Based on the corresponding relationship chart of saturation humidity and temperature of wet flue gas,the formation mechanism of"white smoke plume"and the technology of eliminating white smoke from flue gas w...Based on the corresponding relationship chart of saturation humidity and temperature of wet flue gas,the formation mechanism of"white smoke plume"and the technology of eliminating white smoke from flue gas were analyzed.Besides,the energy balance of each elimination technology was calculated according to the theoretical formulas,and"energy saving"was compared.The technology of eliminating white smoke from flue gas needs to solve the problems of"emission reduction"and"energy conservation"in industrial enterprises.It brings new ideas and directions to enterprises for"energy conservation and emission reduction",eases the pressure on enterprises to protect the environment,improves enterprises'use efficiency of primary energy,and provides a reliable choice for enterprises to survive and enhance their competitiveness.In addition,it can effectively solve the dehumidification and elimination of wet flue gas,not only eliminate the pollution from white smoke plume,but also achieve environmental protection up-to-standard and ultra-low near zero emission at low cost,enhance the efficiency of coal combustion,in particular recover the moisture and residual heat in flue gas,and solve the contradiction between the environment and development.展开更多
Background and Objective: Chronic heavy alcohol consumption and daily cigarette smoking are the most prevalent substance use problems in the U.S., including Veterans. Excessive alcohol use causes neurocognitive and be...Background and Objective: Chronic heavy alcohol consumption and daily cigarette smoking are the most prevalent substance use problems in the U.S., including Veterans. Excessive alcohol use causes neurocognitive and behavioral deficits that can be linked to neurodegeneration. Similarly, preclinical and clinical data suggest that smoking also leads to brain atrophy. This study examines the differential and additive effects of alcohol and cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on cognitive-behavioral function. Methods: A 4-way experimental model of chronic alcohol and CS exposures was generated using 4-week-old male and female Long Evans rats that were pair-fed with Lieber-deCarli isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 24% ethanol for 9 weeks. Half of the rats in the control and ethanol groups were exposed to CS for 4 hours/day and 4 days/week for 9 weeks. All rats were subjected to Morris Water Maze, Open Field, and Novel Object Recognition testing in the last experimental week. Results: Chronic alcohol exposure impaired spatial learning as shown by significantly increased latency to locate the platform, and it caused anxiety-like behavior marked by the significantly reduced percentage of entries to the center of the arena. Chronic CS exposure impaired recognition memory as suggested by significantly less time spent at the novel object. Combined exposures to alcohol and CS did not show any significant additive or interactive effect on cognitive-behavioral function. Conclusion: Chronic alcohol exposure was the main driver of spatial learning, while the effect of secondhand CS exposure was not robust. Future studies need to mimic direct CS exposure effects in humans.展开更多
文摘Based on the corresponding relationship chart of saturation humidity and temperature of wet flue gas,the formation mechanism of"white smoke plume"and the technology of eliminating white smoke from flue gas were analyzed.Besides,the energy balance of each elimination technology was calculated according to the theoretical formulas,and"energy saving"was compared.The technology of eliminating white smoke from flue gas needs to solve the problems of"emission reduction"and"energy conservation"in industrial enterprises.It brings new ideas and directions to enterprises for"energy conservation and emission reduction",eases the pressure on enterprises to protect the environment,improves enterprises'use efficiency of primary energy,and provides a reliable choice for enterprises to survive and enhance their competitiveness.In addition,it can effectively solve the dehumidification and elimination of wet flue gas,not only eliminate the pollution from white smoke plume,but also achieve environmental protection up-to-standard and ultra-low near zero emission at low cost,enhance the efficiency of coal combustion,in particular recover the moisture and residual heat in flue gas,and solve the contradiction between the environment and development.
文摘Background and Objective: Chronic heavy alcohol consumption and daily cigarette smoking are the most prevalent substance use problems in the U.S., including Veterans. Excessive alcohol use causes neurocognitive and behavioral deficits that can be linked to neurodegeneration. Similarly, preclinical and clinical data suggest that smoking also leads to brain atrophy. This study examines the differential and additive effects of alcohol and cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on cognitive-behavioral function. Methods: A 4-way experimental model of chronic alcohol and CS exposures was generated using 4-week-old male and female Long Evans rats that were pair-fed with Lieber-deCarli isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 24% ethanol for 9 weeks. Half of the rats in the control and ethanol groups were exposed to CS for 4 hours/day and 4 days/week for 9 weeks. All rats were subjected to Morris Water Maze, Open Field, and Novel Object Recognition testing in the last experimental week. Results: Chronic alcohol exposure impaired spatial learning as shown by significantly increased latency to locate the platform, and it caused anxiety-like behavior marked by the significantly reduced percentage of entries to the center of the arena. Chronic CS exposure impaired recognition memory as suggested by significantly less time spent at the novel object. Combined exposures to alcohol and CS did not show any significant additive or interactive effect on cognitive-behavioral function. Conclusion: Chronic alcohol exposure was the main driver of spatial learning, while the effect of secondhand CS exposure was not robust. Future studies need to mimic direct CS exposure effects in humans.
