This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from...This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from the current diesel bus fleet to an all-electric bus fleet in New York City by 2033. This study focuses on the NOx pollution, which is the highest among all major cities by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and greenhouse gases (GHG) with annual emissions of over five million tons. Our model predicts that switching to an all-electric bus fleet will cut GHG emissions by over 390,000 tons and NOx emissions by over 1300 tons annually, in addition to other pollutants such as VOCs and PM 2.5. yielding an annual economic benefit of over 75.94 million USD. This aligns with the city mayor office’s initiative of achieving total carbon neutrality. We further model an optimized transition roadmap that balances ecological and long-term benefits against the costs of the transition, emphasizing feasibility and alignment with the natural replacement cycle of existing buses, ensuring a steady budgeting pattern to minimize interruptions and resistance. Finally, we advocate for collaboration between government agencies, public transportation authorities, and private sectors, including electric buses and charging facility manufacturers, which is essential for fostering innovation and reducing the costs associated with the transition to e-buses.展开更多
为了解决SaaS模式供应链管理系统在推广应用中存在的问题,该文在分析总体拥有成本(Total cost of ownership,TCO)构成的基础上,建立了考虑风险因素的TCO模型(即RTCO模型),提出了定量的风险成本计算方法,并通过案例做了验证。研究结果表...为了解决SaaS模式供应链管理系统在推广应用中存在的问题,该文在分析总体拥有成本(Total cost of ownership,TCO)构成的基础上,建立了考虑风险因素的TCO模型(即RTCO模型),提出了定量的风险成本计算方法,并通过案例做了验证。研究结果表明,SaaS模式的供应链管理市场与理论优势存在成本悖论,主要由风险因素引起;风险成本可以量化,且与评价主体的风险偏好有关;RTCO可以为用户提供定量的决策依据。展开更多
随着移动互联网的快速发展及新基建、数字经济等国家战略政策的引导,我国数据中心快速发展。预计到2025年,能耗需求持续高速增长,占比将超过4%。在国家3060双碳目标及最新的分时电价政策驱动下,数据中心配置一定比例的储能系统,提高新...随着移动互联网的快速发展及新基建、数字经济等国家战略政策的引导,我国数据中心快速发展。预计到2025年,能耗需求持续高速增长,占比将超过4%。在国家3060双碳目标及最新的分时电价政策驱动下,数据中心配置一定比例的储能系统,提高新能源接入比例,利用削峰填谷降低用电成本,将成为数据中心节能减排的极佳选择。结合国内典型地区的分时电价政策,对锂电池应用于数据中心削峰填谷的场景进行总拥有成本(Total Cost of Ownership,TCO)分析,为绿色低碳的数据中心建设提供参考。展开更多
Nearly all scientists,at conjunction with simplifying a differential equation,have probably used dimensional analysis.Dimensional analysis(also called the Factor-Label Method or the Unit Factor Method)is an approach t...Nearly all scientists,at conjunction with simplifying a differential equation,have probably used dimensional analysis.Dimensional analysis(also called the Factor-Label Method or the Unit Factor Method)is an approach to the problem that uses the fact that one can multiply any number or expression without changing its value.This is a useful technique.However,the reader should take care to understand that chemistry is not simply a mathematics problem.In every physical problem,the result must match the real world.In physics and science,dimensional analysis is a tool to find or check relations among physical quantities by using their dimensions.The dimension of a physical quantity is the combination of the fundamental physical dimensions(usually mass,length,time,electric charge,and temperature)which describe it;for example,speed has the dimension length/time,and may be measured in meters per second,miles per hour,or other units.Dimensional analysis is necessary because a physical law must be independent of the units used to measure the physical variables in order to be general for all cases.One of the most derivation elements from dimensional analysis is scaling and consequently arriving at similarity methods that branch out to two different groups namely self-similarity as the first one,and second kind that through them one can solve the most complex none-linear ODEs(Ordinary Differential Equations)and PDEs(Partial Differential Equations)as well.These equations can be solved either in Eulearian or Lagrangian coordinate systems with their associated BCs(Boundary Conditions)or ICs(Initial Conditions).Exemplary ODEs and PDEs in the form of none-linear can be seen in strong explosives or implosives scenario,where the results can easily be converted to induction of energy in a control forms for a peaceful purpose(i.e.,fission or fusion reactions).展开更多
According to the Total Cost of Ownership concept (TOCO), the selection criterion of international procurement suppliers can be classified into two levels, namely Macroeconomic decision-making level and Microeconomic d...According to the Total Cost of Ownership concept (TOCO), the selection criterion of international procurement suppliers can be classified into two levels, namely Macroeconomic decision-making level and Microeconomic decision-making level. In this paper, a new quantitative method is put forward to accomplish the task of total assessment on the Microeconomic level which analyses all of the quantitative and qualitative factors with regard to the supplier selection. A Microsoft Excel based new application kit named TOCO Total Assessment Tool is introduced. It can calculate the direct cost and the indirect cost conveniently and can help to evaluate the performance of candidate suppliers. To use the tool, the first module called Total Cost Analysis Module is introduced to calculate the total cost of supplier selection, and then the second module named Supplier Evaluation Module is used to evaluate the performance of each supplier. Finally, the results from these two modules are transferred to the Final Comparison Module to get the final decision-making results. In this paper, the supplier selection related factors are discussed; the method of using the tool is illustrated in detail. It is shown that scientific usage of the TOCO Total Assessment Tool can make the decision-making processes of supplier selection in international procurement transparent, easily calculated, and objective. At the end, a practical case is given to clarify the procedure of using the tool.展开更多
Widespread adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)is a common and critical component of international strategies to mitigate environmental pollution,climate change and oil dependency.The ability of consumers to assess the ...Widespread adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)is a common and critical component of international strategies to mitigate environmental pollution,climate change and oil dependency.The ability of consumers to assess the total cost of ownership(TCO)of EVs relative to internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs)remains an important factor for EV uptake.The TCO of vehicles is not universal across different car segments and user profiles.We analyse and compare the TCO of ICEVs and EVs from 17 car segments across short-and long-term ownership periods,and further advance existing TCO approaches by integrating detailed activity-based driving profiles,taxation,grant structures and pricing.Results show that EV options in the most popular Irish car segments have existing battery EV options with a TCO averaging respectively 26% and 42% less than their equivalent petrol and diesel ICEV options over a 4-year ownership term when the current grant is included.This integrated method for granular TCO evaluation offers important insights for this market and affords scope to investigate how changes in travel patterns,car-segment pricing,taxation,grant policy,fuel costs,and carbon pricing and other transport policies can all affect TCO values over time across a broad range of market offerings.展开更多
文章结合国内医院所处的经营背景,针对医院目前供应链成本管理现状,利用总所有权成本理论(Total Cost of Ownership,TCO),建立了供应链成本分析模型。通过这个模型,不仅可以获得医院供应链的最小成本及实施方案,还可以根据各项的详尽成...文章结合国内医院所处的经营背景,针对医院目前供应链成本管理现状,利用总所有权成本理论(Total Cost of Ownership,TCO),建立了供应链成本分析模型。通过这个模型,不仅可以获得医院供应链的最小成本及实施方案,还可以根据各项的详尽成本对成本管理效果进行评价。展开更多
文摘This paper reaches a recommendation for the 10-year e-bus transition roadmap for New York City. The lifecycle model of emission reduction demonstrates the ecological and financial impacts of a complete transition from the current diesel bus fleet to an all-electric bus fleet in New York City by 2033. This study focuses on the NOx pollution, which is the highest among all major cities by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and greenhouse gases (GHG) with annual emissions of over five million tons. Our model predicts that switching to an all-electric bus fleet will cut GHG emissions by over 390,000 tons and NOx emissions by over 1300 tons annually, in addition to other pollutants such as VOCs and PM 2.5. yielding an annual economic benefit of over 75.94 million USD. This aligns with the city mayor office’s initiative of achieving total carbon neutrality. We further model an optimized transition roadmap that balances ecological and long-term benefits against the costs of the transition, emphasizing feasibility and alignment with the natural replacement cycle of existing buses, ensuring a steady budgeting pattern to minimize interruptions and resistance. Finally, we advocate for collaboration between government agencies, public transportation authorities, and private sectors, including electric buses and charging facility manufacturers, which is essential for fostering innovation and reducing the costs associated with the transition to e-buses.
文摘为了解决SaaS模式供应链管理系统在推广应用中存在的问题,该文在分析总体拥有成本(Total cost of ownership,TCO)构成的基础上,建立了考虑风险因素的TCO模型(即RTCO模型),提出了定量的风险成本计算方法,并通过案例做了验证。研究结果表明,SaaS模式的供应链管理市场与理论优势存在成本悖论,主要由风险因素引起;风险成本可以量化,且与评价主体的风险偏好有关;RTCO可以为用户提供定量的决策依据。
文摘随着移动互联网的快速发展及新基建、数字经济等国家战略政策的引导,我国数据中心快速发展。预计到2025年,能耗需求持续高速增长,占比将超过4%。在国家3060双碳目标及最新的分时电价政策驱动下,数据中心配置一定比例的储能系统,提高新能源接入比例,利用削峰填谷降低用电成本,将成为数据中心节能减排的极佳选择。结合国内典型地区的分时电价政策,对锂电池应用于数据中心削峰填谷的场景进行总拥有成本(Total Cost of Ownership,TCO)分析,为绿色低碳的数据中心建设提供参考。
文摘Nearly all scientists,at conjunction with simplifying a differential equation,have probably used dimensional analysis.Dimensional analysis(also called the Factor-Label Method or the Unit Factor Method)is an approach to the problem that uses the fact that one can multiply any number or expression without changing its value.This is a useful technique.However,the reader should take care to understand that chemistry is not simply a mathematics problem.In every physical problem,the result must match the real world.In physics and science,dimensional analysis is a tool to find or check relations among physical quantities by using their dimensions.The dimension of a physical quantity is the combination of the fundamental physical dimensions(usually mass,length,time,electric charge,and temperature)which describe it;for example,speed has the dimension length/time,and may be measured in meters per second,miles per hour,or other units.Dimensional analysis is necessary because a physical law must be independent of the units used to measure the physical variables in order to be general for all cases.One of the most derivation elements from dimensional analysis is scaling and consequently arriving at similarity methods that branch out to two different groups namely self-similarity as the first one,and second kind that through them one can solve the most complex none-linear ODEs(Ordinary Differential Equations)and PDEs(Partial Differential Equations)as well.These equations can be solved either in Eulearian or Lagrangian coordinate systems with their associated BCs(Boundary Conditions)or ICs(Initial Conditions).Exemplary ODEs and PDEs in the form of none-linear can be seen in strong explosives or implosives scenario,where the results can easily be converted to induction of energy in a control forms for a peaceful purpose(i.e.,fission or fusion reactions).
文摘According to the Total Cost of Ownership concept (TOCO), the selection criterion of international procurement suppliers can be classified into two levels, namely Macroeconomic decision-making level and Microeconomic decision-making level. In this paper, a new quantitative method is put forward to accomplish the task of total assessment on the Microeconomic level which analyses all of the quantitative and qualitative factors with regard to the supplier selection. A Microsoft Excel based new application kit named TOCO Total Assessment Tool is introduced. It can calculate the direct cost and the indirect cost conveniently and can help to evaluate the performance of candidate suppliers. To use the tool, the first module called Total Cost Analysis Module is introduced to calculate the total cost of supplier selection, and then the second module named Supplier Evaluation Module is used to evaluate the performance of each supplier. Finally, the results from these two modules are transferred to the Final Comparison Module to get the final decision-making results. In this paper, the supplier selection related factors are discussed; the method of using the tool is illustrated in detail. It is shown that scientific usage of the TOCO Total Assessment Tool can make the decision-making processes of supplier selection in international procurement transparent, easily calculated, and objective. At the end, a practical case is given to clarify the procedure of using the tool.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(Grant No.201708300027)the Environmental Protection Agency of Ireland.
文摘Widespread adoption of electric vehicles(EVs)is a common and critical component of international strategies to mitigate environmental pollution,climate change and oil dependency.The ability of consumers to assess the total cost of ownership(TCO)of EVs relative to internal combustion engine vehicles(ICEVs)remains an important factor for EV uptake.The TCO of vehicles is not universal across different car segments and user profiles.We analyse and compare the TCO of ICEVs and EVs from 17 car segments across short-and long-term ownership periods,and further advance existing TCO approaches by integrating detailed activity-based driving profiles,taxation,grant structures and pricing.Results show that EV options in the most popular Irish car segments have existing battery EV options with a TCO averaging respectively 26% and 42% less than their equivalent petrol and diesel ICEV options over a 4-year ownership term when the current grant is included.This integrated method for granular TCO evaluation offers important insights for this market and affords scope to investigate how changes in travel patterns,car-segment pricing,taxation,grant policy,fuel costs,and carbon pricing and other transport policies can all affect TCO values over time across a broad range of market offerings.
