Wear-resistant cladding plates consisting of a substrate（Q345 R） and a clad layer（BTW1） were bonded through hot rolling at the temperature of 1 200 ℃ and a rolling speed of 0.5 m/s. The microhardness of the cladd...Wear-resistant cladding plates consisting of a substrate（Q345 R） and a clad layer（BTW1） were bonded through hot rolling at the temperature of 1 200 ℃ and a rolling speed of 0.5 m/s. The microhardness of the cladding plate was also tested after being heat treated. The microstructure evolution on the interface of BTW1/Q345 R sheets under various reduction rates was investigated with a scanning electron microscope（SEM） and EBSD. It is found that the micro-cracks and oxide films on the interface disappear when the reduction is 80%, whereas the maximum uniform diffusion distance reaches 10 μm. As a result, a wide range of metallurgical bonding layers forms, which indicates an improved combination between the BTW1 and the Q345 R. Additionally, it is discovered that the unbroken oxide films on the interface are composed of Mn, Si or Cr at the reductions of 50% and 65%. The SEM fractography of tensile specimen demonstrates that the BTW1 has significant dimple characteristics and possesses lower-sized dimples with the increment in reduction, suggesting that the toughness and bonding strength of the cladding plates would be improved by the increase of reduction. The results reveal that a high rolling reduction causes the interfacial oxide film broken and further forms a higher-sized composite metallurgical bonding interface. The peak microhardness is achieved near the interface.展开更多
It is difficult to effectively improve the low bonding strength of TA1/304 clad plates.This study proposes a new process for applying pulse current(1500 A,500 Hz,50%duty cycle)to TA1/304 clad plates during the rolling...It is difficult to effectively improve the low bonding strength of TA1/304 clad plates.This study proposes a new process for applying pulse current(1500 A,500 Hz,50%duty cycle)to TA1/304 clad plates during the rolling process,which changes the interface microstructure and effectively improves the bonding strength of the clad plates.The influence of the pulsed current on the interface microstructure and bonding strength was systematically studied.The results indicate that the clad plate is initially bonded at 750℃ and 35%reduction ratio under electrically-assisted rolling(EAR),and finally the higher bonding strength is obtained at 850℃ and 48%reduction ratio,reaching 395 MPa.The strengthening of the interface element diffusion and grain refinement under the action of the pulsed current are important reasons for the improvement in the bonding strength of the clad plate.This discovery provides new ideas for the preparation of clad plates with high bonding performance.展开更多
In this study,the cold-spraying process was utilized to deposit Al particles onto an Al slab,an Mg slab,and both Al and Mg slabs to form an ultra-thin interlayer,and then the clad slabs were rolled at 400℃,developing...In this study,the cold-spraying process was utilized to deposit Al particles onto an Al slab,an Mg slab,and both Al and Mg slabs to form an ultra-thin interlayer,and then the clad slabs were rolled at 400℃,developing three roll-bonding processes:the roll-bonding process with cold-sprayed Al powder on the Al slab(CS-Al),the roll-bonding process with cold-sprayed Al powder on the Mg slab(CS-Mg),and the rollbonding process with cold-sprayed Al powder on both the Al slab and the Mg slab(CS-Both).The effects of three different cold-sprayed Al particle interlayer processes on the mechanical properties of rolled Mg/Al clad plates were investigated to improve the mechanical properties.The microstructure,texture evolution,intermetallic compound formation,mechanical properties,and mechanisms involved in the Mg/Al clad plate rolling were systematically investigated.The results showed that the pre-bonding between the particles and the substrates through coldspraying had a significant impact on the bonding strength of the Mg/Al clad plates,and the CS-Both process can increase the average shear strength of the Mg/Al clad plates to 49.24 MPa at a medium reduction rate of 37.5%,2.5 times that of the conventional rolling process.The CS-Both process constructed more evident dual microscopic three-dimensional interfaces and promoted more thorough atomic diffusion at the interface through the double-sided cold-spraying process.Meanwhile,the dual cold-sprayed Al coatings on both the Mg slab and Al slab underwent dynamic recrystallization during rolling to form a homogeneous unit with no additional coating interfaces.Fine grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening were judged to be important mechanisms for improving the mechanical performance of the interfacial layer.展开更多
The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-steel explosive-rolling clad plate was elaborated by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffracti...The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-steel explosive-rolling clad plate was elaborated by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, micro-hardness test and shear test. The composites were subjected to heat treatment at temperature of 650-950 ~C for 60 min. The results show that the heat treatment process results in a great enhancement of diffusion and microstructural transformation. The shear strength decreases as the treatment temperature increases. Heated at 850 ℃ or below, their shear strength decreases slowly as a result of the formation of TiC in the diffusion interaction layer; while at the temperature of 850 ℃ or above, the shear strength decreases obviously, which is the consequence of a large amount of Ti-Fe intermetaUics （Fe2Ti/FeTi） along with some TiC distributing continuously at diffusion reaction layer.展开更多
The composite plate made by explosion welding technology generally has high residual stress and bed plasticity due to the explosion reinforcement. The heat treatment can play a part of eliminating stress and recoverin...The composite plate made by explosion welding technology generally has high residual stress and bed plasticity due to the explosion reinforcement. The heat treatment can play a part of eliminating stress and recovering property.In this study,TA1/Q345 clad plate made by explosive welding was annealed at different temperatures.The microstructure,micro-hardness,and tensile,shear,and bending properties were analyzed after anneal.The result shows that there is fibrous structure in the bonding zone and the plastic deformation is severe,the grain growth and fibrous structure dribbles away with the temperature increasing.Micro-hardness in the interface is bigger than it on the both sides. Tensile and shear strength reduced with the temperature of heat treatment increasing.The propel anneal temperature for TA1/Q345 clad plate is 600展开更多
The 3, 5, 20 layer clad plate from austenitic stainless steel, pure aluminum and aluminum alloy sheets were fabricated in different ways. The stretch and interface properties were measured. The result shows that 20 la...The 3, 5, 20 layer clad plate from austenitic stainless steel, pure aluminum and aluminum alloy sheets were fabricated in different ways. The stretch and interface properties were measured. The result shows that 20 layer clad plate is better than the others. Well-bonded clad plate was successfully obtained in the following procedure： Basic clad sheet from 18 layer Al1060/Al3003 sheets was firstly obtained with an initial rolling reduction of 44% at 450 ℃, followed by annealing at 300 ℃, and then with reduction of 50% at 550 ℃ from STS304 on each side. The best 20 layer clad plate was of 129 MPa bonding strength and 225 MPa stretch strength.展开更多
The checkered plate,also known as the floor/pattern plate ,has a raised pattern that provides excellent skid resistance for a wide range of applications. As one of most commonly used products, the carbon steel checker...The checkered plate,also known as the floor/pattern plate ,has a raised pattern that provides excellent skid resistance for a wide range of applications. As one of most commonly used products, the carbon steel checkered plate requires a high-cost coating for corrosion resistance. Although the austenitic stainless steel checkered plate meets corrosion resistance requirements ,it does not necessarily provide high overall performance due to its low yield strength, which means greater thickness and weight. Combining the advantages of stainless and carbon structural steel, Baosteel has developed a new roll-bonded clad checkered plate that exhibits high performance in skid resistance, strength, and corrosion resistance. Metallographic analysis shows the cladding interfaces to be very good, with stainless steel filling the whole pattern and a uniform microstructure in the different cladding layers. The yield strength and tensile strength of the product are 470 MPa and 610 MPa, respectively. In addition,the fracture morphology exhibits excellent interfacial bonding properties. We performed external and internal bend tests at room temperature, 180°, and 0.7a without the development of any cracks, which indicates its excellent formability.展开更多
To meet the demand of the domestic pressure vessel industry for roll-bonded clad steel plates, Baosteel has developed an S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, micr...To meet the demand of the domestic pressure vessel industry for roll-bonded clad steel plates, Baosteel has developed an S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are made to systematically evaluate the steel plate in the normalized and normalized ＋ stress relieved states. The results show the cladding interface of the S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength, the base metal has good properties, and the mechanical properties of the steel plate head and tail are uniform. The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.展开更多
To meet the demand of the pressure vessel industry, Baosteel has developed an S11306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are performe...To meet the demand of the pressure vessel industry, Baosteel has developed an S11306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are performed to systematically evaluate the steel plate in normalized state and normalized ＋ stress relieved state. The results show the cladding interface of the Sl1306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength, and the base metal has good mechanical properties. The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.展开更多
Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-st...Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-strength and high-toughness clad steel plate with a shear strength of over 310 MPa for the nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank. The properties of the quenched and tempered and the simulated post-weld heat treatment states are systematically studied herein through a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the composition,microstructure,and properties of the clad steel plate. The results show that the bonding interface has high shear strength and that the base metal has high strength and good toughness at low temperatures. Hence, the performance fully meets the technical requirements of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank in the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project. The roll-bonded clad steel plate can be used to manufacture the safety injection tank of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant.展开更多
In this paper,a brief introduction on clad-rolling heavy steel plates of 90 mm and 140 mm thick is presented.The steel plates were hot rolled by 265mm slabs that are cladded by double 135mm continuous casting slabs of...In this paper,a brief introduction on clad-rolling heavy steel plates of 90 mm and 140 mm thick is presented.The steel plates were hot rolled by 265mm slabs that are cladded by double 135mm continuous casting slabs of Q235 steel.After hot rolling,interface of the cladding slabs completely disappeared, revealing uniform grains similar to the rest of the materials.Ultrasonic tests were carried out on both steel plates,demonstrating excellent results.Through thickness tensile tests were also implemented on both steel plates,resulting in perfect mechanical properties complying with specific standards.The result proves that a minimum reduction rate of 1.89 is available in producing 140 mm thick steel plate with excellent through thickness properties.展开更多
Niobium (Nb)-clad stainless steels(SS) produced via roll bonding are being considered for use in the bipolar plates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) stacks. Because the roll bonding process induces sub...Niobium (Nb)-clad stainless steels(SS) produced via roll bonding are being considered for use in the bipolar plates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) stacks. Because the roll bonding process induces substantial work hardening in the constituent materials, thermal annealing is used to restore ductility to the clad sheet so that it can be subsequently blanked, stamped and dimpled in forming the final plate component. Two roll bonded materials, niobium clad 340L stainless steel (Nb/340L SS) and niobium clad 434 stainless steel (Nb/434 SS) were annealed under optimized conditions prescribed by the cladding manufacturer. Comparative mechanical testing conducted on each material before and after annealing shows significant improvement in ductility in both cases. However, corresponding microstructural analyses indicate an obvious difference between the two heat treated materials. During annealing, an interlayer with thick less than 1 μm forms between the constituent layers in the Nb/340L SS, whereas no interlayer is found in the annealed Nb/434 SS material. Prior work suggests that internal defects potentially can be generated in such an interlayer during metal forming operations. Thus, Nb/434 SS may be the preferred candidate material for this application.展开更多
In this study,the interface characteristics of a direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plate were analyzed, and the mechanism of interface cracking was explored. The detrimental effect from the formation of TiFe ,TiC...In this study,the interface characteristics of a direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plate were analyzed, and the mechanism of interface cracking was explored. The detrimental effect from the formation of TiFe ,TiC,and a Si-enriched layer on the bonding strength was clarified, and an industrial-scaled titanium-clad steel plate with shear strength over 200 MPa was produced with a carefully set schedule accordingly. It was found that hot rolling titanium-clad steel plates had a flat interface without obvious cracks. In the rolling process,both Ti and Fe atoms interdiflhsed,but Fe difthsed much faster than Ti. The Fe-diffused area consisted of three regions. After a high temperature heat treatment, the diffusion depth of Fe and Ti elements increased significantly and evident Si segregation and TiFe layers were identified. Thermal cracking initiated in the Si segregation layer and then propagated along the TiFe layer and Fe-diffused layer on the titanium side.展开更多
In the case of valuable cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates,billet surface treatment before rolling is a significant process that can affect the bonding efficiency and quality.While the current studies primarily focus on th...In the case of valuable cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates,billet surface treatment before rolling is a significant process that can affect the bonding efficiency and quality.While the current studies primarily focus on the influence of rolling parameters,insufficient attention has been paid to surface treatment.In this study,the effects of mechanical surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates were investigated.The results showed that different mechanical surface treatments have significant effects on the surface morphology,roughness,and residual stress.In addition,the effect of surface mechanical treatment on bonding quality was also observed to be critical.When the grinding direction was consistent with the rolling direction(RD),the bonding quality of the Cu/Al clad plates was significantly improved.After surface treatment along the RD for 20 s,the Cu/Al clad plates showed the highest shear strength(78 MPa),approximately four times as high as that of the unpolished samples.Simultaneously,the peel strength of this process was also significantly higher than that achieved via the other processes.Finally,on the basis of the surface morphology,roughness,and residual stress,the effect of surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of Cu/Al clad plates was analyzed.This study proposes a deeper understanding of the bonding behavior and bonding mechanism for cold rolled clad plates processed via mechanical surface treatment.展开更多
Types of bimetal clad plate, manufacturing methods, and their fields of application were summarized. In particular,key aspects of the welding of clad-rolled stainless steel were described, including the weldability of...Types of bimetal clad plate, manufacturing methods, and their fields of application were summarized. In particular,key aspects of the welding of clad-rolled stainless steel were described, including the weldability of the base and clad metals, design criteria for the transition layer, the selection of the type of welding process and consumables used, types of blanking and welding bevels, preparation and assembly prior to welding, welding procedure requirements, post-weld cleaning and heat treatment, and welding quality inspection. This paper will serve as a reference for the welding technology used in future consumer applications in related fields.展开更多
Duplex stainless steel clad plate exhibits good performance and is relatively inexpensive,however,some difficulties must be overcome when welding different materials. In this study,submerged arc welding（ SAW） was us...Duplex stainless steel clad plate exhibits good performance and is relatively inexpensive,however,some difficulties must be overcome when welding different materials. In this study,submerged arc welding（ SAW） was used to weld Baosteel ship clad plates（ 2205 ＋ DH36）,and the performance of the welded joints was tested. The results indicate that the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of the welded joints meet the required specifications. The distribution of the main anti-corrosive elements and the phase ratio of the welded joint are analyzed,thereby indicating excellent uniformity and confirming that the welded joint is corrosion resistant.展开更多
The effect of pH value and different kinds of anions on the corrosion behavior of Cu/Al casting-rolled clad plates in the alkaline solution was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive...The effect of pH value and different kinds of anions on the corrosion behavior of Cu/Al casting-rolled clad plates in the alkaline solution was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),weight loss analysis,3D confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)and electrochemical test.Results show the corrosion mainly occurs on the aluminum side.The corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al decreases as the pH value increases.When pH≥12,the dissolution of the film layer is faster than the passivation process.The addition of Cl^(-)ions reduces the corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al clad plates,which leads to pitting corrosion.The higher the concentration of Cl^(-)ions,the more prone the pitting to occur.The addition of SO_(4)^(2-)ions causes the denudation of the samples.The corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al is better in the alkaline solution containing NO_(3)^(-)ions than that in the solution containing Cl^(-)ions or SO_(4)^(2-)ions.When adding SO_(4)^(2-),NO^(3)^(-)and Cl^(-)to the pure alkaline solution,the corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al clad plates decreases.展开更多
The 2205 duplex stainless ＋ DH36 clad steel plate was welded by gas metal arc welding（GMAW）, and the welding performance of the clad steel plate was investigated. The results show that the adaptability of the weldi...The 2205 duplex stainless ＋ DH36 clad steel plate was welded by gas metal arc welding（GMAW）, and the welding performance of the clad steel plate was investigated. The results show that the adaptability of the welding procedure for the base metal of carbon steel, the transition layer, and the cladding material is excellent. The test results indicate that the phase proportion and component dilution of the GMAW-welded joints of clad steel plate can be effectively controlled to yield joints with good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U151013)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(Nos.201603D111004 and 201603D121010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of Chinathe Provincial Special Fund for Coordinative Innovation Center of Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Equipmen(No.20171003)
文摘Wear-resistant cladding plates consisting of a substrate（Q345 R） and a clad layer（BTW1） were bonded through hot rolling at the temperature of 1 200 ℃ and a rolling speed of 0.5 m/s. The microhardness of the cladding plate was also tested after being heat treated. The microstructure evolution on the interface of BTW1/Q345 R sheets under various reduction rates was investigated with a scanning electron microscope（SEM） and EBSD. It is found that the micro-cracks and oxide films on the interface disappear when the reduction is 80%, whereas the maximum uniform diffusion distance reaches 10 μm. As a result, a wide range of metallurgical bonding layers forms, which indicates an improved combination between the BTW1 and the Q345 R. Additionally, it is discovered that the unbroken oxide films on the interface are composed of Mn, Si or Cr at the reductions of 50% and 65%. The SEM fractography of tensile specimen demonstrates that the BTW1 has significant dimple characteristics and possesses lower-sized dimples with the increment in reduction, suggesting that the toughness and bonding strength of the cladding plates would be improved by the increase of reduction. The results reveal that a high rolling reduction causes the interfacial oxide film broken and further forms a higher-sized composite metallurgical bonding interface. The peak microhardness is achieved near the interface.
基金Supported by Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.202303021224002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23B2099)+2 种基金Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Teams(Grant No.202304051001025)the Central Special Fund for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(Grant No.YDZX20191400002149)the Xinjiang Institute of Intelligent Equipment(Grant No.XJYJY2024010).
文摘It is difficult to effectively improve the low bonding strength of TA1/304 clad plates.This study proposes a new process for applying pulse current(1500 A,500 Hz,50%duty cycle)to TA1/304 clad plates during the rolling process,which changes the interface microstructure and effectively improves the bonding strength of the clad plates.The influence of the pulsed current on the interface microstructure and bonding strength was systematically studied.The results indicate that the clad plate is initially bonded at 750℃ and 35%reduction ratio under electrically-assisted rolling(EAR),and finally the higher bonding strength is obtained at 850℃ and 48%reduction ratio,reaching 395 MPa.The strengthening of the interface element diffusion and grain refinement under the action of the pulsed current are important reasons for the improvement in the bonding strength of the clad plate.This discovery provides new ideas for the preparation of clad plates with high bonding performance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52305405,52075359)the Natural Science Foundation Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202203021222121)+1 种基金the Fund for Shanxi“1331Project”Key Innovative Research Teamthe Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M702544)。
文摘In this study,the cold-spraying process was utilized to deposit Al particles onto an Al slab,an Mg slab,and both Al and Mg slabs to form an ultra-thin interlayer,and then the clad slabs were rolled at 400℃,developing three roll-bonding processes:the roll-bonding process with cold-sprayed Al powder on the Al slab(CS-Al),the roll-bonding process with cold-sprayed Al powder on the Mg slab(CS-Mg),and the rollbonding process with cold-sprayed Al powder on both the Al slab and the Mg slab(CS-Both).The effects of three different cold-sprayed Al particle interlayer processes on the mechanical properties of rolled Mg/Al clad plates were investigated to improve the mechanical properties.The microstructure,texture evolution,intermetallic compound formation,mechanical properties,and mechanisms involved in the Mg/Al clad plate rolling were systematically investigated.The results showed that the pre-bonding between the particles and the substrates through coldspraying had a significant impact on the bonding strength of the Mg/Al clad plates,and the CS-Both process can increase the average shear strength of the Mg/Al clad plates to 49.24 MPa at a medium reduction rate of 37.5%,2.5 times that of the conventional rolling process.The CS-Both process constructed more evident dual microscopic three-dimensional interfaces and promoted more thorough atomic diffusion at the interface through the double-sided cold-spraying process.Meanwhile,the dual cold-sprayed Al coatings on both the Mg slab and Al slab underwent dynamic recrystallization during rolling to form a homogeneous unit with no additional coating interfaces.Fine grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening were judged to be important mechanisms for improving the mechanical performance of the interfacial layer.
文摘The effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-steel explosive-rolling clad plate was elaborated by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, micro-hardness test and shear test. The composites were subjected to heat treatment at temperature of 650-950 ~C for 60 min. The results show that the heat treatment process results in a great enhancement of diffusion and microstructural transformation. The shear strength decreases as the treatment temperature increases. Heated at 850 ℃ or below, their shear strength decreases slowly as a result of the formation of TiC in the diffusion interaction layer; while at the temperature of 850 ℃ or above, the shear strength decreases obviously, which is the consequence of a large amount of Ti-Fe intermetaUics （Fe2Ti/FeTi） along with some TiC distributing continuously at diffusion reaction layer.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51274162)Scientific Research Plan Project of Shaanxi Education Department(Grant No.14JK1539)Collaborative Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2015XT-39)
文摘The composite plate made by explosion welding technology generally has high residual stress and bed plasticity due to the explosion reinforcement. The heat treatment can play a part of eliminating stress and recovering property.In this study,TA1/Q345 clad plate made by explosive welding was annealed at different temperatures.The microstructure,micro-hardness,and tensile,shear,and bending properties were analyzed after anneal.The result shows that there is fibrous structure in the bonding zone and the plastic deformation is severe,the grain growth and fibrous structure dribbles away with the temperature increasing.Micro-hardness in the interface is bigger than it on the both sides. Tensile and shear strength reduced with the temperature of heat treatment increasing.The propel anneal temperature for TA1/Q345 clad plate is 600
文摘The 3, 5, 20 layer clad plate from austenitic stainless steel, pure aluminum and aluminum alloy sheets were fabricated in different ways. The stretch and interface properties were measured. The result shows that 20 layer clad plate is better than the others. Well-bonded clad plate was successfully obtained in the following procedure： Basic clad sheet from 18 layer Al1060/Al3003 sheets was firstly obtained with an initial rolling reduction of 44% at 450 ℃, followed by annealing at 300 ℃, and then with reduction of 50% at 550 ℃ from STS304 on each side. The best 20 layer clad plate was of 129 MPa bonding strength and 225 MPa stretch strength.
文摘The checkered plate,also known as the floor/pattern plate ,has a raised pattern that provides excellent skid resistance for a wide range of applications. As one of most commonly used products, the carbon steel checkered plate requires a high-cost coating for corrosion resistance. Although the austenitic stainless steel checkered plate meets corrosion resistance requirements ,it does not necessarily provide high overall performance due to its low yield strength, which means greater thickness and weight. Combining the advantages of stainless and carbon structural steel, Baosteel has developed a new roll-bonded clad checkered plate that exhibits high performance in skid resistance, strength, and corrosion resistance. Metallographic analysis shows the cladding interfaces to be very good, with stainless steel filling the whole pattern and a uniform microstructure in the different cladding layers. The yield strength and tensile strength of the product are 470 MPa and 610 MPa, respectively. In addition,the fracture morphology exhibits excellent interfacial bonding properties. We performed external and internal bend tests at room temperature, 180°, and 0.7a without the development of any cracks, which indicates its excellent formability.
文摘To meet the demand of the domestic pressure vessel industry for roll-bonded clad steel plates, Baosteel has developed an S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are made to systematically evaluate the steel plate in the normalized and normalized ＋ stress relieved states. The results show the cladding interface of the S30403 ＋ Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength, the base metal has good properties, and the mechanical properties of the steel plate head and tail are uniform. The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.
文摘To meet the demand of the pressure vessel industry, Baosteel has developed an S11306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate. Comprehensive inspections of the composition, microstructure, and properties are performed to systematically evaluate the steel plate in normalized state and normalized ＋ stress relieved state. The results show the cladding interface of the Sl1306 ＋ SA516Gr70 roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength, and the base metal has good mechanical properties. The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.
文摘Aiming to meet the demand of the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project on the CAP1400 nuclear power plant, Baosteel uses the roll-bonding technology and develops the SA-533 Type B CL. 1 ＋ SA-240 Type 304L high-strength and high-toughness clad steel plate with a shear strength of over 310 MPa for the nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank. The properties of the quenched and tempered and the simulated post-weld heat treatment states are systematically studied herein through a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the composition,microstructure,and properties of the clad steel plate. The results show that the bonding interface has high shear strength and that the base metal has high strength and good toughness at low temperatures. Hence, the performance fully meets the technical requirements of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant＇ s safety injection tank in the country＇ s nuclear demonstration project. The roll-bonded clad steel plate can be used to manufacture the safety injection tank of the CAP1400 nuclear power plant.
文摘In this paper,a brief introduction on clad-rolling heavy steel plates of 90 mm and 140 mm thick is presented.The steel plates were hot rolled by 265mm slabs that are cladded by double 135mm continuous casting slabs of Q235 steel.After hot rolling,interface of the cladding slabs completely disappeared, revealing uniform grains similar to the rest of the materials.Ultrasonic tests were carried out on both steel plates,demonstrating excellent results.Through thickness tensile tests were also implemented on both steel plates,resulting in perfect mechanical properties complying with specific standards.The result proves that a minimum reduction rate of 1.89 is available in producing 140 mm thick steel plate with excellent through thickness properties.
基金supported by 2008 research fund by TP,Ulsan,Korea
文摘Niobium (Nb)-clad stainless steels(SS) produced via roll bonding are being considered for use in the bipolar plates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) stacks. Because the roll bonding process induces substantial work hardening in the constituent materials, thermal annealing is used to restore ductility to the clad sheet so that it can be subsequently blanked, stamped and dimpled in forming the final plate component. Two roll bonded materials, niobium clad 340L stainless steel (Nb/340L SS) and niobium clad 434 stainless steel (Nb/434 SS) were annealed under optimized conditions prescribed by the cladding manufacturer. Comparative mechanical testing conducted on each material before and after annealing shows significant improvement in ductility in both cases. However, corresponding microstructural analyses indicate an obvious difference between the two heat treated materials. During annealing, an interlayer with thick less than 1 μm forms between the constituent layers in the Nb/340L SS, whereas no interlayer is found in the annealed Nb/434 SS material. Prior work suggests that internal defects potentially can be generated in such an interlayer during metal forming operations. Thus, Nb/434 SS may be the preferred candidate material for this application.
文摘In this study,the interface characteristics of a direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plate were analyzed, and the mechanism of interface cracking was explored. The detrimental effect from the formation of TiFe ,TiC,and a Si-enriched layer on the bonding strength was clarified, and an industrial-scaled titanium-clad steel plate with shear strength over 200 MPa was produced with a carefully set schedule accordingly. It was found that hot rolling titanium-clad steel plates had a flat interface without obvious cracks. In the rolling process,both Ti and Fe atoms interdiflhsed,but Fe difthsed much faster than Ti. The Fe-diffused area consisted of three regions. After a high temperature heat treatment, the diffusion depth of Fe and Ti elements increased significantly and evident Si segregation and TiFe layers were identified. Thermal cracking initiated in the Si segregation layer and then propagated along the TiFe layer and Fe-diffused layer on the titanium side.
基金Supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1710254)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51904205,51804215)+3 种基金Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Major Projects of China(Grant No.20181101008)Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.201801D221221)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M641681)Taiyuan Municipal Science and Technology Major Projects of China(Grant No.170203).
文摘In the case of valuable cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates,billet surface treatment before rolling is a significant process that can affect the bonding efficiency and quality.While the current studies primarily focus on the influence of rolling parameters,insufficient attention has been paid to surface treatment.In this study,the effects of mechanical surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates were investigated.The results showed that different mechanical surface treatments have significant effects on the surface morphology,roughness,and residual stress.In addition,the effect of surface mechanical treatment on bonding quality was also observed to be critical.When the grinding direction was consistent with the rolling direction(RD),the bonding quality of the Cu/Al clad plates was significantly improved.After surface treatment along the RD for 20 s,the Cu/Al clad plates showed the highest shear strength(78 MPa),approximately four times as high as that of the unpolished samples.Simultaneously,the peel strength of this process was also significantly higher than that achieved via the other processes.Finally,on the basis of the surface morphology,roughness,and residual stress,the effect of surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of Cu/Al clad plates was analyzed.This study proposes a deeper understanding of the bonding behavior and bonding mechanism for cold rolled clad plates processed via mechanical surface treatment.
文摘Types of bimetal clad plate, manufacturing methods, and their fields of application were summarized. In particular,key aspects of the welding of clad-rolled stainless steel were described, including the weldability of the base and clad metals, design criteria for the transition layer, the selection of the type of welding process and consumables used, types of blanking and welding bevels, preparation and assembly prior to welding, welding procedure requirements, post-weld cleaning and heat treatment, and welding quality inspection. This paper will serve as a reference for the welding technology used in future consumer applications in related fields.
文摘Duplex stainless steel clad plate exhibits good performance and is relatively inexpensive,however,some difficulties must be overcome when welding different materials. In this study,submerged arc welding（ SAW） was used to weld Baosteel ship clad plates（ 2205 ＋ DH36）,and the performance of the welded joints was tested. The results indicate that the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of the welded joints meet the required specifications. The distribution of the main anti-corrosive elements and the phase ratio of the welded joint are analyzed,thereby indicating excellent uniformity and confirming that the welded joint is corrosion resistant.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001216)。
文摘The effect of pH value and different kinds of anions on the corrosion behavior of Cu/Al casting-rolled clad plates in the alkaline solution was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),weight loss analysis,3D confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)and electrochemical test.Results show the corrosion mainly occurs on the aluminum side.The corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al decreases as the pH value increases.When pH≥12,the dissolution of the film layer is faster than the passivation process.The addition of Cl^(-)ions reduces the corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al clad plates,which leads to pitting corrosion.The higher the concentration of Cl^(-)ions,the more prone the pitting to occur.The addition of SO_(4)^(2-)ions causes the denudation of the samples.The corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al is better in the alkaline solution containing NO_(3)^(-)ions than that in the solution containing Cl^(-)ions or SO_(4)^(2-)ions.When adding SO_(4)^(2-),NO^(3)^(-)and Cl^(-)to the pure alkaline solution,the corrosion resistance of the Cu/Al clad plates decreases.
文摘The 2205 duplex stainless ＋ DH36 clad steel plate was welded by gas metal arc welding（GMAW）, and the welding performance of the clad steel plate was investigated. The results show that the adaptability of the welding procedure for the base metal of carbon steel, the transition layer, and the cladding material is excellent. The test results indicate that the phase proportion and component dilution of the GMAW-welded joints of clad steel plate can be effectively controlled to yield joints with good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
