The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)is an application of the Internet of Things(IoT)in the medical field.It is a cutting-edge technique that connects medical sensors and their applications to healthcare systems,which ...The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)is an application of the Internet of Things(IoT)in the medical field.It is a cutting-edge technique that connects medical sensors and their applications to healthcare systems,which is essential in smart healthcare.However,Personal Health Records(PHRs)are normally kept in public cloud servers controlled by IoMT service providers,so privacy and security incidents may be frequent.Fortunately,Searchable Encryption(SE),which can be used to execute queries on encrypted data,can address the issue above.Nevertheless,most existing SE schemes cannot solve the vector dominance threshold problem.In response to this,we present a SE scheme called Vector Dominance with Threshold Searchable Encryption(VDTSE)in this study.We use a Lagrangian polynomial technique and convert the vector dominance threshold problem into a constraint that the number of two equal-length vectors’corresponding bits excluding wildcards is not less than a threshold t.Then,we solve the problem using the proposed technique modified in Hidden Vector Encryption(HVE).This technique makes the trapdoor size linear to the number of attributes and thus much smaller than that of other similar SE schemes.A rigorous experimental analysis of a specific application for privacy-preserving diabetes demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed VDTSE scheme.展开更多
Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the...Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the effectiveness of migratory phototropic pest control. However, since the SIL is connected to the Internet, it is vulnerable to various security issues.These issues can lead to serious consequences, such as tampering with the parameters of SIL, illegally starting and stopping SIL,etc. In this paper, we describe the overall security requirements of SIL-IoT and present an extensive survey of security and privacy solutions for SIL-IoT. We investigate the background and logical architecture of SIL-IoT, discuss SIL-IoT security scenarios, and analyze potential attacks. Starting from the security requirements of SIL-IoT we divide them into six categories, namely privacy, authentication, confidentiality, access control, availability,and integrity. Next, we describe the SIL-IoT privacy and security solutions, as well as the blockchain-based solutions. Based on the current survey, we finally discuss the challenges and future research directions of SIL-IoT.展开更多
Due to the limited computational capability and the diversity of the Internet of Things devices working in different environment,we consider fewshot learning-based automatic modulation classification(AMC)to improve it...Due to the limited computational capability and the diversity of the Internet of Things devices working in different environment,we consider fewshot learning-based automatic modulation classification(AMC)to improve its reliability.A data enhancement module(DEM)is designed by a convolutional layer to supplement frequency-domain information as well as providing nonlinear mapping that is beneficial for AMC.Multimodal network is designed to have multiple residual blocks,where each residual block has multiple convolutional kernels of different sizes for diverse feature extraction.Moreover,a deep supervised loss function is designed to supervise all parts of the network including the hidden layers and the DEM.Since different model may output different results,cooperative classifier is designed to avoid the randomness of single model and improve the reliability.Simulation results show that this few-shot learning-based AMC method can significantly improve the AMC accuracy compared to the existing methods.展开更多
Internet of Things (IoT) among of all the technology revolutions has been considered the next evolution of the internet. IoT has become a far more popular area in the computing world. IoT combined a huge number of thi...Internet of Things (IoT) among of all the technology revolutions has been considered the next evolution of the internet. IoT has become a far more popular area in the computing world. IoT combined a huge number of things (devices) that can be connected through the internet. The purpose: this paper aims to explore the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) generally and outline the main definitions of IoT. The paper also aims to examine and discuss the obstacles and potential benefits of IoT in Saudi universities. Methodology: the researchers reviewed the previous literature and focused on several databases to use the recent studies and research related to the IoT. Then, the researchers also used quantitative methodology to examine the factors affecting the obstacles and potential benefits of IoT. The data were collected by using a questionnaire distributed online among academic staff and a total of 150 participants completed the survey. Finding: the result of this study reveals there are twelve factors that affect the potential benefits of using IoT such as reducing human errors, increasing business income and worker’s productivity. It also shows the eighteen factors which affect obstacles the IoT use, for example sensors’ cost, data privacy, and data security. These factors have the most influence on using IoT in Saudi universities.展开更多
The increasing global population has led to a higher demand for food production, while a decrease in rural labor and a rise in production costs present complex challenges for the food industry. Smart agriculture is a ...The increasing global population has led to a higher demand for food production, while a decrease in rural labor and a rise in production costs present complex challenges for the food industry. Smart agriculture is a farm management concept that considers the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) to address current food production challenges. In this regard, the agricultural sector is becoming increasingly data-focused, and requires data and technologies that are more precise, advanced, and cutting-edge than in the past. IoT enables agriculture to become data-driven, resulting in timely and more cost-effective farm intervention while reducing environmental impact. This review provides an analytical survey of the current and potential applications of IoT in smart agriculture to overcome challenges posed by spatio-temporal variability under varying environments and task diversity. This review also discusses the challenges that may arise from IoT deployment and presents an overview of the existing applications and those that may be developed in the future.展开更多
This paper proposes an open hierarchical network architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT), which can provide a unified network topology by using heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). With this proposed a...This paper proposes an open hierarchical network architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT), which can provide a unified network topology by using heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). With this proposed architecture, our research focuses on the optimal deployment strategy of the nodes on the convergence level. We aim at the maximization of the sub-network's lifetime while minimizing the deployment cost. Meanwhile, a novel metric named as the Ratio of Lifetime to Cost (RLC) is proposed to estimate the efficiency of convergence nodes deployment. Simulation results indicate that the proposed deployment algorithm can achieve the optimal number of convergence nodes. The proposed deployment strategy is able to achieve a balanced tradeoff between the network lifetime and the deployment cost.展开更多
One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). The future is Internet of Things, which will transform the real world objects into intelligent virtual objects. The IoT aims to unify eve...One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). The future is Internet of Things, which will transform the real world objects into intelligent virtual objects. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us informed of the state of the things. In Light of this, present study addresses IoT concepts through systematic review of scholarly research papers, corporate white papers, professional discussions with experts and online databases. Moreover this research article focuses on definitions, geneses, basic requirements, characteristics and aliases of Internet of Things. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Internet of Things, architectures, and vital technologies and their usages in our daily life. However, this manuscript will give good comprehension for the new researchers, who want to do research in this field of Internet of Things (Technological GOD) and facilitate knowledge accumulation in efficiently.展开更多
With the ever-expanding applications of vehicles and the development of wireless communication technology,the burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)assisted vehicular internet of things(UVIoTs)has emerged,where the g...With the ever-expanding applications of vehicles and the development of wireless communication technology,the burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)assisted vehicular internet of things(UVIoTs)has emerged,where the ground vehicles can experience more efficient wireless services by employing UAVs as a temporary mobile base station.However,due to the diversity of UAVs,there exist UAVs such as jammers to degenerate the performance of wireless communication between the normal UAVs and vehicles.To solve above the problem,in this paper,we propose a game based secure data transmission scheme in UVIoTs.Specifically,we exploit the offensive and defensive game to model the interactions between the normal UAVs and jammers.Here,the strategy of the normal UAV is to determine whether to transmit data,while that of the jammer is whether to interfere.We then formulate two optimization problems,i.e.,maximizing the both utilities of UAVs and jammers.Afterwards,we exploit the backward induction method to analyze the proposed countermeasures and finally solve the optimal solution.Lastly,the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the wireless communication performance under the attacks of jammers compared with conventional schemes.展开更多
In order to incorporate smart elements into distribution networks at ITELCA laboratories in Bogotá-Colombia, a Machine-to-Machine-based solution has been developed. This solution aids in the process of low-cost e...In order to incorporate smart elements into distribution networks at ITELCA laboratories in Bogotá-Colombia, a Machine-to-Machine-based solution has been developed. This solution aids in the process of low-cost electrical fault location, which contributes to improving quality of service, particularly by shortening interruption time spans in mid-voltage grids. The implementation makes use of MQTT protocol with an intensive use of Internet of things (IoT) environment which guarantees the following properties within the automation process: Advanced reports and statistics, remote command execution on one or more units (groups of units), detailed monitoring of remote units and custom alarm mechanism and firmware upgrade on one or more units (groups of units). This kind of implementation is the first one in Colombia and it is able to automatically recover from an N-1 fault.展开更多
Far-field wireless power transfer(WPT)is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous Internet of Things(IoT)applications associated with fifth generation(5G),sixth generation(6G),a...Far-field wireless power transfer(WPT)is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous Internet of Things(IoT)applications associated with fifth generation(5G),sixth generation(6G),and beyond wireless ecosystems.Rectennas,which are the combination of rectifying circuits and antennas,are the most critical components in far-field WPT systems.However,compact application devices require even smaller integrated rectennas that simultaneously have large electromagnetic wave capture capabilities,high alternating current(AC)-to-direct current(DC)(AC-to-DC)conversion efficiencies,and facilitate a multifunctional wireless performance.This paper reviews various rectenna miniaturization techniques such as meandered planar inverted-F antenna(PIFA)rectennas;miniaturized monopole-and dipole-based rectennas;fractal loop and patch rectennas;dielectric-loaded rectennas;and electrically small near-field resonant parasitic rectennas.Their performance characteristics are summarized and then compared with our previously developed electrically small Huygens rectennas that are proven to be more suitable for IoT applications.They have been tailored,for example,to achieve batteryfree IoT sensors as is demonstrated in this paper.Battery-free,wirelessly powered devices are smaller and lighter in weight in comparison to battery-powered devices.Moreover,they are environmentally friendly and,hence,have a significant societal benefit.A series of high-performance electrically small Huygens rectennas are presented including Huygens linearly-polarized(HLP)and circularly-polarized(HCP)rectennas;wirelessly powered IoT sensors based on these designs;and a dual-functional HLP rectenna and antenna system.Finally,two linear uniform HLP rectenna array systems are considered for significantly larger wireless power capture.Example arrays illustrate how they can be integrated advantageously with DC or radio frequency(RF)power-combining schemes for practical IoT applications.展开更多
In recent years,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has been considered one of the most attractive fields for researchers due to its aspirations and implications for society and life as a whole.The IoT environment c...In recent years,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has been considered one of the most attractive fields for researchers due to its aspirations and implications for society and life as a whole.The IoT environment contains vast numbers of devices,equipment,and heterogeneous users who generate massive amounts of data.Furthermore,things’entry into and exit fromIoT systems occur dynamically,changing the topology and content of IoT networks very quickly.Therefore,managing IoT environments is among the most pressing challenges.This paper proposes an adaptive and dynamic scheme for managing IoT environments is proposed.This management scheme depends on the use of previous management methodologies,considering two main factors.The first factor is network status,which is determined in real-time.The second factor is a management method’s suitability according to its desired administration.To test the proposed management scheme,a simulation environment is created using NS3.The metrics used to measure the management scheme performance are bandwidth consumption,energy consumption,packet loss,throughput,delay,usage rate of individualmanagement techniques,and transformation.The simulation results prove that the proposed management scheme outperformed the individual 6LowPANSNMP,CoAP,and LWM2M management schemes.展开更多
Active soil moisture monitoring is an important consideration in irrigation water management. A permanent and readily accessible record of changes in soil moisture can be used to improve future water management decisi...Active soil moisture monitoring is an important consideration in irrigation water management. A permanent and readily accessible record of changes in soil moisture can be used to improve future water management decision-making. Similarly, accessing stored soil moisture data in near-real-time is also essential for making timely farming and management decisions, such as where, when, and how much irrigation to apply. Access to reliable communication systems and delivery of real-time data can be affected by its availability near production fields. Therefore, soil moisture monitoring systems with real-time data functionality that can meet the needs of farmers at an affordable cost are currently needed. The objective of the study was to develop and fieldtest affordable cell-phone-based Internet of things (IoT) systems for soil moisture monitoring. These IoT systems were designed using low-cost hardware components and open-source software to transmit soil moisture data from the Watermark 200SS or ECH<sub>2</sub>O EC-5 sensors. These monitoring systems utilized either Particle Electron or Particle Proton Arduino-compatible devices for data communication. The IoT soil moisture monitoring systems have been deployed and operated successfully over the last three years in South Carolina.展开更多
The performance of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is an important fragment of the Internet of Things(IoT),where the current WSNbuilt IoT network’s sensor hubs are enticing due to their critical resources.By grouping h...The performance of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is an important fragment of the Internet of Things(IoT),where the current WSNbuilt IoT network’s sensor hubs are enticing due to their critical resources.By grouping hubs,a clustering convention offers a useful solution for ensuring energy-saving of hubs andHybridMedia Access Control(HMAC)during the course of the organization.Nevertheless,current grouping standards suffer from issues with the grouping structure that impacts the exhibition of these conventions negatively.In this investigation,we recommend an Improved Energy-Proficient Algorithm(IEPA)for HMAC throughout the lifetime of the WSN-based IoT.Three consecutive segments are suggested.For the covering of adjusted clusters,an ideal number of clusters is determined first.Then,fair static clusters are shaped,based on an updated calculation for fluffy cluster heads,to reduce and adapt the energy use of the sensor hubs.Cluster heads(CHs)are,ultimately,selected in optimal locations,with the pivot of the cluster heads working among cluster members.Specifically,the proposed convention diminishes and balances the energy utilization of hubs by improving the grouping structure,where the IEPAis reasonable for systems that need a long time.The assessment results demonstrate that the IEPA performs better than existing conventions.展开更多
the world is experiencing a strong rush towards modern technology, while specialized companies are living a terrible rush in the information technology towards the so-called Internet of things IoT or Internet of objec...the world is experiencing a strong rush towards modern technology, while specialized companies are living a terrible rush in the information technology towards the so-called Internet of things IoT or Internet of objects,</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which is the integration of things with the world of Internet, by adding hardware or/and software to be smart and so be able to communicate with each other and participate effectively in all aspects of daily life,</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">so enabling new forms of communication between people and things, and between things themselves, that’s will change the traditional life into a high style of living. But it won’t be easy, because there are still many challenges an</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> issues that need to be addressed and have to be viewed from various aspects to realize </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">their</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> full potential. The main objective of this review paper will provide the reader with a detailed discussion from a technological and social perspective. The various IoT challenges and issues, definition and architecture were discussed. Furthermore, a description of several sensors and actuators and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">their</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> smart communication. Also, the most important application areas of IoT were presented. This work will help readers and researchers understand the IoT and its potential application in the real world.展开更多
With the increased emphasis on data security in the Internet of Things(IoT), blockchain has received more and more attention.Due to the computing consuming characteristics of blockchain, mobile edge computing(MEC) is ...With the increased emphasis on data security in the Internet of Things(IoT), blockchain has received more and more attention.Due to the computing consuming characteristics of blockchain, mobile edge computing(MEC) is integrated into IoT.However, how to efficiently use edge computing resources to process the computing tasks of blockchain from IoT devices has not been fully studied.In this paper, the MEC and blockchain-enhanced IoT is considered.The transactions recording the data or other application information are generated by the IoT devices, and they are offloaded to the MEC servers to join the blockchain.The practical Byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT) consensus mechanism is used among all the MEC servers which are also the blockchain nodes, and the latency of the consensus process is modeled with the consideration of characteristics of the wireless network.The joint optimization problem of serving base station(BS) selection and wireless transmission resources allocation is modeled as a Markov decision process(MDP), and the long-term system utility is defined based on task reward, credit value, the latency of infrastructure layer and blockchain layer, and computing cost.A double deep Q learning(DQN) based transactions offloading algorithm(DDQN-TOA) is proposed, and simulation results show the advantages of the proposed algorithm in comparison to other methods.展开更多
Road transport is been used for moving people and all kinds of goods throughout the world. However, it is one mode of transportation that is prone to accidents and it faces a plethora of never-ending challenges, such ...Road transport is been used for moving people and all kinds of goods throughout the world. However, it is one mode of transportation that is prone to accidents and it faces a plethora of never-ending challenges, such as the frequent loss of lives and valuables when accident occurs. The best course of action to handle these issues is to set up an autonomous incident detection system using wireless communication, 5G technologies and the Internet of Things. IoT is a seamless technology that increases the connectivity between humans and machines. It is web-based, and improves communication between vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to infrastructures, transfer of data and information to predict incident occurrences through various networks and frameworks such as eCall, OneM2M and integration of mobile broadband. Additionally, internet of things is being adopted for public safety;for instance, it can speed up first responders’ response times to situations by displaying the best routes to a scene of an accident. The rapid development of 5G is happening in parallel with developments of internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and smart platforms for novel applications such as mission-critical communications. 5G is a new generation technology that operates on the Ultra High Spectrum Band UHSB. It is an innovation that uses the pedestrians-vehicle-road-cloud, and the communication between vehicle locations and temperature of high-quality connection. It is essential for intelligent transport systems because it allows for information sharing, prediction of incidences as safety is the primary concern of road transport. This review examines accident detection through 5G technology, integrated mobile broadband, and multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) wireless system. Finally, we conclude by examining recent technology, challenges, present and future research trends.展开更多
Internet of things (IoT) has become an interesting topic in the field of technological research. It is basically interconnecting of devices with each other over the internet. Beside its general use in terms of autonom...Internet of things (IoT) has become an interesting topic in the field of technological research. It is basically interconnecting of devices with each other over the internet. Beside its general use in terms of autonomous cars and smart homes, but some of the best applications of IoT technology in fields of health care monitoring is worth mentioning. The main purpose of this research work is to provide comport services for patients. It can be used to promote basic nursing care by improving the quality of care and patient safety from patient home environment. Rural area of a country lacks behind the proper patient monitoring system. So, remote monitoring and prescribing by sharing medical information in an authenticated manner is very effective for betterment of medical facilities in rural area. We have proposed a healthcare system which can analyze ECG report using supervise machine learning techniques. Analyzing report can be stored in cloud platform which can be further used to prescribe by the experienced medical practitioner. For performance evaluation, ECG data is analyzed using six supervised machine learning algorithms. Data sets are divided into two groups: 75 percent data for training the model and rest 25 percent data for testing. To avoid any kind of anomalies or repetitions, cross validation and random train-test split was used to obtain the result as accurate as possible.展开更多
从Internet发展历史及应用环境变化的角度讨论IoT(Internet of Things)提出背景、内涵、组成结构和体系结构等关键问题。在分析对IoT的典型定义的基础上,笔者认为"ITU把IoT作为Internet平台在应用领域实现人、机、和智能化物理对象...从Internet发展历史及应用环境变化的角度讨论IoT(Internet of Things)提出背景、内涵、组成结构和体系结构等关键问题。在分析对IoT的典型定义的基础上,笔者认为"ITU把IoT作为Internet平台在应用领域实现人、机、和智能化物理对象(SPO)信息全方位互通和实践普适计算理念的下一代Internet及其应用系统的概括"是对IoT更为合理的广义定义。以该定义为基础,全面地分析了"由多个用户域网(CPN)通过骨干通信子网互联"的基本组成结构,讨论了两类SPO-CPN的基本组成结构及其支撑技术;指出SPO的引入主要影响CPN资源网络中的接入部分,属于应用系统的范畴,对Internet基本技术影响甚微。笔者不赞同以欧盟为代表的把IoT定义为联物专用网的狭义定义,指出其IoT模型和体系结构研究混淆了网络平台与应用系统,实质上是网络应用系统模型和体系结构。展开更多
This paper presents a comprehensive review of emerging technologies for the internet of things(IoT)-based smart agriculture.We begin by summarizing the existing surveys and describing emergent technologies for the agr...This paper presents a comprehensive review of emerging technologies for the internet of things(IoT)-based smart agriculture.We begin by summarizing the existing surveys and describing emergent technologies for the agricultural IoT,such as unmanned aerial vehicles,wireless technologies,open-source IoT platforms,software defined networking(SDN),network function virtualization(NFV)technologies,cloud/fog computing,and middleware platforms.We also provide a classification of IoT applications for smart agriculture into seven categories:including smart monitoring,smart water management,agrochemicals applications,disease management,smart harvesting,supply chain management,and smart agricultural practices.Moreover,we provide a taxonomy and a side-by-side comparison of the state-ofthe-art methods toward supply chain management based on the blockchain technology for agricultural IoTs.Furthermore,we present real projects that use most of the aforementioned technologies,which demonstrate their great performance in the field of smart agriculture.Finally,we highlight open research challenges and discuss possible future research directions for agricultural IoTs.展开更多
Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT gen...Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT generally faces the challenges from energy constraint and implementation cost. In this paper, we will introduce a new green communication paradigm, the ambient backscatter (AmBC), that could utilize the environmental wireless signals for both powering a tiny-cost device and backscattering the information symbols. Specifically, we will present the basic principles of AmBC, analyze its features and advantages, suggest its open problems, and predict its potential applications for our future IoT.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61872289 and 62172266in part by the Henan Key Laboratory of Network Cryptography Technology LNCT2020-A07the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software under Grant No.KX202308.
文摘The Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)is an application of the Internet of Things(IoT)in the medical field.It is a cutting-edge technique that connects medical sensors and their applications to healthcare systems,which is essential in smart healthcare.However,Personal Health Records(PHRs)are normally kept in public cloud servers controlled by IoMT service providers,so privacy and security incidents may be frequent.Fortunately,Searchable Encryption(SE),which can be used to execute queries on encrypted data,can address the issue above.Nevertheless,most existing SE schemes cannot solve the vector dominance threshold problem.In response to this,we present a SE scheme called Vector Dominance with Threshold Searchable Encryption(VDTSE)in this study.We use a Lagrangian polynomial technique and convert the vector dominance threshold problem into a constraint that the number of two equal-length vectors’corresponding bits excluding wildcards is not less than a threshold t.Then,we solve the problem using the proposed technique modified in Hidden Vector Encryption(HVE).This technique makes the trapdoor size linear to the number of attributes and thus much smaller than that of other similar SE schemes.A rigorous experimental analysis of a specific application for privacy-preserving diabetes demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed VDTSE scheme.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072248, 62072247)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (CX(21)3060)。
文摘Solar insecticidal lamps(SIL) can effectively control pests and reduce the use of pesticides. Combining SIL and Internet of Things(IoT) has formed a new type of agricultural IoT,known as SIL-IoT, which can improve the effectiveness of migratory phototropic pest control. However, since the SIL is connected to the Internet, it is vulnerable to various security issues.These issues can lead to serious consequences, such as tampering with the parameters of SIL, illegally starting and stopping SIL,etc. In this paper, we describe the overall security requirements of SIL-IoT and present an extensive survey of security and privacy solutions for SIL-IoT. We investigate the background and logical architecture of SIL-IoT, discuss SIL-IoT security scenarios, and analyze potential attacks. Starting from the security requirements of SIL-IoT we divide them into six categories, namely privacy, authentication, confidentiality, access control, availability,and integrity. Next, we describe the SIL-IoT privacy and security solutions, as well as the blockchain-based solutions. Based on the current survey, we finally discuss the challenges and future research directions of SIL-IoT.
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2021YFB2900404.
文摘Due to the limited computational capability and the diversity of the Internet of Things devices working in different environment,we consider fewshot learning-based automatic modulation classification(AMC)to improve its reliability.A data enhancement module(DEM)is designed by a convolutional layer to supplement frequency-domain information as well as providing nonlinear mapping that is beneficial for AMC.Multimodal network is designed to have multiple residual blocks,where each residual block has multiple convolutional kernels of different sizes for diverse feature extraction.Moreover,a deep supervised loss function is designed to supervise all parts of the network including the hidden layers and the DEM.Since different model may output different results,cooperative classifier is designed to avoid the randomness of single model and improve the reliability.Simulation results show that this few-shot learning-based AMC method can significantly improve the AMC accuracy compared to the existing methods.
文摘Internet of Things (IoT) among of all the technology revolutions has been considered the next evolution of the internet. IoT has become a far more popular area in the computing world. IoT combined a huge number of things (devices) that can be connected through the internet. The purpose: this paper aims to explore the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) generally and outline the main definitions of IoT. The paper also aims to examine and discuss the obstacles and potential benefits of IoT in Saudi universities. Methodology: the researchers reviewed the previous literature and focused on several databases to use the recent studies and research related to the IoT. Then, the researchers also used quantitative methodology to examine the factors affecting the obstacles and potential benefits of IoT. The data were collected by using a questionnaire distributed online among academic staff and a total of 150 participants completed the survey. Finding: the result of this study reveals there are twelve factors that affect the potential benefits of using IoT such as reducing human errors, increasing business income and worker’s productivity. It also shows the eighteen factors which affect obstacles the IoT use, for example sensors’ cost, data privacy, and data security. These factors have the most influence on using IoT in Saudi universities.
文摘The increasing global population has led to a higher demand for food production, while a decrease in rural labor and a rise in production costs present complex challenges for the food industry. Smart agriculture is a farm management concept that considers the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) to address current food production challenges. In this regard, the agricultural sector is becoming increasingly data-focused, and requires data and technologies that are more precise, advanced, and cutting-edge than in the past. IoT enables agriculture to become data-driven, resulting in timely and more cost-effective farm intervention while reducing environmental impact. This review provides an analytical survey of the current and potential applications of IoT in smart agriculture to overcome challenges posed by spatio-temporal variability under varying environments and task diversity. This review also discusses the challenges that may arise from IoT deployment and presents an overview of the existing applications and those that may be developed in the future.
基金supported by National S&T Major Project of China under Grant No.2010 ZX03005-003National Key Technology Research and Develop ment Program of China under Grant No.2011BAK12B02Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-10-0294),China
文摘This paper proposes an open hierarchical network architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT), which can provide a unified network topology by using heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). With this proposed architecture, our research focuses on the optimal deployment strategy of the nodes on the convergence level. We aim at the maximization of the sub-network's lifetime while minimizing the deployment cost. Meanwhile, a novel metric named as the Ratio of Lifetime to Cost (RLC) is proposed to estimate the efficiency of convergence nodes deployment. Simulation results indicate that the proposed deployment algorithm can achieve the optimal number of convergence nodes. The proposed deployment strategy is able to achieve a balanced tradeoff between the network lifetime and the deployment cost.
文摘One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). The future is Internet of Things, which will transform the real world objects into intelligent virtual objects. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us informed of the state of the things. In Light of this, present study addresses IoT concepts through systematic review of scholarly research papers, corporate white papers, professional discussions with experts and online databases. Moreover this research article focuses on definitions, geneses, basic requirements, characteristics and aliases of Internet of Things. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Internet of Things, architectures, and vital technologies and their usages in our daily life. However, this manuscript will give good comprehension for the new researchers, who want to do research in this field of Internet of Things (Technological GOD) and facilitate knowledge accumulation in efficiently.
基金This work is supported in part by NSFC(nos.U1808207,U20A20175)the Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(18510761000).
文摘With the ever-expanding applications of vehicles and the development of wireless communication technology,the burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)assisted vehicular internet of things(UVIoTs)has emerged,where the ground vehicles can experience more efficient wireless services by employing UAVs as a temporary mobile base station.However,due to the diversity of UAVs,there exist UAVs such as jammers to degenerate the performance of wireless communication between the normal UAVs and vehicles.To solve above the problem,in this paper,we propose a game based secure data transmission scheme in UVIoTs.Specifically,we exploit the offensive and defensive game to model the interactions between the normal UAVs and jammers.Here,the strategy of the normal UAV is to determine whether to transmit data,while that of the jammer is whether to interfere.We then formulate two optimization problems,i.e.,maximizing the both utilities of UAVs and jammers.Afterwards,we exploit the backward induction method to analyze the proposed countermeasures and finally solve the optimal solution.Lastly,the simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the wireless communication performance under the attacks of jammers compared with conventional schemes.
文摘In order to incorporate smart elements into distribution networks at ITELCA laboratories in Bogotá-Colombia, a Machine-to-Machine-based solution has been developed. This solution aids in the process of low-cost electrical fault location, which contributes to improving quality of service, particularly by shortening interruption time spans in mid-voltage grids. The implementation makes use of MQTT protocol with an intensive use of Internet of things (IoT) environment which guarantees the following properties within the automation process: Advanced reports and statistics, remote command execution on one or more units (groups of units), detailed monitoring of remote units and custom alarm mechanism and firmware upgrade on one or more units (groups of units). This kind of implementation is the first one in Colombia and it is able to automatically recover from an N-1 fault.
基金supported by the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) Chancellor’s Postdoctoral Fellowship (PRO18-6147)Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) (PRO20-9959)
文摘Far-field wireless power transfer(WPT)is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous Internet of Things(IoT)applications associated with fifth generation(5G),sixth generation(6G),and beyond wireless ecosystems.Rectennas,which are the combination of rectifying circuits and antennas,are the most critical components in far-field WPT systems.However,compact application devices require even smaller integrated rectennas that simultaneously have large electromagnetic wave capture capabilities,high alternating current(AC)-to-direct current(DC)(AC-to-DC)conversion efficiencies,and facilitate a multifunctional wireless performance.This paper reviews various rectenna miniaturization techniques such as meandered planar inverted-F antenna(PIFA)rectennas;miniaturized monopole-and dipole-based rectennas;fractal loop and patch rectennas;dielectric-loaded rectennas;and electrically small near-field resonant parasitic rectennas.Their performance characteristics are summarized and then compared with our previously developed electrically small Huygens rectennas that are proven to be more suitable for IoT applications.They have been tailored,for example,to achieve batteryfree IoT sensors as is demonstrated in this paper.Battery-free,wirelessly powered devices are smaller and lighter in weight in comparison to battery-powered devices.Moreover,they are environmentally friendly and,hence,have a significant societal benefit.A series of high-performance electrically small Huygens rectennas are presented including Huygens linearly-polarized(HLP)and circularly-polarized(HCP)rectennas;wirelessly powered IoT sensors based on these designs;and a dual-functional HLP rectenna and antenna system.Finally,two linear uniform HLP rectenna array systems are considered for significantly larger wireless power capture.Example arrays illustrate how they can be integrated advantageously with DC or radio frequency(RF)power-combining schemes for practical IoT applications.
基金funded by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project No.(TURSP-2020/60),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In recent years,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has been considered one of the most attractive fields for researchers due to its aspirations and implications for society and life as a whole.The IoT environment contains vast numbers of devices,equipment,and heterogeneous users who generate massive amounts of data.Furthermore,things’entry into and exit fromIoT systems occur dynamically,changing the topology and content of IoT networks very quickly.Therefore,managing IoT environments is among the most pressing challenges.This paper proposes an adaptive and dynamic scheme for managing IoT environments is proposed.This management scheme depends on the use of previous management methodologies,considering two main factors.The first factor is network status,which is determined in real-time.The second factor is a management method’s suitability according to its desired administration.To test the proposed management scheme,a simulation environment is created using NS3.The metrics used to measure the management scheme performance are bandwidth consumption,energy consumption,packet loss,throughput,delay,usage rate of individualmanagement techniques,and transformation.The simulation results prove that the proposed management scheme outperformed the individual 6LowPANSNMP,CoAP,and LWM2M management schemes.
文摘Active soil moisture monitoring is an important consideration in irrigation water management. A permanent and readily accessible record of changes in soil moisture can be used to improve future water management decision-making. Similarly, accessing stored soil moisture data in near-real-time is also essential for making timely farming and management decisions, such as where, when, and how much irrigation to apply. Access to reliable communication systems and delivery of real-time data can be affected by its availability near production fields. Therefore, soil moisture monitoring systems with real-time data functionality that can meet the needs of farmers at an affordable cost are currently needed. The objective of the study was to develop and fieldtest affordable cell-phone-based Internet of things (IoT) systems for soil moisture monitoring. These IoT systems were designed using low-cost hardware components and open-source software to transmit soil moisture data from the Watermark 200SS or ECH<sub>2</sub>O EC-5 sensors. These monitoring systems utilized either Particle Electron or Particle Proton Arduino-compatible devices for data communication. The IoT soil moisture monitoring systems have been deployed and operated successfully over the last three years in South Carolina.
文摘The performance of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)is an important fragment of the Internet of Things(IoT),where the current WSNbuilt IoT network’s sensor hubs are enticing due to their critical resources.By grouping hubs,a clustering convention offers a useful solution for ensuring energy-saving of hubs andHybridMedia Access Control(HMAC)during the course of the organization.Nevertheless,current grouping standards suffer from issues with the grouping structure that impacts the exhibition of these conventions negatively.In this investigation,we recommend an Improved Energy-Proficient Algorithm(IEPA)for HMAC throughout the lifetime of the WSN-based IoT.Three consecutive segments are suggested.For the covering of adjusted clusters,an ideal number of clusters is determined first.Then,fair static clusters are shaped,based on an updated calculation for fluffy cluster heads,to reduce and adapt the energy use of the sensor hubs.Cluster heads(CHs)are,ultimately,selected in optimal locations,with the pivot of the cluster heads working among cluster members.Specifically,the proposed convention diminishes and balances the energy utilization of hubs by improving the grouping structure,where the IEPAis reasonable for systems that need a long time.The assessment results demonstrate that the IEPA performs better than existing conventions.
文摘the world is experiencing a strong rush towards modern technology, while specialized companies are living a terrible rush in the information technology towards the so-called Internet of things IoT or Internet of objects,</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">which is the integration of things with the world of Internet, by adding hardware or/and software to be smart and so be able to communicate with each other and participate effectively in all aspects of daily life,</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">so enabling new forms of communication between people and things, and between things themselves, that’s will change the traditional life into a high style of living. But it won’t be easy, because there are still many challenges an</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> issues that need to be addressed and have to be viewed from various aspects to realize </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">their</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> full potential. The main objective of this review paper will provide the reader with a detailed discussion from a technological and social perspective. The various IoT challenges and issues, definition and architecture were discussed. Furthermore, a description of several sensors and actuators and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">their</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> smart communication. Also, the most important application areas of IoT were presented. This work will help readers and researchers understand the IoT and its potential application in the real world.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1807903)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.L192002)。
文摘With the increased emphasis on data security in the Internet of Things(IoT), blockchain has received more and more attention.Due to the computing consuming characteristics of blockchain, mobile edge computing(MEC) is integrated into IoT.However, how to efficiently use edge computing resources to process the computing tasks of blockchain from IoT devices has not been fully studied.In this paper, the MEC and blockchain-enhanced IoT is considered.The transactions recording the data or other application information are generated by the IoT devices, and they are offloaded to the MEC servers to join the blockchain.The practical Byzantine fault tolerance(PBFT) consensus mechanism is used among all the MEC servers which are also the blockchain nodes, and the latency of the consensus process is modeled with the consideration of characteristics of the wireless network.The joint optimization problem of serving base station(BS) selection and wireless transmission resources allocation is modeled as a Markov decision process(MDP), and the long-term system utility is defined based on task reward, credit value, the latency of infrastructure layer and blockchain layer, and computing cost.A double deep Q learning(DQN) based transactions offloading algorithm(DDQN-TOA) is proposed, and simulation results show the advantages of the proposed algorithm in comparison to other methods.
文摘Road transport is been used for moving people and all kinds of goods throughout the world. However, it is one mode of transportation that is prone to accidents and it faces a plethora of never-ending challenges, such as the frequent loss of lives and valuables when accident occurs. The best course of action to handle these issues is to set up an autonomous incident detection system using wireless communication, 5G technologies and the Internet of Things. IoT is a seamless technology that increases the connectivity between humans and machines. It is web-based, and improves communication between vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to infrastructures, transfer of data and information to predict incident occurrences through various networks and frameworks such as eCall, OneM2M and integration of mobile broadband. Additionally, internet of things is being adopted for public safety;for instance, it can speed up first responders’ response times to situations by displaying the best routes to a scene of an accident. The rapid development of 5G is happening in parallel with developments of internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and smart platforms for novel applications such as mission-critical communications. 5G is a new generation technology that operates on the Ultra High Spectrum Band UHSB. It is an innovation that uses the pedestrians-vehicle-road-cloud, and the communication between vehicle locations and temperature of high-quality connection. It is essential for intelligent transport systems because it allows for information sharing, prediction of incidences as safety is the primary concern of road transport. This review examines accident detection through 5G technology, integrated mobile broadband, and multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) wireless system. Finally, we conclude by examining recent technology, challenges, present and future research trends.
文摘Internet of things (IoT) has become an interesting topic in the field of technological research. It is basically interconnecting of devices with each other over the internet. Beside its general use in terms of autonomous cars and smart homes, but some of the best applications of IoT technology in fields of health care monitoring is worth mentioning. The main purpose of this research work is to provide comport services for patients. It can be used to promote basic nursing care by improving the quality of care and patient safety from patient home environment. Rural area of a country lacks behind the proper patient monitoring system. So, remote monitoring and prescribing by sharing medical information in an authenticated manner is very effective for betterment of medical facilities in rural area. We have proposed a healthcare system which can analyze ECG report using supervise machine learning techniques. Analyzing report can be stored in cloud platform which can be further used to prescribe by the experienced medical practitioner. For performance evaluation, ECG data is analyzed using six supervised machine learning algorithms. Data sets are divided into two groups: 75 percent data for training the model and rest 25 percent data for testing. To avoid any kind of anomalies or repetitions, cross validation and random train-test split was used to obtain the result as accurate as possible.
文摘从Internet发展历史及应用环境变化的角度讨论IoT(Internet of Things)提出背景、内涵、组成结构和体系结构等关键问题。在分析对IoT的典型定义的基础上,笔者认为"ITU把IoT作为Internet平台在应用领域实现人、机、和智能化物理对象(SPO)信息全方位互通和实践普适计算理念的下一代Internet及其应用系统的概括"是对IoT更为合理的广义定义。以该定义为基础,全面地分析了"由多个用户域网(CPN)通过骨干通信子网互联"的基本组成结构,讨论了两类SPO-CPN的基本组成结构及其支撑技术;指出SPO的引入主要影响CPN资源网络中的接入部分,属于应用系统的范畴,对Internet基本技术影响甚微。笔者不赞同以欧盟为代表的把IoT定义为联物专用网的狭义定义,指出其IoT模型和体系结构研究混淆了网络平台与应用系统,实质上是网络应用系统模型和体系结构。
基金supported in part by the Research Start-Up Fund for Talent Researcher of Nanjing Agricultural University(77H0603)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62072248)。
文摘This paper presents a comprehensive review of emerging technologies for the internet of things(IoT)-based smart agriculture.We begin by summarizing the existing surveys and describing emergent technologies for the agricultural IoT,such as unmanned aerial vehicles,wireless technologies,open-source IoT platforms,software defined networking(SDN),network function virtualization(NFV)technologies,cloud/fog computing,and middleware platforms.We also provide a classification of IoT applications for smart agriculture into seven categories:including smart monitoring,smart water management,agrochemicals applications,disease management,smart harvesting,supply chain management,and smart agricultural practices.Moreover,we provide a taxonomy and a side-by-side comparison of the state-ofthe-art methods toward supply chain management based on the blockchain technology for agricultural IoTs.Furthermore,we present real projects that use most of the aforementioned technologies,which demonstrate their great performance in the field of smart agriculture.Finally,we highlight open research challenges and discuss possible future research directions for agricultural IoTs.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2016YFE0200900part by Scientific Research Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education under Grant KM201910853003part by Major projects of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission under Grant Z181100003218010
文摘Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industries, and is recognized as an ultimate infrastructure to connect everything at anytime and anywhere. The implementation of IoT generally faces the challenges from energy constraint and implementation cost. In this paper, we will introduce a new green communication paradigm, the ambient backscatter (AmBC), that could utilize the environmental wireless signals for both powering a tiny-cost device and backscattering the information symbols. Specifically, we will present the basic principles of AmBC, analyze its features and advantages, suggest its open problems, and predict its potential applications for our future IoT.
