【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference fo...【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference for the manufacture and application of both microbial agents and Si fertilizer in food lily production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted over a three-year period,from March 2019 to March 2022.The experimental field had been continuously cultivated with lily for 9 years.Three treatments were established:silicon fertilizer(SF),microbial agents(“Special 8^(TM)”,MF),and combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents(SMF).A control group with blank soil(CK)was also included.At seedling stage of Lanzhou lilies in 2020 and 2021,the shoot and bulb dry weight,and the plant height and stem diameter of Lanzhou lilies were investigated for calculation of seedling index.In July 2020,20 plants were selected in each plot,and root zone soils were sampled at a depth of 20 cm,10 cm away from the roots,and then mixed to form a composite sample.The soil available Si and organic matter content were analyzed,and the fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in soils were determined with high-throughput sequencing of ITS.【Results】All the three treatments significantly enhanced the lily plant growth and the seedling index,compared to CK.Besides,SF and MF treatments increased the relative abundances(RA)and diversity of fungal communities,and altered the community structures.The RA of some specific groups were found to be significantly correlated with the seedling index and/or soil available Si.Of them,the RA of the genera Fusarium,Dactylonectria,Humicola,Stilbella,and the species Humicola_grisea showed a positive correlation,while that of the genera Mortierella,Stilbella,Holtermanniella,and the species Mortierella_fatshederae showed a negative correlation with seedling index.The genera Fusarium,Stilbella,the species Humicola_grisea,and Dactylonectria_estremocensis showed a positive correlation,while the genura Stilbella,and the species Mortierella fatshederae showed a negative correlation with available Si content.In the co-occurence network of top twenty fungal genera and top sixteen bacterial genera(RA>0.2%),Holtermanniella was the only genus that interacted with the bacteria and negatively correlated with bacterial genus Blastococcus.Holtermanniella was also the most densely connected genera,followed by the genus Fusarium,Didymella and Humicola.In addition,the genus Holtermanniella was the key species connecting fungal and bacterial community in soil.Fungal functional prediction revealed that SF,MF and SMF treatments decreased plant pathogens guilds and increased the beneficial guilds Ectomycorrhizal,plant saprophyte,leaf saprophyte,and arbuscular mycorrhizal compared to CK.【Conclusions】Combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents can alleviate continuous replanting problems of Lanzhou lilies through restoring the fungal community diversity,and promoting plant residue depredation,thus reducing soil born disease incidence.The beneficial genus Humicola and its one species H.grisea acts as bioconversion,and the genus Acremonium acts as plant pathogen inhibitor.展开更多
Nanolipid carriers and traditional emulsion containing chemical sunscreens were prepared using emulsification combined with ultrasonic technology.The nanolipid carriers showed superior performance in sunscreen encapsu...Nanolipid carriers and traditional emulsion containing chemical sunscreens were prepared using emulsification combined with ultrasonic technology.The nanolipid carriers showed superior performance in sunscreen encapsulation,slow release and skin impermeability,and provided an excellent nanolipid slow-release encapsulation system for sunscreens.As observed by transmission electron microscopy,the nanolipid carriers were spherical shape,with smooth surface and uniform distribution,and the particle sizes were mainly concentrated in the range of 230 to 250 nm without agglomeration.The nanolipid carriers significantly improved the sunscreen performance through the synergistic effect of scattering and chemical absorption,and showed better UV stability than traditional sunscreen,indicating their photoprotective function.In vitro release experiments showed that the nano-lipidic carriers exhibited better release control when loaded with octyl methoxycinnamate(OMC)and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane(BDFM)sunscreens than traditional traditional emulsions,with the cumulative release rate of OMC in the nano-lipidic carriers decreasing by 17.17% to 30.24% within 12 hours,and that of BDFM decreasing by 26.67% to 44.67%.26.67% to 44.16%.The results of the in vitro permeation experiment further confirmed that the nanolipid carriers could effectively encapsulate the sunscreens and prevent them from penetrating the skin barrier,thus reducing the skin irritation.Compared with traditional traditional emulsion,the cumulative penetration of OMC in nanostructured lipid carriers was 2.24μg/cm^(2)in 4 hours,while the cumulative penetration was reduced by 68.05%.The cumulative penetration of BDFM in the nanostructured lipid carrier was 3.24μg/cm^(2),with a 64.04%reduction in cumulative penetration.展开更多
For the purpose of satisfying high demands for taste,color,flavor,and storage of meat products,water retention agents(WRAs)play an important role.Phosphate has been widely used as an attractive functional material for...For the purpose of satisfying high demands for taste,color,flavor,and storage of meat products,water retention agents(WRAs)play an important role.Phosphate has been widely used as an attractive functional material for water retention in current practical applications.However,excessive phosphate addition and longterm consumption may be harmful impacts on health and the environment.Therefore,it is vital to develop safe and efficient phosphate-free WRAs for further improving water-holding capacity(WHC)efficacy and edible safety,especially in meat products.In particular,sugar water retention agents(SWRAs)are increasingly popular because of their perfect safety,excellent WHC,and superior biological properties.This review discusses the inducements and mechanisms underlying water loss in meat products.In addition,we focused on the research progresses and related mechanisms of SWRAs in the WHC of meat products and its unique biological functions,as well as the extraction technology.Finally,the future application and development of SWRA were prospected.展开更多
This study aims to build a value assessment framework applicable to Chinese health-care institutions for antineoplastic agents in the context of diagnosis related group(DRG).This study constructed the value assessment...This study aims to build a value assessment framework applicable to Chinese health-care institutions for antineoplastic agents in the context of diagnosis related group(DRG).This study constructed the value assessment framework through literature research,Delphi expert consultation method,and analytic hierarchy process(AHP).This study used internal consistency reliability to test the reliability of the constructed framework.Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and validation factor analysis were used for the validity test.Then,the level stratification of the indicators was set based on the literature data,and the value function of each indicator was constructed using the measuring attractiveness by a categorical based assessment technique method to construct a quantitative value assessment model.This study established a value assessment framework of 7 dimensions and 26 indicators.Reliability and validity analyses of these indicators made 4 indicators excluded.Then,the value functions were constructed for 17 indicators,establishing a quantitative value assessment model.This study constructed an antineoplastic drugs evaluation framework in the context of DRG with good validity and reliability and the corresponding quantitative value assessment model.展开更多
Conventional echocardiography can sometimes pose a challenge to diagnosis due to sub-optimal images.Ultrasound contrast agents(UCAs)have been shown to drastically enhance imaging quality,particularly depicting the lef...Conventional echocardiography can sometimes pose a challenge to diagnosis due to sub-optimal images.Ultrasound contrast agents(UCAs)have been shown to drastically enhance imaging quality,particularly depicting the left ventricular endocardial borders.Their use during echocardiography has become a valuable tool in non-invasive diagnostics.UCAs provide higher-quality images that may ultimately reduce the length of hospital stays and improve patient care.The higher cost associated with UCAs in many situations has been an impediment to frequent use.However,when used as an initial diagnostic test,UCA during rest echocardiogram is more cost-effective than the traditional diagnostic approach,which frequently includes multiple tests and imaging studies to make an accurate diagnosis.They can be easily performed across multiple patient settings and provide optimal images that allow clinicians to make sound medical decisions.This consequently allows for better diagnostic accuracies and improvement in patient care.展开更多
General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells.Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath for...General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells.Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity regulation.They are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.Neurologists are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.These agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function.In this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.We anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.展开更多
Neuroscientists have recognized the importance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial transmitters.Few studies,however,have focused on the effects of general anes...Neuroscientists have recognized the importance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial transmitters.Few studies,however,have focused on the effects of general anesthetic agents on neuroglia or astrocytes.Astrocytes can also be an important target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative,analgesic,and amnesic effects but also mediate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Here,we analyzed recent advances in understanding the mechanism of general anesthetic agents on astrocytes,and found that exposure to general anesthetic agents will destroy the morphology and proliferation of astrocytes,in addition to acting on the receptors on their surface,which not only affect Ca^(2+)signaling,inhibit the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate from astrocytes,but are even involved in the regulation of the pro-and anti-inflammatory processes of astrocytes.These would obviously affect the communication between astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and neighboring neurons,other neuroglia,and vascular cells.In this review,we summarize how general anesthetic agents act on neurons via astrocytes,and explore potential mechanisms of action of general anesthetic agents on the nervous system.We hope that this review will provide a new direction for mitigating the neurotoxicity of general anesthetic agents.展开更多
Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pinea...Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.展开更多
This study examined the mechanisms for improving the adhesion performance of the asphalt-aggregate interface with two anti-stripping agents and two coupling agents.The investigation of contact behavior between various...This study examined the mechanisms for improving the adhesion performance of the asphalt-aggregate interface with two anti-stripping agents and two coupling agents.The investigation of contact behavior between various asphalt-aggregate surfaces was conducted using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The interaction energy and the relative concentration distribution were employed as the parameters to analyze the enhancement mechanisms of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents on the asphalt-aggregate interface.Results indicated that the adhesion at the asphalt-aggregate interface could be strengthened by both anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.Anti-stripping agents primarily improve adhesion through the reinforcement of electrostatic attraction,while coupling agents primarily upgrade adhesion by strengthening the van der Waals.Hence,the molecular dynamics modeling and calculation techniques presented in this study can be utilized to elucidate the development mechanism of the asphalt-aggregate interface through the use of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.展开更多
One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing prom...One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.展开更多
Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical...Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical interventions, its moderate investment and operating costs and its portability. Although the technology is now mature, there is currently the problem of the availability of contrast agents to be injected IV. The aim of this methodology article is to propose an alternative solution to the need for contrast agents for clinical research, particularly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a fluorescent marker in the form of an NHS derivative, such as IR DYE manufactured in compliance with GMP, with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies having marketing authorization for molecular imaging. For a given antibody, the marking procedure must be the subject of a validation file on the final preparation filtered on a sterilizing membrane at 0.22 μm. Once the procedure has been validated, it would be unnecessary to repeat the tests before each clinical research examination. A check of the marking by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and place it in a sample bank at +4˚C for 1 month of each injected formulation would be sufficient for additional tests if necessary. Conclusion: Molecular near-infrared fluorescence imaging is experiencing development, the process of which could be accelerated by greater availability of clinical contrast agents. Alternative solutions are therefore necessary to promote clinical research in this area. These methods must be shared to make it easier for researchers.展开更多
This review compiles information from the literature on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and molecular mechanisms of earthworm extract(EE)and suggests possibilities for clinical translation of EE.We al...This review compiles information from the literature on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and molecular mechanisms of earthworm extract(EE)and suggests possibilities for clinical translation of EE.We also consider future trends and concerns in this domain.We summarize the bioactive components of EE,including G-90,lysenin,lumbrokinase,antimicrobial peptides,earthworm serine protease(ESP),and polyphenols,and detail the antitumor,antithrombotic,antiviral,antibacterial,anti-i nflammatory,analgesic,antioxidant,wound-healing,antifibrotic,and hypoglycemic activities and mechanisms of action of EE based on existing in vitro and in vivo studies.We further propose the potential of EE for clinical translation in anticancer and lipid-modifying therapies,and its promise as source of a novel agent for wound healing and resistance to antibiotic tolerance.The earthworm enzyme lumbrokinase embodies highly effective anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties and has the advantage of not causing bleeding phenomena due to hyperfibrinolysis.Its antifibrotic properties can reduce the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix.The glycolipoprotein extract G-90 can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen groups and protect cellular tissues from oxidative damage.Earthworms have evolved a well-developed defense mechanism to fight against microbial infections,and the bioactive agents in EE have shown good antibacterial,fungal,and viral properties in in vitro and in vivo experiments and can alleviate inflammatory responses caused by infections,effectively reducing pain.Recent studies have also highlighted the role of EE in lowering blood glucose.EE shows high medicinal value and is expected to be a source of many bioactive compounds.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa L.)paddies are increasingly threatened by cadmium(Cd)pollution,and potentially serve as CH_(4)emitters to the atmosphere.Remediation agents widely mitigate Cd pollution in paddy soil,however,we know ...Rice(Oryza sativa L.)paddies are increasingly threatened by cadmium(Cd)pollution,and potentially serve as CH_(4)emitters to the atmosphere.Remediation agents widely mitigate Cd pollution in paddy soil,however,we know little about their regulations on CH_(4)emission.Here,via adding biochar(B),sulfhydryl-modified palygorskite(SMP),and selenium foliar fertilizer(SFF),we conducted a pot experiment to investigate soil and rice Cd contents together with in-situ CH_(4)f luxes.Compared to CK,the addition of SMP,SFF,and B-SMP reduced Cd in brown rice by 25%to 50%,25%,and 50%to 75%,respectively.Agents 7%B,7%B-0.01%SMP,and SFF reduced CH_(4)emissions by 8.46%,5.30%,and 4.11%,respectively.CH_(4)emission increased gradually along the growing season,with the cumulative CH_(4)fluxes ranging between 338.82 and 619.13 kg hm^(-2).Our results highlight that mixed 7%B-0.01%SMP and SFF showed collaborative eff ects on Cd remediation and CH_(4)emission.This study reveals the feasibility of reducing Cd pollution and CH_(4)emission in karst rice paddies,which hopes to supplement the knowledge of collaborative controls on soil remediation and carbon emission.展开更多
Background Physical entity interactions in mixed reality(MR)environments aim to harness human capabilities in manipulating physical objects,thereby enhancing virtual environment(VEs)functionality.In MR,a common strate...Background Physical entity interactions in mixed reality(MR)environments aim to harness human capabilities in manipulating physical objects,thereby enhancing virtual environment(VEs)functionality.In MR,a common strategy is to use virtual agents as substitutes for physical entities,balancing interaction efficiency with environmental immersion.However,the impact of virtual agent size and form on interaction performance remains unclear.Methods Two experiments were conducted to explore how virtual agent size and form affect interaction performance,immersion,and preference in MR environments.The first experiment assessed five virtual agent sizes(25%,50%,75%,100%,and 125%of physical size).The second experiment tested four types of frames(no frame,consistent frame,half frame,and surrounding frame)across all agent sizes.Participants,utilizing a head mounted display,performed tasks involving moving cups,typing words,and using a mouse.They completed questionnaires assessing aspects such as the virtual environment effects,interaction effects,collision concerns,and preferences.Results Results from the first experiment revealed that agents matching physical object size produced the best overall performance.The second experiment demonstrated that consistent framing notably enhances interaction accuracy and speed but reduces immersion.To balance efficiency and immersion,frameless agents matching physical object sizes were deemed optimal.Conclusions Virtual agents matching physical entity sizes enhance user experience and interaction performance.Conversely,familiar frames from 2D interfaces detrimentally affect interaction and immersion in virtual spaces.This study provides valuable insights for the future development of MR systems.展开更多
Foreign tourists'trips to China recently reached a new height,both online and offline.Travel agents around the world also made trips to China,generating more thoughts for the development of new routes and the desi...Foreign tourists'trips to China recently reached a new height,both online and offline.Travel agents around the world also made trips to China,generating more thoughts for the development of new routes and the design of innovative tourist products,and contributing to the development of China's inbound tourism.展开更多
Previous studies done elsewhere have shown that Eucalyptus poles treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) can last over 30 years. Kenya is exceptional because in some eco-regions, the Eucalyptus poles’ life span ...Previous studies done elsewhere have shown that Eucalyptus poles treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) can last over 30 years. Kenya is exceptional because in some eco-regions, the Eucalyptus poles’ life span has greatly reduced to 5 years. The current study was designed to evaluate wood deteriorating agents of CCA-treated Eucalyptus poles and variability in four eco-regions of Kenya, namely, dryland, coastal, highland and humid lake. A total of 360 Eucalyptus pole samples were used for this experiment. Three CCA treatments were used to treat transmission poles at 20 kg/cm3 fencing posts samples at 6 kg/cm3, and a control group. Results indicated that termites and wood-decay fungi attacks caused wood deterioration in the four eco-regions. The proportion of power transmission pole degradation by wood deteriorating agents varied across eco-regions, between treatments and control and between time after treatments. Dryland eco-regions had the highest termite-related degradation (41.82%) while wood-decay fungi attack was highest in the highland eco-regions (9.20%). Samples treated with 6 kg/cm3 recorded the lowest level of wood deterioration, manifested by minimal superficial termite and wood-decay fungi attack. Samples treated with 20 kg/cm3 were characterized by moderate termite and wood-decay fungi attacks observed around the heartwood region, unlike sapwood. This study concluded that the deterioration of Eucalyptus CCA-treated poles is a question of climatic variability and hence, to increase the poles’ lifespan, CCA treatment should be tailored according to the characteristics of the ecoregion of use. Further investigations will inform the diversity of termites and decay-fungi across different eco-regions.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of different doses of water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,yield and quality of soybean plants subjected to drought stress.[Methods]The effect...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of different doses of water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,yield and quality of soybean plants subjected to drought stress.[Methods]The effects of drought stress(MDS)and drought stress with low(MDS-L),medium(MDS-M)and high doses(MDS-H)of the water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,root activity,MDA content,antioxidant enzyme activity,yield and quality of soybean were studied by field plot test,with the normal water supply serving as the control(CK).[Results]In response to drought stress,the plant height,stem diameter,and yield of soybean exhibited a notable decline.Additionally,the contents of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a significant reduction.Conversely,the root activity and antioxidant enzyme activity exhibited a noticeable decline,while the MDA content exhibited an increase.The application of varying doses of the water-retaining agent was found to significantly enhance soybean growth,stimulate root activity,and elevate antioxidant enzyme activity,while concurrently reducing MDA content.The observed effects were found to be dose-dependent,with the greatest effects observed at the highest dose.In comparison to MDS,the yields of soybean in the MDS-L,MDS-M,and MDS-H treatments exhibited a 18.38%,25.58%,and 46.26%increase,respectively.Additionally,the content of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a notable enhancement.[Conclusions]The application of the water-retaining agent has been demonstrated to significantly promote the growth of soybean plants under conditions of drought stress,resulting in an improvement in both the yield and the quality of the soybean crop.The recommended dosage of the water-retaining agent is 3.3 kg/667 m 2.展开更多
Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of ...Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of the agents’ positions relative to the leader wolves. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the Grey Wolf Optimization technique and its significance in solving complex optimization problems. Building upon the foundation of GWO, we introduce a novel technique for updating agents’ positions, which aims to enhance the algorithm’s effectiveness and efficiency. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we conduct comprehensive experiments and compare the results with the original Grey Wolf Optimization technique. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed technique achieves superior optimization outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of our approach in addressing optimization challenges effectively and efficiently, making it a valuable contribution to the field of optimization algorithms.展开更多
基金Key Research project of Gansu Province of China(22YF7NA108)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860549)+1 种基金Industry Supporting Project from Education Department of Gansu Province(2023CYZC-49)Major Science and Technology project of Gansu province(24ZDNA006)。
文摘【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference for the manufacture and application of both microbial agents and Si fertilizer in food lily production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted over a three-year period,from March 2019 to March 2022.The experimental field had been continuously cultivated with lily for 9 years.Three treatments were established:silicon fertilizer(SF),microbial agents(“Special 8^(TM)”,MF),and combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents(SMF).A control group with blank soil(CK)was also included.At seedling stage of Lanzhou lilies in 2020 and 2021,the shoot and bulb dry weight,and the plant height and stem diameter of Lanzhou lilies were investigated for calculation of seedling index.In July 2020,20 plants were selected in each plot,and root zone soils were sampled at a depth of 20 cm,10 cm away from the roots,and then mixed to form a composite sample.The soil available Si and organic matter content were analyzed,and the fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in soils were determined with high-throughput sequencing of ITS.【Results】All the three treatments significantly enhanced the lily plant growth and the seedling index,compared to CK.Besides,SF and MF treatments increased the relative abundances(RA)and diversity of fungal communities,and altered the community structures.The RA of some specific groups were found to be significantly correlated with the seedling index and/or soil available Si.Of them,the RA of the genera Fusarium,Dactylonectria,Humicola,Stilbella,and the species Humicola_grisea showed a positive correlation,while that of the genera Mortierella,Stilbella,Holtermanniella,and the species Mortierella_fatshederae showed a negative correlation with seedling index.The genera Fusarium,Stilbella,the species Humicola_grisea,and Dactylonectria_estremocensis showed a positive correlation,while the genura Stilbella,and the species Mortierella fatshederae showed a negative correlation with available Si content.In the co-occurence network of top twenty fungal genera and top sixteen bacterial genera(RA>0.2%),Holtermanniella was the only genus that interacted with the bacteria and negatively correlated with bacterial genus Blastococcus.Holtermanniella was also the most densely connected genera,followed by the genus Fusarium,Didymella and Humicola.In addition,the genus Holtermanniella was the key species connecting fungal and bacterial community in soil.Fungal functional prediction revealed that SF,MF and SMF treatments decreased plant pathogens guilds and increased the beneficial guilds Ectomycorrhizal,plant saprophyte,leaf saprophyte,and arbuscular mycorrhizal compared to CK.【Conclusions】Combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents can alleviate continuous replanting problems of Lanzhou lilies through restoring the fungal community diversity,and promoting plant residue depredation,thus reducing soil born disease incidence.The beneficial genus Humicola and its one species H.grisea acts as bioconversion,and the genus Acremonium acts as plant pathogen inhibitor.
文摘Nanolipid carriers and traditional emulsion containing chemical sunscreens were prepared using emulsification combined with ultrasonic technology.The nanolipid carriers showed superior performance in sunscreen encapsulation,slow release and skin impermeability,and provided an excellent nanolipid slow-release encapsulation system for sunscreens.As observed by transmission electron microscopy,the nanolipid carriers were spherical shape,with smooth surface and uniform distribution,and the particle sizes were mainly concentrated in the range of 230 to 250 nm without agglomeration.The nanolipid carriers significantly improved the sunscreen performance through the synergistic effect of scattering and chemical absorption,and showed better UV stability than traditional sunscreen,indicating their photoprotective function.In vitro release experiments showed that the nano-lipidic carriers exhibited better release control when loaded with octyl methoxycinnamate(OMC)and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane(BDFM)sunscreens than traditional traditional emulsions,with the cumulative release rate of OMC in the nano-lipidic carriers decreasing by 17.17% to 30.24% within 12 hours,and that of BDFM decreasing by 26.67% to 44.67%.26.67% to 44.16%.The results of the in vitro permeation experiment further confirmed that the nanolipid carriers could effectively encapsulate the sunscreens and prevent them from penetrating the skin barrier,thus reducing the skin irritation.Compared with traditional traditional emulsion,the cumulative penetration of OMC in nanostructured lipid carriers was 2.24μg/cm^(2)in 4 hours,while the cumulative penetration was reduced by 68.05%.The cumulative penetration of BDFM in the nanostructured lipid carrier was 3.24μg/cm^(2),with a 64.04%reduction in cumulative penetration.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51901160)。
文摘For the purpose of satisfying high demands for taste,color,flavor,and storage of meat products,water retention agents(WRAs)play an important role.Phosphate has been widely used as an attractive functional material for water retention in current practical applications.However,excessive phosphate addition and longterm consumption may be harmful impacts on health and the environment.Therefore,it is vital to develop safe and efficient phosphate-free WRAs for further improving water-holding capacity(WHC)efficacy and edible safety,especially in meat products.In particular,sugar water retention agents(SWRAs)are increasingly popular because of their perfect safety,excellent WHC,and superior biological properties.This review discusses the inducements and mechanisms underlying water loss in meat products.In addition,we focused on the research progresses and related mechanisms of SWRAs in the WHC of meat products and its unique biological functions,as well as the extraction technology.Finally,the future application and development of SWRA were prospected.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71804025)the Development Center for Medical Science&Technology,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China(Grant No:WKZX2023CX210005).
文摘This study aims to build a value assessment framework applicable to Chinese health-care institutions for antineoplastic agents in the context of diagnosis related group(DRG).This study constructed the value assessment framework through literature research,Delphi expert consultation method,and analytic hierarchy process(AHP).This study used internal consistency reliability to test the reliability of the constructed framework.Exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and validation factor analysis were used for the validity test.Then,the level stratification of the indicators was set based on the literature data,and the value function of each indicator was constructed using the measuring attractiveness by a categorical based assessment technique method to construct a quantitative value assessment model.This study established a value assessment framework of 7 dimensions and 26 indicators.Reliability and validity analyses of these indicators made 4 indicators excluded.Then,the value functions were constructed for 17 indicators,establishing a quantitative value assessment model.This study constructed an antineoplastic drugs evaluation framework in the context of DRG with good validity and reliability and the corresponding quantitative value assessment model.
文摘Conventional echocardiography can sometimes pose a challenge to diagnosis due to sub-optimal images.Ultrasound contrast agents(UCAs)have been shown to drastically enhance imaging quality,particularly depicting the left ventricular endocardial borders.Their use during echocardiography has become a valuable tool in non-invasive diagnostics.UCAs provide higher-quality images that may ultimately reduce the length of hospital stays and improve patient care.The higher cost associated with UCAs in many situations has been an impediment to frequent use.However,when used as an initial diagnostic test,UCA during rest echocardiogram is more cost-effective than the traditional diagnostic approach,which frequently includes multiple tests and imaging studies to make an accurate diagnosis.They can be easily performed across multiple patient settings and provide optimal images that allow clinicians to make sound medical decisions.This consequently allows for better diagnostic accuracies and improvement in patient care.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ22H090002,2014C33170)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171260,81641042,81471240)。
文摘General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells.Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity regulation.They are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis.Neurologists are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.These agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function.In this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes.We anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171260,81641042,81471240the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Nos.LZ22H090002 and 2014C33170(all to ZH)。
文摘Neuroscientists have recognized the importance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial transmitters.Few studies,however,have focused on the effects of general anesthetic agents on neuroglia or astrocytes.Astrocytes can also be an important target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative,analgesic,and amnesic effects but also mediate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Here,we analyzed recent advances in understanding the mechanism of general anesthetic agents on astrocytes,and found that exposure to general anesthetic agents will destroy the morphology and proliferation of astrocytes,in addition to acting on the receptors on their surface,which not only affect Ca^(2+)signaling,inhibit the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate from astrocytes,but are even involved in the regulation of the pro-and anti-inflammatory processes of astrocytes.These would obviously affect the communication between astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and neighboring neurons,other neuroglia,and vascular cells.In this review,we summarize how general anesthetic agents act on neurons via astrocytes,and explore potential mechanisms of action of general anesthetic agents on the nervous system.We hope that this review will provide a new direction for mitigating the neurotoxicity of general anesthetic agents.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP22K11823 to AH and JP22J01508 to KW。
文摘Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.
文摘This study examined the mechanisms for improving the adhesion performance of the asphalt-aggregate interface with two anti-stripping agents and two coupling agents.The investigation of contact behavior between various asphalt-aggregate surfaces was conducted using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The interaction energy and the relative concentration distribution were employed as the parameters to analyze the enhancement mechanisms of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents on the asphalt-aggregate interface.Results indicated that the adhesion at the asphalt-aggregate interface could be strengthened by both anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.Anti-stripping agents primarily improve adhesion through the reinforcement of electrostatic attraction,while coupling agents primarily upgrade adhesion by strengthening the van der Waals.Hence,the molecular dynamics modeling and calculation techniques presented in this study can be utilized to elucidate the development mechanism of the asphalt-aggregate interface through the use of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.
文摘One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.
文摘Introduction: Near-infrared fluorescence imaging is a technique that will establish itself in the short term at the international level because it is recognized for its potential to improve the performance of surgical interventions, its moderate investment and operating costs and its portability. Although the technology is now mature, there is currently the problem of the availability of contrast agents to be injected IV. The aim of this methodology article is to propose an alternative solution to the need for contrast agents for clinical research, particularly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a fluorescent marker in the form of an NHS derivative, such as IR DYE manufactured in compliance with GMP, with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies having marketing authorization for molecular imaging. For a given antibody, the marking procedure must be the subject of a validation file on the final preparation filtered on a sterilizing membrane at 0.22 μm. Once the procedure has been validated, it would be unnecessary to repeat the tests before each clinical research examination. A check of the marking by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and place it in a sample bank at +4˚C for 1 month of each injected formulation would be sufficient for additional tests if necessary. Conclusion: Molecular near-infrared fluorescence imaging is experiencing development, the process of which could be accelerated by greater availability of clinical contrast agents. Alternative solutions are therefore necessary to promote clinical research in this area. These methods must be shared to make it easier for researchers.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2502100,2023YFC3603404,2019YFA0111900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072506,82272611,92268115)+7 种基金Hunan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2024JJ2089)Hunan Young Talents of Science and Technology(2021RC3025)Provincial Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Project of Hunan(2023SK2024,2020SK53709)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2020JJ3060)National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30949)National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital(2021KFJJ02,2021LNJJ05)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(CX20230308,CX20230312)the Independent Exploration and Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students of Central South University(2024ZZTS0163)。
文摘This review compiles information from the literature on the chemical composition,pharmacological effects,and molecular mechanisms of earthworm extract(EE)and suggests possibilities for clinical translation of EE.We also consider future trends and concerns in this domain.We summarize the bioactive components of EE,including G-90,lysenin,lumbrokinase,antimicrobial peptides,earthworm serine protease(ESP),and polyphenols,and detail the antitumor,antithrombotic,antiviral,antibacterial,anti-i nflammatory,analgesic,antioxidant,wound-healing,antifibrotic,and hypoglycemic activities and mechanisms of action of EE based on existing in vitro and in vivo studies.We further propose the potential of EE for clinical translation in anticancer and lipid-modifying therapies,and its promise as source of a novel agent for wound healing and resistance to antibiotic tolerance.The earthworm enzyme lumbrokinase embodies highly effective anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties and has the advantage of not causing bleeding phenomena due to hyperfibrinolysis.Its antifibrotic properties can reduce the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix.The glycolipoprotein extract G-90 can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen groups and protect cellular tissues from oxidative damage.Earthworms have evolved a well-developed defense mechanism to fight against microbial infections,and the bioactive agents in EE have shown good antibacterial,fungal,and viral properties in in vitro and in vivo experiments and can alleviate inflammatory responses caused by infections,effectively reducing pain.Recent studies have also highlighted the role of EE in lowering blood glucose.EE shows high medicinal value and is expected to be a source of many bioactive compounds.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB40020200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41663015,42273021)+4 种基金Guizhou Science and Technology Cooperation Basic Project([2020]1Y188)the construction project of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Aff airs Commission([2020]No 0.91 of DDA office)the Innovation Team Project of Guizhou Higher Education([2022]013)Foundation of Guizhou Minzu University(GZMU[2019]YB11)Thanks to the support of the independent deployment project of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)paddies are increasingly threatened by cadmium(Cd)pollution,and potentially serve as CH_(4)emitters to the atmosphere.Remediation agents widely mitigate Cd pollution in paddy soil,however,we know little about their regulations on CH_(4)emission.Here,via adding biochar(B),sulfhydryl-modified palygorskite(SMP),and selenium foliar fertilizer(SFF),we conducted a pot experiment to investigate soil and rice Cd contents together with in-situ CH_(4)f luxes.Compared to CK,the addition of SMP,SFF,and B-SMP reduced Cd in brown rice by 25%to 50%,25%,and 50%to 75%,respectively.Agents 7%B,7%B-0.01%SMP,and SFF reduced CH_(4)emissions by 8.46%,5.30%,and 4.11%,respectively.CH_(4)emission increased gradually along the growing season,with the cumulative CH_(4)fluxes ranging between 338.82 and 619.13 kg hm^(-2).Our results highlight that mixed 7%B-0.01%SMP and SFF showed collaborative eff ects on Cd remediation and CH_(4)emission.This study reveals the feasibility of reducing Cd pollution and CH_(4)emission in karst rice paddies,which hopes to supplement the knowledge of collaborative controls on soil remediation and carbon emission.
基金the Strategic research and consulting project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(2023-HY-14).
文摘Background Physical entity interactions in mixed reality(MR)environments aim to harness human capabilities in manipulating physical objects,thereby enhancing virtual environment(VEs)functionality.In MR,a common strategy is to use virtual agents as substitutes for physical entities,balancing interaction efficiency with environmental immersion.However,the impact of virtual agent size and form on interaction performance remains unclear.Methods Two experiments were conducted to explore how virtual agent size and form affect interaction performance,immersion,and preference in MR environments.The first experiment assessed five virtual agent sizes(25%,50%,75%,100%,and 125%of physical size).The second experiment tested four types of frames(no frame,consistent frame,half frame,and surrounding frame)across all agent sizes.Participants,utilizing a head mounted display,performed tasks involving moving cups,typing words,and using a mouse.They completed questionnaires assessing aspects such as the virtual environment effects,interaction effects,collision concerns,and preferences.Results Results from the first experiment revealed that agents matching physical object size produced the best overall performance.The second experiment demonstrated that consistent framing notably enhances interaction accuracy and speed but reduces immersion.To balance efficiency and immersion,frameless agents matching physical object sizes were deemed optimal.Conclusions Virtual agents matching physical entity sizes enhance user experience and interaction performance.Conversely,familiar frames from 2D interfaces detrimentally affect interaction and immersion in virtual spaces.This study provides valuable insights for the future development of MR systems.
文摘Foreign tourists'trips to China recently reached a new height,both online and offline.Travel agents around the world also made trips to China,generating more thoughts for the development of new routes and the design of innovative tourist products,and contributing to the development of China's inbound tourism.
文摘Previous studies done elsewhere have shown that Eucalyptus poles treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) can last over 30 years. Kenya is exceptional because in some eco-regions, the Eucalyptus poles’ life span has greatly reduced to 5 years. The current study was designed to evaluate wood deteriorating agents of CCA-treated Eucalyptus poles and variability in four eco-regions of Kenya, namely, dryland, coastal, highland and humid lake. A total of 360 Eucalyptus pole samples were used for this experiment. Three CCA treatments were used to treat transmission poles at 20 kg/cm3 fencing posts samples at 6 kg/cm3, and a control group. Results indicated that termites and wood-decay fungi attacks caused wood deterioration in the four eco-regions. The proportion of power transmission pole degradation by wood deteriorating agents varied across eco-regions, between treatments and control and between time after treatments. Dryland eco-regions had the highest termite-related degradation (41.82%) while wood-decay fungi attack was highest in the highland eco-regions (9.20%). Samples treated with 6 kg/cm3 recorded the lowest level of wood deterioration, manifested by minimal superficial termite and wood-decay fungi attack. Samples treated with 20 kg/cm3 were characterized by moderate termite and wood-decay fungi attacks observed around the heartwood region, unlike sapwood. This study concluded that the deterioration of Eucalyptus CCA-treated poles is a question of climatic variability and hence, to increase the poles’ lifespan, CCA treatment should be tailored according to the characteristics of the ecoregion of use. Further investigations will inform the diversity of termites and decay-fungi across different eco-regions.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of the Fourth Division Kekedala City(2023GG11).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of different doses of water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,yield and quality of soybean plants subjected to drought stress.[Methods]The effects of drought stress(MDS)and drought stress with low(MDS-L),medium(MDS-M)and high doses(MDS-H)of the water-retaining agent on the growth and development indicators,root activity,MDA content,antioxidant enzyme activity,yield and quality of soybean were studied by field plot test,with the normal water supply serving as the control(CK).[Results]In response to drought stress,the plant height,stem diameter,and yield of soybean exhibited a notable decline.Additionally,the contents of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a significant reduction.Conversely,the root activity and antioxidant enzyme activity exhibited a noticeable decline,while the MDA content exhibited an increase.The application of varying doses of the water-retaining agent was found to significantly enhance soybean growth,stimulate root activity,and elevate antioxidant enzyme activity,while concurrently reducing MDA content.The observed effects were found to be dose-dependent,with the greatest effects observed at the highest dose.In comparison to MDS,the yields of soybean in the MDS-L,MDS-M,and MDS-H treatments exhibited a 18.38%,25.58%,and 46.26%increase,respectively.Additionally,the content of protein,fat,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in seeds demonstrated a notable enhancement.[Conclusions]The application of the water-retaining agent has been demonstrated to significantly promote the growth of soybean plants under conditions of drought stress,resulting in an improvement in both the yield and the quality of the soybean crop.The recommended dosage of the water-retaining agent is 3.3 kg/667 m 2.
文摘Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that has gained popularity for solving optimization problems. In GWO, the success of the algorithm heavily relies on the efficient updating of the agents’ positions relative to the leader wolves. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the Grey Wolf Optimization technique and its significance in solving complex optimization problems. Building upon the foundation of GWO, we introduce a novel technique for updating agents’ positions, which aims to enhance the algorithm’s effectiveness and efficiency. To evaluate the performance of our proposed approach, we conduct comprehensive experiments and compare the results with the original Grey Wolf Optimization technique. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed technique achieves superior optimization outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of our approach in addressing optimization challenges effectively and efficiently, making it a valuable contribution to the field of optimization algorithms.
