AIM： To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid（AA） on lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced inflammatory response in human corneal epithelial cells（HCECs）.METHODS： Cell viability was measured usin...AIM： To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid（AA） on lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced inflammatory response in human corneal epithelial cells（HCECs）.METHODS： Cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（qR T-PCR） was used to determine the mR NA expression of interleukin-8（IL-8）,interleukin-6（IL-6）,interleukin-1β（IL-1β）,tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）,and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） in HCECs.Intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS） was measured using the ROS assay kit.Glutathione（GSH） concentration was measured using the total GSH assay kit.Akt1 and Akt phosphorylation（p-Akt1） levels were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.RESULTS： AA induced toxicity at high concentrations and significantly stimulated the proliferation of HCECs at concentrations of 20 μmol/L for 1h.LPS at concentrations of 300 ng/mL for 1h significantly stimulated the mR NA expression of IL-8,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and TGF-β in HCECs,while the stimulation effects were significantly inhibited by AA（20 μmol/L）.In addition,AA was found to decrease the content of ROS,increase GSH generation,and also inhibit LPS-induced p-Akt in HCECs.CONCLUSION： AA decreases the generation of inflammatory factors IL-8,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and TGF-β in LPSstimulated HCECs.AA significantly inhibites the intracellular concentrations of ROS and increases GSH generation.AA also inhibites LPS-induced p-Akt in HCECs.These findings reveal that AA has anti-inflammation effects in LPS-stimulated HCECs.展开更多
Objective: To report the influence of transdermal delivery of asiatic acid(AA) in Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on physicochemical changes, %parasitaemia and associated pathophysiology. Methods: A to...Objective: To report the influence of transdermal delivery of asiatic acid(AA) in Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on physicochemical changes, %parasitaemia and associated pathophysiology. Methods: A topical once-off AA(5, 10, and 20 mg/kg)- or chloroquine(CHQ)-pectin patch was applied on the shaven dorsal neck region of Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats(90-120 g) on day 7 after infection. Eating and drinking habits, weight changes, malaria effects and %parasitaemia were compared among animal groups over 21 d. Results: AA-pectin patch application preserved food and water intake together with %weight gain. All animals developed stable parasitaemia(15%-20%) by day 7. AA doses suppressed parasitaemia significantly. AA 5 mg/kg patch was most effective. AA and CHQ displayed bimodal time-spaced peaks. CHQ patch had a longer time course to clear parasitaemia. Conclusions: AA influences bio-physicochemical changes and parasitaemia suppression in dose dependent manner. In comparison by dose administered, AA has much better efficacy than CHQ. AA may be a useful antimalarial. AA and CHQ displays bimodal peaks suggesting possible synergism if used in combination therapy.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of asiatic acid(AA) on the differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells cytotoxic-induced by cholesterol.Methods:Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells were either exposed to diffe...Objective:To investigate the effect of asiatic acid(AA) on the differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells cytotoxic-induced by cholesterol.Methods:Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells were either exposed to different concentrations of AA or treated with different doses of cholesterol to reveal their responding viability by MTT assay.The selective 1 mmol/L concentration of AA was then used to test for either the protective or the recovery effects on the cells treated with 250 mmol/L concentration of cholesterol.Results:AA has a propensity to directly increase the viability of differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells.Cholesterol has significant cytotoxic effect on those cells in a concentration-dependent manner.AA has the ability to slightly recover the viability of the differentiated culture cytotoxic-induced by cholesterol but could not protect those cells from cytotoxic-induced by cholesterol.Conclusions:High concentrations of cholesterol were observed to be harmful to the neurons and AA had a slight effect of reducing neuronal death caused by cholesterol.展开更多
Asiatic acid(AA), a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, displays significant antiproliferative effects on cancer cells in vitro although the underlying mechanism of this effect remains unknown. This stu...Asiatic acid(AA), a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, displays significant antiproliferative effects on cancer cells in vitro although the underlying mechanism of this effect remains unknown. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of action of AA against lung cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Using the MTT assay, AA was found to induce apoptosis in a dose- and timedependent manner, an effect enhanced by pretreatment with an autophagy inhibitor. It also elevated expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and decreased the expression of p62.Furthermore, exposure to AA resulted in collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), suggesting mitochondria are the target of AA. In the mouse lung cancer xenograft model, oral administration of AA significantly inhibited tumor volume and weight accompanied by significant apoptosis of lung cancer cells. In addition, it led to a significant decrease in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). In summary, the results show that AA significantly reduces lung cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and that the associated apoptosis is mediated through mitochondrial damage.展开更多
The Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rat is a spontaneous type 2 diabetic animal model,which is characterized by a progressive loss of beta islet cells with fibrosis.In the present study,the hypoglycemic effect of asiatic acid(AA) i...The Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rat is a spontaneous type 2 diabetic animal model,which is characterized by a progressive loss of beta islet cells with fibrosis.In the present study,the hypoglycemic effect of asiatic acid(AA) in GK rats was examined.GK rats receiving AA at a daily dose of 25 mg·kg-1 for four weeks showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels.Age-matched normal Wistar rats were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na) solution for the same periods and used as control.Compared to the normal Wistar rats,GK rats treated with AA showed improvement in insulin resistance partially through decreasing glucose level(P < 0.01) and insulin level(P < 0.05).Furthermore,the results of immunohistochemistry indicate that AA treatment reduced islet fibrosis in GK rats.Fibronectin,a key protein related to islet fibrosis,was over-expressed in GK rats,which was reversed significantly by AA treatment(P < 0.05).These findings suggest that AA has a beneficial effect on lowering blood glucose levels in GK rats and improves fibrosis of islets in diabetes,which may play a role in the prevention of islets展开更多
Fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy, circular dichroism （CD） and FT-Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the binding of the asiatic acid （AA） to bovine serum albumin...Fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy, circular dichroism （CD） and FT-Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the binding of the asiatic acid （AA） to bovine serum albumin （BSA） under simulative physiological conditions. Fluorescence data revealed that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by AA was the result of the formation of BSA-AA complex. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA by AA was a static quenching procedure. According to the Van＇t Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change （△H0） and entropy change （△S0） for the reaction were evaluated to be --12.55 kJ·mol^-1 and 67.08 kJomol 1, respectively, indicating that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions played a major role in stabilizing the complex. The influence of AA on the conformation of BSA has also been analyzed on the basis of FT-IR, CD and FT-Raman spectra.展开更多
Centella asiatica,a pre-historically utilized medicinal herb that is well recognized as a traditional phytotherapeutic substance for treating a variety of diseases.However,its phytochemicals use as a functional compon...Centella asiatica,a pre-historically utilized medicinal herb that is well recognized as a traditional phytotherapeutic substance for treating a variety of diseases.However,its phytochemicals use as a functional component in food and beverage has recently attracted the attentions of food researchers and scientists.C.asiatica possesses pharmacological value due to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids and terpenoids,mainly asiatic acid,asiaticoside,and madecassoside.Its role as a functional component in developing various processed food products and packaging films is continuously being explored.It improves the micronutrient profile and antioxidant potential of developed food products like noodles,chocolates,soups,pasta,etc.However,comprehensive scientific validation based on clinical trials is inadequate,which impede the perception of health benefits and nutritional importance of C.asiatica rich food products.Furthermore,there is a need to extensively examine the composition of C.asiatica active compounds in order to maximise its application in the food processing and preservation industry.Therefore,the goal of this paper is to investigate into the existing information on the extraction,identification,and quantification of C.asiatica phytochemicals,as well as to explore their biological activity.The potential of C.asiatica for developing functional foods and beverages,as well as their processing and preservation to improve human health,is also highlighted.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbs have a demonstrated value for disease therapy and sub-health improvement.Attempts in this area tend to develop new forms to make their applications more convenient and wi...Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbs have a demonstrated value for disease therapy and sub-health improvement.Attempts in this area tend to develop new forms to make their applications more convenient and wider.Here,we propose a novel Chinese herb microneedle(CHMN)patch by integrating the herbal extracts,Premna microphylla and Centella asiatica,with microstructure of microneedle for wound healing.Such path is composed of sap extracted from the herbal leaves via traditional kneading method and solidified by plant ash derived from the brine induced process of tofu in a well-designed mold.Because the leaves of the Premna microphylla are rich in pectin and various amino acids,the CHMN could be imparted with medicinal efficacy of heat clearing,detoxicating,detumescence and hemostatic.Besides,with the excellent pharmaceutical activity of Asiatic acid extracted from Centella asiatica,the CHMN is potential in promoting relevant growth factor genes expression in fibroblasts and showing excellent performance in anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity.Taking advantages of these pure herbal compositions,we have demonstrated that the derived CHMN was with dramatical achievement in anti-bacteria,inhibiting inflammatory,collagen deposition,angiogenesis and tissue reconstruction during the wound closure.These results indicate that the integration of traditional Chinese herbs with progressive technologies will facilitate the development and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine in modern society.展开更多
基金Supported by Medical Program of Shandong Province(No.2014WS0441)Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province(No.2013YD21009)Innovative Team and Young Teachers Training Project of Qingdao Medical College(No.600201304)
文摘AIM： To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of asiatic acid（AA） on lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced inflammatory response in human corneal epithelial cells（HCECs）.METHODS： Cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（qR T-PCR） was used to determine the mR NA expression of interleukin-8（IL-8）,interleukin-6（IL-6）,interleukin-1β（IL-1β）,tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）,and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） in HCECs.Intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS） was measured using the ROS assay kit.Glutathione（GSH） concentration was measured using the total GSH assay kit.Akt1 and Akt phosphorylation（p-Akt1） levels were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence.RESULTS： AA induced toxicity at high concentrations and significantly stimulated the proliferation of HCECs at concentrations of 20 μmol/L for 1h.LPS at concentrations of 300 ng/mL for 1h significantly stimulated the mR NA expression of IL-8,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and TGF-β in HCECs,while the stimulation effects were significantly inhibited by AA（20 μmol/L）.In addition,AA was found to decrease the content of ROS,increase GSH generation,and also inhibit LPS-induced p-Akt in HCECs.CONCLUSION： AA decreases the generation of inflammatory factors IL-8,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,and TGF-β in LPSstimulated HCECs.AA significantly inhibites the intracellular concentrations of ROS and increases GSH generation.AA also inhibites LPS-induced p-Akt in HCECs.These findings reveal that AA has anti-inflammation effects in LPS-stimulated HCECs.
基金funded through the scholarship from the College of Health Sciences,University of Kwa Zulu Natal granted to the first author
文摘Objective: To report the influence of transdermal delivery of asiatic acid(AA) in Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on physicochemical changes, %parasitaemia and associated pathophysiology. Methods: A topical once-off AA(5, 10, and 20 mg/kg)- or chloroquine(CHQ)-pectin patch was applied on the shaven dorsal neck region of Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats(90-120 g) on day 7 after infection. Eating and drinking habits, weight changes, malaria effects and %parasitaemia were compared among animal groups over 21 d. Results: AA-pectin patch application preserved food and water intake together with %weight gain. All animals developed stable parasitaemia(15%-20%) by day 7. AA doses suppressed parasitaemia significantly. AA 5 mg/kg patch was most effective. AA and CHQ displayed bimodal time-spaced peaks. CHQ patch had a longer time course to clear parasitaemia. Conclusions: AA influences bio-physicochemical changes and parasitaemia suppression in dose dependent manner. In comparison by dose administered, AA has much better efficacy than CHQ. AA may be a useful antimalarial. AA and CHQ displays bimodal peaks suggesting possible synergism if used in combination therapy.
基金Supported by Naresuan University Research Fund for grants for this research(P2556C134)
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of asiatic acid(AA) on the differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells cytotoxic-induced by cholesterol.Methods:Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells were either exposed to different concentrations of AA or treated with different doses of cholesterol to reveal their responding viability by MTT assay.The selective 1 mmol/L concentration of AA was then used to test for either the protective or the recovery effects on the cells treated with 250 mmol/L concentration of cholesterol.Results:AA has a propensity to directly increase the viability of differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5 Y cells.Cholesterol has significant cytotoxic effect on those cells in a concentration-dependent manner.AA has the ability to slightly recover the viability of the differentiated culture cytotoxic-induced by cholesterol but could not protect those cells from cytotoxic-induced by cholesterol.Conclusions:High concentrations of cholesterol were observed to be harmful to the neurons and AA had a slight effect of reducing neuronal death caused by cholesterol.
文摘Asiatic acid(AA), a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica, displays significant antiproliferative effects on cancer cells in vitro although the underlying mechanism of this effect remains unknown. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of action of AA against lung cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Using the MTT assay, AA was found to induce apoptosis in a dose- and timedependent manner, an effect enhanced by pretreatment with an autophagy inhibitor. It also elevated expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and decreased the expression of p62.Furthermore, exposure to AA resulted in collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), suggesting mitochondria are the target of AA. In the mouse lung cancer xenograft model, oral administration of AA significantly inhibited tumor volume and weight accompanied by significant apoptosis of lung cancer cells. In addition, it led to a significant decrease in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). In summary, the results show that AA significantly reduces lung cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo and that the associated apoptosis is mediated through mitochondrial damage.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JKP2011004)
文摘The Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rat is a spontaneous type 2 diabetic animal model,which is characterized by a progressive loss of beta islet cells with fibrosis.In the present study,the hypoglycemic effect of asiatic acid(AA) in GK rats was examined.GK rats receiving AA at a daily dose of 25 mg·kg-1 for four weeks showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels.Age-matched normal Wistar rats were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na) solution for the same periods and used as control.Compared to the normal Wistar rats,GK rats treated with AA showed improvement in insulin resistance partially through decreasing glucose level(P < 0.01) and insulin level(P < 0.05).Furthermore,the results of immunohistochemistry indicate that AA treatment reduced islet fibrosis in GK rats.Fibronectin,a key protein related to islet fibrosis,was over-expressed in GK rats,which was reversed significantly by AA treatment(P < 0.05).These findings suggest that AA has a beneficial effect on lowering blood glucose levels in GK rats and improves fibrosis of islets in diabetes,which may play a role in the prevention of islets
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 20671023, 30460153, 21061002）, the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education （Nos. 03101, 204111）, Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 2010GXNSFF013001）, and the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education （No. 2009106020703M42）.
文摘Fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy, circular dichroism （CD） and FT-Raman spectroscopy were employed to analyze the binding of the asiatic acid （AA） to bovine serum albumin （BSA） under simulative physiological conditions. Fluorescence data revealed that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by AA was the result of the formation of BSA-AA complex. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA by AA was a static quenching procedure. According to the Van＇t Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change （△H0） and entropy change （△S0） for the reaction were evaluated to be --12.55 kJ·mol^-1 and 67.08 kJomol 1, respectively, indicating that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions played a major role in stabilizing the complex. The influence of AA on the conformation of BSA has also been analyzed on the basis of FT-IR, CD and FT-Raman spectra.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education(formerly the Ministry of Human Resource Development)the Government of India for an Institute Research Assistantship,and the author,ST thanks Agricultural and Food Engineering Department,Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur for their assistance in this study。
文摘Centella asiatica,a pre-historically utilized medicinal herb that is well recognized as a traditional phytotherapeutic substance for treating a variety of diseases.However,its phytochemicals use as a functional component in food and beverage has recently attracted the attentions of food researchers and scientists.C.asiatica possesses pharmacological value due to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids and terpenoids,mainly asiatic acid,asiaticoside,and madecassoside.Its role as a functional component in developing various processed food products and packaging films is continuously being explored.It improves the micronutrient profile and antioxidant potential of developed food products like noodles,chocolates,soups,pasta,etc.However,comprehensive scientific validation based on clinical trials is inadequate,which impede the perception of health benefits and nutritional importance of C.asiatica rich food products.Furthermore,there is a need to extensively examine the composition of C.asiatica active compounds in order to maximise its application in the food processing and preservation industry.Therefore,the goal of this paper is to investigate into the existing information on the extraction,identification,and quantification of C.asiatica phytochemicals,as well as to explore their biological activity.The potential of C.asiatica for developing functional foods and beverages,as well as their processing and preservation to improve human health,is also highlighted.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073060,61927805 and 22002018)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BE2018707)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190813152616459)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese herbs have a demonstrated value for disease therapy and sub-health improvement.Attempts in this area tend to develop new forms to make their applications more convenient and wider.Here,we propose a novel Chinese herb microneedle(CHMN)patch by integrating the herbal extracts,Premna microphylla and Centella asiatica,with microstructure of microneedle for wound healing.Such path is composed of sap extracted from the herbal leaves via traditional kneading method and solidified by plant ash derived from the brine induced process of tofu in a well-designed mold.Because the leaves of the Premna microphylla are rich in pectin and various amino acids,the CHMN could be imparted with medicinal efficacy of heat clearing,detoxicating,detumescence and hemostatic.Besides,with the excellent pharmaceutical activity of Asiatic acid extracted from Centella asiatica,the CHMN is potential in promoting relevant growth factor genes expression in fibroblasts and showing excellent performance in anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activity.Taking advantages of these pure herbal compositions,we have demonstrated that the derived CHMN was with dramatical achievement in anti-bacteria,inhibiting inflammatory,collagen deposition,angiogenesis and tissue reconstruction during the wound closure.These results indicate that the integration of traditional Chinese herbs with progressive technologies will facilitate the development and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine in modern society.
