The optical properties of N,N’-bis (Inaphthyl)N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) organic materials used as hole transport and electron transport layers i...The optical properties of N,N’-bis (Inaphthyl)N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) organic materials used as hole transport and electron transport layers in organic light-emitting devices (OLED) have been investigated. The NPB and Alq3 layers were prepared using thermal evaporation method. The results show that the energy band gap of Alq3 is thickness independence while the energy band gap of NPB decreases with the increasing of sample thickness. For the case of photoluminescence the Alq3 with thickness of 84 nm shows the highest relative intensity peak at 510 nm.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effect of the aluminum hydroxide （Al-OH） adjuvant on the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 （pH1N1） vaccine. Methods In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, part...Objective To evaluate the effect of the aluminum hydroxide （Al-OH） adjuvant on the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 （pH1N1） vaccine. Methods In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, participants received two doses of split-virion formulation containing 15 ug hemagglutinin antigen, with or without aluminum hydroxide （N-OH）. We classified the participants into six age categories （〉61 years, 41-60 years, 19-40 years, 13-18 years, 8-12 years, and 3-7 years） and obtained four blood samples from each participant on days 0, 21, 35, and 42 following the first dose of immunization. We assessed vaccine immunogenicity by measuring the geometric mean titer （GMT） of hemagglutination inhibiting antibody. We used a two-level model to evaluate the fixed effect of aluminum Al-OH and other factors, accounting for repeated measures. Results The predictions of repeated measurement on GMTs of formulations with or without Al-OH, were 80.35 and 112.72, respectively. Al-OH significantly reduced immunogenicity after controlling for time post immunization, age-group and gender. Conclusion The Al-OH adjuvant does not increase but actually reduces the immunogenicity of the split-virion pH1N1 vaccine.展开更多
Bulk Acoustic Wave(BAW)filters find applications in radio frequency(RF)communication systems for Wi-Fi,3G,4G,and 5G networks.In the beyond-5G(potential 6G)era,high-frequency bands(>8 GHz)are expected to require res...Bulk Acoustic Wave(BAW)filters find applications in radio frequency(RF)communication systems for Wi-Fi,3G,4G,and 5G networks.In the beyond-5G(potential 6G)era,high-frequency bands(>8 GHz)are expected to require resonators with high-quality factor(Q)and electromechanical coupling(k_(t)^(2))to form filters with low insertion loss and high selectivity.However,both the Q and k_(t)^(2)of resonator devices formed in traditional uniform polarization piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride(AlN)and aluminum scandium nitride(AlScN)decrease when scaled beyond 8 GHz.In this work,we utilized 4-layer AlScN periodically poled piezoelectric films(P3F)to construct high-frequency(~17–18 GHz)resonators and filters.The resonator performance is studied over a range of device geometries,with the best resonator achieving a k_(t)^(2)of 11.8%and a Qp of 236.6 at the parallel resonance frequency(f_(p))of 17.9 GHz.These resulting figures-of-merit are(FoM_(1)=k_(t)^(2)Qp and FoM_(2)=f_(p)FoM_(1)×10^(-9))27.9 and 500,respectively.These and the k_(t)^(2)are significantly higher than previously reported AlN/AlScN-based resonators operating at similar frequencies.Fabricated 3-element and 6-element filters formed from these resonators demonstrated low insertion losses(IL)of 1.86 and 3.25 dB,and−3 dB bandwidths(BW)of 680 MHz(fractional BW of 3.9%)and 590 MHz(fractional BW of 3.3%)at a~17.4 GHz center frequency.The 3-element and 6-element filters achieved excellent linearity with in-band input third-order intercept point(IIP3)values of+36 and+40 dBm,respectively,which are significantly higher than previously reported acoustic filters operating at similar frequencies.展开更多
B2CN precursor is prepared by a mechanical vibration-milling process using amorphous boron, graphite and h-BN powders with mole ratio of 1：1：1. A mixture of precursor and Ca3B2N4 catalyst is treated under high press...B2CN precursor is prepared by a mechanical vibration-milling process using amorphous boron, graphite and h-BN powders with mole ratio of 1：1：1. A mixture of precursor and Ca3B2N4 catalyst is treated under high pressure and high temperature. A boron rich cubic B（CxN1-x） phase is obtained after removing the catalyst by acid treatment. The average C content of the boron-rich cubic phase is about 6 at.% detected by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis spectroscopy. It is found that the highest carbon content in the cubic phase is as large as 16 at.%.展开更多
目的研究慢性铝暴露对脑皮质与外周血淋巴细胞N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1(NMDAR1)的影响,探讨外周血淋巴细胞NMDAR1作为外周血中铝暴露生物标志物的可能性。方法选取2月龄健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠32只,按体重随机分为空白组和铝低、中、高剂量...目的研究慢性铝暴露对脑皮质与外周血淋巴细胞N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1(NMDAR1)的影响,探讨外周血淋巴细胞NMDAR1作为外周血中铝暴露生物标志物的可能性。方法选取2月龄健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠32只,按体重随机分为空白组和铝低、中、高剂量组,空白组饮用自来水,铝低、中、高剂量组分别给予20、120、720 mg/L Al Cl3饮水,大鼠每日饮水约10 m L/100 g,连续染毒360 d。染毒结束,采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定血浆铝和脑铝含量,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)测定脑皮质与外周血淋巴细胞中NMDAR1基因相对表达量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定脑皮质和外周血淋巴细胞中NMDAR1蛋白含量。结果对照组及铝低、中、高剂量组血浆铝含量分别为69.88、83.10、87.06和134.60μg/L,铝低、中、高剂量组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑铝含量分别为0.065、0.102、0.139和0.228μg/mg,铝低、中、高剂量组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NMDAR1基因表达随铝剂量升高呈下降趋势,脑皮质基因相对表达量铝中、高剂量组低于对照组(P<0.05);外周血淋巴细胞NMDAR1基因表达铝中、高剂量组低于铝低剂量组和对照组(P<0.05),铝中、高剂量组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.167)。脑皮质NMDAR1蛋白含量铝高剂量组低于对照组、铝低剂量组(P<0.05);铝中剂量组低于对照组(P<0.05);淋巴细胞NMDAR1蛋白含量铝高剂量组低于对照组、铝低剂量组(P<0.05),与铝中剂量组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.159)。结论慢性铝暴露可影响大鼠脑皮质与外周血淋巴细胞NMDAR1基因相对表达量和蛋白表达,随铝剂量的增加基因相对表达量和蛋白表达下降,可将NMDAR1作为铝暴露外周生物标志物进一步研究。展开更多
目的探讨亚慢性染铝对大鼠海马中神经连接蛋白1(NL1)与N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)结合的影响,以及相关结合对大鼠长时程增强(LTP)的影响。方法取无特定病原体级健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、溶剂对照组和低、中、高剂量组,每...目的探讨亚慢性染铝对大鼠海马中神经连接蛋白1(NL1)与N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)结合的影响,以及相关结合对大鼠长时程增强(LTP)的影响。方法取无特定病原体级健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、溶剂对照组和低、中、高剂量组,每组18只。空白对照组大鼠不予任何处理,溶剂对照组大鼠予剂量为1 m L/kg体质量的0.9%氯化钠溶液,低、中、高剂量组大鼠分别予质量浓度为0.41、0.81和1.62 mg/kg体质量的麦芽酚铝溶液,隔日腹腔注射,分别染毒1、2和3个月。染毒结束后,进行大鼠海马CA1区在体LTP测定;取大鼠海马,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铝水平,采用免疫共沉淀和免疫印迹法测定与NL1结合的NMDAR1、NMDAR2B蛋白相对表达水平。结果溶剂对照组和低、中、高剂量组大鼠LTP均低于空白对照组(P<0.01);高剂量组大鼠LTP分别低于溶剂对照组和低、中剂量组(P<0.05)。低、中、高剂量组大鼠海马中铝水平均高于空白对照组和溶剂对照组(P<0.01)。各剂量组各时间点大鼠海马中与NL1结合的NMDAR1、NMDAR2B蛋白相对表达水平均低于同时间点空白对照组和溶剂对照组(P<0.01)。各剂量组2个月时间点的大鼠海马中与NL1结合的NMDAR1、NMDAR2B蛋白相对表达水平均低于同剂量组1个月时间点(P<0.01)。各剂量组3个月时间点大鼠海马中与NL1结合的NMDAR1和NMDAR2B蛋白相对表达水平均低于同剂量组1、2个月时间点(P<0.01)。结论麦芽酚铝可阻碍大鼠海马中NL1与NMDAR1和NMDAR2B的正常结合,进而影响NMDAR1和NMDAR2B对LTP的调节使其幅值下降,导致学习记忆损伤。展开更多
Aluminum nitride （AlN） thin films with high c-axis orientation have been prepared on a glass substrate with an Al bottom electrode by radio frequency （RF） reactive magnetron sputtering. Based on the analysis of B...Aluminum nitride （AlN） thin films with high c-axis orientation have been prepared on a glass substrate with an Al bottom electrode by radio frequency （RF） reactive magnetron sputtering. Based on the analysis of Berg＇s hysteresis model, the improved sputtering system is realized without a hysteresis effect. A new control method for rapidly depositing highly c-axis oriented AlN thin films is proposed. The N2 concentration could be controlled by observing the changes in cathode voltage, to realize the optimum processing condition where the target could be fixed stably in the transition region, and both stoichiometric film composition and a high deposition rate could be obtained. Under a 500 W RF power of a target with a 6 cm diameter, a substrate temperature of 450 ℃, a target-substrate distance of 60 mm and a N2 concentration of 25%, AlN thin film with preferential （002） orientation was deposited at 2.3 μm/h which is a much higher rate than previously achieved. Through X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, the full width at half maximum （FWHM） of AlN （002） was shown to be about 0.28°, which shows the good crystallinity and crystal orientation of AlN thin film. With other parameters held constant, any increase or decrease in N2 concentration results in an increase in the FWHM of AlN.展开更多
文摘The optical properties of N,N’-bis (Inaphthyl)N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (NPB) and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) organic materials used as hole transport and electron transport layers in organic light-emitting devices (OLED) have been investigated. The NPB and Alq3 layers were prepared using thermal evaporation method. The results show that the energy band gap of Alq3 is thickness independence while the energy band gap of NPB decreases with the increasing of sample thickness. For the case of photoluminescence the Alq3 with thickness of 84 nm shows the highest relative intensity peak at 510 nm.
基金supported by the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Major Research plan from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China-the Platform of Construction of Clinical Trial of Vaccine. (Project number 2009ZX0004-806)
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of the aluminum hydroxide （Al-OH） adjuvant on the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 （pH1N1） vaccine. Methods In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, participants received two doses of split-virion formulation containing 15 ug hemagglutinin antigen, with or without aluminum hydroxide （N-OH）. We classified the participants into six age categories （〉61 years, 41-60 years, 19-40 years, 13-18 years, 8-12 years, and 3-7 years） and obtained four blood samples from each participant on days 0, 21, 35, and 42 following the first dose of immunization. We assessed vaccine immunogenicity by measuring the geometric mean titer （GMT） of hemagglutination inhibiting antibody. We used a two-level model to evaluate the fixed effect of aluminum Al-OH and other factors, accounting for repeated measures. Results The predictions of repeated measurement on GMTs of formulations with or without Al-OH, were 80.35 and 112.72, respectively. Al-OH significantly reduced immunogenicity after controlling for time post immunization, age-group and gender. Conclusion The Al-OH adjuvant does not increase but actually reduces the immunogenicity of the split-virion pH1N1 vaccine.
文摘Bulk Acoustic Wave(BAW)filters find applications in radio frequency(RF)communication systems for Wi-Fi,3G,4G,and 5G networks.In the beyond-5G(potential 6G)era,high-frequency bands(>8 GHz)are expected to require resonators with high-quality factor(Q)and electromechanical coupling(k_(t)^(2))to form filters with low insertion loss and high selectivity.However,both the Q and k_(t)^(2)of resonator devices formed in traditional uniform polarization piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride(AlN)and aluminum scandium nitride(AlScN)decrease when scaled beyond 8 GHz.In this work,we utilized 4-layer AlScN periodically poled piezoelectric films(P3F)to construct high-frequency(~17–18 GHz)resonators and filters.The resonator performance is studied over a range of device geometries,with the best resonator achieving a k_(t)^(2)of 11.8%and a Qp of 236.6 at the parallel resonance frequency(f_(p))of 17.9 GHz.These resulting figures-of-merit are(FoM_(1)=k_(t)^(2)Qp and FoM_(2)=f_(p)FoM_(1)×10^(-9))27.9 and 500,respectively.These and the k_(t)^(2)are significantly higher than previously reported AlN/AlScN-based resonators operating at similar frequencies.Fabricated 3-element and 6-element filters formed from these resonators demonstrated low insertion losses(IL)of 1.86 and 3.25 dB,and−3 dB bandwidths(BW)of 680 MHz(fractional BW of 3.9%)and 590 MHz(fractional BW of 3.3%)at a~17.4 GHz center frequency.The 3-element and 6-element filters achieved excellent linearity with in-band input third-order intercept point(IIP3)values of+36 and+40 dBm,respectively,which are significantly higher than previously reported acoustic filters operating at similar frequencies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 50225207, 50372055 and 50472051, and the National Basic Research Programme of China under Grant No 2005CB724400.
文摘B2CN precursor is prepared by a mechanical vibration-milling process using amorphous boron, graphite and h-BN powders with mole ratio of 1：1：1. A mixture of precursor and Ca3B2N4 catalyst is treated under high pressure and high temperature. A boron rich cubic B（CxN1-x） phase is obtained after removing the catalyst by acid treatment. The average C content of the boron-rich cubic phase is about 6 at.% detected by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis spectroscopy. It is found that the highest carbon content in the cubic phase is as large as 16 at.%.
文摘目的研究慢性铝暴露对脑皮质与外周血淋巴细胞N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体1(NMDAR1)的影响,探讨外周血淋巴细胞NMDAR1作为外周血中铝暴露生物标志物的可能性。方法选取2月龄健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠32只,按体重随机分为空白组和铝低、中、高剂量组,空白组饮用自来水,铝低、中、高剂量组分别给予20、120、720 mg/L Al Cl3饮水,大鼠每日饮水约10 m L/100 g,连续染毒360 d。染毒结束,采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定血浆铝和脑铝含量,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)测定脑皮质与外周血淋巴细胞中NMDAR1基因相对表达量,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定脑皮质和外周血淋巴细胞中NMDAR1蛋白含量。结果对照组及铝低、中、高剂量组血浆铝含量分别为69.88、83.10、87.06和134.60μg/L,铝低、中、高剂量组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑铝含量分别为0.065、0.102、0.139和0.228μg/mg,铝低、中、高剂量组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NMDAR1基因表达随铝剂量升高呈下降趋势,脑皮质基因相对表达量铝中、高剂量组低于对照组(P<0.05);外周血淋巴细胞NMDAR1基因表达铝中、高剂量组低于铝低剂量组和对照组(P<0.05),铝中、高剂量组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.167)。脑皮质NMDAR1蛋白含量铝高剂量组低于对照组、铝低剂量组(P<0.05);铝中剂量组低于对照组(P<0.05);淋巴细胞NMDAR1蛋白含量铝高剂量组低于对照组、铝低剂量组(P<0.05),与铝中剂量组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.159)。结论慢性铝暴露可影响大鼠脑皮质与外周血淋巴细胞NMDAR1基因相对表达量和蛋白表达,随铝剂量的增加基因相对表达量和蛋白表达下降,可将NMDAR1作为铝暴露外周生物标志物进一步研究。
文摘目的探讨亚慢性染铝对大鼠海马中神经连接蛋白1(NL1)与N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)结合的影响,以及相关结合对大鼠长时程增强(LTP)的影响。方法取无特定病原体级健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、溶剂对照组和低、中、高剂量组,每组18只。空白对照组大鼠不予任何处理,溶剂对照组大鼠予剂量为1 m L/kg体质量的0.9%氯化钠溶液,低、中、高剂量组大鼠分别予质量浓度为0.41、0.81和1.62 mg/kg体质量的麦芽酚铝溶液,隔日腹腔注射,分别染毒1、2和3个月。染毒结束后,进行大鼠海马CA1区在体LTP测定;取大鼠海马,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铝水平,采用免疫共沉淀和免疫印迹法测定与NL1结合的NMDAR1、NMDAR2B蛋白相对表达水平。结果溶剂对照组和低、中、高剂量组大鼠LTP均低于空白对照组(P<0.01);高剂量组大鼠LTP分别低于溶剂对照组和低、中剂量组(P<0.05)。低、中、高剂量组大鼠海马中铝水平均高于空白对照组和溶剂对照组(P<0.01)。各剂量组各时间点大鼠海马中与NL1结合的NMDAR1、NMDAR2B蛋白相对表达水平均低于同时间点空白对照组和溶剂对照组(P<0.01)。各剂量组2个月时间点的大鼠海马中与NL1结合的NMDAR1、NMDAR2B蛋白相对表达水平均低于同剂量组1个月时间点(P<0.01)。各剂量组3个月时间点大鼠海马中与NL1结合的NMDAR1和NMDAR2B蛋白相对表达水平均低于同剂量组1、2个月时间点(P<0.01)。结论麦芽酚铝可阻碍大鼠海马中NL1与NMDAR1和NMDAR2B的正常结合,进而影响NMDAR1和NMDAR2B对LTP的调节使其幅值下降,导致学习记忆损伤。
文摘Aluminum nitride （AlN） thin films with high c-axis orientation have been prepared on a glass substrate with an Al bottom electrode by radio frequency （RF） reactive magnetron sputtering. Based on the analysis of Berg＇s hysteresis model, the improved sputtering system is realized without a hysteresis effect. A new control method for rapidly depositing highly c-axis oriented AlN thin films is proposed. The N2 concentration could be controlled by observing the changes in cathode voltage, to realize the optimum processing condition where the target could be fixed stably in the transition region, and both stoichiometric film composition and a high deposition rate could be obtained. Under a 500 W RF power of a target with a 6 cm diameter, a substrate temperature of 450 ℃, a target-substrate distance of 60 mm and a N2 concentration of 25%, AlN thin film with preferential （002） orientation was deposited at 2.3 μm/h which is a much higher rate than previously achieved. Through X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, the full width at half maximum （FWHM） of AlN （002） was shown to be about 0.28°, which shows the good crystallinity and crystal orientation of AlN thin film. With other parameters held constant, any increase or decrease in N2 concentration results in an increase in the FWHM of AlN.
