The effectiveness of waqf administration is impeded by poor management of assets,opacity,and unstandardized reporting.Blockchain is expected to solve these issues due to its ability to record and trace every transacti...The effectiveness of waqf administration is impeded by poor management of assets,opacity,and unstandardized reporting.Blockchain is expected to solve these issues due to its ability to record and trace every transaction,allowing administrators to discharge their accountability to waqf stakeholders.While there have been numerous proposals for waqf blockchain,there is no explicit framework for the governance of blockchain in waqf institutions.We propose a governance of blockchain framework for waqf institutions based on IT governance dimensions and blockchain governance dimensions from the literature.The framework comprises three dimensions(formation and context,actors,and means of governance/decision making)that subsume eight sub-dimensions across three layers and three stages.We then apply the framework on a blockchain-based waqf organization to examine its usefulness.The framework is among the first to be designed for waqf institutions.展开更多
The research on the governing blockchain by blockchain supervision system is an important development trend of blockchain technology.In this system there is a supervisory blockchain managing and governing the supervis...The research on the governing blockchain by blockchain supervision system is an important development trend of blockchain technology.In this system there is a supervisory blockchain managing and governing the supervised blockchain based on blockchain technology,results in a uniquely cross-blockchain demand to consensus mechanism for solving the trust problem between supervisory blockchain and supervised blockchain.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a cross-blockchain consensus mechanism based on smart contract and a set of smart contracts endorse the crossblockchain consensus.New consensus mechanism called Proof-of-EndorseContracts(PoEC)consensus,which firstly transfers the consensus reached in supervisory blockchain to supervised blockchain by supervisory nodes,then packages the supervisory block in supervisory blockchain and transmits it to the smart contract deployed in the supervised blockchain,finally miners in supervised blockchain will execute and package the new block according to the status of the smart contract.The core part of the consensus mechanism is Endorse Contracts which designed and implemented by us and verified the effectiveness through experiments.PoEC consensus mechanism and Endorse Contracts support the supervised blockchain to join the governing blockchain by blockchain system without changing the original consensus mechanism,which has the advantages of low cost,high scalability and being able to crossblockchain.This paper proves that our method can provide a feasible crossblockchain governance scheme for the field of blockchain governance.展开更多
Corruption and lack of transparency remain critical challenges in governance systems around the world.These issues are often perpetuated by centralized systems and their manipulation by system administrators.Furthermo...Corruption and lack of transparency remain critical challenges in governance systems around the world.These issues are often perpetuated by centralized systems and their manipulation by system administrators.Furthermore,the lack of data ownership and the monetization of user data by tech companies further increase concerns about transparency.In light of these concerns,this study aims to review existing blockchain-based governance models and identify best-practice governance models focusing on corruption transparency,their characteristics,and components.The research will also examine the role of a token economy in addressing trusted third-party issues related to asset ownership management.Furthermore,we discuss the effect of smart contracts,blockchain,decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),Web 3.0,and multifactor challenge set self-sovereign identity authentication(MFSSIA)as modern technologies to combat corruption and achieve transparency in the public sector.To achieve this,we conducted a systematic literature review(SLR)comprising peer-reviewed journals,proceedings,and book chapters published between 2012 and 2023.Using the SLR methodology,45 primary and supporting studies have been selected for result extraction and analysis.Finally,we discovered seven blockchain-based governance models with their characteristics and primary components.展开更多
After the Ethereum DAO attack in 2016,which resulted in significant economic losses,blockchain governance has become a prominent research area.However,there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic literature review ...After the Ethereum DAO attack in 2016,which resulted in significant economic losses,blockchain governance has become a prominent research area.However,there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic literature review on blockchain governance.To deeply understand the process of blockchain governance and provide guidance for the future design of the blockchain governance model,we provide an in-depth review of blockchain governance.In this paper,first we introduce the consensus algorithms currently used in blockchain and relate them to governance theory.Second,we present the main content of off-chain governance and investigate two well-known off-chain governance projects.Third,we investigate four common on-chain governance voting techniques,then summarize the seven attributes that the on-chain governance voting process should meet,and finally analyze four well-known on-chain governance blockchain projects based on the previous research.We hope this survey will provide an in-depth insight into the potential development direction of blockchain governance and device future research agenda.展开更多
基金This research was supported by Fundamentals of Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)provided by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia with grant code:FRGS/1/2019/SS01/USIM/02/7 for the research titled“Developing A Blockchain-Based Governance Framework for Waqf Organisations:Toward a Sustainable Economic Wellbeing”.
文摘The effectiveness of waqf administration is impeded by poor management of assets,opacity,and unstandardized reporting.Blockchain is expected to solve these issues due to its ability to record and trace every transaction,allowing administrators to discharge their accountability to waqf stakeholders.While there have been numerous proposals for waqf blockchain,there is no explicit framework for the governance of blockchain in waqf institutions.We propose a governance of blockchain framework for waqf institutions based on IT governance dimensions and blockchain governance dimensions from the literature.The framework comprises three dimensions(formation and context,actors,and means of governance/decision making)that subsume eight sub-dimensions across three layers and three stages.We then apply the framework on a blockchain-based waqf organization to examine its usefulness.The framework is among the first to be designed for waqf institutions.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62162022 and 62162024)Key Projects in Hainan Province(Grant ZDYF2021GXJS003 and Grant ZDYF2020040)the Major science and technology project of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDKJ2020012).
文摘The research on the governing blockchain by blockchain supervision system is an important development trend of blockchain technology.In this system there is a supervisory blockchain managing and governing the supervised blockchain based on blockchain technology,results in a uniquely cross-blockchain demand to consensus mechanism for solving the trust problem between supervisory blockchain and supervised blockchain.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a cross-blockchain consensus mechanism based on smart contract and a set of smart contracts endorse the crossblockchain consensus.New consensus mechanism called Proof-of-EndorseContracts(PoEC)consensus,which firstly transfers the consensus reached in supervisory blockchain to supervised blockchain by supervisory nodes,then packages the supervisory block in supervisory blockchain and transmits it to the smart contract deployed in the supervised blockchain,finally miners in supervised blockchain will execute and package the new block according to the status of the smart contract.The core part of the consensus mechanism is Endorse Contracts which designed and implemented by us and verified the effectiveness through experiments.PoEC consensus mechanism and Endorse Contracts support the supervised blockchain to join the governing blockchain by blockchain system without changing the original consensus mechanism,which has the advantages of low cost,high scalability and being able to crossblockchain.This paper proves that our method can provide a feasible crossblockchain governance scheme for the field of blockchain governance.
文摘Corruption and lack of transparency remain critical challenges in governance systems around the world.These issues are often perpetuated by centralized systems and their manipulation by system administrators.Furthermore,the lack of data ownership and the monetization of user data by tech companies further increase concerns about transparency.In light of these concerns,this study aims to review existing blockchain-based governance models and identify best-practice governance models focusing on corruption transparency,their characteristics,and components.The research will also examine the role of a token economy in addressing trusted third-party issues related to asset ownership management.Furthermore,we discuss the effect of smart contracts,blockchain,decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),Web 3.0,and multifactor challenge set self-sovereign identity authentication(MFSSIA)as modern technologies to combat corruption and achieve transparency in the public sector.To achieve this,we conducted a systematic literature review(SLR)comprising peer-reviewed journals,proceedings,and book chapters published between 2012 and 2023.Using the SLR methodology,45 primary and supporting studies have been selected for result extraction and analysis.Finally,we discovered seven blockchain-based governance models with their characteristics and primary components.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (No.2021CXGC010107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62172307,U21A20466,62272350)+2 种基金the New 20 Project of Higher Education of Jinan (No.202228017)the Special Project on Science and Technology Program of Hubei Provience (Nos.2020AEA013,2021BAA025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2042023KF0203).
文摘After the Ethereum DAO attack in 2016,which resulted in significant economic losses,blockchain governance has become a prominent research area.However,there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic literature review on blockchain governance.To deeply understand the process of blockchain governance and provide guidance for the future design of the blockchain governance model,we provide an in-depth review of blockchain governance.In this paper,first we introduce the consensus algorithms currently used in blockchain and relate them to governance theory.Second,we present the main content of off-chain governance and investigate two well-known off-chain governance projects.Third,we investigate four common on-chain governance voting techniques,then summarize the seven attributes that the on-chain governance voting process should meet,and finally analyze four well-known on-chain governance blockchain projects based on the previous research.We hope this survey will provide an in-depth insight into the potential development direction of blockchain governance and device future research agenda.
