The reasonable development and utilization of mountainous regions closely relates to local economic development and ecological security. The wine production region in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ni...The reasonable development and utilization of mountainous regions closely relates to local economic development and ecological security. The wine production region in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, with its excellent terroir, is emerging as one of China's three major geographical attractions. Based on surveys of tourism resources and spatial analysis for this wine producing region, we propose a highly representative and practicable path for wine tourism development. Based on China's national standard in Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources(GB/T 18972-2003), which recommended the types and grades of tourism resources in one area, we conduct an analysis of resource characteristics and the current state of development. Using Arc GIS software, spatialautocorrelation analysis, average nearest neighbor analysis, as well as clustering and outlier analysis, we are able to derive the spatial distribution characteristics of tourism resources. Our survey showed that tourism resources in this area are relatively abundant and have good quality and clear combination advantages. Nonetheless, there are resources shortage for wine tourism and poor integration of wine production with the tourism industry. Regarding the spatial distribution of resources, we revealed the current states of and issues surrounding regions with concentrated resources, as well as characteristics of this clustering. Finally, we proposed a development path for wine tourism in this region based on the five dimensions of management mode, industrial path, product development, spatial optimization, and market development.展开更多
Local governments have long been ardently pursuing the industrial specialization effect(MAR externalities) and industrial diversification effect(Jacobs externalities). Such a pursuit has resulted in severe distortion ...Local governments have long been ardently pursuing the industrial specialization effect(MAR externalities) and industrial diversification effect(Jacobs externalities). Such a pursuit has resulted in severe distortion of resource allocation and negative effect on sustainability of local economic development. Regarding the effect from both MAR and Jacobs externalities on local economic development existing literature records notable disputes. Therefore, for local economic development, one important issue is which externality(MAR or Jacobs) can better bring the effect into play. By studying a panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2012 and applying dynamic plane data GMM method, this paper conducted a regression analysis of the relationship among industrial agglomeration externalities, city size, and regional economic development. The result indicates that with regard to the whole nation, MAR externalities are conducive to regional economy development whereas Jacobs externalities will, to an extent, restrain regional economic development. As regards eastern, middle, and western regions, MAR externalities are conducive only to the economic development of the eastern region; their effects on middle and western regions are insignificant. Moreover, the interaction item between MAR externalities and city size has a significant negative synergistic effect on national economic development and a certain acceleration effect on eastern region as well as a strong negative synergistic effect on the middle region and an insignificant effect on the western region. The interaction item between Jacobs externalities and city size has a positive synergistic effect on only the middle region and has an insignificant synergistic effect on both eastern and western regions. Capital stock and labor input have significant accelerating effects on GDP growth per capita of Chinese cities, whereas material capital and labor input remain primary driving forces for Chinese local economic development. Furthermore, human capital contributes to accelerating urban economic development, whereas government intervention restrains urban economic development.展开更多
In general, investigations carried out to date regarding/measuring systems/systems of measurement of sustainable development present two peculiarities： Either they are of a limited practical nature or they do not all...In general, investigations carried out to date regarding/measuring systems/systems of measurement of sustainable development present two peculiarities： Either they are of a limited practical nature or they do not allow for comparisons between different areas or economies. Global synthetic indicators are an exception to the above; however they have been scarcely developed. This article designs an index of said characteristics, which is subsequently applied to all the countries within the European Union and to the region of Galicia.展开更多
China is the most populous country in the world.The total Population on the mainland of China has in-creased from 540 million in 1949 to 1.18 billion by the end of 1993.China adopted a population policy by namc of&quo...China is the most populous country in the world.The total Population on the mainland of China has in-creased from 540 million in 1949 to 1.18 billion by the end of 1993.China adopted a population policy by namc of"controlling population growth and im-proving the quality of the human resources',which has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese pcoplc.The overw helming majority of the Chinese people have recognized the necessity for implementing the family planning programme not only for the sustained devel-opment of the country,but also for the benefits of their own familie cs.展开更多
There are documented differences between the success and failure factors in the developed and developing countries with regard to the adoption and embracement of Openness in e-Government practice models. This paper po...There are documented differences between the success and failure factors in the developed and developing countries with regard to the adoption and embracement of Openness in e-Government practice models. This paper posits that e-Government constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. The paper also suggests that e-Government encompasses more than just technology, that is, attempts to highlight the social and economic implications of changes that have occurred in recent years as a result of the transparency and accountability of government and how software usage can influence digital inclusion, trust and privacy and possible strategies to eliminate the digital divide by encouraging greater public and commercial use and re-use of government information through putting govermnent data on the Web. In addition to leveraging economic development, e-Government also helps to stream line govemment services to more social based values of inclusion and citizens＇ participation, accessibility and power relationship ratios. Although e-Government is not a new phenomenon in most developed countries such as the US, UK, Japan, most of the European countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa which have already announced their Open Government Initiatives and data portals it also leads to greater information asymmetry among citizens and government and also, institutionalization and diffusion asymmetry of the practice of the current Openness in e-Government models within developed and developing countries. Drawing on organizational decision-making research and following the explorative and grounded based research approach the findings of this research are that the information asymmetry between citizens and government and asymmetry in institutionalization and diffusion within developed and developing countries are widely attributed to socio-economic and political variations in developed and developing countries. Unless these differences are skill fully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, Openness in e-Government efforts would not help achieve the social and economic development goals by both developed and developing countries.展开更多
In this 21 st century, whether we like it or not, it is very clear that the Intemet, social media, and all ad of the related technology have come to stay. This new technological discovery has brought great and wonderf...In this 21 st century, whether we like it or not, it is very clear that the Intemet, social media, and all ad of the related technology have come to stay. This new technological discovery has brought great and wonderful benefits to our family＇s lives and relationships. However as it is always the case with any new innovations, it has its own negative side. This paper aims at investigating what actually social media is and how it translates to children, especially African children, as it relates to family and social living. Actually Internet provide benefits in areas such as cognitive and social development, it also presents risks together with opportunities for children＇s growth and development. It is common today to see children spending great quality of their time using other social websites. It is also evidenced that Interact provide benefits in the area of emotional and intellectual development and at the same time present risk as well as opportunities to children＇s development in functional and societal challenges. Therefore social media gives the children of the present age the opportunity to enter into global entertainment and communication. As a result of this development, there is now Internet addiction of children. Hence, there is serious need for parents to be aware of the nature of social media sites, their children are using. This is because not all of them are healthy environments for children. Experts such as childhood educators and psychologist even Paediatricians are equipped and so are better hands to assist parents not only to know and understand these websites but to encourage proper use and make them to monitor for potential problems such as cyber-bullying, facebook depression, exposure to inappropriate content and sexting. This paper proffers some recommendation that certainly will assist parents to bring up their children up to be vibrant adult even in this technological era.展开更多
Information is power. Information, especially in the present computer age, drives the world, our communication, our decision-making, and our reactions to things happening around us and even beyond. Thus the importance...Information is power. Information, especially in the present computer age, drives the world, our communication, our decision-making, and our reactions to things happening around us and even beyond. Thus the importance of information to individuals, organizations and even nations cannot be overemphasized. This paper focuses on the usefulness of information to national development, using Nigeria as a case study. Deferent countries have used different strategies and approaches successfully, to initiate and pursue development goals, ranging from import substitution strategy as the case of the Asian tigers, to export-led strategy as has been the case of the developed capitalist countries of the West. In all of this, the role of information in making it possible for Nigeria and other developing countries of the world to know and learn about development strategies from the developed world through internet, radio, television, print, meetings and international conferences has been very rewarding. One major finding from the avalanche of literature consulted is that no one particular strategy can be said to be universally most effective; the success or failure of a particular strategy depends on the prevailing circumstances in individual countries. It is recommended, among others, that economic experts involved in decision-making on national development should always be on the watch out to get the latest information on issues relating to national development.展开更多
The paper presents the recent evolution and development of Trentino retail planning policies and discusses an experimentation of a meta-evaluation methodology, namely TIE （Territorial Integrated Evaluation）, for des...The paper presents the recent evolution and development of Trentino retail planning policies and discusses an experimentation of a meta-evaluation methodology, namely TIE （Territorial Integrated Evaluation）, for designing retail resilient scenarios. A research team from the Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning of Politecnico di Torino applied this methodology experimentally to the practices of spatial planning in order to integrate territory and retail in the Trentino development policies. The application of TIE set out to design territorial retail scenarios that integrated various topics--retail, tourism, infrastructure, nature and landscape. On the base of TIE principles and criteria, each VC （Valley Community） is now implementing how to design its territorial scenarios assuming different approaches and visions according to its retail opportunities and risks. Starting from some best practices, the paper focuses on the innovative perspective for retail planning and for retail sites designed in Trentino. The emerging regional policy is aimed at linking quality of territorial retail development with environmental sustainability, respecting attractiveness and balance among different retail sites.展开更多
Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors there...Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors therefore play a crucial role in defining the alternation of urban space--in particular, that of the centers. The main focus of this research article is on the methodology used in the survey and evaluation of ＂centralities＂ as well as their developments over the past four decades （1974-2014） in approaches to urban development that has been developed in Graz.~ The analysis has drawn on the four editions （＂evolution＂） of approaches to urban development as conceived by the city of Graz in order to examine their verbal characteristics in regard to centralities. At the same time, the analysis does not examine presentations of plans which exist in supplementary forms （e.g., explanatory reports and supplemented plans）--it restricts itself solely to the various plans set out in the STEKs.2 The highest degree of accuracy has been applied to the notion of ＂centralis＂ in approaches to urban development. The goal of the research project was to depict the modulation of the notion of ＂centrality＂ in the urban context as a space-forming dimension. Furthermore, it clearly shows the extent to which the notion of the ＂centre＂ （in the widest sense of the word） has become distanced from qualitative, spatial development and at the current time of urban development is experiencing a sort of Renaissance. In the field of ＂urban development＂, architectural references in the context of＂centrality＂ have scarcely been researched. This has led to the opening-up of a complex interdisciplinary research field. In order to make the complex architectural determinants of ＂centrality＂ more accessible to the participating disciplines, approaches to urban development have been explored in the form of a social and spatial analysis.展开更多
Small scale farmers constitute about half of world＇s hungry people and include three quarters of Africa＇s malnourished children. The appropriate identification and characterization of this population and the constra...Small scale farmers constitute about half of world＇s hungry people and include three quarters of Africa＇s malnourished children. The appropriate identification and characterization of this population and the constraints it faces are essential for the design and the successful implementation of safety nets and to properly target their needs and effectively include them in agricultural development strategies. This paper aims at exploring the characteristics, limitations, and potential for agricultural development of small scale farmers in developing countries. It calculates four land cultivated thresholds which are then used as a measure to classify households that were surveyed in four developing countries. It empirically estimates the magnitudes of the smallholders, their characteristics, as well as their poverty status using the four thresholds. This analysis provides empirical evidence that small scale farmers still prevail in terms of population distribution in rural area settings in developing countries. Small scale farmers heavily rely on farm income as their form of livelihood and heavily contribute to the rural income. It also finds that land is unequally distributed among small and large scale farmers in the rural households. Small scale farmers also have the highest poverty rates in these rural settings.展开更多
Social capital has been recognised as a factor affecting sustainable development in every discipline. A network or a partnership is identified as a ＂structural＂ form of social capital and a tool to empower participa...Social capital has been recognised as a factor affecting sustainable development in every discipline. A network or a partnership is identified as a ＂structural＂ form of social capital and a tool to empower participants in the networks. There is a belief that social networks can be initiated or created at every level of social capital, from micro to macro. However, the concept of community is the key component of social capital, creating both physical ties （geographical locality） and normative behaviours （sense of belonging）. Therefore, this study is intended to enhance social capital at the community or micro-level, in order to sustain tourism development in those areas, and networking is initiated to enhance social capital. Participatory Action Research （PAR） was applied to tourism development in Kon Kaen Province. Tools and techniques used during this study included： observations, preliminary meetings, community meetings, tourism audits, workshops, and network meetings. Eleven districts in Khon Kaen were actively involved in the planning process.展开更多
The Historical Resultant Theory and The Scientific Outlook on Development are consistent in essence,with the former serving as the philosophical foundation of the latter,and the latter being the new and modern form of...The Historical Resultant Theory and The Scientific Outlook on Development are consistent in essence,with the former serving as the philosophical foundation of the latter,and the latter being the new and modern form of the former.Thorough analysis and deep understanding of the dialectical relationship of the two theories contributes a lot to promoting China's localization of Marxism and to building a harmonious socialist society,both theoretically and practically.展开更多
Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-li...Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.展开更多
In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting t...In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and contin...The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.展开更多
Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniq...Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.展开更多
Creative tourism is a dynamic and innovative approach to tourism,which points out the importance of people's active participation and their immersion in such experiences.In a vernacular context,it should attract p...Creative tourism is a dynamic and innovative approach to tourism,which points out the importance of people's active participation and their immersion in such experiences.In a vernacular context,it should attract people(local and tourists)attention to accomplish its main goals.Despite its rich cultural and natural assets,Kurdistan province faces several challenges that impact its tourism potential.To achieve that,the study uses quantitative approach to thoroughly analyze and evaluate the components of creative tourism in this province.The research focuses on tourists who visited the province's ten towns during the spring and summer of 2023.Data collection utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire ranging from"very good"to"very poor".The study employed a semistructured questionnaire developed through qualitative interviews alongside a researcher-made questionnaire validated by experts from the University of Kurdistan.The qualitative questionnaire achieved a high-reliability score of 93%using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.In-depth interviews and literary research were conducted to identify creative tourism components and indicators,informing the development of a quantitative questionnaire.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 and AMOS software to scrutinize the survey findings,providing insights into enhancing creative tourism strategies in Kurdistan province.The results reveal the varying significance of these dimensions,with the cultural dimension identified as the most crucial(factor loading:0.95),followed by the social(0.92),economic(0.88),and managerial/political dimensions(0.83).The study highlights the importance of cultural planning,community engagement,and infrastructural support in fostering creative tourism.Furthermore,it explores the impact of creative industries,such as music and arts rooted in Kurdish culture,on tourism development.Economic diversification and spatialphysical considerations are critical factors in enhancing Kurdistan's appeal as a creative tourism destination,emphasizing sustainable growth and cultural preservation.展开更多
Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehens...Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.展开更多
This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 emp...This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 employees across 78 SMEs, qualitative interviews, and case studies, the research examines how psychological factors influence cybersecurity behaviors and policy effectiveness. Key findings reveal significant correlations between psychological factors and security outcomes, including the relationship between self-efficacy and policy compliance (r = 0.42, p β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The study identifies critical challenges in risk perception, policy complexity, and organizational culture affecting SME cybersecurity implementation. Results demonstrate that successful cybersecurity initiatives require the integration of psychological principles with technical solutions. The research provides a framework for developing human-centric security policies that address both behavioral and technical aspects of cybersecurity in resource-constrained environments.展开更多
DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Ca...DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Camellia sinensis).In this study,we combined the methylome,transcriptome,and metabolome to investigate the dynamic changes in DNA methylation and its potential regulatory roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.In this study,the level of genomic DNA methylation increased as leaf development progressed from tender to old leaf.It additionally exhibited a similar distribution across the genomic background at the two distinct developmental stages studied.Notably,integrated analysis of transcriptomic and methylomic data showed that DNA hypermethylation primarily occurred in genes of the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The effect of methylation on transcription of these secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes was dependent on the location of methylation(i.e.,in the promoter,gene or intergenic regions)and the sequence context(i.e.,CpG,CHG,or CHH).Changes in the content of catechins and terpenoids were consistent with the changes in gene transcription and the methylation state of structural genes,such as serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases 1A(SCPL1A),leucoanthocyanidin reductase(LAR),and nerolidol synthase(NES).Our study provides valuable information for dissecting the effects of DNA methylation on regulation of genes involved in secondary metabolism during tea leaf development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41071110 41701620)
文摘The reasonable development and utilization of mountainous regions closely relates to local economic development and ecological security. The wine production region in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, with its excellent terroir, is emerging as one of China's three major geographical attractions. Based on surveys of tourism resources and spatial analysis for this wine producing region, we propose a highly representative and practicable path for wine tourism development. Based on China's national standard in Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources(GB/T 18972-2003), which recommended the types and grades of tourism resources in one area, we conduct an analysis of resource characteristics and the current state of development. Using Arc GIS software, spatialautocorrelation analysis, average nearest neighbor analysis, as well as clustering and outlier analysis, we are able to derive the spatial distribution characteristics of tourism resources. Our survey showed that tourism resources in this area are relatively abundant and have good quality and clear combination advantages. Nonetheless, there are resources shortage for wine tourism and poor integration of wine production with the tourism industry. Regarding the spatial distribution of resources, we revealed the current states of and issues surrounding regions with concentrated resources, as well as characteristics of this clustering. Finally, we proposed a development path for wine tourism in this region based on the five dimensions of management mode, industrial path, product development, spatial optimization, and market development.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571112)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(No.LY16D010002)
文摘Local governments have long been ardently pursuing the industrial specialization effect(MAR externalities) and industrial diversification effect(Jacobs externalities). Such a pursuit has resulted in severe distortion of resource allocation and negative effect on sustainability of local economic development. Regarding the effect from both MAR and Jacobs externalities on local economic development existing literature records notable disputes. Therefore, for local economic development, one important issue is which externality(MAR or Jacobs) can better bring the effect into play. By studying a panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2012 and applying dynamic plane data GMM method, this paper conducted a regression analysis of the relationship among industrial agglomeration externalities, city size, and regional economic development. The result indicates that with regard to the whole nation, MAR externalities are conducive to regional economy development whereas Jacobs externalities will, to an extent, restrain regional economic development. As regards eastern, middle, and western regions, MAR externalities are conducive only to the economic development of the eastern region; their effects on middle and western regions are insignificant. Moreover, the interaction item between MAR externalities and city size has a significant negative synergistic effect on national economic development and a certain acceleration effect on eastern region as well as a strong negative synergistic effect on the middle region and an insignificant effect on the western region. The interaction item between Jacobs externalities and city size has a positive synergistic effect on only the middle region and has an insignificant synergistic effect on both eastern and western regions. Capital stock and labor input have significant accelerating effects on GDP growth per capita of Chinese cities, whereas material capital and labor input remain primary driving forces for Chinese local economic development. Furthermore, human capital contributes to accelerating urban economic development, whereas government intervention restrains urban economic development.
文摘In general, investigations carried out to date regarding/measuring systems/systems of measurement of sustainable development present two peculiarities： Either they are of a limited practical nature or they do not allow for comparisons between different areas or economies. Global synthetic indicators are an exception to the above; however they have been scarcely developed. This article designs an index of said characteristics, which is subsequently applied to all the countries within the European Union and to the region of Galicia.
文摘China is the most populous country in the world.The total Population on the mainland of China has in-creased from 540 million in 1949 to 1.18 billion by the end of 1993.China adopted a population policy by namc of"controlling population growth and im-proving the quality of the human resources',which has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese pcoplc.The overw helming majority of the Chinese people have recognized the necessity for implementing the family planning programme not only for the sustained devel-opment of the country,but also for the benefits of their own familie cs.
文摘There are documented differences between the success and failure factors in the developed and developing countries with regard to the adoption and embracement of Openness in e-Government practice models. This paper posits that e-Government constitutes a critical context for social and economic development in both developed and developing countries. The paper also suggests that e-Government encompasses more than just technology, that is, attempts to highlight the social and economic implications of changes that have occurred in recent years as a result of the transparency and accountability of government and how software usage can influence digital inclusion, trust and privacy and possible strategies to eliminate the digital divide by encouraging greater public and commercial use and re-use of government information through putting govermnent data on the Web. In addition to leveraging economic development, e-Government also helps to stream line govemment services to more social based values of inclusion and citizens＇ participation, accessibility and power relationship ratios. Although e-Government is not a new phenomenon in most developed countries such as the US, UK, Japan, most of the European countries and some developing countries in Asia and Africa which have already announced their Open Government Initiatives and data portals it also leads to greater information asymmetry among citizens and government and also, institutionalization and diffusion asymmetry of the practice of the current Openness in e-Government models within developed and developing countries. Drawing on organizational decision-making research and following the explorative and grounded based research approach the findings of this research are that the information asymmetry between citizens and government and asymmetry in institutionalization and diffusion within developed and developing countries are widely attributed to socio-economic and political variations in developed and developing countries. Unless these differences are skill fully identified and accommodated as such into the development and use models, Openness in e-Government efforts would not help achieve the social and economic development goals by both developed and developing countries.
文摘In this 21 st century, whether we like it or not, it is very clear that the Intemet, social media, and all ad of the related technology have come to stay. This new technological discovery has brought great and wonderful benefits to our family＇s lives and relationships. However as it is always the case with any new innovations, it has its own negative side. This paper aims at investigating what actually social media is and how it translates to children, especially African children, as it relates to family and social living. Actually Internet provide benefits in areas such as cognitive and social development, it also presents risks together with opportunities for children＇s growth and development. It is common today to see children spending great quality of their time using other social websites. It is also evidenced that Interact provide benefits in the area of emotional and intellectual development and at the same time present risk as well as opportunities to children＇s development in functional and societal challenges. Therefore social media gives the children of the present age the opportunity to enter into global entertainment and communication. As a result of this development, there is now Internet addiction of children. Hence, there is serious need for parents to be aware of the nature of social media sites, their children are using. This is because not all of them are healthy environments for children. Experts such as childhood educators and psychologist even Paediatricians are equipped and so are better hands to assist parents not only to know and understand these websites but to encourage proper use and make them to monitor for potential problems such as cyber-bullying, facebook depression, exposure to inappropriate content and sexting. This paper proffers some recommendation that certainly will assist parents to bring up their children up to be vibrant adult even in this technological era.
文摘Information is power. Information, especially in the present computer age, drives the world, our communication, our decision-making, and our reactions to things happening around us and even beyond. Thus the importance of information to individuals, organizations and even nations cannot be overemphasized. This paper focuses on the usefulness of information to national development, using Nigeria as a case study. Deferent countries have used different strategies and approaches successfully, to initiate and pursue development goals, ranging from import substitution strategy as the case of the Asian tigers, to export-led strategy as has been the case of the developed capitalist countries of the West. In all of this, the role of information in making it possible for Nigeria and other developing countries of the world to know and learn about development strategies from the developed world through internet, radio, television, print, meetings and international conferences has been very rewarding. One major finding from the avalanche of literature consulted is that no one particular strategy can be said to be universally most effective; the success or failure of a particular strategy depends on the prevailing circumstances in individual countries. It is recommended, among others, that economic experts involved in decision-making on national development should always be on the watch out to get the latest information on issues relating to national development.
文摘The paper presents the recent evolution and development of Trentino retail planning policies and discusses an experimentation of a meta-evaluation methodology, namely TIE （Territorial Integrated Evaluation）, for designing retail resilient scenarios. A research team from the Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning of Politecnico di Torino applied this methodology experimentally to the practices of spatial planning in order to integrate territory and retail in the Trentino development policies. The application of TIE set out to design territorial retail scenarios that integrated various topics--retail, tourism, infrastructure, nature and landscape. On the base of TIE principles and criteria, each VC （Valley Community） is now implementing how to design its territorial scenarios assuming different approaches and visions according to its retail opportunities and risks. Starting from some best practices, the paper focuses on the innovative perspective for retail planning and for retail sites designed in Trentino. The emerging regional policy is aimed at linking quality of territorial retail development with environmental sustainability, respecting attractiveness and balance among different retail sites.
文摘Dispersed and peripheral spaces in the urban core are influenced both by the trend towards constant growth as well as social ways of life which are constantly evolving. Following a connotation, these two factors therefore play a crucial role in defining the alternation of urban space--in particular, that of the centers. The main focus of this research article is on the methodology used in the survey and evaluation of ＂centralities＂ as well as their developments over the past four decades （1974-2014） in approaches to urban development that has been developed in Graz.~ The analysis has drawn on the four editions （＂evolution＂） of approaches to urban development as conceived by the city of Graz in order to examine their verbal characteristics in regard to centralities. At the same time, the analysis does not examine presentations of plans which exist in supplementary forms （e.g., explanatory reports and supplemented plans）--it restricts itself solely to the various plans set out in the STEKs.2 The highest degree of accuracy has been applied to the notion of ＂centralis＂ in approaches to urban development. The goal of the research project was to depict the modulation of the notion of ＂centrality＂ in the urban context as a space-forming dimension. Furthermore, it clearly shows the extent to which the notion of the ＂centre＂ （in the widest sense of the word） has become distanced from qualitative, spatial development and at the current time of urban development is experiencing a sort of Renaissance. In the field of ＂urban development＂, architectural references in the context of＂centrality＂ have scarcely been researched. This has led to the opening-up of a complex interdisciplinary research field. In order to make the complex architectural determinants of ＂centrality＂ more accessible to the participating disciplines, approaches to urban development have been explored in the form of a social and spatial analysis.
文摘Small scale farmers constitute about half of world＇s hungry people and include three quarters of Africa＇s malnourished children. The appropriate identification and characterization of this population and the constraints it faces are essential for the design and the successful implementation of safety nets and to properly target their needs and effectively include them in agricultural development strategies. This paper aims at exploring the characteristics, limitations, and potential for agricultural development of small scale farmers in developing countries. It calculates four land cultivated thresholds which are then used as a measure to classify households that were surveyed in four developing countries. It empirically estimates the magnitudes of the smallholders, their characteristics, as well as their poverty status using the four thresholds. This analysis provides empirical evidence that small scale farmers still prevail in terms of population distribution in rural area settings in developing countries. Small scale farmers heavily rely on farm income as their form of livelihood and heavily contribute to the rural income. It also finds that land is unequally distributed among small and large scale farmers in the rural households. Small scale farmers also have the highest poverty rates in these rural settings.
文摘Social capital has been recognised as a factor affecting sustainable development in every discipline. A network or a partnership is identified as a ＂structural＂ form of social capital and a tool to empower participants in the networks. There is a belief that social networks can be initiated or created at every level of social capital, from micro to macro. However, the concept of community is the key component of social capital, creating both physical ties （geographical locality） and normative behaviours （sense of belonging）. Therefore, this study is intended to enhance social capital at the community or micro-level, in order to sustain tourism development in those areas, and networking is initiated to enhance social capital. Participatory Action Research （PAR） was applied to tourism development in Kon Kaen Province. Tools and techniques used during this study included： observations, preliminary meetings, community meetings, tourism audits, workshops, and network meetings. Eleven districts in Khon Kaen were actively involved in the planning process.
文摘The Historical Resultant Theory and The Scientific Outlook on Development are consistent in essence,with the former serving as the philosophical foundation of the latter,and the latter being the new and modern form of the former.Thorough analysis and deep understanding of the dialectical relationship of the two theories contributes a lot to promoting China's localization of Marxism and to building a harmonious socialist society,both theoretically and practically.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2019YFA0110300(to ZG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81773302(to YF),32070862(to ZG).
文摘Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant limitations.To address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and disease.To enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid culture.This involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid system.This cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology testing.As a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental toxins.Brain organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature differentiation.Cadmium exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic locations.The convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI(grant Nos.23K05678 to IM,19H05711 and 20H00466 to KS)the Joint Research Program of Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation,Gunma University(to KS)。
文摘In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates.These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily.Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Therefore,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function.RAB35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell migration.RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles.We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function.These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory.Strikingly,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination.In contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development.Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35.We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function,and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81901156(to ZZ),82271200(to ZZ),82171308(to XC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.xzy012022035(to ZZ)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,Nos.2021JM-261(to QK),2023-YBSF-303(to ZZ)Traditional Chinese Medicine Project of Shaanxi Province,No.2019-ZZ-JC047(to QK)。
文摘The organotypic retinal explant culture has been established for more than a decade and offers a range of unique advantages compared with in vivo experiments and cell cultures.However,the lack of systematic and continuous comparison between in vivo retinal development and the organotypic retinal explant culture makes this model controversial in postnatal retinal development studies.Thus,we aimed to verify the feasibility of using this model for postnatal retinal development studies by comparing it with the in vivo retina.In this study,we showed that postnatal retinal explants undergo normal development,and exhibit a consistent structure and timeline with retinas in vivo.Initially,we used SOX2 and PAX6 immunostaining to identify retinal progenitor cells.We then examined cell proliferation and migration by immunostaining with Ki-67 and doublecortin,respectively.Ki-67-and doublecortin-positive cells decreased in both in vivo and explants during postnatal retinogenesis,and exhibited a high degree of similarity in abundance and distribution between groups.Additionally,we used Ceh-10 homeodomain-containing homolog,glutamate-ammonia ligase(glutamine synthetase),neuronal nuclei,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 immunostaining to examine the emergence of bipolar cells,Müller glia,mature neurons,and microglia,respectively.The timing and spatial patterns of the emergence of these cell types were remarkably consistent between in vivo and explant retinas.Our study showed that the organotypic retinal explant culture model had a high degree of consistency with the progression of in vivo early postnatal retina development.The findings confirm the accuracy and credibility of this model and support its use for long-term,systematic,and continuous observation.
文摘Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.
基金supported by Exploring Visitor Satisfaction at Hunan's National Eco-Tourism Demonstration Zone in the Post-Pandemic Era:A Study(20YBA188)a project titled"Ecological and Limnological Study of the Zayibar International Wetland,Aiming to Provide Restoration Solutions"(S/01/9/10225),conducted at the Kurdistan Studies Research Institute,University of Kurdistan,in 2024。
文摘Creative tourism is a dynamic and innovative approach to tourism,which points out the importance of people's active participation and their immersion in such experiences.In a vernacular context,it should attract people(local and tourists)attention to accomplish its main goals.Despite its rich cultural and natural assets,Kurdistan province faces several challenges that impact its tourism potential.To achieve that,the study uses quantitative approach to thoroughly analyze and evaluate the components of creative tourism in this province.The research focuses on tourists who visited the province's ten towns during the spring and summer of 2023.Data collection utilized a Likert-scale questionnaire ranging from"very good"to"very poor".The study employed a semistructured questionnaire developed through qualitative interviews alongside a researcher-made questionnaire validated by experts from the University of Kurdistan.The qualitative questionnaire achieved a high-reliability score of 93%using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.In-depth interviews and literary research were conducted to identify creative tourism components and indicators,informing the development of a quantitative questionnaire.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20 and AMOS software to scrutinize the survey findings,providing insights into enhancing creative tourism strategies in Kurdistan province.The results reveal the varying significance of these dimensions,with the cultural dimension identified as the most crucial(factor loading:0.95),followed by the social(0.92),economic(0.88),and managerial/political dimensions(0.83).The study highlights the importance of cultural planning,community engagement,and infrastructural support in fostering creative tourism.Furthermore,it explores the impact of creative industries,such as music and arts rooted in Kurdish culture,on tourism development.Economic diversification and spatialphysical considerations are critical factors in enhancing Kurdistan's appeal as a creative tourism destination,emphasizing sustainable growth and cultural preservation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074045,52274074)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0028).
文摘Developing deep fragmented soft coalbed methane(CBM)can significantly enhance domestic natural gas supplies,reduce reliance on imported energy,and bolster national energy security.This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of commonly employed coalbed methane extraction technologies.It then delves into several critical issues in the current stage of CBM exploration and development in China,including the compatibility of existing technologies with CBM reservoirs,the characteristics and occurrence states of CBM reservoirs,critical desorption pressure,and gas generation mechanisms.Our research indicates that current CBM exploration and development technologies in China have reached an internationally advanced level,yet the industry is facing unprecedented challenges.Despite progress in low-permeability,high-value coal seams,significant breakthroughs have not been achieved in exploring other types of coal seams.For different coal reservoirs,integrated extraction technologies have been developed,such as surface pre-depressurisation and segmented hydraulic fracturing of coal seam roof strata.Additionally,techniques like large-scale volume fracturing in horizontal wells have been established,significantly enhancing reservoir stimulation effects and coalbed methane recovery rates.However,all of these technologies are fundamentally based on permeation.These technologies lack direct methods aimed at enhancing the diffusion rate of CBM,thereby failing to fully reflect the unique characteristics of CBM.Current CBM exploration and development theories and technologies are not universally applicable to all coal seams.They do not adequately account for the predominantly adsorbed state of CBM,and the complex and variable gas generation mechanisms further constrain CBM development in China.Finally,continuous exploration of new deep CBM exploration technologies is necessary.Integrating more effective reservoir stimulation technologies is essential to enhance technical adaptability concerning CBM reservoir characteristics,gas occurrence states,and gas generation mechanisms,ultimately achieving efficient CBM development.We conclude that while China possesses a substantial foundation of deep fractured CBM resources,industry development is constrained and requires continuous exploration of new CBM exploration and development technologies to utilize these resources effectively.
文摘This study investigates the critical intersection of cyberpsychology and cybersecurity policy development in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Through a mixed-methods approach incorporating surveys of 523 employees across 78 SMEs, qualitative interviews, and case studies, the research examines how psychological factors influence cybersecurity behaviors and policy effectiveness. Key findings reveal significant correlations between psychological factors and security outcomes, including the relationship between self-efficacy and policy compliance (r = 0.42, p β = 0.37, p < 0.001). The study identifies critical challenges in risk perception, policy complexity, and organizational culture affecting SME cybersecurity implementation. Results demonstrate that successful cybersecurity initiatives require the integration of psychological principles with technical solutions. The research provides a framework for developing human-centric security policies that address both behavioral and technical aspects of cybersecurity in resource-constrained environments.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2022A1515111141 and 2023A1515010786)。
文摘DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating gene expression during development.However,little is known about the influence of DNA methylation on secondary metabolism during leaf development in the tea plant(Camellia sinensis).In this study,we combined the methylome,transcriptome,and metabolome to investigate the dynamic changes in DNA methylation and its potential regulatory roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.In this study,the level of genomic DNA methylation increased as leaf development progressed from tender to old leaf.It additionally exhibited a similar distribution across the genomic background at the two distinct developmental stages studied.Notably,integrated analysis of transcriptomic and methylomic data showed that DNA hypermethylation primarily occurred in genes of the phenylpropanoid,flavonoid,and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.The effect of methylation on transcription of these secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes was dependent on the location of methylation(i.e.,in the promoter,gene or intergenic regions)and the sequence context(i.e.,CpG,CHG,or CHH).Changes in the content of catechins and terpenoids were consistent with the changes in gene transcription and the methylation state of structural genes,such as serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases 1A(SCPL1A),leucoanthocyanidin reductase(LAR),and nerolidol synthase(NES).Our study provides valuable information for dissecting the effects of DNA methylation on regulation of genes involved in secondary metabolism during tea leaf development.
