This study investigated the correlations between mechanical properties and mineralogy of granite using the digital image processing(DIP) and discrete element method(DEM). The results showed that the X-ray diffraction(...This study investigated the correlations between mechanical properties and mineralogy of granite using the digital image processing(DIP) and discrete element method(DEM). The results showed that the X-ray diffraction(XRD)-based DIP method effectively analyzed the mineral composition contents and spatial distributions of granite. During the particle flow code(PFC2D) model calibration phase, the numerical simulation exhibited that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) value, elastic modulus(E), and failure pattern of the granite specimen in the UCS test were comparable to the experiment. By establishing 351 sets of numerical models and exploring the impacts of mineral composition on the mechanical properties of granite, it indicated that there was no negative correlation between quartz and feldspar for UCS, tensile strength(σ_(t)), and E. In contrast, mica had a significant negative correlation for UCS, σ_(t), and E. The presence of quartz increased the brittleness of granite, whereas the presence of mica and feldspar increased its ductility in UCS and direct tensile strength(DTS) tests. Varying contents of major mineral compositions in granite showed minor influence on the number of cracks in both UCS and DTS tests.展开更多
Although hazelnut oil is rich in nutrients,its quality is greatly affected by how it is processed.However,no studies to date have comprehensively analyzed the lipid composition of hazelnut oil using different processi...Although hazelnut oil is rich in nutrients,its quality is greatly affected by how it is processed.However,no studies to date have comprehensively analyzed the lipid composition of hazelnut oil using different processing methods.Here,we conducted a lipidomics analysis using UPLC-QTOF-MS to characterize the lipid composition of cold-pressed hazelnut oil(CPO),ultrasonic-assisted hexane hazelnut oil(UHO)and enzyme-assisted aqueous hazelnut oil(EAO).A total of 10 subclasses of 98 lipids were identified,including35 glycerolipids(GLs),56 glycerophospholipids(GPs)and 7 sphingolipids(SPs).The total lipid and GL content were the highest in CPO,GP content was the highest in UHO and the ceramide content in SPs was most abundant in EAO.Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the lipid profiles of hazelnut oil prepared with different processing methods varied.Twelve significantly different lipids(TAG 54:3,TAG 52:2,TAG54:4,TAG 54:2,TAG 52:3,TAG 54:5,DAG 36:2,DAG 36:4,DAG 36:3,PC 36:2,PA 36:2 and PE 36:3)were identified,and these lipids could potentially be used as biomarkers to distinguish between hazelnut oil subjected to different processing methods.Our results provide useful information for hazelnut oil applications and new insight into the effects of edible oil processing.展开更多
To investigate the thermal stability of ceramic-matrix composites,three kinds of C/C−ZrC−SiC composites with different Zr/Si molar ratios were synthesized by reactive melt infiltration.Employing region labeling method...To investigate the thermal stability of ceramic-matrix composites,three kinds of C/C−ZrC−SiC composites with different Zr/Si molar ratios were synthesized by reactive melt infiltration.Employing region labeling method,the high-temperature thermal stability of the composites was systematically studied by changing the temperature and holding time of thermal treatment.Results show that the mass loss rate of low Si composites has a growth trend with increasing temperature,and a crystal transformation from β-SiC toα-SiC occurs in the composites.In the calibrated area,SiC phase experiences Ostwald ripening and volume change with location migration,while ZrC phase experiences a re-sintering process with diffusion.Moreover,it is found that increasing temperature has a more obvious effect on the thermal stability than extending holding time,which is mainly attributed to the faster diffusion rate of atoms.展开更多
There are two types of methods for image segmentation.One is traditional image processing methods,which are sensitive to details and boundaries,yet fail to recognize semantic information.The other is deep learning met...There are two types of methods for image segmentation.One is traditional image processing methods,which are sensitive to details and boundaries,yet fail to recognize semantic information.The other is deep learning methods,which can locate and identify different objects,but boundary identifications are not accurate enough.Both of them cannot generate entire segmentation information.In order to obtain accurate edge detection and semantic information,an Adaptive Boundary and Semantic Composite Segmentation method(ABSCS)is proposed.This method can precisely semantic segment individual objects in large-size aerial images with limited GPU performances.It includes adaptively dividing and modifying the aerial images with the proposed principles and methods,using the deep learning method to semantic segment and preprocess the small divided pieces,using three traditional methods to segment and preprocess original-size aerial images,adaptively selecting traditional results tomodify the boundaries of individual objects in deep learning results,and combining the results of different objects.Individual object semantic segmentation experiments are conducted by using the AeroScapes dataset,and their results are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve more promising object boundaries than the original deep learning method.This work also demonstrates the advantages of the proposed method in applications of point cloud semantic segmentation and image inpainting.展开更多
According to a mathematical model which describes the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials, and the consolidation of the composites, t...According to a mathematical model which describes the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials, and the consolidation of the composites, the solution method to the model is made and a computer code is developed, which for flat-plate composites cured by a specified cure cycle, provides the variation of temperature distribution, the cure reaction process in the resin, the resin flow and fibers stress inside the composite, the void variation and the residual stress distribution.展开更多
A mathematical model is made which describes the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials, and the consolidation of the composite is devel...A mathematical model is made which describes the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials, and the consolidation of the composite is developed. The model provides the variation of temperature distribution, the cure reaction process in the resin, the resin flow and fibers stress inside the composite, and the void variation and the residual stress distribution. It can be used to illustrate the mechanism of curing process and optimize the cure cycle of composite material in order to ensure the quality of a product.展开更多
Intermetallic formation in sludge during magnesium(Mg)melting,holding and high pressure die casting practices is a very important issue.But,very often it is overlooked by academia,original equipment manufacturers(OEM)...Intermetallic formation in sludge during magnesium(Mg)melting,holding and high pressure die casting practices is a very important issue.But,very often it is overlooked by academia,original equipment manufacturers(OEM),metal ingot producers and even die casters.The aim of this study was to minimize the intermetallic formation in Mg sludge via the optimization of the chemistry and process parameters.The Al8Mn5 intermetallic particles were identified by the microstructure analysis based on the Al and Mn ratio.The design of experiment(DOE)technique,Taguchi method,was employed to minimize the intermetallic formation in the sludge of Mg alloys with various chemical compositions of Al,Mn,Fe,and different process parameters,holding temperature and holding time.The sludge yield(SY)and intermetallic size(IS)was selected as two responses.The optimum combination of the levels in terms of minimizing the intermetallic formation were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,690℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 30 mins for the holding time,respectively.The best combination for smallest intermetallic size were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,630℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 60 mins for the holding time,respectively.Three groups of sludge factors,Chemical Sludge(CSF),Physical Sludge(PSF)and Comprehensive Sludge Factors(and CPSF)were established for prediction of sludge yields and intermetallic sizes in Al-containing Mg alloys.The CPSF with five independent variables including both chemical elements and process parameters gave high accuracy in prediction,as the prediction of the PSF with only the two processing parameters of the melt holding temperature and time showed a relatively large deviation from the experimental data.The Chemical Sludge Factor was primarily designed for small ingot producers and die casters with a limited melting and holding capacity,of which process parameters could be fixed easily.The Physical Sludge Factor could be used for mass production with a single type of Mg alloy,in which the chemistry fluctuation might be negligible.In large Mg casting suppliers with multiple melting and holding furnaces and a number of Mg alloys in production,the Comprehensive Sludge Factor should be implemented to diminish the sludge formation.展开更多
Atractylodis Rhizoma,a traditional Chinese medicine with an extensive history of treating gastrointestinal disorders and other diseases,undergoes various processing methods in China to enhance its therapeutic efficacy...Atractylodis Rhizoma,a traditional Chinese medicine with an extensive history of treating gastrointestinal disorders and other diseases,undergoes various processing methods in China to enhance its therapeutic efficacy for specific conditions.However,a comprehensive report detailing the changes in chemical composition and pharmacological effects due to these processing methods is currently lacking.This article provides a systematic review of the commonly employed processing techniques for Atractylodis Rhizoma,including raw Atractylodis Rhizoma(SCZ),bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma(FCZ),deep-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma(JCZ),and rice water-processed Atractylodis Rhizoma(MCZ).It examines the alterations in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities resulting from these processes and elucidates the mechanisms of action of the primary components in the various processed forms of Atractylodis Rhizoma in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.展开更多
A356alloy was used as the base metal to produce boron carbide(B4C)/A356composites using friction stir processing(FSP).The microstructural and mechanical properties of B4C/A356composites were optimized using artificial...A356alloy was used as the base metal to produce boron carbide(B4C)/A356composites using friction stir processing(FSP).The microstructural and mechanical properties of B4C/A356composites were optimized using artificial neural network(ANN)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II).Firstly,microstructural properties of the composites fabricated in different processing conditions were investigated.Results show that FSP parameters such as rotational speed,traverse speed and tool pin profile significantly affect the size of the primary silicon(Si)particles of the base metal,as well as the dispersion quality and volume fraction of reinforcing B4C particles in the composite layer.Higher rotational to traverse speeds ratio accompanied by threaded pin profile leads to better particles distribution,finer Si particles and smaller B4C agglomerations.Secondly,hardness and tensile tests were performed to study mechanical properties of the composites.FSP changes the fracture mechanism from brittle form in the as-received metal to very ductile form in the FSPed specimens.Then,a relation between the FSP parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties of the composites was established using ANN.A modified NSGA-II by incorporating diversity preserving mechanism called theεelimination algorithm was employed to obtain the Pareto-optimal set of FSP parameters.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the Department of Mining Engineering at the University of Utah.In addition,the lead author wishes to acknowledge the financial support received from the Talent Introduction Project,part of the Elite Program of Shandong University of Science and Technology(No.0104060540171).
文摘This study investigated the correlations between mechanical properties and mineralogy of granite using the digital image processing(DIP) and discrete element method(DEM). The results showed that the X-ray diffraction(XRD)-based DIP method effectively analyzed the mineral composition contents and spatial distributions of granite. During the particle flow code(PFC2D) model calibration phase, the numerical simulation exhibited that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) value, elastic modulus(E), and failure pattern of the granite specimen in the UCS test were comparable to the experiment. By establishing 351 sets of numerical models and exploring the impacts of mineral composition on the mechanical properties of granite, it indicated that there was no negative correlation between quartz and feldspar for UCS, tensile strength(σ_(t)), and E. In contrast, mica had a significant negative correlation for UCS, σ_(t), and E. The presence of quartz increased the brittleness of granite, whereas the presence of mica and feldspar increased its ductility in UCS and direct tensile strength(DTS) tests. Varying contents of major mineral compositions in granite showed minor influence on the number of cracks in both UCS and DTS tests.
基金supported by Key R&D Project of Liaoning Province,under Grant Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Deep Processing and Comprehensive Utilization of Northeast Hazelnuts(2020JH2/10200037)Service Local Project of Liaoning Province,under Grant Demonstration and Promotion of new deep-processing technology for comprehensive utilization of Northeast Hazelnuts(LSNFW201903)horizontal subject,under Grant Demonstration and Promotion of key technologies for transformation and deep processing of wild hazelnut forest in northwestern Liaoning(H2019388)。
文摘Although hazelnut oil is rich in nutrients,its quality is greatly affected by how it is processed.However,no studies to date have comprehensively analyzed the lipid composition of hazelnut oil using different processing methods.Here,we conducted a lipidomics analysis using UPLC-QTOF-MS to characterize the lipid composition of cold-pressed hazelnut oil(CPO),ultrasonic-assisted hexane hazelnut oil(UHO)and enzyme-assisted aqueous hazelnut oil(EAO).A total of 10 subclasses of 98 lipids were identified,including35 glycerolipids(GLs),56 glycerophospholipids(GPs)and 7 sphingolipids(SPs).The total lipid and GL content were the highest in CPO,GP content was the highest in UHO and the ceramide content in SPs was most abundant in EAO.Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the lipid profiles of hazelnut oil prepared with different processing methods varied.Twelve significantly different lipids(TAG 54:3,TAG 52:2,TAG54:4,TAG 54:2,TAG 52:3,TAG 54:5,DAG 36:2,DAG 36:4,DAG 36:3,PC 36:2,PA 36:2 and PE 36:3)were identified,and these lipids could potentially be used as biomarkers to distinguish between hazelnut oil subjected to different processing methods.Our results provide useful information for hazelnut oil applications and new insight into the effects of edible oil processing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U19A2099)the CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials,China(No.KLCMKFJJ2005)the Fund of Aerospace Research Institute of Material and Processing Technology,China(No.6142906200108).
文摘To investigate the thermal stability of ceramic-matrix composites,three kinds of C/C−ZrC−SiC composites with different Zr/Si molar ratios were synthesized by reactive melt infiltration.Employing region labeling method,the high-temperature thermal stability of the composites was systematically studied by changing the temperature and holding time of thermal treatment.Results show that the mass loss rate of low Si composites has a growth trend with increasing temperature,and a crystal transformation from β-SiC toα-SiC occurs in the composites.In the calibrated area,SiC phase experiences Ostwald ripening and volume change with location migration,while ZrC phase experiences a re-sintering process with diffusion.Moreover,it is found that increasing temperature has a more obvious effect on the thermal stability than extending holding time,which is mainly attributed to the faster diffusion rate of atoms.
基金funded in part by the Equipment Pre-Research Foundation of China,Grant No.61400010203in part by the Independent Project of the State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems.
文摘There are two types of methods for image segmentation.One is traditional image processing methods,which are sensitive to details and boundaries,yet fail to recognize semantic information.The other is deep learning methods,which can locate and identify different objects,but boundary identifications are not accurate enough.Both of them cannot generate entire segmentation information.In order to obtain accurate edge detection and semantic information,an Adaptive Boundary and Semantic Composite Segmentation method(ABSCS)is proposed.This method can precisely semantic segment individual objects in large-size aerial images with limited GPU performances.It includes adaptively dividing and modifying the aerial images with the proposed principles and methods,using the deep learning method to semantic segment and preprocess the small divided pieces,using three traditional methods to segment and preprocess original-size aerial images,adaptively selecting traditional results tomodify the boundaries of individual objects in deep learning results,and combining the results of different objects.Individual object semantic segmentation experiments are conducted by using the AeroScapes dataset,and their results are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve more promising object boundaries than the original deep learning method.This work also demonstrates the advantages of the proposed method in applications of point cloud semantic segmentation and image inpainting.
文摘According to a mathematical model which describes the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials, and the consolidation of the composites, the solution method to the model is made and a computer code is developed, which for flat-plate composites cured by a specified cure cycle, provides the variation of temperature distribution, the cure reaction process in the resin, the resin flow and fibers stress inside the composite, the void variation and the residual stress distribution.
文摘A mathematical model is made which describes the curing process of composites constructed from continuous fiber-reinforced, thermosetting resin matrix prepreg materials, and the consolidation of the composite is developed. The model provides the variation of temperature distribution, the cure reaction process in the resin, the resin flow and fibers stress inside the composite, and the void variation and the residual stress distribution. It can be used to illustrate the mechanism of curing process and optimize the cure cycle of composite material in order to ensure the quality of a product.
基金Meridian Lightweight Technologies Inc.,Strathroy,Ontario Canadathe University of Windsor,Windsor,Ontario,Canada for supporting this workpart of a large project funded by Meridian Lightweight Technologies,Inc.
文摘Intermetallic formation in sludge during magnesium(Mg)melting,holding and high pressure die casting practices is a very important issue.But,very often it is overlooked by academia,original equipment manufacturers(OEM),metal ingot producers and even die casters.The aim of this study was to minimize the intermetallic formation in Mg sludge via the optimization of the chemistry and process parameters.The Al8Mn5 intermetallic particles were identified by the microstructure analysis based on the Al and Mn ratio.The design of experiment(DOE)technique,Taguchi method,was employed to minimize the intermetallic formation in the sludge of Mg alloys with various chemical compositions of Al,Mn,Fe,and different process parameters,holding temperature and holding time.The sludge yield(SY)and intermetallic size(IS)was selected as two responses.The optimum combination of the levels in terms of minimizing the intermetallic formation were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,690℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 30 mins for the holding time,respectively.The best combination for smallest intermetallic size were 9 wt.%Al,0.15 wt.%Mn,0.001 wt.%(10 ppm)Fe,630℃ for the holding temperature and holding at 60 mins for the holding time,respectively.Three groups of sludge factors,Chemical Sludge(CSF),Physical Sludge(PSF)and Comprehensive Sludge Factors(and CPSF)were established for prediction of sludge yields and intermetallic sizes in Al-containing Mg alloys.The CPSF with five independent variables including both chemical elements and process parameters gave high accuracy in prediction,as the prediction of the PSF with only the two processing parameters of the melt holding temperature and time showed a relatively large deviation from the experimental data.The Chemical Sludge Factor was primarily designed for small ingot producers and die casters with a limited melting and holding capacity,of which process parameters could be fixed easily.The Physical Sludge Factor could be used for mass production with a single type of Mg alloy,in which the chemistry fluctuation might be negligible.In large Mg casting suppliers with multiple melting and holding furnaces and a number of Mg alloys in production,the Comprehensive Sludge Factor should be implemented to diminish the sludge formation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82304722)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.2023AFD154).
文摘Atractylodis Rhizoma,a traditional Chinese medicine with an extensive history of treating gastrointestinal disorders and other diseases,undergoes various processing methods in China to enhance its therapeutic efficacy for specific conditions.However,a comprehensive report detailing the changes in chemical composition and pharmacological effects due to these processing methods is currently lacking.This article provides a systematic review of the commonly employed processing techniques for Atractylodis Rhizoma,including raw Atractylodis Rhizoma(SCZ),bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma(FCZ),deep-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma(JCZ),and rice water-processed Atractylodis Rhizoma(MCZ).It examines the alterations in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities resulting from these processes and elucidates the mechanisms of action of the primary components in the various processed forms of Atractylodis Rhizoma in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
文摘A356alloy was used as the base metal to produce boron carbide(B4C)/A356composites using friction stir processing(FSP).The microstructural and mechanical properties of B4C/A356composites were optimized using artificial neural network(ANN)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II).Firstly,microstructural properties of the composites fabricated in different processing conditions were investigated.Results show that FSP parameters such as rotational speed,traverse speed and tool pin profile significantly affect the size of the primary silicon(Si)particles of the base metal,as well as the dispersion quality and volume fraction of reinforcing B4C particles in the composite layer.Higher rotational to traverse speeds ratio accompanied by threaded pin profile leads to better particles distribution,finer Si particles and smaller B4C agglomerations.Secondly,hardness and tensile tests were performed to study mechanical properties of the composites.FSP changes the fracture mechanism from brittle form in the as-received metal to very ductile form in the FSPed specimens.Then,a relation between the FSP parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties of the composites was established using ANN.A modified NSGA-II by incorporating diversity preserving mechanism called theεelimination algorithm was employed to obtain the Pareto-optimal set of FSP parameters.
