AIM： To investigate the effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker （ARB） and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor （ACEI） on intraocular growth factors and their receptors in streptozotocin-induced diabet...AIM： To investigate the effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker （ARB） and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor （ACEI） on intraocular growth factors and their receptors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS： Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups： control, diabetes mellitus （DM）, candesartan- treated DM, and enalapril-treated DM （each group, n---10）. After the induction of DM by streptozotocin, candesartan [ARB, 5 mg/（kg · d）] and enalapril [ACEI, 10 mg/（kg · d）] were administered to rats orally for 4Wko Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and angiotensin II （Ang II） concentrations in the vitreous were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and VEGF receptor 2 and angiotensin II type 1 receptor （ATIR） levels were assessed at week 4 by Western blotting. RESULTS： Vitreous Ang II levels were significantly higher in the DM group and candesartan-treated DM group than in the control （P=0.04 and 0.005, respectively）. Vitreous ATIR increased significantly in DM compared to the other three groups （P〈0.007）. Candesartan-treated DM rats showed higher vitreal ATIR concentration than the enalapril-treated DM group and control （P〈0.001 and P=0.005, respectively）. No difference in vitreous Ang II and ATIR concentration was found between the enalapril- treated DM group and control. VEGF and its receptor were below the minimum detection limit in all 4 groups. CONCLUSION： Increased Ang II and ATIR in the hyperglycemic state indicate activated the intraocular renin-angiotensin system, which is inhibited more effectively by systemic ACEI than systemic ARB.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that sustained ingestion of angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers(ACEIs/ARBs)had no harmful effects on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pat...BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that sustained ingestion of angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers(ACEIs/ARBs)had no harmful effects on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients complicated with hypertension.AIM To investigate the impact on COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension who discontinued using ACEIs/ARBs.METHODS All COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension admitted to our isolated unit were consecutively recruited in this study.Some patients switched from ACEIs/ARBs to calcium channel blocker(CCBs)after admission,while others continued using non-ACEIs/ARBs.We compared characteristics and clinical outcomes between these two groups of patients.RESULTS A total of 53 patients were enrolled,27 patients switched from ACEIs/ARBs to CCBs while 26 patients continued with non-ACEIs/ARBs.After controlling potential confounding factors using the Cox proportional hazards model,hospital stay was longer in patients who discontinued ACEIs/ARBs,with a hazard ratio of 0.424(95%confidence interval:0.187-0.962;P=0.040),upon discharge than patients using other anti-hypertensive drugs.A sub-group analysis showed that the effect of discontinuing use of ACEIs/ARBs was stronger in moderate cases[hazard ratio=0.224(95%confidence interval:0.005-0.998;P=0.0497)].CONCLUSION Patients in the discontinued ACEIs/ARBs group had longer hospital stays.Our findings suggest that COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension should continue to use ACEIs/ARBs.展开更多
Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Diagnosed and treated timely, patients may have good prognostics. In Brazil, in 2012, the estimate of new cases was 52,680 and the number of reg...Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Diagnosed and treated timely, patients may have good prognostics. In Brazil, in 2012, the estimate of new cases was 52,680 and the number of registered deaths in 2012 was 12,852. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is known for its role in arterial hypertension and in other cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the key to Ang-(1-7) formation, and counterbalances the ACE1/AngII/AGTR1 axis actions. RAS components have complex interactions with different tissues and their actions are not restricted to the cardiovascular system. Recently, the RAS has been associated with different types of cancers and in particular with gynecological cancers. Objectives: Our aim is to investigate possible associations between allelic distribution of two genetic polymorphisms in the AGTR2 receptor with ACEs 1 and 2 plasma levels among women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with breast cancer were genotyped for two polymorphisms of the AGTR2 (T1247G and A5235G). Genotyping assays (TaqMan) were performed with genomic DNA extracted from blood cells. ACEs plasma level measurements were conducted in women from the breast-cancer group (N = 53). ACEs were measured in the plasma of these patients using ELISA kits. Results: SNPs genotype distribution is correlated with ACEs plasma levels. ACEs plasma levels are also correlated with clinical variables and ACE2 high levels are associated with better prognostics. Conclusions: Changes in circulating levels of ECA1/AngII ECA2/ Ang-(1-7) determine the magnitude of the inflammatory response that an individual can trigger and the variation in ACE 1 and 2 plasma level measurements in the blood of breast cancer patients suggests an association with the process of mammary carcinogenesis. Thus, the RAS may be associated with the process of mammary carcinogenesis by both genotypic variations of RAS components and by circulating levels of ACEs.展开更多
目的:探讨血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]对大鼠尿毒症高转性骨病的影响,并阐明其可能的机制。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=6)和实验组(n=24),实验组大鼠采用5/6肾切除术(Platt法)+高磷(P)饮食[1.2%P,1.0%钙(Ca)]制备尿毒症高转化骨...目的:探讨血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]对大鼠尿毒症高转性骨病的影响,并阐明其可能的机制。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=6)和实验组(n=24),实验组大鼠采用5/6肾切除术(Platt法)+高磷(P)饮食[1.2%P,1.0%钙(Ca)]制备尿毒症高转化骨病模型,并将建模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、Ang(1-7)组、血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)激活剂二乙酰胺三氮脒(DIZE)组(DIZE组)和Mas受体拮抗剂组(A779组),每组6只。分别于手术后12和18周采用全自动生化分析仪检测各组大鼠血清Ca、P、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)和24 h尿蛋白(UP)水平;免疫化学荧光法测定各组大鼠全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)水平;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠血清骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型胶原N端肽(NTX)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)-5b水平;高分辨率显微CT扫描检测各组大鼠股骨组织的骨密度(BMD)、组织骨密度(TMD)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)和骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)等三维结构参数。Von Kossa染色和吉姆萨染色观察各组大鼠皮质骨及骨小梁病理形态表现,计算骨小梁体积(TBV);荧光显微镜下测定各组大鼠骨矿化率(MAR),并计算成骨细胞指数(OBI)和破骨细胞指数(OCI)。结果:术后12和18周,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠体质量减小(P<0.05);术后12和18周,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠血清中24 h UP、Scr及BUN水平均升高(P<0.05);术后18周,与模型组比较,Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠血清中24 h UP及Scr水平均降低(P<0.05),A779组大鼠血清中24 h UP、Scr和BUN水平均升高(P<0.05)。证实尿毒症高转化骨病大鼠模型构建成功。术后12和18周,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠血清中iPTH、P、OC、NTX及TRAP-5b水平均升高(P<0.05);术后18周,与模型组比较,Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠血清中NTX及TRAP-5b水平均降低(P<0.05),A779组大鼠血清中iPTH、P、NTX和TRAP-5b水平均升高(P<0.05)。高分辨率显微CT扫描检测,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠股骨BMD及TMD均降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠股骨BMD及TMD均升高(P<0.05),A779组大鼠股骨BMD和TMD均降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠股骨Tb.Th降低(P<0.05),Tb.Sp升高(P<0.05);Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠股骨Tb.Th升高(P<0.05),而Tb.Sp降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,A779组大鼠股骨Tb.Th降低(P<0.05),而Tb.Sp升高(P<0.05)。骨病理检查,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠股骨TBV均降低(P<0.05),MAR、OBI和OCI均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠股骨OBI及OCI均降低(P<0.05),TBV升高(P<0.05),而A779组大鼠股骨OBI和OCI均升高(P<0.05),TBV降低(P<0.05)。结论:ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas轴对尿毒症大鼠高转化骨病具有改善作用。展开更多
The renin angiotensin system(RAS) is classically conceived as a circulating hormonal system involved in blood pressure control and hydroelectrolyte balance. The discovery that RAS components are locally expressed in a...The renin angiotensin system(RAS) is classically conceived as a circulating hormonal system involved in blood pressure control and hydroelectrolyte balance. The discovery that RAS components are locally expressed in a wide range of organs and tissues,including the liver,pointed to a role for this system in the pathogenesis of several conditions including hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. It has been widely reported that the classical RAS axis composed by the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)-angiotensin(Ang) Ⅱ-Ang type 1(AT1) receptor mediates pro-inflammatory,pro-thrombotic,and pro-fibrotic processes. On the other hand,the alternative axis comprising ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor seems to play a protective role by frequently opposing Ang Ⅱ action. Chronic hepatitis B(CHB) is one of the leading causes of liver fibrosis,accounting for the death of nearly one million people worldwide. Liver fibrosis is a key factor to determine therapeutic interventions for patients with CHB. However,the establishment of non-invasive and accurate methods to detect reversible stages of liver fibrosis is still a challenge. In an elegant study published in the 36 th issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Noguchi et al showed the predictive value of serum ACE levels in detecting not only advanced stages of liver fibrosis but also initial and intermediate fibrotic stages. The serum levels of ACE might represent an accurate,non-invasive,widely available,and easy method to evaluate fibrosis related to CHB. Moreover,therapies involving the inhibition of the classical RAS axis components might be promising in the control of CHB-related liver fibrosis.展开更多
Summary： In order to investigate whether Yinchenhao decoction （YCHD） attenuates hepatic fibro- genesis in the bile duct ligation （BDL） model via recovering and restoring the self-regulation and bal- ance of the r...Summary： In order to investigate whether Yinchenhao decoction （YCHD） attenuates hepatic fibro- genesis in the bile duct ligation （BDL） model via recovering and restoring the self-regulation and bal- ance of the renin-angiotensin system （RAS）, 33 specific-pathogen-free （SPF） male Sprague-Dawley rats with common BDL and scission were randomly divided into five groups as follows： G1, the sham group （n=4）; G2, BDL 7-day group （n=5）; G3, BDL＋YCHD 430 mg/mL （n=8）; G4, BDL＋losartan 0.65 mg/mL （ARB group, n=8）; G5, model group （BDL without any treatment, n=8）. YCHD and losartan （10 mL.kgl.day-1） were given by gastric gavage for 16 days following BDL in G3 and G4 groups, respec- tively. The effect of YCHD on liver fibrosis and the detailed molecular mechanisms were assessed by liver function including total bilirubin （TBIL）, direct bilirubin （DBIL）, indirect bilirubin （IDBIL）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）. Histological changes were ob-. served by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and Masson trichrome staining. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of the renin-angiotensin system （RAS） components in- cluding angiotensin converting enzyme （ACE）, angiotensin II type 1 receptor （AT1R）, ACE2, angio- tensin II （Ang II） as well as transforming growth factor 131 （TGF131）. The experimental data were ana- lyzed by principle component analytical method of pattern recognition. The results showed that bio- chemically, serum TBIL, DBIL, IDBIL, ALT and AST levels were markedly increased following BDL as compared with the sham group （P〈0.05）. Serum TBIL, IDBIL and DBIL levels in G3 group were dramatically decreased as compared with G5 and G4 groups （P〈0.05）. Serum AST level in G3 was sig- nificantly lowered than in G5 group （P〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference in ALT among G3, G4 and G5 groups （P〉0.05）. Histologically, livers in G3 group showed less hepatocytes necrosis, less bile duct hyperplasia and less collagen formation than in G4 and G5 groups. The protein expression lev- els of ACE2, ACE, Ang II, AT1R and TGF131 in G2, G3 and G4 groups were significantly higher than in sham group （P〈0.05）, and lower than in G5 group （P〈0.05）. However, the differences among G2, G3 and G4 groups were not significant （P〉0.05）. ACE2 protein expression in G3 group was significantly higher than in G2 group （P〈0.05） and there was no significant difference in comparison with G4 group （P〉0.05）. Moreover, the protein expression of TGF131 in G3 group was significantly lower than in G5 and G4 groups （P〈0.05）. Our findings suggest that the antifibrotic effects of YCHD may be associated with the decreased classical RAS pathway components and TGFI31 downexpression so as to recover and rebuild self-regulation of the RAS by elevating the protein expression of ACE2.展开更多
AIM： To measure circulating angiotensins at different stages of human cirrhosis and to further evaluate a possible relationship between renin angiotensin system （RAS） components and hemodynamic changes. METHODS： P...AIM： To measure circulating angiotensins at different stages of human cirrhosis and to further evaluate a possible relationship between renin angiotensin system （RAS） components and hemodynamic changes. METHODS： Patients were allocated into 4 groups： mild-to-moderate liver disease （MLD）, advanced liver disease （ALD）, patients undergoing liver transplantation, and healthy controls. Blood was collected to determine plasma renin activity （PRA）, angiotensin （Ang） Ⅰ, Ang Ⅱ, and Ang-（1-7） levels using radioimmunoassays. During liver transplantation, hemodynamic parameters were determined and blood was simultaneously obtained from the portal vein and radial artery in order to measure RAS components. RESULTS： PRA and angiotensins were elevated in ALD when compared to MLD and controls （P 〈 0.05）. In contrast, Ang Ⅱ was significantly reduced in MLD. Ang-（1-7）/Ang Ⅱ ratios were increased in MLD when compared to controls and ALD. During transplantation, Ang Ⅱ levels were lower and Ang-（1-7）/Ang Ⅱ ratios were higher in the splanchnic circulation than in the peripheral circulation （0.52 ± 0.08 vs 0.38 ±0.04, P 〈 0.02）, whereas the peripheral circulating Ang Ⅱ/Ang Ⅰ ratio was elevated in comparison to splanchnic levels （0.18 ±0.02 vs 0.13 ±0.02, P 〈 0.04）. Ang-（1-7）/ Ang Ⅱ ratios positively correlated with cardiac output （r = 0.66） and negatively correlated with systemic vascular resistance （r = -0.70）. CONCLUSION： Our findings suggest that the relationship between Ang-（1-7） and Ang Ⅱ may play a role in the hemodynamic changes of human cirrhosis.展开更多
目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)对血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)和细胞外基质激酶(ERK)1/2磷酸化水平及细胞增殖的影响。方法荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达;将载有ACE2基因慢病毒表达载体(Lentiviral-ACE2)以感染复数为10(MOI...目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)对血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)和细胞外基质激酶(ERK)1/2磷酸化水平及细胞增殖的影响。方法荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达;将载有ACE2基因慢病毒表达载体(Lentiviral-ACE2)以感染复数为10(MOI=10)感染平滑肌细胞不同时间(24、48、72、96 h);采用CCK-8法检测平滑肌细胞增殖;Western blot检测ACE2、AT1R及ERK1/2磷酸化水平。结果目的蛋白GFP表达量明显增加,慢病毒ACE2的表达量成时间依赖性增加,并且在96 h时蛋白表达量较对照组和空载体组明显升高,(1.22±0.06 vs 0.53±0.03和0.53±0.09,P<0.05,n=4);AngⅡ(10-7 mol·L-1)可以促进平滑肌细胞的增殖,ACE2能够抑制AngⅡ诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖(0.53±0.10 vs 0.68±0.03,P<0.05,n=5);AngⅡ(10-7mol·L-1)作用平滑肌细胞12 h后AT1R明显上调,同时ACE2明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的AT1R的上调(0.34±0.01 vs 0.73±0.07,P<0.05,n=4);ACE2能够明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的ERK1/2的磷酸化水平(0.43±0.06 vs 0.71±0.08,P<0.05,n=4)。结论 ACE2可以通过下调AT1R和/及ERK1/2的磷酸化水平而抑制平滑肌增殖,提示ACE2的过表达具有血管保护作用。展开更多
基金Supported by Biomedical Research Institute Grant(PNU-2013-0373),Pusan National University Hospital
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker （ARB） and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor （ACEI） on intraocular growth factors and their receptors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS： Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups： control, diabetes mellitus （DM）, candesartan- treated DM, and enalapril-treated DM （each group, n---10）. After the induction of DM by streptozotocin, candesartan [ARB, 5 mg/（kg · d）] and enalapril [ACEI, 10 mg/（kg · d）] were administered to rats orally for 4Wko Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and angiotensin II （Ang II） concentrations in the vitreous were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and VEGF receptor 2 and angiotensin II type 1 receptor （ATIR） levels were assessed at week 4 by Western blotting. RESULTS： Vitreous Ang II levels were significantly higher in the DM group and candesartan-treated DM group than in the control （P=0.04 and 0.005, respectively）. Vitreous ATIR increased significantly in DM compared to the other three groups （P〈0.007）. Candesartan-treated DM rats showed higher vitreal ATIR concentration than the enalapril-treated DM group and control （P〈0.001 and P=0.005, respectively）. No difference in vitreous Ang II and ATIR concentration was found between the enalapril- treated DM group and control. VEGF and its receptor were below the minimum detection limit in all 4 groups. CONCLUSION： Increased Ang II and ATIR in the hyperglycemic state indicate activated the intraocular renin-angiotensin system, which is inhibited more effectively by systemic ACEI than systemic ARB.
文摘BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that sustained ingestion of angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers(ACEIs/ARBs)had no harmful effects on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients complicated with hypertension.AIM To investigate the impact on COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension who discontinued using ACEIs/ARBs.METHODS All COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension admitted to our isolated unit were consecutively recruited in this study.Some patients switched from ACEIs/ARBs to calcium channel blocker(CCBs)after admission,while others continued using non-ACEIs/ARBs.We compared characteristics and clinical outcomes between these two groups of patients.RESULTS A total of 53 patients were enrolled,27 patients switched from ACEIs/ARBs to CCBs while 26 patients continued with non-ACEIs/ARBs.After controlling potential confounding factors using the Cox proportional hazards model,hospital stay was longer in patients who discontinued ACEIs/ARBs,with a hazard ratio of 0.424(95%confidence interval:0.187-0.962;P=0.040),upon discharge than patients using other anti-hypertensive drugs.A sub-group analysis showed that the effect of discontinuing use of ACEIs/ARBs was stronger in moderate cases[hazard ratio=0.224(95%confidence interval:0.005-0.998;P=0.0497)].CONCLUSION Patients in the discontinued ACEIs/ARBs group had longer hospital stays.Our findings suggest that COVID-19 patients complicated with hypertension should continue to use ACEIs/ARBs.
文摘Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. Diagnosed and treated timely, patients may have good prognostics. In Brazil, in 2012, the estimate of new cases was 52,680 and the number of registered deaths in 2012 was 12,852. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is known for its role in arterial hypertension and in other cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the key to Ang-(1-7) formation, and counterbalances the ACE1/AngII/AGTR1 axis actions. RAS components have complex interactions with different tissues and their actions are not restricted to the cardiovascular system. Recently, the RAS has been associated with different types of cancers and in particular with gynecological cancers. Objectives: Our aim is to investigate possible associations between allelic distribution of two genetic polymorphisms in the AGTR2 receptor with ACEs 1 and 2 plasma levels among women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with breast cancer were genotyped for two polymorphisms of the AGTR2 (T1247G and A5235G). Genotyping assays (TaqMan) were performed with genomic DNA extracted from blood cells. ACEs plasma level measurements were conducted in women from the breast-cancer group (N = 53). ACEs were measured in the plasma of these patients using ELISA kits. Results: SNPs genotype distribution is correlated with ACEs plasma levels. ACEs plasma levels are also correlated with clinical variables and ACE2 high levels are associated with better prognostics. Conclusions: Changes in circulating levels of ECA1/AngII ECA2/ Ang-(1-7) determine the magnitude of the inflammatory response that an individual can trigger and the variation in ACE 1 and 2 plasma level measurements in the blood of breast cancer patients suggests an association with the process of mammary carcinogenesis. Thus, the RAS may be associated with the process of mammary carcinogenesis by both genotypic variations of RAS components and by circulating levels of ACEs.
文摘目的:探讨血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]对大鼠尿毒症高转性骨病的影响,并阐明其可能的机制。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=6)和实验组(n=24),实验组大鼠采用5/6肾切除术(Platt法)+高磷(P)饮食[1.2%P,1.0%钙(Ca)]制备尿毒症高转化骨病模型,并将建模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、Ang(1-7)组、血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)激活剂二乙酰胺三氮脒(DIZE)组(DIZE组)和Mas受体拮抗剂组(A779组),每组6只。分别于手术后12和18周采用全自动生化分析仪检测各组大鼠血清Ca、P、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)和24 h尿蛋白(UP)水平;免疫化学荧光法测定各组大鼠全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)水平;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠血清骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型胶原N端肽(NTX)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)-5b水平;高分辨率显微CT扫描检测各组大鼠股骨组织的骨密度(BMD)、组织骨密度(TMD)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)和骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)等三维结构参数。Von Kossa染色和吉姆萨染色观察各组大鼠皮质骨及骨小梁病理形态表现,计算骨小梁体积(TBV);荧光显微镜下测定各组大鼠骨矿化率(MAR),并计算成骨细胞指数(OBI)和破骨细胞指数(OCI)。结果:术后12和18周,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠体质量减小(P<0.05);术后12和18周,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠血清中24 h UP、Scr及BUN水平均升高(P<0.05);术后18周,与模型组比较,Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠血清中24 h UP及Scr水平均降低(P<0.05),A779组大鼠血清中24 h UP、Scr和BUN水平均升高(P<0.05)。证实尿毒症高转化骨病大鼠模型构建成功。术后12和18周,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠血清中iPTH、P、OC、NTX及TRAP-5b水平均升高(P<0.05);术后18周,与模型组比较,Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠血清中NTX及TRAP-5b水平均降低(P<0.05),A779组大鼠血清中iPTH、P、NTX和TRAP-5b水平均升高(P<0.05)。高分辨率显微CT扫描检测,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠股骨BMD及TMD均降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠股骨BMD及TMD均升高(P<0.05),A779组大鼠股骨BMD和TMD均降低(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠股骨Tb.Th降低(P<0.05),Tb.Sp升高(P<0.05);Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠股骨Tb.Th升高(P<0.05),而Tb.Sp降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,A779组大鼠股骨Tb.Th降低(P<0.05),而Tb.Sp升高(P<0.05)。骨病理检查,与假手术组比较,模型组、Ang(1-7)组、DIZE组和A779组大鼠股骨TBV均降低(P<0.05),MAR、OBI和OCI均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,Ang(1-7)组和DIZE组大鼠股骨OBI及OCI均降低(P<0.05),TBV升高(P<0.05),而A779组大鼠股骨OBI和OCI均升高(P<0.05),TBV降低(P<0.05)。结论:ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas轴对尿毒症大鼠高转化骨病具有改善作用。
基金Supported by CNPq,No.460334/2014-0FAPEMIG,No.CDS-PPM-00555-15(to Simoes e Silva AC)2016 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant Awardee from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation,No.25414(to Miranda AS)
文摘The renin angiotensin system(RAS) is classically conceived as a circulating hormonal system involved in blood pressure control and hydroelectrolyte balance. The discovery that RAS components are locally expressed in a wide range of organs and tissues,including the liver,pointed to a role for this system in the pathogenesis of several conditions including hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. It has been widely reported that the classical RAS axis composed by the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)-angiotensin(Ang) Ⅱ-Ang type 1(AT1) receptor mediates pro-inflammatory,pro-thrombotic,and pro-fibrotic processes. On the other hand,the alternative axis comprising ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor seems to play a protective role by frequently opposing Ang Ⅱ action. Chronic hepatitis B(CHB) is one of the leading causes of liver fibrosis,accounting for the death of nearly one million people worldwide. Liver fibrosis is a key factor to determine therapeutic interventions for patients with CHB. However,the establishment of non-invasive and accurate methods to detect reversible stages of liver fibrosis is still a challenge. In an elegant study published in the 36 th issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Noguchi et al showed the predictive value of serum ACE levels in detecting not only advanced stages of liver fibrosis but also initial and intermediate fibrotic stages. The serum levels of ACE might represent an accurate,non-invasive,widely available,and easy method to evaluate fibrosis related to CHB. Moreover,therapies involving the inhibition of the classical RAS axis components might be promising in the control of CHB-related liver fibrosis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81102692)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.JX6B09)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2015QN203)
文摘Summary： In order to investigate whether Yinchenhao decoction （YCHD） attenuates hepatic fibro- genesis in the bile duct ligation （BDL） model via recovering and restoring the self-regulation and bal- ance of the renin-angiotensin system （RAS）, 33 specific-pathogen-free （SPF） male Sprague-Dawley rats with common BDL and scission were randomly divided into five groups as follows： G1, the sham group （n=4）; G2, BDL 7-day group （n=5）; G3, BDL＋YCHD 430 mg/mL （n=8）; G4, BDL＋losartan 0.65 mg/mL （ARB group, n=8）; G5, model group （BDL without any treatment, n=8）. YCHD and losartan （10 mL.kgl.day-1） were given by gastric gavage for 16 days following BDL in G3 and G4 groups, respec- tively. The effect of YCHD on liver fibrosis and the detailed molecular mechanisms were assessed by liver function including total bilirubin （TBIL）, direct bilirubin （DBIL）, indirect bilirubin （IDBIL）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）. Histological changes were ob-. served by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and Masson trichrome staining. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of the renin-angiotensin system （RAS） components in- cluding angiotensin converting enzyme （ACE）, angiotensin II type 1 receptor （AT1R）, ACE2, angio- tensin II （Ang II） as well as transforming growth factor 131 （TGF131）. The experimental data were ana- lyzed by principle component analytical method of pattern recognition. The results showed that bio- chemically, serum TBIL, DBIL, IDBIL, ALT and AST levels were markedly increased following BDL as compared with the sham group （P〈0.05）. Serum TBIL, IDBIL and DBIL levels in G3 group were dramatically decreased as compared with G5 and G4 groups （P〈0.05）. Serum AST level in G3 was sig- nificantly lowered than in G5 group （P〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference in ALT among G3, G4 and G5 groups （P〉0.05）. Histologically, livers in G3 group showed less hepatocytes necrosis, less bile duct hyperplasia and less collagen formation than in G4 and G5 groups. The protein expression lev- els of ACE2, ACE, Ang II, AT1R and TGF131 in G2, G3 and G4 groups were significantly higher than in sham group （P〈0.05）, and lower than in G5 group （P〈0.05）. However, the differences among G2, G3 and G4 groups were not significant （P〉0.05）. ACE2 protein expression in G3 group was significantly higher than in G2 group （P〈0.05） and there was no significant difference in comparison with G4 group （P〉0.05）. Moreover, the protein expression of TGF131 in G3 group was significantly lower than in G5 and G4 groups （P〈0.05）. Our findings suggest that the antifibrotic effects of YCHD may be associated with the decreased classical RAS pathway components and TGFI31 downexpression so as to recover and rebuild self-regulation of the RAS by elevating the protein expression of ACE2.
基金Supported by Fundacode Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, FAPEMIG/CNPQ-PRONEX (Grupos de Excelência),Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia/CNPq/ FAPEMIG-INCT-Nano-Biofar
文摘AIM： To measure circulating angiotensins at different stages of human cirrhosis and to further evaluate a possible relationship between renin angiotensin system （RAS） components and hemodynamic changes. METHODS： Patients were allocated into 4 groups： mild-to-moderate liver disease （MLD）, advanced liver disease （ALD）, patients undergoing liver transplantation, and healthy controls. Blood was collected to determine plasma renin activity （PRA）, angiotensin （Ang） Ⅰ, Ang Ⅱ, and Ang-（1-7） levels using radioimmunoassays. During liver transplantation, hemodynamic parameters were determined and blood was simultaneously obtained from the portal vein and radial artery in order to measure RAS components. RESULTS： PRA and angiotensins were elevated in ALD when compared to MLD and controls （P 〈 0.05）. In contrast, Ang Ⅱ was significantly reduced in MLD. Ang-（1-7）/Ang Ⅱ ratios were increased in MLD when compared to controls and ALD. During transplantation, Ang Ⅱ levels were lower and Ang-（1-7）/Ang Ⅱ ratios were higher in the splanchnic circulation than in the peripheral circulation （0.52 ± 0.08 vs 0.38 ±0.04, P 〈 0.02）, whereas the peripheral circulating Ang Ⅱ/Ang Ⅰ ratio was elevated in comparison to splanchnic levels （0.18 ±0.02 vs 0.13 ±0.02, P 〈 0.04）. Ang-（1-7）/ Ang Ⅱ ratios positively correlated with cardiac output （r = 0.66） and negatively correlated with systemic vascular resistance （r = -0.70）. CONCLUSION： Our findings suggest that the relationship between Ang-（1-7） and Ang Ⅱ may play a role in the hemodynamic changes of human cirrhosis.
文摘目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)对血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)和细胞外基质激酶(ERK)1/2磷酸化水平及细胞增殖的影响。方法荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达;将载有ACE2基因慢病毒表达载体(Lentiviral-ACE2)以感染复数为10(MOI=10)感染平滑肌细胞不同时间(24、48、72、96 h);采用CCK-8法检测平滑肌细胞增殖;Western blot检测ACE2、AT1R及ERK1/2磷酸化水平。结果目的蛋白GFP表达量明显增加,慢病毒ACE2的表达量成时间依赖性增加,并且在96 h时蛋白表达量较对照组和空载体组明显升高,(1.22±0.06 vs 0.53±0.03和0.53±0.09,P<0.05,n=4);AngⅡ(10-7 mol·L-1)可以促进平滑肌细胞的增殖,ACE2能够抑制AngⅡ诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖(0.53±0.10 vs 0.68±0.03,P<0.05,n=5);AngⅡ(10-7mol·L-1)作用平滑肌细胞12 h后AT1R明显上调,同时ACE2明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的AT1R的上调(0.34±0.01 vs 0.73±0.07,P<0.05,n=4);ACE2能够明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的ERK1/2的磷酸化水平(0.43±0.06 vs 0.71±0.08,P<0.05,n=4)。结论 ACE2可以通过下调AT1R和/及ERK1/2的磷酸化水平而抑制平滑肌增殖,提示ACE2的过表达具有血管保护作用。
