The application of small diameter arterial grafts is limited due to the fact of relatively poor long-time patency which is caused by thrombosis formation in the short term and intimal hyperplasia(IH) in the medium and...The application of small diameter arterial grafts is limited due to the fact of relatively poor long-time patency which is caused by thrombosis formation in the short term and intimal hyperplasia(IH) in the medium and long term.Thrombosis,obstructing the flow of blood展开更多
The structural and aerodynamic performance of the air inlet volute has an important influence on the performance of the gas turbine. On one hand, it requires the airflow flowing through inlet volute as even as possibl...The structural and aerodynamic performance of the air inlet volute has an important influence on the performance of the gas turbine. On one hand, it requires the airflow flowing through inlet volute as even as possible, in order to reduce the pressure loss, to avoid a decrease in the effective output power and an increase of the fuel consumption rate of the internal combustion engine which indicate the inefficiency of the entire power unit;On the other hand, it requires the size of the inlet volute to be as small as possible in order to save mounting space and production costs. The thesis builds the structure model and develops flow fields numerical simulation of several different sizes of the inlet volutes. Further, the unreasonable aerodynamic structure is improved according to the flow field characteristics and thereby, a better aerodynamic performance of the inlet volute is obtained.展开更多
To study the unsteady flow and related energy conversion process in the volute of a pump-as-turbine(PAT)device,six different working conditions have been considered.Through numerical calculation,the spatio-temporal va...To study the unsteady flow and related energy conversion process in the volute of a pump-as-turbine(PAT)device,six different working conditions have been considered.Through numerical calculation,the spatio-temporal variation of static pressure,dynamic pressure,total pressure and turbulent energy dissipation have been determined in each section of the volute.It is concluded that the reduction of the total power of two adjacent sections of the PAT volute is equal to the sum of the power lost by the fluid while moving from one section to the other and the power output from the two adjacent sections.For a fixed flow rate,the percentage of static pressure energy at the outlet of the PAT is roughly similar to that of the corresponding volute section,and both show a gradually increasing trend.The turbulent dissipation rate on each section of the PAT volute displays a similar a spatio-temporal behavior for different flow rates.展开更多
A Lagrangian-Eulerian hybrid scheme to solve unsteady N-S equation in two-dimensional incompressible fluid at high Reynolds numbers is presented in this paper. A random walk is imposed to simulate the viscous diffusio...A Lagrangian-Eulerian hybrid scheme to solve unsteady N-S equation in two-dimensional incompressible fluid at high Reynolds numbers is presented in this paper. A random walk is imposed to simulate the viscous diffusion, the vortex-in-cell method is used to obtain the convection velocity, and nascent vortices are created on a cylinder to satisfy the zero-slip condition. The impulsively started flow around a circular cylinder and the separation induced by a pair of incident vortices symmetrically approaching a circular cylinder have been successfully simulated by the hybrid scheme. The impulsively started flow from rest has been computed at Reynolds numbers 3000 and 9500. Comparisons are made with those results of finite-difference method, vortex method and flow visualization. Agreement is good. The particular attention has been paid to the evolutions of flow pattern. A topological analysis has been proposed in the region of the near wake. The bulge, isolated secondary vortex, a pair of secondary vortices, ' forewake phenomenon and other patterns are simulated numerically. The separation induced by a pair of incident vortices approaching a circular cylinder has been investigated by using the same scheme. The rebounding phenomenon of the incident vortex is observed and is attributed to the effect of the secondary vortex. In particular, we have found that a tertiary vortex can be formed near the surface; this phenomenon has been verified by flow visualization reported recently.展开更多
Based on RNG k-ε turbulence model and sliding grid technique, solid-liquid two-phase three-dimensional(3-D) unsteady turbulence of full passage in slurry pump was simulated by means of Fluent software. The effects of...Based on RNG k-ε turbulence model and sliding grid technique, solid-liquid two-phase three-dimensional(3-D) unsteady turbulence of full passage in slurry pump was simulated by means of Fluent software. The effects of unsteady flow characteristics on solid-liquid two-phase flow and pump performance were researched under design condition. The results show that clocking effect has a significant influence on the flow in pump, and the fluctuation of flow velocity and pressure is obvious, particularly near the volute tongue, at the position of small sections of volute and within diffuser. Clocking effect has a more influence on liquid-phase than on solid-phase, and the wake-jet structure of relative velocity of solid-phase is less obvious than liquid-phase near the volute tongue and the impeller passage outlet. The fluctuation of relative velocity of solid-phase flow is 7.6% smaller than liquid-phase flow at the impeller outlet on circular path. Head and radial forces of the impeller are 8.1% and 85.7% of fluctuation, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research for turbulence, improving efficient, reducing the hydraulic losses and wear. Finally, field tests were carried out to verify the operation and wear of slurry pump.展开更多
A mixed algorithm of central and upwind difference scheme for the solution of steady/unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The algorithm is based on the method of artificial compressibility and...A mixed algorithm of central and upwind difference scheme for the solution of steady/unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The algorithm is based on the method of artificial compressibility and uses a third-order flux-difference splitting technique for the convective terms and the second-order central difference for the viscous terms. The numerical flux of semi-discrete equations is computed by using the Roe approximation. Time accuracy is obtained in the numerical solutions by subiterating the equations in pseudotime for each physical time step. The algebraic turbulence model of Baldwin-Lomax is ulsed in this work. As examples, the solutions of flow through two dimensional flat, airfoil, prolate spheroid and cerebral aneurysm are computed and the results are compared with experimental data. The results show that the coefficient of pressure and skin friction are agreement with experimental data, the largest discrepancy occur in the separation region where the lagebraic turbulence model of Baldwin-Lomax could not exactly predict the flow.展开更多
The exhaust volute is a device that can change the exhaust direction of the ship’s gas turbine to reduce the flow loss of the high-temperature and high-speed turbine exhaust gas in the box-type exhaust volute,thereby...The exhaust volute is a device that can change the exhaust direction of the ship’s gas turbine to reduce the flow loss of the high-temperature and high-speed turbine exhaust gas in the box-type exhaust volute,thereby improving its power output performance.This paper first investigates the internal flow field characteristics of the exhaust volute via numerical simulation and reveals the main source of the internal resistance loss of the volute.On the premise of not affecting the installation size of the volute and matching it with other components in the cabin,the design scheme of volute bottom shunt and volute chamfer are then optimized in accordance with the flow characteristics inside the volute.Numerical simulation results show that the partial flow structure at the bottom of the volute can effectively improve the low-velocity region and the vortex flow at the bottom of the volute,and the chamfered angle scheme can control the regular expansion and compression of the airflow.When the volute adopts the appropriate chamfer angle and the bottom split-flow structure,the total pressure loss can be reduced by 19.6%,and the static pressure recovery coefficient can be increased by 42.05%.展开更多
In this paper,a numerical simulation method is used to calculate a 1.5-stage axial transonic compressor to explore its unsteady flow mechanism.The performance curve is compared with the experimental data to verify the...In this paper,a numerical simulation method is used to calculate a 1.5-stage axial transonic compressor to explore its unsteady flow mechanism.The performance curve is compared with the experimental data to verify the calculation method with a high numerical accuracy,which shows that the unsteady calculation has good reliability.According to the analysis of the data from the monitoring points under the near-stall condition,the unsteady disturbances originate from the tip region of blade and perform the strongest at the blade pressure surface with a broadband characteristic.Further analysis is conducted by combining with the characteristics of the transient flow field at the tip of blade.The results show that the unsteady pressure fluctuations are caused by the migration of the new vortex cores.These new vortex cores are generated by the breakdown of leakage vortex in the downstream,which is induced by the leakage vortex and shock wave interference.Moreover,the relationship between the unsteady flow characteristics and the working conditions is also studied.The leakage vortex intensity and the shock wave strength gradually increase with the decrease of flow rate.When the combination of the leakage vortex intensity and shock wave strength reaches the first threshold,a single frequency of unsteady disturbances appears at the blade tip.When the combination of the leakage vortex intensity and shock wave strength reaches the second threshold,the frequency of unsteady disturbances changes to a broadband.展开更多
A numerical simulation method is employed to investigate the effects of the unsteady plasma body force over the stalled NACA 0015 airfoil at low Reynolds number flow conditions. The plasma body force created by a diel...A numerical simulation method is employed to investigate the effects of the unsteady plasma body force over the stalled NACA 0015 airfoil at low Reynolds number flow conditions. The plasma body force created by a dielectric barrier discharge actuator is modeled with a phenomenological method for plasma simulation coupled with the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The governing equations are solved using an efficient implicit finitevolume method. The responses of the separated flow field to the effects of an unsteady body force in various inter- pulses and duty cycles as well as different locations and magnitudes are studied. It is shown that the duty cycle and inter-pulse are key parameters for flow separation control. Additionally, it is concluded that the body force is able to attach the flow and can affect boundary layer grow that Mach number 0.1 and Reynolds number of 45000.展开更多
A high-order accurate finite-difference scheme, the upwind compact method, is proposed. The 2-D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are sOlved in primitive variables. The nonlinear convection terms in the ...A high-order accurate finite-difference scheme, the upwind compact method, is proposed. The 2-D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are sOlved in primitive variables. The nonlinear convection terms in the governing equations are approximated by using upwind biased compact difference, and other spatial derivative terms are discretized by using the fourth-order compact difference. The upwind compact method is used to solve the driven flow in a square cavity. Solutions are obtained for Reynolds numbers as high as 10000. When Re≤5000, the results agree well with those in literature. When Re=7500 and Re=10000, there is no convergence to a steady laminar solution, and the flow becomes unsteady and periodic.展开更多
To improve the performance of the positive displacement blower, it is imperative to understand the detailed internal flow characteristics or enable a visualization of flow status. However, the existing two-dimensional...To improve the performance of the positive displacement blower, it is imperative to understand the detailed internal flow characteristics or enable a visualization of flow status. However, the existing two-dimensional unsteady, three-dimensional steady or quasi-unsteady numerical simulation and theoretical analysis cannot provide the detailed flow information, which is unfavorable to improve the performance of positive displacement blower. Therefore, the unsteady flow characteristics in a three-lobe positive displacement blower are numerically investigated by solving the three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-e turbulent model. In the numerical simulation, the dynamic mesh technique and overset mesh updating method are adopted. Due to the air being compressed in the process of the rotors rotating, the variation of the temperature field in the positive displacement blower is considered. By comparing the experimental measurements and the numerical results on the variation of flow rate with the outlet pressure, the maximum relative error of the flow rate is less than 2.15% even at the maximum outlet pressure condition, which means that the calculation model and numerical computational method used are effective. The numerical results show that in the intake region, the fluctuations of the inlet flow are greatly affected by the direction of the velocity vectors. In the exhaust region, the temperature changes significantly, which leads to the increase of the airflow pulsation. Through analysis on the velocity, pressure and temperature fields obtained from the numerical simulations, three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics in the positive displacement blower are revealed. The studied results will provide useful reference for improving the performance and empirical correction in the design of the positive displacement blower.展开更多
This paper describes the numerical simulation of unsteady flows due to incoming wakes and/or varying back pressure,The solution method is based upon the one-step finite-volume TVD Lax-Wendroff scheme.Dual time-step ap...This paper describes the numerical simulation of unsteady flows due to incoming wakes and/or varying back pressure,The solution method is based upon the one-step finite-volume TVD Lax-Wendroff scheme.Dual time-step approach and multigrid algorithm are adopted to improve the computational efficiency of the baseline scheme.Numerical results for the transonic unsteady flow in a channel bump and the unsteady flow in a flat plate cascade and the VKI cascade are presented.展开更多
This study demonstrates an active flow control for deflecting a direction of wake vortex structures behind a NACA0012 airfoil using an active morphing flap. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations are performed f...This study demonstrates an active flow control for deflecting a direction of wake vortex structures behind a NACA0012 airfoil using an active morphing flap. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations are performed for flows at the chord Reynolds number of 10,000, and the vortex pattern in the controlled and noncontrolled wakes as well as the effect of an actuation frequency on the control ability are rigorously investigated. It is found that there is an optimum actuation-frequency regime at around <em>F <sup>+</sup></em> = 2.00 which is normalized by the chord length and freestream velocity. The wake vortex pattern of the well-controlled case is classified as the 2P wake pattern according to the Williamson’s categorization [<a href="#ref1">1</a>] [<a href="#ref2">2</a>], where the forced oscillation frequency corresponds to the natural vortex shedding frequency without control. The present classification of wake vortex patterns and finding of the optimum frequency regime in the wake deflection control can lead to a more robust design suitable for vortex-induced-vibration (VIV) related engineering systems.展开更多
This article describes numerical simulation of gas pipeline network operation using high-accuracy computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulators of the modes of gas mixture transmission through long, multi-line pipelin...This article describes numerical simulation of gas pipeline network operation using high-accuracy computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulators of the modes of gas mixture transmission through long, multi-line pipeline systems (CFD-simulator). The approach used in CFD-simulators for modeling gas mixture transmission through long, branched, multi-section pipelines is based on tailoring the full system of fluid dynamics equations to conditions of unsteady, non-isothermal processes of the gas mixture flow. Identification, in a CFD-simulator, of safe parameters for gas transmission through compressor stations amounts to finding the interior points of admissible sets described by systems of nonlinear algebraic equalities and inequalities. Such systems of equalities and inequalities comprise a formal statement of technological, design, operational and other constraints to which operation of the network equipment is subject. To illustrate the practicability of the method of numerical simulation of a gas transmission network, we compare computation results and gas flow parameters measured on-site at the gas transmission enter-prise.展开更多
The operation methods of channel and the speed of gate regulation have great influence on the transformation of flow in water conveyance channels. Based on characteristics method, a 1-D unsteady flow numerical model f...The operation methods of channel and the speed of gate regulation have great influence on the transformation of flow in water conveyance channels. Based on characteristics method, a 1-D unsteady flow numerical model for gate regulation was established in this study. The process of water flow was simulated under different boundary conditions. The influence of gate regulation speed and channel operation methods on flow transition process was analyzed. The numerical results show that under the same conditions, with increasing regulation speed of the gate, the change rates of discharge and water level increase, while the response time of channel becomes shorter, and ultimately the discharge and water level will transit to the same equilibrium states. Moreover, the flow is easier to reach stable state, if the water level in front of the sluice is kept constant, instead of,behind the sluice. This study will be important to the scheme design of automatic operation control in water conveyance channels.展开更多
Aerodynamic forces and power requirements in forward flight in a bumblebee （Bombus terrestris） were studied using the method of computational fluid dynamics. Actual wing kinematic data of free flight were used in th...Aerodynamic forces and power requirements in forward flight in a bumblebee （Bombus terrestris） were studied using the method of computational fluid dynamics. Actual wing kinematic data of free flight were used in the study （the speed ranges from 0 m/s to 4.5 m/s; advance ratio ranges from 0-0.66）. The bumblebee employs the delayed stall mechanism and the fast pitching-up rotation mechanism to produce vertical force and thrust. The leading-edge vortex does not shed in the translatory phase of the half-strokes and is much more concentrated than that of the fruit fly in a previous study. At hovering and low-speed flight, the vertical force is produced by both the half-strokes and is contributed by wing lift; at medium and high speeds, the vertical force is mainly produced during the downstroke and is contributed by both wing lift and wing drag. At all speeds the thrust is mainly produced in the upstroke and is contributed by wing drag. The power requirement at low to medium speeds is not very different from that of hovering and is relatively large at the highest speed （advance ratio 0.66）, i.e. the power curve is Jshaped. Except at the highest flight speed, storing energy elastically can save power up to 20%-30%. At the highest speed, because of the large increase of aerodynamic torque and the slight decrease of inertial torque （due to the smaller stroke amplitude and stroke frequency used）, the power requirement is dominated by aerodynamic power and the effect of elastic storage of energy on power requirement is limited.展开更多
The flow in the positive displacement blower is very complex.The existing two-dimensional numerical simulation cannot provide the detailed flow information,especially flow characteristics along the axial direction,whi...The flow in the positive displacement blower is very complex.The existing two-dimensional numerical simulation cannot provide the detailed flow information,especially flow characteristics along the axial direction,which is unfavorable to improve the performance of positive displacement blower.To investigate the effects of spiral inlet and outlet on the aerodynamic performance of positive displacement blower,three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics in a three-lobe positive displacement blower with and without the spiral inlet and outlet are simulated by solving Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-ε turbulent model.In the numerical simulation,the dynamic mesh technique and overset mesh updating method are used.The computational results are compared with the experimental measurements on the variation of flow rate with the outlet pressure to verify the validity of the numerical method presented.The results show that the mass flow rate with the change of pressure is slightly affected by the application of spiral inlet and outlet,but the internal flow state is largely affected.In the exhaust region,the fluctuations of pressure,velocity and temperature as well as the average values of velocity are significantly reduced.This illustrates that the spiral outlet can effectively suppress the fluctuations of pressure,thus reducing reflux shock and energy dissipation.In the intake area,the average value of pressure,velocity and temperature are slightly declined,but the fluctuations of them are significantly reduced,indicating that the spiral inlet plays the role in making the flow more stable.The numerical results obtained reveal the three-dimensional flow characteristics of the positive displacement blower with spiral inlet and outlet,and provide useful reference to improve performance and empirical correction in the noise-reduction design of the positive displacement blowers.展开更多
文摘The application of small diameter arterial grafts is limited due to the fact of relatively poor long-time patency which is caused by thrombosis formation in the short term and intimal hyperplasia(IH) in the medium and long term.Thrombosis,obstructing the flow of blood
文摘The structural and aerodynamic performance of the air inlet volute has an important influence on the performance of the gas turbine. On one hand, it requires the airflow flowing through inlet volute as even as possible, in order to reduce the pressure loss, to avoid a decrease in the effective output power and an increase of the fuel consumption rate of the internal combustion engine which indicate the inefficiency of the entire power unit;On the other hand, it requires the size of the inlet volute to be as small as possible in order to save mounting space and production costs. The thesis builds the structure model and develops flow fields numerical simulation of several different sizes of the inlet volutes. Further, the unreasonable aerodynamic structure is improved according to the flow field characteristics and thereby, a better aerodynamic performance of the inlet volute is obtained.
基金This work was supported by Gansu Province Science and Technology Fund of China[Grant Nos.20JR10RA174,20JR5RA447,20JR10RA203]Higher Education Industry Support Plan Project of Gansu Province of China[Grant No.2020C-20]+1 种基金Research Subject of Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery(Xihua University),Ministry of Education[Grant Nos.LTDL2020-007,szjj2019-016]Lanzhou University of Technology Hongliu Outstanding Young Teachers’Program.
文摘To study the unsteady flow and related energy conversion process in the volute of a pump-as-turbine(PAT)device,six different working conditions have been considered.Through numerical calculation,the spatio-temporal variation of static pressure,dynamic pressure,total pressure and turbulent energy dissipation have been determined in each section of the volute.It is concluded that the reduction of the total power of two adjacent sections of the PAT volute is equal to the sum of the power lost by the fluid while moving from one section to the other and the power output from the two adjacent sections.For a fixed flow rate,the percentage of static pressure energy at the outlet of the PAT is roughly similar to that of the corresponding volute section,and both show a gradually increasing trend.The turbulent dissipation rate on each section of the PAT volute displays a similar a spatio-temporal behavior for different flow rates.
文摘A Lagrangian-Eulerian hybrid scheme to solve unsteady N-S equation in two-dimensional incompressible fluid at high Reynolds numbers is presented in this paper. A random walk is imposed to simulate the viscous diffusion, the vortex-in-cell method is used to obtain the convection velocity, and nascent vortices are created on a cylinder to satisfy the zero-slip condition. The impulsively started flow around a circular cylinder and the separation induced by a pair of incident vortices symmetrically approaching a circular cylinder have been successfully simulated by the hybrid scheme. The impulsively started flow from rest has been computed at Reynolds numbers 3000 and 9500. Comparisons are made with those results of finite-difference method, vortex method and flow visualization. Agreement is good. The particular attention has been paid to the evolutions of flow pattern. A topological analysis has been proposed in the region of the near wake. The bulge, isolated secondary vortex, a pair of secondary vortices, ' forewake phenomenon and other patterns are simulated numerically. The separation induced by a pair of incident vortices approaching a circular cylinder has been investigated by using the same scheme. The rebounding phenomenon of the incident vortex is observed and is attributed to the effect of the secondary vortex. In particular, we have found that a tertiary vortex can be formed near the surface; this phenomenon has been verified by flow visualization reported recently.
基金Project(51375498)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on RNG k-ε turbulence model and sliding grid technique, solid-liquid two-phase three-dimensional(3-D) unsteady turbulence of full passage in slurry pump was simulated by means of Fluent software. The effects of unsteady flow characteristics on solid-liquid two-phase flow and pump performance were researched under design condition. The results show that clocking effect has a significant influence on the flow in pump, and the fluctuation of flow velocity and pressure is obvious, particularly near the volute tongue, at the position of small sections of volute and within diffuser. Clocking effect has a more influence on liquid-phase than on solid-phase, and the wake-jet structure of relative velocity of solid-phase is less obvious than liquid-phase near the volute tongue and the impeller passage outlet. The fluctuation of relative velocity of solid-phase flow is 7.6% smaller than liquid-phase flow at the impeller outlet on circular path. Head and radial forces of the impeller are 8.1% and 85.7% of fluctuation, respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research for turbulence, improving efficient, reducing the hydraulic losses and wear. Finally, field tests were carried out to verify the operation and wear of slurry pump.
文摘A mixed algorithm of central and upwind difference scheme for the solution of steady/unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The algorithm is based on the method of artificial compressibility and uses a third-order flux-difference splitting technique for the convective terms and the second-order central difference for the viscous terms. The numerical flux of semi-discrete equations is computed by using the Roe approximation. Time accuracy is obtained in the numerical solutions by subiterating the equations in pseudotime for each physical time step. The algebraic turbulence model of Baldwin-Lomax is ulsed in this work. As examples, the solutions of flow through two dimensional flat, airfoil, prolate spheroid and cerebral aneurysm are computed and the results are compared with experimental data. The results show that the coefficient of pressure and skin friction are agreement with experimental data, the largest discrepancy occur in the separation region where the lagebraic turbulence model of Baldwin-Lomax could not exactly predict the flow.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.J2019-Ⅲ-0017).
文摘The exhaust volute is a device that can change the exhaust direction of the ship’s gas turbine to reduce the flow loss of the high-temperature and high-speed turbine exhaust gas in the box-type exhaust volute,thereby improving its power output performance.This paper first investigates the internal flow field characteristics of the exhaust volute via numerical simulation and reveals the main source of the internal resistance loss of the volute.On the premise of not affecting the installation size of the volute and matching it with other components in the cabin,the design scheme of volute bottom shunt and volute chamfer are then optimized in accordance with the flow characteristics inside the volute.Numerical simulation results show that the partial flow structure at the bottom of the volute can effectively improve the low-velocity region and the vortex flow at the bottom of the volute,and the chamfered angle scheme can control the regular expansion and compression of the airflow.When the volute adopts the appropriate chamfer angle and the bottom split-flow structure,the total pressure loss can be reduced by 19.6%,and the static pressure recovery coefficient can be increased by 42.05%.
基金the support of the grants of Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA29050500)。
文摘In this paper,a numerical simulation method is used to calculate a 1.5-stage axial transonic compressor to explore its unsteady flow mechanism.The performance curve is compared with the experimental data to verify the calculation method with a high numerical accuracy,which shows that the unsteady calculation has good reliability.According to the analysis of the data from the monitoring points under the near-stall condition,the unsteady disturbances originate from the tip region of blade and perform the strongest at the blade pressure surface with a broadband characteristic.Further analysis is conducted by combining with the characteristics of the transient flow field at the tip of blade.The results show that the unsteady pressure fluctuations are caused by the migration of the new vortex cores.These new vortex cores are generated by the breakdown of leakage vortex in the downstream,which is induced by the leakage vortex and shock wave interference.Moreover,the relationship between the unsteady flow characteristics and the working conditions is also studied.The leakage vortex intensity and the shock wave strength gradually increase with the decrease of flow rate.When the combination of the leakage vortex intensity and shock wave strength reaches the first threshold,a single frequency of unsteady disturbances appears at the blade tip.When the combination of the leakage vortex intensity and shock wave strength reaches the second threshold,the frequency of unsteady disturbances changes to a broadband.
文摘A numerical simulation method is employed to investigate the effects of the unsteady plasma body force over the stalled NACA 0015 airfoil at low Reynolds number flow conditions. The plasma body force created by a dielectric barrier discharge actuator is modeled with a phenomenological method for plasma simulation coupled with the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The governing equations are solved using an efficient implicit finitevolume method. The responses of the separated flow field to the effects of an unsteady body force in various inter- pulses and duty cycles as well as different locations and magnitudes are studied. It is shown that the duty cycle and inter-pulse are key parameters for flow separation control. Additionally, it is concluded that the body force is able to attach the flow and can affect boundary layer grow that Mach number 0.1 and Reynolds number of 45000.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A high-order accurate finite-difference scheme, the upwind compact method, is proposed. The 2-D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are sOlved in primitive variables. The nonlinear convection terms in the governing equations are approximated by using upwind biased compact difference, and other spatial derivative terms are discretized by using the fourth-order compact difference. The upwind compact method is used to solve the driven flow in a square cavity. Solutions are obtained for Reynolds numbers as high as 10000. When Re≤5000, the results agree well with those in literature. When Re=7500 and Re=10000, there is no convergence to a steady laminar solution, and the flow becomes unsteady and periodic.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.xjj20100073)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2011KTCL01-04)
文摘To improve the performance of the positive displacement blower, it is imperative to understand the detailed internal flow characteristics or enable a visualization of flow status. However, the existing two-dimensional unsteady, three-dimensional steady or quasi-unsteady numerical simulation and theoretical analysis cannot provide the detailed flow information, which is unfavorable to improve the performance of positive displacement blower. Therefore, the unsteady flow characteristics in a three-lobe positive displacement blower are numerically investigated by solving the three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-e turbulent model. In the numerical simulation, the dynamic mesh technique and overset mesh updating method are adopted. Due to the air being compressed in the process of the rotors rotating, the variation of the temperature field in the positive displacement blower is considered. By comparing the experimental measurements and the numerical results on the variation of flow rate with the outlet pressure, the maximum relative error of the flow rate is less than 2.15% even at the maximum outlet pressure condition, which means that the calculation model and numerical computational method used are effective. The numerical results show that in the intake region, the fluctuations of the inlet flow are greatly affected by the direction of the velocity vectors. In the exhaust region, the temperature changes significantly, which leads to the increase of the airflow pulsation. Through analysis on the velocity, pressure and temperature fields obtained from the numerical simulations, three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics in the positive displacement blower are revealed. The studied results will provide useful reference for improving the performance and empirical correction in the design of the positive displacement blower.
文摘This paper describes the numerical simulation of unsteady flows due to incoming wakes and/or varying back pressure,The solution method is based upon the one-step finite-volume TVD Lax-Wendroff scheme.Dual time-step approach and multigrid algorithm are adopted to improve the computational efficiency of the baseline scheme.Numerical results for the transonic unsteady flow in a channel bump and the unsteady flow in a flat plate cascade and the VKI cascade are presented.
文摘This study demonstrates an active flow control for deflecting a direction of wake vortex structures behind a NACA0012 airfoil using an active morphing flap. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations are performed for flows at the chord Reynolds number of 10,000, and the vortex pattern in the controlled and noncontrolled wakes as well as the effect of an actuation frequency on the control ability are rigorously investigated. It is found that there is an optimum actuation-frequency regime at around <em>F <sup>+</sup></em> = 2.00 which is normalized by the chord length and freestream velocity. The wake vortex pattern of the well-controlled case is classified as the 2P wake pattern according to the Williamson’s categorization [<a href="#ref1">1</a>] [<a href="#ref2">2</a>], where the forced oscillation frequency corresponds to the natural vortex shedding frequency without control. The present classification of wake vortex patterns and finding of the optimum frequency regime in the wake deflection control can lead to a more robust design suitable for vortex-induced-vibration (VIV) related engineering systems.
文摘This article describes numerical simulation of gas pipeline network operation using high-accuracy computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulators of the modes of gas mixture transmission through long, multi-line pipeline systems (CFD-simulator). The approach used in CFD-simulators for modeling gas mixture transmission through long, branched, multi-section pipelines is based on tailoring the full system of fluid dynamics equations to conditions of unsteady, non-isothermal processes of the gas mixture flow. Identification, in a CFD-simulator, of safe parameters for gas transmission through compressor stations amounts to finding the interior points of admissible sets described by systems of nonlinear algebraic equalities and inequalities. Such systems of equalities and inequalities comprise a formal statement of technological, design, operational and other constraints to which operation of the network equipment is subject. To illustrate the practicability of the method of numerical simulation of a gas transmission network, we compare computation results and gas flow parameters measured on-site at the gas transmission enter-prise.
基金supported by the National Natural SciencFoundation of China (Grant No. 59879016)the National BasiResearch Program of China (973 Program, Grant No2003CB415200)
文摘The operation methods of channel and the speed of gate regulation have great influence on the transformation of flow in water conveyance channels. Based on characteristics method, a 1-D unsteady flow numerical model for gate regulation was established in this study. The process of water flow was simulated under different boundary conditions. The influence of gate regulation speed and channel operation methods on flow transition process was analyzed. The numerical results show that under the same conditions, with increasing regulation speed of the gate, the change rates of discharge and water level increase, while the response time of channel becomes shorter, and ultimately the discharge and water level will transit to the same equilibrium states. Moreover, the flow is easier to reach stable state, if the water level in front of the sluice is kept constant, instead of,behind the sluice. This study will be important to the scheme design of automatic operation control in water conveyance channels.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10232010)the National Aeronautic Science fund of China(03A51049)
文摘Aerodynamic forces and power requirements in forward flight in a bumblebee （Bombus terrestris） were studied using the method of computational fluid dynamics. Actual wing kinematic data of free flight were used in the study （the speed ranges from 0 m/s to 4.5 m/s; advance ratio ranges from 0-0.66）. The bumblebee employs the delayed stall mechanism and the fast pitching-up rotation mechanism to produce vertical force and thrust. The leading-edge vortex does not shed in the translatory phase of the half-strokes and is much more concentrated than that of the fruit fly in a previous study. At hovering and low-speed flight, the vertical force is produced by both the half-strokes and is contributed by wing lift; at medium and high speeds, the vertical force is mainly produced during the downstroke and is contributed by both wing lift and wing drag. At all speeds the thrust is mainly produced in the upstroke and is contributed by wing drag. The power requirement at low to medium speeds is not very different from that of hovering and is relatively large at the highest speed （advance ratio 0.66）, i.e. the power curve is Jshaped. Except at the highest flight speed, storing energy elastically can save power up to 20%-30%. At the highest speed, because of the large increase of aerodynamic torque and the slight decrease of inertial torque （due to the smaller stroke amplitude and stroke frequency used）, the power requirement is dominated by aerodynamic power and the effect of elastic storage of energy on power requirement is limited.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesChina(Grant No.xjj20100073)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2011KTCL01-04)
文摘The flow in the positive displacement blower is very complex.The existing two-dimensional numerical simulation cannot provide the detailed flow information,especially flow characteristics along the axial direction,which is unfavorable to improve the performance of positive displacement blower.To investigate the effects of spiral inlet and outlet on the aerodynamic performance of positive displacement blower,three-dimensional unsteady flow characteristics in a three-lobe positive displacement blower with and without the spiral inlet and outlet are simulated by solving Navier-Stokes equations coupled with RNG k-ε turbulent model.In the numerical simulation,the dynamic mesh technique and overset mesh updating method are used.The computational results are compared with the experimental measurements on the variation of flow rate with the outlet pressure to verify the validity of the numerical method presented.The results show that the mass flow rate with the change of pressure is slightly affected by the application of spiral inlet and outlet,but the internal flow state is largely affected.In the exhaust region,the fluctuations of pressure,velocity and temperature as well as the average values of velocity are significantly reduced.This illustrates that the spiral outlet can effectively suppress the fluctuations of pressure,thus reducing reflux shock and energy dissipation.In the intake area,the average value of pressure,velocity and temperature are slightly declined,but the fluctuations of them are significantly reduced,indicating that the spiral inlet plays the role in making the flow more stable.The numerical results obtained reveal the three-dimensional flow characteristics of the positive displacement blower with spiral inlet and outlet,and provide useful reference to improve performance and empirical correction in the noise-reduction design of the positive displacement blowers.
