Water content in output crude oil is hard to measure precisely because of wide range of dielectric coefficient of crude oil caused by injected dehydrating and demulsifying agents.The method to reduce measurement error...Water content in output crude oil is hard to measure precisely because of wide range of dielectric coefficient of crude oil caused by injected dehydrating and demulsifying agents.The method to reduce measurement error of water content in crude oil proposed in this paper is based on switching measuring ranges of on-line water content analyzer automatically.Measuring precision on data collected from oil field and analyzed by in-field operators can be impressively improved by using back propogation （BP） neural network to predict water content in output crude oil.Application results show that the difficulty in accurately measuring water-oil content ratio can be solved effectively through this combination of on-line measuring range automatic switching and real time prediction,as this method has been tested repeatedly on-site in oil fields with satisfactory prediction results.展开更多
The remediation of crude oil-impacted soil has always been a challenge in different soil environments and climatic conditions. Bioremediation technology has offered a breakthrough in restoring crude oil-impacted soil/...The remediation of crude oil-impacted soil has always been a challenge in different soil environments and climatic conditions. Bioremediation technology has offered a breakthrough in restoring crude oil-impacted soil/sediment in muddy, dry soil and wetlands. Though, there have been varied environmental conditions that have hampered the success of the bioremediation process. This study has evaluated the effectiveness of a biostimulated bioremediation of crude oil-impacted soil using some design criteria—nutrient amendment (NPK fertilizer) and moisture content. Soil sample sets—A, B, C, D, E, F, and G were impacted with crude oil at a ratio of 10 g/kg and amended with varying amounts of nutrient 30, 60, and 80 g of N.P.K fertilizer. The medium for the inoculation of the nutrient was water and the volume of water applied varied from 30% to 80% saturation. The soil sample sets were harvested at an interval of 3 months for 180 days to determine the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon left in the soil. The analysis of the total petroleum hydrocarbon was achieved using a GC-FID with a capillary column and autosampler. Soil samples were extracted with mixed solvent dichloromethane and acetone at a 1:1 ratio. The total petroleum hydrocarbon results show that biostimulated bioremediation achieved better results in soil sample sets with low moisture content (30% water saturation) and moderate nutrient amendment. The biodegradation of the sample sets with high water saturation and a high nutrient amendment was slow with a higher amount of total hydrocarbon content at the end of the 180 days. The variability in the hydrocarbon degradation pattern of contaminated soil shows that biostimulated bioremediation achieved better results in soils with low moisture content than in soil environments with high water content (saturation). More so, nutrient overdosing of the substrate hampered the effectiveness of the remediation process.展开更多
Wax deposits on the wall of a crude oil pipeline are a solid wax network of fine crystals, filled with oil, resin, asphaltene and other impurities. In this paper, a series of experiments on wax deposition in a laborat...Wax deposits on the wall of a crude oil pipeline are a solid wax network of fine crystals, filled with oil, resin, asphaltene and other impurities. In this paper, a series of experiments on wax deposition in a laboratory flow loop were performed under different conditions （flow rate, temperature differential between crude oil and pipeline wall, and dissolved wax concentration gradient）, and the wax deposits were analyzed, so quantitative relationships among wax content, wax appearance temperature （WAT）, shear stress, and radial concentration gradient of dissolved wax at the solid/liquid interface were obtained. Finally, a model was established to predict WAT and the wax content of the deposit.展开更多
It is worthy of studying the effect of water content in crude oil on tribological behavior of stator rubber,because the different water content would affect the swelling and wear of rubber.Compatibility of dewatered c...It is worthy of studying the effect of water content in crude oil on tribological behavior of stator rubber,because the different water content would affect the swelling and wear of rubber.Compatibility of dewatered crude oil and water was observed after mixture of dewatered crude oil and water(called oil-water mixture)was mechanical stirred and statically placed.Static etching experiment of samples in oil-water mixture was performed using hanging patch test.Wetting contact angle of oilwater mixture on rubber surface was measured by contact angle meter.Tribological behavior of samples in mixture was measured using a ring-on-block tester.The result shows that when the water content is less than 15%,water can blend with dewatered crude oil,and oil-water separation happens when water content was more than 15%.With the increasing of water content in crude oil,Wettability of mixture and swelling increment of samples decrease.The wear loss of sample increases after treated by swelling experiment,and FKM owns better wear resistance than NBR.展开更多
The evaluation of water content in crude oil is of significance to petroleum exploration and transportation.Terahertz(THz) waves are sensitive to fluctuations in the dipole moment of water.However,due to the strong ab...The evaluation of water content in crude oil is of significance to petroleum exploration and transportation.Terahertz(THz) waves are sensitive to fluctuations in the dipole moment of water.However,due to the strong absorption of water in the THz range,it is difficult for the THz spectrum to determine high water content with the common sampler.In this research,micron-grade samplers for THz detection were designed and manufactured using additive manufacturing(AM) technology.Oil-water mixtures with water content from 1.8%to 90.6%were measured with the THz-TDS system using sample cells.In addition,a detailed analysis was performed of the relationships among THz parameters such as signal peak,time delay,and refractive index as well as absorption coefficient and high water content(>60%).Results suggest that the combination of THz spectroscopy and AM technique is effective for water content evaluation in crude oil and can be further applied in the petroleum industry.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the Basic Research Fundation of Beijing Institute of Technology (200705422009)
文摘Water content in output crude oil is hard to measure precisely because of wide range of dielectric coefficient of crude oil caused by injected dehydrating and demulsifying agents.The method to reduce measurement error of water content in crude oil proposed in this paper is based on switching measuring ranges of on-line water content analyzer automatically.Measuring precision on data collected from oil field and analyzed by in-field operators can be impressively improved by using back propogation （BP） neural network to predict water content in output crude oil.Application results show that the difficulty in accurately measuring water-oil content ratio can be solved effectively through this combination of on-line measuring range automatic switching and real time prediction,as this method has been tested repeatedly on-site in oil fields with satisfactory prediction results.
文摘The remediation of crude oil-impacted soil has always been a challenge in different soil environments and climatic conditions. Bioremediation technology has offered a breakthrough in restoring crude oil-impacted soil/sediment in muddy, dry soil and wetlands. Though, there have been varied environmental conditions that have hampered the success of the bioremediation process. This study has evaluated the effectiveness of a biostimulated bioremediation of crude oil-impacted soil using some design criteria—nutrient amendment (NPK fertilizer) and moisture content. Soil sample sets—A, B, C, D, E, F, and G were impacted with crude oil at a ratio of 10 g/kg and amended with varying amounts of nutrient 30, 60, and 80 g of N.P.K fertilizer. The medium for the inoculation of the nutrient was water and the volume of water applied varied from 30% to 80% saturation. The soil sample sets were harvested at an interval of 3 months for 180 days to determine the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon left in the soil. The analysis of the total petroleum hydrocarbon was achieved using a GC-FID with a capillary column and autosampler. Soil samples were extracted with mixed solvent dichloromethane and acetone at a 1:1 ratio. The total petroleum hydrocarbon results show that biostimulated bioremediation achieved better results in soil sample sets with low moisture content (30% water saturation) and moderate nutrient amendment. The biodegradation of the sample sets with high water saturation and a high nutrient amendment was slow with a higher amount of total hydrocarbon content at the end of the 180 days. The variability in the hydrocarbon degradation pattern of contaminated soil shows that biostimulated bioremediation achieved better results in soils with low moisture content than in soil environments with high water content (saturation). More so, nutrient overdosing of the substrate hampered the effectiveness of the remediation process.
文摘Wax deposits on the wall of a crude oil pipeline are a solid wax network of fine crystals, filled with oil, resin, asphaltene and other impurities. In this paper, a series of experiments on wax deposition in a laboratory flow loop were performed under different conditions （flow rate, temperature differential between crude oil and pipeline wall, and dissolved wax concentration gradient）, and the wax deposits were analyzed, so quantitative relationships among wax content, wax appearance temperature （WAT）, shear stress, and radial concentration gradient of dissolved wax at the solid/liquid interface were obtained. Finally, a model was established to predict WAT and the wax content of the deposit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50878178)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2013020039)
文摘It is worthy of studying the effect of water content in crude oil on tribological behavior of stator rubber,because the different water content would affect the swelling and wear of rubber.Compatibility of dewatered crude oil and water was observed after mixture of dewatered crude oil and water(called oil-water mixture)was mechanical stirred and statically placed.Static etching experiment of samples in oil-water mixture was performed using hanging patch test.Wetting contact angle of oilwater mixture on rubber surface was measured by contact angle meter.Tribological behavior of samples in mixture was measured using a ring-on-block tester.The result shows that when the water content is less than 15%,water can blend with dewatered crude oil,and oil-water separation happens when water content was more than 15%.With the increasing of water content in crude oil,Wettability of mixture and swelling increment of samples decrease.The wear loss of sample increases after treated by swelling experiment,and FKM owns better wear resistance than NBR.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB744302)the Specially Funded Program on National Key Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development(Grant No.2012YQ140005)+1 种基金the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association Science and Technology Guidance Program(Grant No.2016-01-07)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11574401)
文摘The evaluation of water content in crude oil is of significance to petroleum exploration and transportation.Terahertz(THz) waves are sensitive to fluctuations in the dipole moment of water.However,due to the strong absorption of water in the THz range,it is difficult for the THz spectrum to determine high water content with the common sampler.In this research,micron-grade samplers for THz detection were designed and manufactured using additive manufacturing(AM) technology.Oil-water mixtures with water content from 1.8%to 90.6%were measured with the THz-TDS system using sample cells.In addition,a detailed analysis was performed of the relationships among THz parameters such as signal peak,time delay,and refractive index as well as absorption coefficient and high water content(>60%).Results suggest that the combination of THz spectroscopy and AM technique is effective for water content evaluation in crude oil and can be further applied in the petroleum industry.
文摘设计了油水界面动态检测系统.利用数控执行机构带动微波探头在原油储罐内作垂直匀速运动,通过对原油储罐含水率的动态检测,准确地反映出油水乳化带的状态和位置信息,测量出储罐内油水界面的位置,从而确定储罐内原油、水和乳化液层的位置和体积.采用400 MHz激励信号的微波探头,可实现0～100%原油含水率的动态测定,含水率测量误差≤±2%.在20 m范围内,油水界面的位置测量误差小于±10 mm.
