Based on the theory of elastic mechanics and material mechanics, the orientation precision of the hohl schaft kegel（HSK） tooling system in static and dynamic states is theoretically and experimentally studied. The r...Based on the theory of elastic mechanics and material mechanics, the orientation precision of the hohl schaft kegel（HSK） tooling system in static and dynamic states is theoretically and experimentally studied. The relation between the clamping force and the shank taper is obtained. And a proper clamping force is found to be essential to assure the axial and radial orientation precisions of the HSK tooling system in high speed machining （HSM）. Analytical results show that the reason why the HSK tooling system can keep high precision at the high rotational speed is that the actual axial clamping force keeps the two surfaces of the shank and the spindle in contact all the time.展开更多
According to the structure of the hohl schaft kegel（HSK） tooling system and its working principle, a mechanical model of the HSK tooling system is established. Major factors influencing the stiffness of the system a...According to the structure of the hohl schaft kegel（HSK） tooling system and its working principle, a mechanical model of the HSK tooling system is established. Major factors influencing the stiffness of the system are analyzed and the relationship between the load and the manufacturing quality is obtained. The basic rule of the stiffness variation is presented and the theoretical analysis is in a good agreement with experimental results. The dynamic stiffness must also be considered to evaluate the performance of the tooling system besides the staticstiffness. Finally, the selecting principles of the HSK types are proposed and their optimum operating conditions are established.展开更多
Thermal fatigue and high temperature wear are the two principle failure mechanisms for thixoforming dies. Samples of Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions which approxima...Thermal fatigue and high temperature wear are the two principle failure mechanisms for thixoforming dies. Samples of Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions which approximate thixoforming of steels and to sliding wear tests at 750 ℃. The experimental results thus obtained were compared with those of the X32CrMoV33 hot work tool steel. The Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 samples are much more resistant to oxidation and to softening than the hot work tool steel, providing a superior resistance to thermal fatigue cracking. The wear resistance of the Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys at 750 ℃ is also markedly superior. The adhesive oxides growing slowly on Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys sustain the wear action without spalling and are claimed to be responsible for the superior wear resistance of these alloys at 750 ℃.展开更多
The present work compares microstructures of hot work steels made by different processes, that is, by sprayforming,by casting, and a commercially supplied H13 steel. Material benefits are recognized by sprayforming ho...The present work compares microstructures of hot work steels made by different processes, that is, by sprayforming,by casting, and a commercially supplied H13 steel. Material benefits are recognized by sprayforming hot working tools such as die inserts for hot forging. The sprayformed hot work steels present a fine and homogeneous microstructure,which implies that, at a similar toughness level, the sprayformed steel can be higher alloyed, so that the thermal fatigue and wear resistance at elevated temperatures can be improved. A series of steels with higher vanadium content than commercial hot work steels are developed. There are no segregation and carbide network problems usually encountered in conventional ingot/forging processed high-vanadium steels. Microstructure and hardness of the new sprayformed steels are studied under different heat treatment conditions. It is justified that these sprayformed steels can be directly used for tooling without high temperature hardening. Sprayforming the tool steels onto a precision ceramic mould is demonstrated to extend the technoeconomical benefits, so that a net shape production tool can be rapidly made.Features of the rapid tooling process are also discussed.展开更多
Thixoforging is a type of semi-solid metal processing at high solid fraction (0.7<φs<1), which involves the processing of alloys in the semi-solid state.Tooling has to be adapted to this particular process to b...Thixoforging is a type of semi-solid metal processing at high solid fraction (0.7<φs<1), which involves the processing of alloys in the semi-solid state.Tooling has to be adapted to this particular process to benefit shear thinning and thixotropic behaviour of such semi-solid material.Tooling parameters, such as the forming speed and tool temperature, have to be accurately controlled because of their influence on thermal exchanges between material flow and tool.These thermal exchanges influence the high-cracking tendency and the rheology of the semi-solid material during forming, which affects parts properties and therefore their quality.Extrusion tests show how thermal exchanges influence quality of thixoforged parts made of 7075 aluminium alloys at high solid fraction by modifying process parameters like forming speed, tool temperature and tool thermal protector.Thus an optimum in terms of thermal exchanges has to be found between surface quality and mechanical properties of the part.A direct application is the evaluation of surface quality of thixoforged thin wall parts made of 7075 aluminium alloy.展开更多
X32CrMoV33 hot work tool steel samples coated with AlTiN and AlTiON were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions that approximate thixoforming of steels and to sliding wear tests at 750 ℃,measured to be the cav...X32CrMoV33 hot work tool steel samples coated with AlTiN and AlTiON were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions that approximate thixoforming of steels and to sliding wear tests at 750 ℃,measured to be the cavity surface temperature shortly after the steel slurry is forced into the thixoforming die.AlTiN and AlTiON coatings provide adequate protection against oxidation of the tool steel substrate,but fail to avoid thermal fatigue cracking.This is attributed to the extensive softening of the substrate,the thermal expansion mismatch between the hot work tool steel and the coatings and residual compressive stresses inherited from the deposition process.The impact of AlTiN and AlTiON coatings on the high temperature wear resistance,on the other hand,is favourable.The improved wear resistance is attributed to the stable,protective surface oxide films.展开更多
Rapid tooling technique based on the sterelithograph prototype is investigated. The epoxy tooling technological process was elucidated. It is analyzed in detail that the epoxy resin formula is easy to cast, curing pro...Rapid tooling technique based on the sterelithograph prototype is investigated. The epoxy tooling technological process was elucidated. It is analyzed in detail that the epoxy resin formula is easy to cast, curing process, and release agents. The transitional plaster model is also proposed. The mold to encrust mutual.inductors with epoxy and mold to inject plastic soapboxes was made with the technique The tooling needs very little time and cost, for the process is only to achieve the nice replica of the prototype. It is benefit for the trial and small batch of production.展开更多
The paper is to outline a new process for manufacturing rapid graphite electrode. It detailsthe steps in Providing integration with Rapid Prototyping (RP) into rapid electrode abrading Process.The key to this combinat...The paper is to outline a new process for manufacturing rapid graphite electrode. It detailsthe steps in Providing integration with Rapid Prototyping (RP) into rapid electrode abrading Process.The key to this combination is the successful model or patted creating using the RP technology.Significantly reduced lead-time, shortened learns curve, lowered revision changes cost and eliminatedor reduced mold polishing are the consequent results. high quality Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM) electrodes are sometimes difficult to be manufactured rapidly and are very time-consumingby conventional methods, even using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. Abradingprovides a simple way to create etuemely detailed and complex electrode to make molds in toolingmaking industries. Integration with the rapid development of the Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing(RP&M) technology, the rapid electrode abrading process has been regarded as one of the majorbreakthrough in tooling making technology.展开更多
In order to meet the rapid needs of processing square hole in mechanical equipment, the paper expounds the square hole processing method： planetary wheel method, and analyze the principle of tooling structure and pro...In order to meet the rapid needs of processing square hole in mechanical equipment, the paper expounds the square hole processing method： planetary wheel method, and analyze the principle of tooling structure and process with computer graphics parameters design. The results that, as long as the appropriate parameters, using the above method not only can punch the square hole, can also be processed triangle, the five angle and hexagonal regular polygon holes. The square hole processing method can provide theoretical basis and engineering reliable reference for related engineering and technical personnel.展开更多
A rapid wax injection tool of a gearbox shift fork was designed, simulated, and manufactured using rapid prototyping and rapid tooling technology to save time and cost of producing wax models used for the investment c...A rapid wax injection tool of a gearbox shift fork was designed, simulated, and manufactured using rapid prototyping and rapid tooling technology to save time and cost of producing wax models used for the investment casting process. CAE simulation softwares, in particular, MoldFlow, are used to get wax injection moulding parameters such as filling parameters, temperature profiles, freeze time, speed, and pressure. The results of this research were compared with conventional wax model production methods. The criteria of such comparison were based upon parameters such as time, cost, and other related characteristics, which resulted in saving of 50% in time and 60% in cost. In this research, design, assembly, and wax injection operation of the wax tool took 10 days. Considering the fact that wax melting temperature is as low as 70℃ and injection pressure of 0.5 MPa, the tool suffers no damage due to the thermal and pressure stresses, leading to the mass production of wax models.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)technologies are currently employed for the manufacturing of completely functional parts and have gained the attention of hightechnology industries such as the aerospace,automotive,and biomed...Additive manufacturing(AM)technologies are currently employed for the manufacturing of completely functional parts and have gained the attention of hightechnology industries such as the aerospace,automotive,and biomedical fields.This is mainly due to their advantages in terms of low material waste and high productivity,particularly owing to the flexibility in the geometries that can be generated.In the tooling industry,specifically the manufacturing of dies and molds,AM technologies enable the generation of complex shapes,internal cooling channels,the repair of damaged dies and molds,and an improved performance of dies and molds employing multipleAMmaterials.Inthepresentpaper,a reviewof AM processes and materials applied in the tooling industry for the generation of dies and molds is addressed.AM technologies used for tooling applications and the characteristics of the materials employed in this industry are first presented.In addition,the most relevant state-of-the-art approaches are analyzed with respect to the process parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties in the processing of high-performance tooling materials used in AM processes.Concretely,studies on the AM of ferrous(maraging steels and H13 steel alloy)and non-ferrous(stellite alloys and WC alloys)tooling alloys are also analyzed.展开更多
While the FAIR Principles do not specify a technical solution for'FAIRness',it was clear from the outset of the FAIR initiative that it would be useful to have commodity software and tooling that would simplif...While the FAIR Principles do not specify a technical solution for'FAIRness',it was clear from the outset of the FAIR initiative that it would be useful to have commodity software and tooling that would simplify the creation of FAIR-compliant resources.The FAIR Data Point is a metadata repository that follows the DCAT(2)schema,and utilizes the Linked Data Platform to manage the hierarchical metadata layers as LDP Containers.There has been a recent flurry of development activity around the FAIR Data Point that has significantly improved its power and ease-of-use.Here we describe five specific tools—an installer,a loader,two Webbased interfaces,and an indexer-aimed at maximizing the uptake and utility of the FAIR Data Point.展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Blüthner et al.The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the late detection of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis within a Germ...In this article,we comment on the article by Blüthner et al.The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the late detection of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis within a German cohort.It highlights the conse-quences on patient outcomes,particularly disease progression and the increased risk of developing complications.The study identifies specific predictors asso-ciated with both patient-related and physician-related delays,offering a detailed exploration of the initial approach.Additionally,the article delves into the distinct patterns observed in the German population,stressing the unique aspects of diagnostic delays that may differ from those reported in other regions.This detailed examination offers valuable insights into the specific challenges faced within the German healthcare system and underscores the necessity of targeted interventions to facilitate early diagnosis.The importance of improved screening tools,patient education,and better healthcare infrastructure is emphasized as crucial steps toward improving patient care in inflammatory bowel disease.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and poor prognosis, while health literacy is the goal of health education and an important outcome of health promotion, crucial for impr...Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and poor prognosis, while health literacy is the goal of health education and an important outcome of health promotion, crucial for improving health outcomes. Therefore, this paper reviews the conceptual evolution, theoretical models, and assessment tools of health literacy, as well as the current status, influencing factors, and intervention strategies of health literacy in CKD patients. The aim is to raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding health literacy in CKD and to provide a reference for further research on health literacy in CKD patients.展开更多
Background: Clinical decision support tools provide suggestions to support healthcare providers and clinicians, as they attend to patients. Clinicians use these tools to rapidly consult the evidence at the point of ca...Background: Clinical decision support tools provide suggestions to support healthcare providers and clinicians, as they attend to patients. Clinicians use these tools to rapidly consult the evidence at the point of care, a practice which has been found to reduce the time patients spend in hospitals, promote the quality of care and improve healthcare outcomes. Such tools include Medscape, VisualDx, Clinical Key, DynaMed, BMJ Best Practice and UpToDate. However, use of such tools has not yet been fully embraced in low-resource settings such as Uganda. Objective: This paper intends to collate data on the use and uptake of one such tool, UpToDate, which was provided at no cost to five medical schools in Uganda. Methods: Free access to UpToDate was granted through the IP addresses of five medical schools in Uganda in collaboration with Better Evidence at The Global Health Delivery Project at Harvard and Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Wolters Kluwer Health. Following the donation, medical librarians in the respective institutions conducted training sessions and created awareness of the tool. Usage data was aggregated, based on logins and content views, presented and analyzed using Excel tables and graphs. Results: The data shows similar trends in increased usage over the period of August 2022 to August 2023 across the five medical schools. The most common topics viewed, mode of access (using either the computer or the mobile app), total usage by institution, ratio of uses to eligible users by institution and ratio of uses to students by institution are shared. Conclusion: The study revealed that the tool was used by various user categories across the institutions with similar steady improved usage over the year. These results can inform the librarians as they encourage their respective institutions to continue using the tool to support uptake of point-of-care tools in clinical practice.展开更多
As global populations grow, the generation of various waste materials like fats, oils, and grease (FOG), fruit waste, and other perishable wastes increases concurrently. Disposal of these highly putrescible waste prod...As global populations grow, the generation of various waste materials like fats, oils, and grease (FOG), fruit waste, and other perishable wastes increases concurrently. Disposal of these highly putrescible waste products in landfills consumes valuable landfill space. Anaerobic digestion can transform these waste materials into valuable components, including fertilizer and biogas, reducing the demand for landfill space. The current study is based on the hypothesis that incorporating high-strength organic waste into conventional wastewater sludge can enhance the production of onsite biogas at wastewater treatment plants, therefore contributing to the reduction of the plant’s energy demands from the grid. The batch anaerobic biodegradability test assays were performed for 63 days to observe the impact on the biomethane yield from adding high-strength organic waste to the wastewater sludge and to investigate the combined effects of co-digesting two different preselected high-strength organic waste streams. Additionally, physicochemical characterization was performed on different fruit waste juicing residuals to indicate which fruit wastes might increase anaerobic digestion efficiency. The highest methane yield of 243 mL/gVS and 280 mL/gVS, respectively, were obtained with two mixtures having 10% FOG as the sole substrate and 10% FOG along with 10% fruit waste. The study also assessed the siloxane concentrations present as trace contaminants in the biogas samples. An initial economic feasibility assessment of food waste co-digestion at two wastewater treatment plants in Florida was conducted using the Co-Digestion Economic Analysis Tool (CoEAT) model. Based on the laboratory results, the analysis indicated a net positive benefit of $39,472 for a medium-sized plant (10 - 30 MGD capacity) and $52,488 for a larger plant (>30 MGD capacity) after 15 years, while diverting 10 - 18 tons/day of food waste from landfills with an anticipated minimal increase in sludge volume production at food waste additions less than 10% of the digester feed as stated in the literature.展开更多
We are now in the era of big data for biodiversity science.More and larger datasets on species geographic distributions,community composition,and functional traits are now becoming more increasingly than ever before.C...We are now in the era of big data for biodiversity science.More and larger datasets on species geographic distributions,community composition,and functional traits are now becoming more increasingly than ever before.Correctly applying taxon names is a prerequisite for robust biodiversity studies of all taxonomic groups.展开更多
To describe and analyze the current status of benefit-finding research in patients with chronic diseases and to provide a reference for clinical practice and future research in this field.Using Arksey and O’Malley’s...To describe and analyze the current status of benefit-finding research in patients with chronic diseases and to provide a reference for clinical practice and future research in this field.Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology as a framework,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,and CINAHL(4 English databases);and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals,the Wan Fang Database and China Biomedical Database(4 Chinese databases)for literature on benefit finding in patients with chronic diseases,with a search time frame of construction to April 20,2024,and the literature was screened,extracted,and summarized.A total of 44 papers were included,comprising 18 in Chinese and 26 in English.Among them,a total of 19 assessment tools were used,and the influential factors investigated were categorized into socio-demographic characteristics,disease-related characteristics,psychological and behavioral characteristics,coping styles,and social support.Benefit finding is found to be a positive psychological experience and important for patients with chronic diseases,and the influencing factors are complex and diverse,with a wide range of assessment tools.However,domestic tools lack autonomy and specificity.Clinical caregivers and staff should develop relevant assessment tools and formulate a personalized research plan based on the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in China to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles by patients with chronic diseases,improve their self-management ability,and provide a practical basis for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases.展开更多
文摘Based on the theory of elastic mechanics and material mechanics, the orientation precision of the hohl schaft kegel（HSK） tooling system in static and dynamic states is theoretically and experimentally studied. The relation between the clamping force and the shank taper is obtained. And a proper clamping force is found to be essential to assure the axial and radial orientation precisions of the HSK tooling system in high speed machining （HSM）. Analytical results show that the reason why the HSK tooling system can keep high precision at the high rotational speed is that the actual axial clamping force keeps the two surfaces of the shank and the spindle in contact all the time.
文摘According to the structure of the hohl schaft kegel（HSK） tooling system and its working principle, a mechanical model of the HSK tooling system is established. Major factors influencing the stiffness of the system are analyzed and the relationship between the load and the manufacturing quality is obtained. The basic rule of the stiffness variation is presented and the theoretical analysis is in a good agreement with experimental results. The dynamic stiffness must also be considered to evaluate the performance of the tooling system besides the staticstiffness. Finally, the selecting principles of the HSK types are proposed and their optimum operating conditions are established.
文摘Thermal fatigue and high temperature wear are the two principle failure mechanisms for thixoforming dies. Samples of Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions which approximate thixoforming of steels and to sliding wear tests at 750 ℃. The experimental results thus obtained were compared with those of the X32CrMoV33 hot work tool steel. The Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 samples are much more resistant to oxidation and to softening than the hot work tool steel, providing a superior resistance to thermal fatigue cracking. The wear resistance of the Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys at 750 ℃ is also markedly superior. The adhesive oxides growing slowly on Inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys sustain the wear action without spalling and are claimed to be responsible for the superior wear resistance of these alloys at 750 ℃.
文摘The present work compares microstructures of hot work steels made by different processes, that is, by sprayforming,by casting, and a commercially supplied H13 steel. Material benefits are recognized by sprayforming hot working tools such as die inserts for hot forging. The sprayformed hot work steels present a fine and homogeneous microstructure,which implies that, at a similar toughness level, the sprayformed steel can be higher alloyed, so that the thermal fatigue and wear resistance at elevated temperatures can be improved. A series of steels with higher vanadium content than commercial hot work steels are developed. There are no segregation and carbide network problems usually encountered in conventional ingot/forging processed high-vanadium steels. Microstructure and hardness of the new sprayformed steels are studied under different heat treatment conditions. It is justified that these sprayformed steels can be directly used for tooling without high temperature hardening. Sprayforming the tool steels onto a precision ceramic mould is demonstrated to extend the technoeconomical benefits, so that a net shape production tool can be rapidly made.Features of the rapid tooling process are also discussed.
基金University of Liège,Walloon Region (First Europe Program Convention n°"NEP" 415824,THIXALU Project and MAGAL Project) and the COST 541 for their financial support
文摘Thixoforging is a type of semi-solid metal processing at high solid fraction (0.7<φs<1), which involves the processing of alloys in the semi-solid state.Tooling has to be adapted to this particular process to benefit shear thinning and thixotropic behaviour of such semi-solid material.Tooling parameters, such as the forming speed and tool temperature, have to be accurately controlled because of their influence on thermal exchanges between material flow and tool.These thermal exchanges influence the high-cracking tendency and the rheology of the semi-solid material during forming, which affects parts properties and therefore their quality.Extrusion tests show how thermal exchanges influence quality of thixoforged parts made of 7075 aluminium alloys at high solid fraction by modifying process parameters like forming speed, tool temperature and tool thermal protector.Thus an optimum in terms of thermal exchanges has to be found between surface quality and mechanical properties of the part.A direct application is the evaluation of surface quality of thixoforged thin wall parts made of 7075 aluminium alloy.
文摘X32CrMoV33 hot work tool steel samples coated with AlTiN and AlTiON were submitted to thermal cycling under conditions that approximate thixoforming of steels and to sliding wear tests at 750 ℃,measured to be the cavity surface temperature shortly after the steel slurry is forced into the thixoforming die.AlTiN and AlTiON coatings provide adequate protection against oxidation of the tool steel substrate,but fail to avoid thermal fatigue cracking.This is attributed to the extensive softening of the substrate,the thermal expansion mismatch between the hot work tool steel and the coatings and residual compressive stresses inherited from the deposition process.The impact of AlTiN and AlTiON coatings on the high temperature wear resistance,on the other hand,is favourable.The improved wear resistance is attributed to the stable,protective surface oxide films.
文摘Rapid tooling technique based on the sterelithograph prototype is investigated. The epoxy tooling technological process was elucidated. It is analyzed in detail that the epoxy resin formula is easy to cast, curing process, and release agents. The transitional plaster model is also proposed. The mold to encrust mutual.inductors with epoxy and mold to inject plastic soapboxes was made with the technique The tooling needs very little time and cost, for the process is only to achieve the nice replica of the prototype. It is benefit for the trial and small batch of production.
文摘The paper is to outline a new process for manufacturing rapid graphite electrode. It detailsthe steps in Providing integration with Rapid Prototyping (RP) into rapid electrode abrading Process.The key to this combination is the successful model or patted creating using the RP technology.Significantly reduced lead-time, shortened learns curve, lowered revision changes cost and eliminatedor reduced mold polishing are the consequent results. high quality Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM) electrodes are sometimes difficult to be manufactured rapidly and are very time-consumingby conventional methods, even using Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines. Abradingprovides a simple way to create etuemely detailed and complex electrode to make molds in toolingmaking industries. Integration with the rapid development of the Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing(RP&M) technology, the rapid electrode abrading process has been regarded as one of the majorbreakthrough in tooling making technology.
文摘In order to meet the rapid needs of processing square hole in mechanical equipment, the paper expounds the square hole processing method： planetary wheel method, and analyze the principle of tooling structure and process with computer graphics parameters design. The results that, as long as the appropriate parameters, using the above method not only can punch the square hole, can also be processed triangle, the five angle and hexagonal regular polygon holes. The square hole processing method can provide theoretical basis and engineering reliable reference for related engineering and technical personnel.
基金the Rapid Prototyping & Tool-ing Branch of SAPCO Part Supplier of Car Manufacturing Co. of Iran-Khodro and POULADIR Investment Casting Company for supporting this project
文摘A rapid wax injection tool of a gearbox shift fork was designed, simulated, and manufactured using rapid prototyping and rapid tooling technology to save time and cost of producing wax models used for the investment casting process. CAE simulation softwares, in particular, MoldFlow, are used to get wax injection moulding parameters such as filling parameters, temperature profiles, freeze time, speed, and pressure. The results of this research were compared with conventional wax model production methods. The criteria of such comparison were based upon parameters such as time, cost, and other related characteristics, which resulted in saving of 50% in time and 60% in cost. In this research, design, assembly, and wax injection operation of the wax tool took 10 days. Considering the fact that wax melting temperature is as low as 70℃ and injection pressure of 0.5 MPa, the tool suffers no damage due to the thermal and pressure stresses, leading to the mass production of wax models.
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)technologies are currently employed for the manufacturing of completely functional parts and have gained the attention of hightechnology industries such as the aerospace,automotive,and biomedical fields.This is mainly due to their advantages in terms of low material waste and high productivity,particularly owing to the flexibility in the geometries that can be generated.In the tooling industry,specifically the manufacturing of dies and molds,AM technologies enable the generation of complex shapes,internal cooling channels,the repair of damaged dies and molds,and an improved performance of dies and molds employing multipleAMmaterials.Inthepresentpaper,a reviewof AM processes and materials applied in the tooling industry for the generation of dies and molds is addressed.AM technologies used for tooling applications and the characteristics of the materials employed in this industry are first presented.In addition,the most relevant state-of-the-art approaches are analyzed with respect to the process parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties in the processing of high-performance tooling materials used in AM processes.Concretely,studies on the AM of ferrous(maraging steels and H13 steel alloy)and non-ferrous(stellite alloys and WC alloys)tooling alloys are also analyzed.
基金supported by Czech Technical University in Prague grant No.SGS20/209/OHK3/3T/18.LOBSS,RK and KB are partially funded by funding from the Horizon2020 projects FAIRsFAIR grant No.831558.
文摘While the FAIR Principles do not specify a technical solution for'FAIRness',it was clear from the outset of the FAIR initiative that it would be useful to have commodity software and tooling that would simplify the creation of FAIR-compliant resources.The FAIR Data Point is a metadata repository that follows the DCAT(2)schema,and utilizes the Linked Data Platform to manage the hierarchical metadata layers as LDP Containers.There has been a recent flurry of development activity around the FAIR Data Point that has significantly improved its power and ease-of-use.Here we describe five specific tools—an installer,a loader,two Webbased interfaces,and an indexer-aimed at maximizing the uptake and utility of the FAIR Data Point.
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Blüthner et al.The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the late detection of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis within a German cohort.It highlights the conse-quences on patient outcomes,particularly disease progression and the increased risk of developing complications.The study identifies specific predictors asso-ciated with both patient-related and physician-related delays,offering a detailed exploration of the initial approach.Additionally,the article delves into the distinct patterns observed in the German population,stressing the unique aspects of diagnostic delays that may differ from those reported in other regions.This detailed examination offers valuable insights into the specific challenges faced within the German healthcare system and underscores the necessity of targeted interventions to facilitate early diagnosis.The importance of improved screening tools,patient education,and better healthcare infrastructure is emphasized as crucial steps toward improving patient care in inflammatory bowel disease.
文摘Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and poor prognosis, while health literacy is the goal of health education and an important outcome of health promotion, crucial for improving health outcomes. Therefore, this paper reviews the conceptual evolution, theoretical models, and assessment tools of health literacy, as well as the current status, influencing factors, and intervention strategies of health literacy in CKD patients. The aim is to raise awareness among healthcare professionals regarding health literacy in CKD and to provide a reference for further research on health literacy in CKD patients.
文摘Background: Clinical decision support tools provide suggestions to support healthcare providers and clinicians, as they attend to patients. Clinicians use these tools to rapidly consult the evidence at the point of care, a practice which has been found to reduce the time patients spend in hospitals, promote the quality of care and improve healthcare outcomes. Such tools include Medscape, VisualDx, Clinical Key, DynaMed, BMJ Best Practice and UpToDate. However, use of such tools has not yet been fully embraced in low-resource settings such as Uganda. Objective: This paper intends to collate data on the use and uptake of one such tool, UpToDate, which was provided at no cost to five medical schools in Uganda. Methods: Free access to UpToDate was granted through the IP addresses of five medical schools in Uganda in collaboration with Better Evidence at The Global Health Delivery Project at Harvard and Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Wolters Kluwer Health. Following the donation, medical librarians in the respective institutions conducted training sessions and created awareness of the tool. Usage data was aggregated, based on logins and content views, presented and analyzed using Excel tables and graphs. Results: The data shows similar trends in increased usage over the period of August 2022 to August 2023 across the five medical schools. The most common topics viewed, mode of access (using either the computer or the mobile app), total usage by institution, ratio of uses to eligible users by institution and ratio of uses to students by institution are shared. Conclusion: The study revealed that the tool was used by various user categories across the institutions with similar steady improved usage over the year. These results can inform the librarians as they encourage their respective institutions to continue using the tool to support uptake of point-of-care tools in clinical practice.
文摘As global populations grow, the generation of various waste materials like fats, oils, and grease (FOG), fruit waste, and other perishable wastes increases concurrently. Disposal of these highly putrescible waste products in landfills consumes valuable landfill space. Anaerobic digestion can transform these waste materials into valuable components, including fertilizer and biogas, reducing the demand for landfill space. The current study is based on the hypothesis that incorporating high-strength organic waste into conventional wastewater sludge can enhance the production of onsite biogas at wastewater treatment plants, therefore contributing to the reduction of the plant’s energy demands from the grid. The batch anaerobic biodegradability test assays were performed for 63 days to observe the impact on the biomethane yield from adding high-strength organic waste to the wastewater sludge and to investigate the combined effects of co-digesting two different preselected high-strength organic waste streams. Additionally, physicochemical characterization was performed on different fruit waste juicing residuals to indicate which fruit wastes might increase anaerobic digestion efficiency. The highest methane yield of 243 mL/gVS and 280 mL/gVS, respectively, were obtained with two mixtures having 10% FOG as the sole substrate and 10% FOG along with 10% fruit waste. The study also assessed the siloxane concentrations present as trace contaminants in the biogas samples. An initial economic feasibility assessment of food waste co-digestion at two wastewater treatment plants in Florida was conducted using the Co-Digestion Economic Analysis Tool (CoEAT) model. Based on the laboratory results, the analysis indicated a net positive benefit of $39,472 for a medium-sized plant (10 - 30 MGD capacity) and $52,488 for a larger plant (>30 MGD capacity) after 15 years, while diverting 10 - 18 tons/day of food waste from landfills with an anticipated minimal increase in sludge volume production at food waste additions less than 10% of the digester feed as stated in the literature.
基金supported by the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2023ZKZD36).
文摘We are now in the era of big data for biodiversity science.More and larger datasets on species geographic distributions,community composition,and functional traits are now becoming more increasingly than ever before.Correctly applying taxon names is a prerequisite for robust biodiversity studies of all taxonomic groups.
文摘To describe and analyze the current status of benefit-finding research in patients with chronic diseases and to provide a reference for clinical practice and future research in this field.Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology as a framework,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,and CINAHL(4 English databases);and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals,the Wan Fang Database and China Biomedical Database(4 Chinese databases)for literature on benefit finding in patients with chronic diseases,with a search time frame of construction to April 20,2024,and the literature was screened,extracted,and summarized.A total of 44 papers were included,comprising 18 in Chinese and 26 in English.Among them,a total of 19 assessment tools were used,and the influential factors investigated were categorized into socio-demographic characteristics,disease-related characteristics,psychological and behavioral characteristics,coping styles,and social support.Benefit finding is found to be a positive psychological experience and important for patients with chronic diseases,and the influencing factors are complex and diverse,with a wide range of assessment tools.However,domestic tools lack autonomy and specificity.Clinical caregivers and staff should develop relevant assessment tools and formulate a personalized research plan based on the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in China to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles by patients with chronic diseases,improve their self-management ability,and provide a practical basis for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases.
