The deoiled asphalt as the carbon source and the ferrocene as the metal source and the catalyst precursor were chosen to synthesize iron-containing carbon microparticles through co-carbonization at the temperature of ...The deoiled asphalt as the carbon source and the ferrocene as the metal source and the catalyst precursor were chosen to synthesize iron-containing carbon microparticles through co-carbonization at the temperature of about 450℃ for 3 h. The resulting products were treated at 2 000 ℃ for 2 h. All samples were examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that the iron particles in the heat-treated material are completely coated by carbon. In addition to the fully filled carbon microparticles as well as hollow carbon ones, also form carbon fibers with hollow centers. The formation mechanism of the as-prepared products was discussed briefly.展开更多
The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids. Incorporation of ω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability, ...The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids. Incorporation of ω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability, suggesting more health beneficial phospholipids. This study aimed to optimize eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） incorporation into phospholipids structure by acidolysis reaction using free lipase （EC 3.1.1.3） from Rhizomucor miehei. Deoiled soy lecithin from anjasmoro variety was used as phospholipids source, while ω-3 fatty acid enriched oil was used as acyl source. Oil enriched with ω-3 fatty acids was obtained from low temperature solvent crystallization of lemuru （Sardinella longiceps） by-product. Response surface methodology （RSM） was used in this study to determine the relationship between the three factors （enzyme concentration, reaction time and substrate ratio） and their effects on EPA incorporation into soy lecithin structure. The results showed that the relation between EPA content with three factors （reaction time, enzyme concentration and substrate ratio） was quadratic. The significant factors were substrate ratio and reaction time. Optimum conditions at a ratio of 3.77：1 between ω-3 fatty acids enriched oil and soy lecithin, 30% lipase concentration, and 24.08 h reaction time, gave 22.81% of EPA content of structured phospholipids.展开更多
Three-dimensional simulation of a multiphase flow is performed using the EulerianEulerian finite volume method in order to evaluate the separation efficiency and velocity field of deoiling hydrocyclones.The solution i...Three-dimensional simulation of a multiphase flow is performed using the EulerianEulerian finite volume method in order to evaluate the separation efficiency and velocity field of deoiling hydrocyclones.The solution is developed using a mass conservation-based algorithm（MCBA） with collocated grid arrangement.The mixture approach of the Reynolds stress model is also employed in order to capture features of turbulent multiphase swirling flow.The velocity field and separation efficiency of two different configurations of deoiling hydrocyclones are compared with available experimental data.The comparison shows that the separation efficiency can be predicted with high accuracy using computational fluid dynamics.The velocity fields are also in good agreement with available experimental velocity measurements.Special attention is drawn to swirl intensity in deoiling hydrocyclones and it is shown that the differences in velocity and volume fraction fields of different configurations are related to swirl distribution.展开更多
基金National Basic Research Program of China (2004CB217808)National Natural Science Foundation of China (20471041, 90306014)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (20051018)Shanxi Research Fund for Returned Scholars (200428)
文摘The deoiled asphalt as the carbon source and the ferrocene as the metal source and the catalyst precursor were chosen to synthesize iron-containing carbon microparticles through co-carbonization at the temperature of about 450℃ for 3 h. The resulting products were treated at 2 000 ℃ for 2 h. All samples were examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that the iron particles in the heat-treated material are completely coated by carbon. In addition to the fully filled carbon microparticles as well as hollow carbon ones, also form carbon fibers with hollow centers. The formation mechanism of the as-prepared products was discussed briefly.
文摘The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids. Incorporation of ω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability, suggesting more health beneficial phospholipids. This study aimed to optimize eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） incorporation into phospholipids structure by acidolysis reaction using free lipase （EC 3.1.1.3） from Rhizomucor miehei. Deoiled soy lecithin from anjasmoro variety was used as phospholipids source, while ω-3 fatty acid enriched oil was used as acyl source. Oil enriched with ω-3 fatty acids was obtained from low temperature solvent crystallization of lemuru （Sardinella longiceps） by-product. Response surface methodology （RSM） was used in this study to determine the relationship between the three factors （enzyme concentration, reaction time and substrate ratio） and their effects on EPA incorporation into soy lecithin structure. The results showed that the relation between EPA content with three factors （reaction time, enzyme concentration and substrate ratio） was quadratic. The significant factors were substrate ratio and reaction time. Optimum conditions at a ratio of 3.77：1 between ω-3 fatty acids enriched oil and soy lecithin, 30% lipase concentration, and 24.08 h reaction time, gave 22.81% of EPA content of structured phospholipids.
文摘Three-dimensional simulation of a multiphase flow is performed using the EulerianEulerian finite volume method in order to evaluate the separation efficiency and velocity field of deoiling hydrocyclones.The solution is developed using a mass conservation-based algorithm（MCBA） with collocated grid arrangement.The mixture approach of the Reynolds stress model is also employed in order to capture features of turbulent multiphase swirling flow.The velocity field and separation efficiency of two different configurations of deoiling hydrocyclones are compared with available experimental data.The comparison shows that the separation efficiency can be predicted with high accuracy using computational fluid dynamics.The velocity fields are also in good agreement with available experimental velocity measurements.Special attention is drawn to swirl intensity in deoiling hydrocyclones and it is shown that the differences in velocity and volume fraction fields of different configurations are related to swirl distribution.
