized controlled trials involving 2170 participants were analyzed.Eight databases were searched for articles published between inception and December 2023.Quality assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool.Results:Significant increases were observed in the TCM-WM group in lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density(BMD)(P<.001,mean difference(MD)=0.07,95%confidence interval(CI):0.06 to 0.08),lumbar vertebrae T-score(P=.0005,MD=0.21,95%CI:0.09 to 0.33)and collum femoris BMD(P=.01,MD=0.10,95%CI:0.02 to 0.19).No significant difference was observed between the groups in the collum femoris T-score and estradiol levels.Bone gla-protein levels were significantly increased in the TCM-WM group(P=.0002,MD=0.52,95%CI:0.25 to 0.79).Beta-CrossLaps decreased significantly in the TCM-WM group(P=.0008,MD=−0.10,95%CI:−0.16 to−0.04).No significant difference was observed between the TCM-WM and WM groups in alkaline phosphatase,in procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide,and in the Kupperman index.The visual analog score(VAS)was decreased in the TCM-WM group compared to the WM group(P<.001,MD=−1.40,95%CI:−1.94 to−0.87).No significant difference in adverse events was observed between the two groups.Conclusion:Combining CHM with WM in patients with BCET-OP significantly improved BMD,T-score,and certain bone turnover markers and reduced the VAS score,indicating potential benefits for bone health and related pain.Adverse event analysis revealed no differences between the groups,supporting the feasibility of the combination therapy.However,further research,particularly in diverse populations,is required.
文摘BACKGROUND Globally,prostate cancer has become a major threat to men's health,with an increasing incidence and causes serious effects on the quality and length of life of patients.Despite the rapid development of medical technology,which provides treatments,including surgery,radiotherapy,and endocrine therapy,the treatment of patients with prostate cancer,especially with endocrine therapy,has become a major challenge in clinical treatment owing to the lengthy course of treatment,side effects of drugs,and impact of the disease on the psychological and physiological functioning of the patient,producing poor treatment adherence and a decline in quality of life.After the nursing intervention,the anxiety and depression scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The quality of life score,sexual function,and hormone function were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Case management guidance based on patient safety effectively reduced anxiety and depression in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer and improved their quality of life,treatment compliance,and satisfaction.
文摘BACKGROUND Surgical intervention involving the pancreas can lead to impaired glucose tolerance and other types of endocrine dysfunction.The scope of pancreatectomy and whether it includes the ventral pancreas are the key factors in the development of postoperative diabetes.The ventral and dorsal pancreases are almost separated in Suncus murinus(S.murinus).AIM To investigate the effects of different extents of pancreatic resection on endocrine function in S.murinus.METHODS Eight-week-old male S.murinus shrews were randomly divided into three experimental groups according to different pancreatic resection ranges as follows:ventral pancreatectomy(VPx)group;partial pancreatectomy(PPx)group;subtotal pancreatectomy(SPx)group;and a sham-operated group.Postprandial serum insulin,glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),pancreatic polypeptide(PP),and somatostatin(SST)levels,as well as food intake,weight,blood glucose,and glucose tolerance were regularly measured for each animal.RESULTS S.murinus treated with PPx and SPx suffered from varying degrees of impaired glucose tolerance,but only a small proportion of the SPx group developed diabetes.Only S.murinus in the SPx group showed a significant decrease in food intake accompanied by severe weight loss,as well as a significant increase in postprandial serum GLP-1 levels.Postprandial serum PP levels decreased in both the VPx and PPx groups,but not in the SPx group.Postprandial serum SST levels decreased in both VPx and PPx groups,but the decrease was marginal.CONCLUSION Severe weight loss after pancreatectomy may be related to loss of appetite caused by compensatory elevation of GLP-1.PP and GLP-1 may play a role in resisting blood glucose imbalance.
文摘Different types of neuroendocrine cancer,including medullary thyroid cancer(MTC)and thyroid C-cell hyperplasia,are part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2).A proto-oncogene mutation of the rearranged during transfection(RET)gene changes the way that receptor tyrosine kinases work.Multiple endocrine neoplasia,a pathological condition,involves these kinases.When the RET protooncogene changes,it can cause endocrine adenomas and hyperplasia to happen at the same time or one after the other.Pheochromocytoma,medullary thyroid carcinoma,and hyperparathyroidism,alone or in combination,are present in MEN2A patients.Some patients may also have skin lichen amyloidosis or Hirschsprung's disease.Patients with MEN2A often present with MTC.MTC is aggressive and has the worst prognosis,as most patients exhibit lymph node metastasis.MTC is one of the important causes of death in patients with MEN2A.RET mutation analysis aids in identifying MEN2A symptoms and monitoring levels of calcium,thyroid hormones,calcitonin,normetanephrine,fractionated metanephrines,and parathyroid hormone.The earlier diagnosis of MTC significantly improves survival and prompts better management of MEN2A.In this editorial,we will discuss the significance of molecular diagnostic approaches in detecting RET oncogene mutations in MEN2A.
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial First-Class Discipline Innovation and Research Fund Key Project(ZYXZD202405)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department Traditional Chinese Medicine Joint Project(202001AZ070001-026).
文摘This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in Chinese medicine in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases in 2023,covering traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,TCM extracts,and TCM combinations,including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications,obesity,hyperuricaemia,and thyroid disorders.After systematic sorting and summary,we found that in 2023,the research focusing on the application of TCM for endocrine metabolic diseases was still on the mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular levels,which not only influenced the classical pathways of lipid metabolism,but also delved into the key mechanisms of anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-insulin resistance,and so on.Additionally,TCM has shown remarkable results in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases by improving intestinal flora disorders and abnormal cellular iron death.These research results provide valuable ideas,methods,and tools for TCM in the prevention and treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases,and provide important references and guidance for future research and practice.
文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors(and more specifically programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors as Pembrolizumab)initiated a revolution in the field of melanoma and have now expanded to several tumor subtypes and in increasingly broader clinical contexts,including the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting,with potentially curable patients and prolonged survival.The side effects related to these drugs include a wide spectrum of manifestations,with endocrinological adverse events being some of the most frequent.Pembrolizumab-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus is an infrequent but potentially serious and not clearly reversible side effect that possesses characteristic clinical features and has high morbidity and mortality,with a chronic impact on quality of life.The etiopathogenesis of this phenomenom needs to be further investigated and a collaborative effort through the involvement of oncologists and other medical specialists is necessary for the correct identification and management of patients at risk.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)are exposed to a higher risk of developing neuroendocrine tumors(NETs).Periampullary neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)in NF1 patients primarily affect the duodenum and periampullary region.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital due to progressive skin and scleral yellowing for over 6 months.An abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a tumor in the periampullary region,which measured 1.2 cm×1.4 cm in size and showed a progressive enhancement.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography indicated the dilation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.The patient was diagnosed with an ampullary tumor with the possibility of malignancy.A Whipple procedure was performed.Microscopically,the duodenum tumor was found to invade the mucosa,sphincter,and muscular layer of the duodenal papilla.Histologic hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed the presence of duodenal G1 NET.Subsequently,a bibliometric analysis was performed to evaluate the state of NEN research.Publications about periampullary NENs showed an annual increase,with most of them focusing on the treatment and diagnosis of NENs.CONCLUSION This article reported a case of periampullary duodenal NET in a patient with NF1,and a bibliometric analysis was conducted.
