Non-a-tocopherols are hydroxymethylated and hydrogenated to produce α-tocopherol in one pot process by simultaneously reacting with paraformaldehyde and hydrogen in the presence of catalysts of benzenesulfonic acid a...Non-a-tocopherols are hydroxymethylated and hydrogenated to produce α-tocopherol in one pot process by simultaneously reacting with paraformaldehyde and hydrogen in the presence of catalysts of benzenesulfonic acid and 5% Pd/C in an autoclave. Effects of various operation conditions have been studied. The preferable reaction conditions are: temperature 180 ℃ to 200 ℃, pressure 5.0 MPa, acid concentration 0.5 g/100 ml ethanol, mass ratio of Pd/C to tocopherols 7.1 g/100 g, and reaction time 5.0 h. A product with α-tocopherol content of 80% was obtained by using a raw material with a total tocopherols content of 80.54%. The conversion of non-α-tocopherols is almost 100%, and the mole yield of a-tocopherol is more than 90%.展开更多
Since a-tocopherol has special biological and nutritional activities, it is important to convert non-a-tocopherols to a-tocopherol. This paper focuses on the effects of residence time, pressure, temperature and the ma...Since a-tocopherol has special biological and nutritional activities, it is important to convert non-a-tocopherols to a-tocopherol. This paper focuses on the effects of residence time, pressure, temperature and the mass ratio of formaldehyde to tocopherols on the content of a-tocopherol, the conversion of non-a-tocopherols, the selectivity and yield of a-tocopherol in a fixed-bed reactor. The reactor is made from φ12 (I.D.)×360mm stainless steel pipe. It is packed with a mixture of 5% Pd/C and cation exchange resin catalysts. Preliminary results indicated the suitable operation conditions are pressure 5.0 MPa, temperature 180℃, and mass ratio of formaldehyde to tocopherols 2.0. A product of more than 50% a-tocopherol content has been obtained by using 88.85% mixed tocopherols as raw material.展开更多
Objective:Tocotrienols(T3s)have been hypothesized to have greater antioxidant capacity than tocopherols(Ts)due to differences in biokinetics that affect their absorption and function.The present trial compares the ant...Objective:Tocotrienols(T3s)have been hypothesized to have greater antioxidant capacity than tocopherols(Ts)due to differences in biokinetics that affect their absorption and function.The present trial compares the antioxidant effectiveness following postprandial challenge of two different doses ofα-T or palm T3-rich fraction(TRF)treatments and evaluates their dose-response effects on antioxidant status.Methods:Ten healthy volunteers were given four different doses of vitamin E formulations(268 mgα-T,537 mgα-T,263 mg TRF or 526 mg TRF)in a cross-over postprandial trial.Blood was sampled at 0,2,4,5,6 and 8 hours after meal consumption and plasma antioxidant status including total glutathione,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde(MDA),ferric reducing antioxidant potential and trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity,was analyzed.Results:Supplementation with the different doses of eitherα-T or TRF did not significantly improve overall antioxidant status.There was no significant difference in overall antioxidant status among treatments at the different doses compared.However,a significant dose-response effect was observed for plasma MDA throughout the 8-hour postprandial period.MDA was significantly lower after the 537 mgα-T treatment,compared to the 268 mgα-T treatment;it was also lower after the 526 mg TRF treatment compared to the 263 mg TRF treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:T3 andα-T demonstrated similar antioxidant capacity,despite markedly lower levels of T3 in blood and lipoproteins,compared toα-T.展开更多
Tocopherols(vitamin E)play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity,and plantderived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human diet.Although soybean(Glycinemax)is one of the...Tocopherols(vitamin E)play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity,and plantderived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human diet.Although soybean(Glycinemax)is one of themain sources of plant-derived oil and tocopherol in the world,the relationship between tocopherol and oil in soybean seeds remains unclear.Here,we focus on dissecting tocopherol metabolism with the longterm goal of increasing a-tocopherol content and soybean oil quality.We first collected tocopherol and fatty acid profiles in a soybean population(>800 soybean accessions)and found that tocopherol content increased during soybean domestication.A strong positive correlation between tocopherol and oil content was also detected.Five tocopherol pathway–related lociwere identified using a metabolite genome-wide association study strategy.Genetic variations in three tocopherol pathway genes were responsible for total tocopherol content and composition in the soybean population through effects on enzyme activity,mainly caused by non-conserved amino acid substitution or changes in gene transcription level.Moreover,the fatty acid regulatory transcription factor GmZF351 directly activated tocopherol pathway gene expression,increasing both fatty acid and tocopherol contents in soybean seeds.Our study reveals the functional differentiation of tocopherol pathway genes in soybean populations and provides a framework for development of new soybean varieties with high a-tocopherol content and oil quality in seeds.展开更多
Effects of five different breeds(Landrace×Large White,Landrace,Large White,Duroc and Pietrain)and two lactation stages(colostrum and milk)on phospholipids and their fatty acids compositions,cholesterol,and tocoph...Effects of five different breeds(Landrace×Large White,Landrace,Large White,Duroc and Pietrain)and two lactation stages(colostrum and milk)on phospholipids and their fatty acids compositions,cholesterol,and tocopherols in sow milks(n=100)were investigated in the present study.Six classes of phospholipids were identified using 31P NMR spectroscopy,with the total phospholipid levels ranging from 56.84 to 151.02μmol/100 mL.Sphingomyelin(SM)was the most abundant phospholipids(33.57%-48.00%)in both colostrum and milk.Colostrum contained higher percentages of SM,phosphatidylserine(PS),phosphatidylinositol(PI),and ethanolamine plasmalogen(EPLAS)than those in milk,while milk contained higher percentages of phosphatidylcholine(PC),and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE).C16:0 and C18:0,accounting for more than 80%of the saturated fatty acids of phospholipids in both colostrum and milk,decreased throughout the lactation.The average cholesterol concentration in colostrum was 430.60 mg/100 g fat,which was significantly lower than that in milk(646.44 mg/100 g fat).α-Tocopherol levels in Landrace×Large White breed were 38.35 and 15.91 mg/100 g fat in colostrum and milk,respectively,which were significantly higher than other breeds;while no significant variations inβ-,γ-,andδ-tocopherols were noted among different breeds.The results demonstrated that lactation stages and breeds were mainly responsible for the significant differences of phospholipids,cholesterol,and tocopherols,providing a theoretical guidance for the manufacture of commercial formula of piglets.展开更多
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of carnosic acid(CA),selenised yeast(^(Y)Se)and selenate(^(VI)Se)supplemented to diets,including fish oil(FO)and rapeseed oil(RO),on the content of fatty acids,t...The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of carnosic acid(CA),selenised yeast(^(Y)Se)and selenate(^(VI)Se)supplemented to diets,including fish oil(FO)and rapeseed oil(RO),on the content of fatty acids,total cholesterol(TCh),tocopherols and malondialdehyde in the fat located between the thigh muscles and the heart in lambs.Twenty-four male Corriedale lambs were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals.Animals were fed a diet with FO and RO(the control diet)or experimental diets containing RO,FO and CA with/without Se(as^(Y)Se or^(VI)Se).The experimental diets without/with^(Y)Se or^(VI)Se changed concentrations of fatty acids in the fat and heart compared to the control.All experimental diets increased the levels of c11c14C20:2,c5c8c11c14C20:4,c5c8c11c14c17C20:5 and the sums of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LPUFA)and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in the fat compared to the control.The experimental diet containing^(Y)Se or^(VI)Se increased the content of Se,TCh,c11c14C20:2,c8c11c14C20:3,c5c8c11c14C20:4,c5c8c11c14c17C20:5,c7c10c13c16c19C22:5,c4c7c10c13c16c19C22:6 and the concentration sum of n-3LPUFA,n-6LPUFA and tocopherols in the heart in comparison with the control diet and the diet containing only CA.Experimental diets reduced the concentration of malon-dialdehyde in the fat and heart in comparison with the control diet.Our dietary intervention has great potential for future practical and commercial implementations.展开更多
Tocopherols belong to a subgroup of the vitamin E family. Dietary feeding of a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols(γ-Tm T) inhibits prostate tumorigenesis in TRAMP mice. In this study, we aimed to investigate m...Tocopherols belong to a subgroup of the vitamin E family. Dietary feeding of a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols(γ-Tm T) inhibits prostate tumorigenesis in TRAMP mice. In this study, we aimed to investigate mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice by identifying differentially expressed pathways and effects of γ-Tm T on these pathways. Eight-week-old TRAMP and age-matched C57BL/6 mice were administered either 600 mg/kg of γ-Tm T or a control vehicle via oral gavage. Twelve hours after dosing, prostate tissues were collected for RNA extraction. Whole genome mouse microarrays were used to examine gene expression profiles. The expression of the selected genes were validated using quantitative PCR. Thousands of genes and various pathways were altered in the prostates of TRAMP mice. Compared to C57BL/6 mice, TRAMP mice exhibited enhanced proliferation, suppressed expression of antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes, and metabolic reprogramming in the prostate. γ-Tm T differentially regulated the gene expression profiles of TRAMP and C57BL/6 mice, with only a small percentage of genes overlapping. γ-Tm T inhibited genes involved in proliferation and glucose metabolism and induced several antioxidant/phase II detoxification genes in TRAMP mice. γ-Tm T modulates multiple aberrant pathways in the prostate of TRAMP mice, which might represent important mechanisms for prostate cancer prevention.展开更多
Tocopherols （Tocs） are vital scavengers of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and important seed oil quality indicators. Nitrogen （N） is one of the most important fertilizers in promoting biomass and grain yield in c...Tocopherols （Tocs） are vital scavengers of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and important seed oil quality indicators. Nitrogen （N） is one of the most important fertilizers in promoting biomass and grain yield in crop production. However, the effect of different sources and application rates of N on seed Toc contents in oilseed rape is poorly understood. In this study, pot trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of two sources of N fertilizer （urea and ammonium nitrate）. Each source was applied to five oilseed rape genotypes （Zheshuang 72, Jiu-Er-1358, Zheshuang 758, Shiralee, and Pakola） at three different application rates （0.41 g/pot （N1）, 0.81 g/pot （N2）, and 1.20 g/pot （N3））. Results indicated that urea increased α-, y-, and total Toc （T-Toc） more than did ammonium nitrate. N3 was proven as the most efficient application rate, which yielded high contents of y-Toc and T-Toc. Highly significant correlations were observed between Toc isomers, T-Toc, and α-/y-Toc ratio. These results clearly demonstrate that N sources and application rates significantly affect seed Toc contents in oilseed rape.展开更多
Pumpkin belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae,which comprises several species that has economical as well as agronomical importance.All parts of pumpkin are edible and laden with beneficial neutraceutical compounds.P...Pumpkin belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae,which comprises several species that has economical as well as agronomical importance.All parts of pumpkin are edible and laden with beneficial neutraceutical compounds.Pumpkin seeds are valuable source protein which can help in eradicating protein malnutrition and lipids(rich in PUFAs)contains essential as well as non essential fatty acids which prevents from various ailments like cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.Since,seeds of pumpkin are abundant in macro(magnesium,phosphorous,potassium,sodium and calcium)and micro minerals(iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium),they can be used as an incredible dietary supplement which in turn helps in curbing various deficiency disorders.This review enlightens the characteristics of pumpkin seeds,process of valorization of pumpkin seeds and the effect of processing on their nutritional composition which have been studied currently with the aim to use this wonder seeds for human wellbeing.Pumpkin seeds possess many bioactive compounds like polyphenols,flavonoids,phytosterols and squalene which makes it a lucrative raw material for pharmacological and food industries.Pumpkin seeds work as anti-depressant and helps majorly in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia(BHP).Daily consumption of pumpkin seeds can reduce the chances of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.Pumpkin seeds are rich in tocopherols and can be used for oil extraction for edible purposes and utilized in other food formulations for future use.展开更多
Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and...Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress conditions.Methods Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,respectively.Pigs(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water vs.feed(P=0.002).Liver vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,P<0.001),and was greater(P<0.05)for antioxidant supplementation compared to control.Cellular proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was reduced by vitamin E sup-plementations under heat stress(interaction,P<0.001).Conclusions The addition of the antioxidants in feed or in drinking water did not alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on feed intake and growth rate of growing pigs.展开更多
Phytochemicals（including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals,phenolic compounds and so on） are one of the most important groups of the bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits, benefit for human ...Phytochemicals（including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals,phenolic compounds and so on） are one of the most important groups of the bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits, benefit for human health. The phytochemicals biosynthesis is affected by environmental factors, and light in particular. Light effects can be categorized in photoperiod, intensity and quality. While it is widely known that light intensity can positively affect phytochemicals accumulation, the effects of light quality are more complex and often reported with mixed results. So this review focuses on the currently knowledge about different light quality on the control of phytochemicals biosynthesis. A better knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms will be useful for modifying phytochemicals biosynthesis in vegetables and fruits.展开更多
This review focuses on the roles antioxidants and prooxidants in colorectal cancer(CRC).Considerable evidence suggests that environmental factors play key roles in the incidence of sporadic CRC.If pro-oxidant factors ...This review focuses on the roles antioxidants and prooxidants in colorectal cancer(CRC).Considerable evidence suggests that environmental factors play key roles in the incidence of sporadic CRC.If pro-oxidant factors play an etiological role in CRC it is reasonable to expect causal interconnections between the wellcharacterized risk factors for CRC,oxidative stress and genotoxicity.Cigarette smoking,a high dietary consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and alcohol intake are all associated with increased CRC risk.These risk factors are all pro-oxidant stressors and their connections to oxidative stress,the intestinal microbiome,intestinal microfold cells,cyclooxygenase-2 and CRCare detailed in this review.While a strong case can be made for pro-oxidant stressors in causing CRC,the role of food antioxidants in preventing CRC is less certain.It is clear that not every micronutrient with antioxidant activity can prevent CRC.It is plausible,however,that the optimal food antioxidants for preventing CRC have not yet been critically evaluated.Increasing evidence suggests that RRR-gamma-tocopherol(the primary dietary form of vitamin E)or other"non-alpha-tocopherol"forms of vitamin E(e.g.,tocotrienols)might be effective.Aspirin is an antioxidant and its consumption is linked to a decreased risk of CRC.展开更多
To reveal the characteristic chemicals of walnuts from different origins, we analyzed fatty acid composition,tocopherols, phytosterols and total phenolic content (TPC) of walnuts from three main producing regions inCh...To reveal the characteristic chemicals of walnuts from different origins, we analyzed fatty acid composition,tocopherols, phytosterols and total phenolic content (TPC) of walnuts from three main producing regions inChina. The results showed that walnuts were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fattyacids was close to the recommendation of Chinese Nutrition Society. Moreover, walnuts contain high contents oftocopherols (331.20–414.71 mg/kg), phytosterols (97.17–110.35 mg/100 g) and phenols (38.51–48.08 mg GAE/kg). Significant chemical differences exist among walnuts from three production regions. The highest content ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids was found in walnuts from the northern China, the highest content of tocopherols inwalnuts from southwest China, and the highest contents of phytosterol and TPC in walnuts from northwest China.However, there was no significant difference in the tocopherol, phytosterol and TPC content of walnuts betweenthe Northern China and Northwest China. The above results provide important references for manufacturers andconsumers to select suitable walnut scientifically and reasonably.展开更多
In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol compositions of Pinus koraiensis L.nut oils were evaluated, and the impact of different extraction technologies on the overall quality...In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol compositions of Pinus koraiensis L.nut oils were evaluated, and the impact of different extraction technologies on the overall quality of pine nut oil was assessed. All the pine nut oils had pleasant and characteristic odor and flavor of the pine nuts and the flavor of the oil from hot-pressing was strongest. The oils obtained by hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction had less deterioration, indicating hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction preserve the oil quality well. Gas chromatography showed that the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid(45.36%–45.91%), followed by oleic acid(26.91%–27.10%), and pinolenic acid(13.33%–13.63%), respectively. The oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake and sub-critical extraction were richer in tocopherols and tocotrienols, namely, 37.52 and 36.18 mg/100 g, respectively, with α-tocopherol most abundant. The pine nut oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake,hexane extraction, cold pressing, and sub-critical extraction had better oxidation stability with the oxidation induction times of 6.91, 5.27, 4.96 and 4.93 h, respectively. Based on its features, P. koraiensis nut oil may have the multiple application in edible oil, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. P. koraiensis can be one of the good woody candidates for closing the gap between the demand and production of vegetable oils.展开更多
As a member of nuts, walnut is consumed from snacks to salads and desserts to entrees and an importantpart of human diet for centuries. Walnut biological and nutritional value is also enhanced by its valuable protein ...As a member of nuts, walnut is consumed from snacks to salads and desserts to entrees and an importantpart of human diet for centuries. Walnut biological and nutritional value is also enhanced by its valuable protein and rich in nutrient composition such as vitamins and minerals. The most important characteristic of walnut oil is the abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which makes it a unique food because of high amount of linoleic acid. Due to having valuable protein, vitamins and minerals it enhances biological and nourishment value, also. Recent epidemiological studies showed that consumption of walnut reduce cardiovascular diseases due to the rich in antioxidant properties, valuable fatty acids and tochopherols contents. In Turkey, walnut production and consumption increases year by year. The kernel of walnut genotypes shows variability in terms of their fat, fatty acid and tocopherol profiles. In this paper, it was aimed to characterize 10 walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars (Bilecik, Chandler, Hartley, Howard, Maras 12, Maras 18, Midland, Pedro, Sen and Serr) based on their fatty acid profiles using GC (Gas Chromatography), tocopherol and its isomers by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and total phenol content with spectrometric methods. Among the walnut cultivars “Hartley” was the highest linoleic acid (64.56%) and “Howard” was the α-linolenic acid 13.26 (%). The highest values of α (38.76 μg/g), β + γ (312.19 μg/g) and δ-tocopherol (40.77 μg/g) and total phenol (349 mg GAE/100 g ext) content were detected in “Sen” cultivar. Obtained results might be significant for further breeding programme to improve rich in especially γ-tocopherol linoleic acids and total phenolic compounds.展开更多
As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decidetheir development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oil...As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decidetheir development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oilswere investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained asfollows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively;(2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid(76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%);(3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed andherbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively);(4)the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 g (siritchoil);and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 g), followed by perilla seed oil(55.89 mg/100 g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 g). Thecomparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritionalvalues and health care functions.展开更多
This study gives an overview on the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of Bronte’s pistachio (Pistacia vera, L., cv. Bianca) from Sicily (Italy). Bronte’s pistachios are ...This study gives an overview on the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of Bronte’s pistachio (Pistacia vera, L., cv. Bianca) from Sicily (Italy). Bronte’s pistachios are rich in fat, protein, dietary fiber, trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg, Na). Lipids mainly consist of MUFA (33.8 g/100g), primarily oleic acid (32.4 g/ 100g);PUFA is mostly represented by linoleic acid (7.49 g/100g). Bronte’s pistachios are also a valuable source of bioactive compounds such as total polyphenols (501.5 mg/100g), lutein (1.26 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.18 mg/100g), γ-tocopherol (19.2 mg/100g) and phytosterols (134.4 mg/100g). Among phytosterols, the main is β-sitosterol (86% of total content), followed by Δ5-avenasterol (6.3%). Phytic acid content is 1763 mg/100g;Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and Ins(1,2,3,4,5,)P5 have been detected too (31 mg/100g and 10 mg/100g, respectively). The antioxidant activity was determined both in hydrophilic and lipophilic fraction of pistachios, showing >80% of the total antioxidant activity in the hydrophilic, predominately due to phenolic compounds.展开更多
Chickpea is an important pulse crop with a wide range of potential nutritional benefits because of its chemical composition. The purpose of the current work was to provide the chemical composition of “kabuli”-type c...Chickpea is an important pulse crop with a wide range of potential nutritional benefits because of its chemical composition. The purpose of the current work was to provide the chemical composition of “kabuli”-type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) developed in Argentina for nutritional purpose. Protein, oil and ash contents, fatty acid, tocopherol and mineral element compositions were studied. Among the studied genotypes, protein content ranged from 18.46 to 24.46 g/100g, oil content ranged from 5.68 to 9.01 g/100g and ash from 3.55 to 4.46 g/100g. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were the most abundant fatty acids. The average oleic-to-linoleic ratio was 0.62 and average iodine value was 117.82. Tocopherols, well-established natural antioxidants, were found in chickpea seeds in relatively similar amounts across all genotypes. Mineral element analysis showed that chickpea was rich in macronutrients such as K, P, Mg and Ca. The nutritional composition of chickpea genotypes developed and grown in Argentina provides useful information for breeding programs, food marketing and consumers and establishes chickpea as component of a balanced human diet.展开更多
AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant,...AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.展开更多
The variation among Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L. for seed tocopherols content and their analysis using gas chromatography has not been comprehensively reported till to date. In the present study, the tocophe...The variation among Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L. for seed tocopherols content and their analysis using gas chromatography has not been comprehensively reported till to date. In the present study, the tocopherol contents of four Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L., namely, Gaoyou 605, Zhejiang 619, Zheshuang 758, and Zheshuang 72, were evaluated using three modified sample preparation protocols （P1, P2, and P3） for tocopherol extraction. These methods were distinguished as follows. Protocol one （P1） included the evaporation of solvent after extraction without silylation. Protocol two （P2） followed the direct supernatant collection after overnight extraction without drying and silylation. Protocol three （P3） included trimethylsilylation with N,O-bis（trimethylsilyl） trifluoroacetamide. Genotypic comparison of tocopherol and its isoforms revealed that Gaoyou 605 was dominant over the other genotypes with （140.5＋ 10.5）, （316.2＋ 9.2）, and （559.1＋ 24.3） ~tg g-~ of seed meal ct-, 7-, and total （T-） tocopherol, respectively, and a 0.44＋0.04 ^- to 7-tocopherol ratio. The comparison of the sample preparation protocols, on the other hand, suggests that P3 is the most suitable method for the tocopherol extraction from Brassica oilseeds and for the analysis of tocopherols using gas chromatography flame ionization detector （GC-FID）. Trimethylsilylation is the key step differentiating P3 from P1 and P2. Variations detected in tocopherol contents among the Chinese rapeseed （B. napus） genotypes signify the need to quantify a wide range of rapeseed germplasm for seed tocopherol dynamics in short and crop improvement in long.展开更多
文摘Non-a-tocopherols are hydroxymethylated and hydrogenated to produce α-tocopherol in one pot process by simultaneously reacting with paraformaldehyde and hydrogen in the presence of catalysts of benzenesulfonic acid and 5% Pd/C in an autoclave. Effects of various operation conditions have been studied. The preferable reaction conditions are: temperature 180 ℃ to 200 ℃, pressure 5.0 MPa, acid concentration 0.5 g/100 ml ethanol, mass ratio of Pd/C to tocopherols 7.1 g/100 g, and reaction time 5.0 h. A product with α-tocopherol content of 80% was obtained by using a raw material with a total tocopherols content of 80.54%. The conversion of non-α-tocopherols is almost 100%, and the mole yield of a-tocopherol is more than 90%.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (001103231-01-02).
文摘Since a-tocopherol has special biological and nutritional activities, it is important to convert non-a-tocopherols to a-tocopherol. This paper focuses on the effects of residence time, pressure, temperature and the mass ratio of formaldehyde to tocopherols on the content of a-tocopherol, the conversion of non-a-tocopherols, the selectivity and yield of a-tocopherol in a fixed-bed reactor. The reactor is made from φ12 (I.D.)×360mm stainless steel pipe. It is packed with a mixture of 5% Pd/C and cation exchange resin catalysts. Preliminary results indicated the suitable operation conditions are pressure 5.0 MPa, temperature 180℃, and mass ratio of formaldehyde to tocopherols 2.0. A product of more than 50% a-tocopherol content has been obtained by using 88.85% mixed tocopherols as raw material.
基金fully funded by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board(MPOB).
文摘Objective:Tocotrienols(T3s)have been hypothesized to have greater antioxidant capacity than tocopherols(Ts)due to differences in biokinetics that affect their absorption and function.The present trial compares the antioxidant effectiveness following postprandial challenge of two different doses ofα-T or palm T3-rich fraction(TRF)treatments and evaluates their dose-response effects on antioxidant status.Methods:Ten healthy volunteers were given four different doses of vitamin E formulations(268 mgα-T,537 mgα-T,263 mg TRF or 526 mg TRF)in a cross-over postprandial trial.Blood was sampled at 0,2,4,5,6 and 8 hours after meal consumption and plasma antioxidant status including total glutathione,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde(MDA),ferric reducing antioxidant potential and trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity,was analyzed.Results:Supplementation with the different doses of eitherα-T or TRF did not significantly improve overall antioxidant status.There was no significant difference in overall antioxidant status among treatments at the different doses compared.However,a significant dose-response effect was observed for plasma MDA throughout the 8-hour postprandial period.MDA was significantly lower after the 537 mgα-T treatment,compared to the 268 mgα-T treatment;it was also lower after the 526 mg TRF treatment compared to the 263 mg TRF treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:T3 andα-T demonstrated similar antioxidant capacity,despite markedly lower levels of T3 in blood and lipoproteins,compared toα-T.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1001200 and 2018YFA0900600)the Chinese Academy of Science(XDA24040202)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics of China(grant no.SKLPG2016A-13).
文摘Tocopherols(vitamin E)play essential roles in human health because of their antioxidant activity,and plantderived oils are the richest sources of tocopherols in the human diet.Although soybean(Glycinemax)is one of themain sources of plant-derived oil and tocopherol in the world,the relationship between tocopherol and oil in soybean seeds remains unclear.Here,we focus on dissecting tocopherol metabolism with the longterm goal of increasing a-tocopherol content and soybean oil quality.We first collected tocopherol and fatty acid profiles in a soybean population(>800 soybean accessions)and found that tocopherol content increased during soybean domestication.A strong positive correlation between tocopherol and oil content was also detected.Five tocopherol pathway–related lociwere identified using a metabolite genome-wide association study strategy.Genetic variations in three tocopherol pathway genes were responsible for total tocopherol content and composition in the soybean population through effects on enzyme activity,mainly caused by non-conserved amino acid substitution or changes in gene transcription level.Moreover,the fatty acid regulatory transcription factor GmZF351 directly activated tocopherol pathway gene expression,increasing both fatty acid and tocopherol contents in soybean seeds.Our study reveals the functional differentiation of tocopherol pathway genes in soybean populations and provides a framework for development of new soybean varieties with high a-tocopherol content and oil quality in seeds.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691291).
文摘Effects of five different breeds(Landrace×Large White,Landrace,Large White,Duroc and Pietrain)and two lactation stages(colostrum and milk)on phospholipids and their fatty acids compositions,cholesterol,and tocopherols in sow milks(n=100)were investigated in the present study.Six classes of phospholipids were identified using 31P NMR spectroscopy,with the total phospholipid levels ranging from 56.84 to 151.02μmol/100 mL.Sphingomyelin(SM)was the most abundant phospholipids(33.57%-48.00%)in both colostrum and milk.Colostrum contained higher percentages of SM,phosphatidylserine(PS),phosphatidylinositol(PI),and ethanolamine plasmalogen(EPLAS)than those in milk,while milk contained higher percentages of phosphatidylcholine(PC),and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE).C16:0 and C18:0,accounting for more than 80%of the saturated fatty acids of phospholipids in both colostrum and milk,decreased throughout the lactation.The average cholesterol concentration in colostrum was 430.60 mg/100 g fat,which was significantly lower than that in milk(646.44 mg/100 g fat).α-Tocopherol levels in Landrace×Large White breed were 38.35 and 15.91 mg/100 g fat in colostrum and milk,respectively,which were significantly higher than other breeds;while no significant variations inβ-,γ-,andδ-tocopherols were noted among different breeds.The results demonstrated that lactation stages and breeds were mainly responsible for the significant differences of phospholipids,cholesterol,and tocopherols,providing a theoretical guidance for the manufacture of commercial formula of piglets.
基金in part supported by the National Science Centre(NCN),Poland:Grant No.2013/09/B/NZ9/00291(ID:217066)the statutory funds from The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition,Polish Academy of Sciences,Jablonna,Poland
文摘The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of carnosic acid(CA),selenised yeast(^(Y)Se)and selenate(^(VI)Se)supplemented to diets,including fish oil(FO)and rapeseed oil(RO),on the content of fatty acids,total cholesterol(TCh),tocopherols and malondialdehyde in the fat located between the thigh muscles and the heart in lambs.Twenty-four male Corriedale lambs were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals.Animals were fed a diet with FO and RO(the control diet)or experimental diets containing RO,FO and CA with/without Se(as^(Y)Se or^(VI)Se).The experimental diets without/with^(Y)Se or^(VI)Se changed concentrations of fatty acids in the fat and heart compared to the control.All experimental diets increased the levels of c11c14C20:2,c5c8c11c14C20:4,c5c8c11c14c17C20:5 and the sums of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LPUFA)and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in the fat compared to the control.The experimental diet containing^(Y)Se or^(VI)Se increased the content of Se,TCh,c11c14C20:2,c8c11c14C20:3,c5c8c11c14C20:4,c5c8c11c14c17C20:5,c7c10c13c16c19C22:5,c4c7c10c13c16c19C22:6 and the concentration sum of n-3LPUFA,n-6LPUFA and tocopherols in the heart in comparison with the control diet and the diet containing only CA.Experimental diets reduced the concentration of malon-dialdehyde in the fat and heart in comparison with the control diet.Our dietary intervention has great potential for future practical and commercial implementations.
基金Institutional Funds and by R01-CA118947,R01-CA152826,from the National Cancer Institute(NCI)R01AT007065 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicines(NCCAM)and the Office of Dietary Supplements(ODS)
文摘Tocopherols belong to a subgroup of the vitamin E family. Dietary feeding of a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols(γ-Tm T) inhibits prostate tumorigenesis in TRAMP mice. In this study, we aimed to investigate mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice by identifying differentially expressed pathways and effects of γ-Tm T on these pathways. Eight-week-old TRAMP and age-matched C57BL/6 mice were administered either 600 mg/kg of γ-Tm T or a control vehicle via oral gavage. Twelve hours after dosing, prostate tissues were collected for RNA extraction. Whole genome mouse microarrays were used to examine gene expression profiles. The expression of the selected genes were validated using quantitative PCR. Thousands of genes and various pathways were altered in the prostates of TRAMP mice. Compared to C57BL/6 mice, TRAMP mice exhibited enhanced proliferation, suppressed expression of antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes, and metabolic reprogramming in the prostate. γ-Tm T differentially regulated the gene expression profiles of TRAMP and C57BL/6 mice, with only a small percentage of genes overlapping. γ-Tm T inhibited genes involved in proliferation and glucose metabolism and induced several antioxidant/phase II detoxification genes in TRAMP mice. γ-Tm T modulates multiple aberrant pathways in the prostate of TRAMP mice, which might represent important mechanisms for prostate cancer prevention.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31171463 and 31371542)the Chinese Ministry of Education(No.20130101110077)the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C32004),China
文摘Tocopherols （Tocs） are vital scavengers of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and important seed oil quality indicators. Nitrogen （N） is one of the most important fertilizers in promoting biomass and grain yield in crop production. However, the effect of different sources and application rates of N on seed Toc contents in oilseed rape is poorly understood. In this study, pot trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of two sources of N fertilizer （urea and ammonium nitrate）. Each source was applied to five oilseed rape genotypes （Zheshuang 72, Jiu-Er-1358, Zheshuang 758, Shiralee, and Pakola） at three different application rates （0.41 g/pot （N1）, 0.81 g/pot （N2）, and 1.20 g/pot （N3））. Results indicated that urea increased α-, y-, and total Toc （T-Toc） more than did ammonium nitrate. N3 was proven as the most efficient application rate, which yielded high contents of y-Toc and T-Toc. Highly significant correlations were observed between Toc isomers, T-Toc, and α-/y-Toc ratio. These results clearly demonstrate that N sources and application rates significantly affect seed Toc contents in oilseed rape.
基金The authors would like to thank Harcourt Butler Technical University,Kanpur India for providing infrastructure,guidance,knowledge and support.
文摘Pumpkin belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae,which comprises several species that has economical as well as agronomical importance.All parts of pumpkin are edible and laden with beneficial neutraceutical compounds.Pumpkin seeds are valuable source protein which can help in eradicating protein malnutrition and lipids(rich in PUFAs)contains essential as well as non essential fatty acids which prevents from various ailments like cancer and other cardiovascular diseases.Since,seeds of pumpkin are abundant in macro(magnesium,phosphorous,potassium,sodium and calcium)and micro minerals(iron,copper,manganese,zinc and selenium),they can be used as an incredible dietary supplement which in turn helps in curbing various deficiency disorders.This review enlightens the characteristics of pumpkin seeds,process of valorization of pumpkin seeds and the effect of processing on their nutritional composition which have been studied currently with the aim to use this wonder seeds for human wellbeing.Pumpkin seeds possess many bioactive compounds like polyphenols,flavonoids,phytosterols and squalene which makes it a lucrative raw material for pharmacological and food industries.Pumpkin seeds work as anti-depressant and helps majorly in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia(BHP).Daily consumption of pumpkin seeds can reduce the chances of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.Pumpkin seeds are rich in tocopherols and can be used for oil extraction for edible purposes and utilized in other food formulations for future use.
基金YVSG was funded by a doctoral scholarship provided by the Peruvian National Fund,for Scientific,Technological,and Technological Innovation Development(FONDECYT)the funding branch of the National Council for Science,Technological,and Technological Innovation Development(CONCYTEC),Peru(grant contract No 233-2015-FONDECYT).
文摘Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress conditions.Methods Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,respectively.Pigs(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water vs.feed(P=0.002).Liver vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,P<0.001),and was greater(P<0.05)for antioxidant supplementation compared to control.Cellular proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was reduced by vitamin E sup-plementations under heat stress(interaction,P<0.001).Conclusions The addition of the antioxidants in feed or in drinking water did not alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on feed intake and growth rate of growing pigs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(12ZR1427600)the Fund from Ministry of Science and Technology of China for Momentous Scientific Research of Agriculture Program of Shanghai,China(number 1-8,2014)National Key Technology R&D Program(2014BAD05B05-05)~~
文摘Phytochemicals（including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals,phenolic compounds and so on） are one of the most important groups of the bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits, benefit for human health. The phytochemicals biosynthesis is affected by environmental factors, and light in particular. Light effects can be categorized in photoperiod, intensity and quality. While it is widely known that light intensity can positively affect phytochemicals accumulation, the effects of light quality are more complex and often reported with mixed results. So this review focuses on the currently knowledge about different light quality on the control of phytochemicals biosynthesis. A better knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms will be useful for modifying phytochemicals biosynthesis in vegetables and fruits.
文摘This review focuses on the roles antioxidants and prooxidants in colorectal cancer(CRC).Considerable evidence suggests that environmental factors play key roles in the incidence of sporadic CRC.If pro-oxidant factors play an etiological role in CRC it is reasonable to expect causal interconnections between the wellcharacterized risk factors for CRC,oxidative stress and genotoxicity.Cigarette smoking,a high dietary consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and alcohol intake are all associated with increased CRC risk.These risk factors are all pro-oxidant stressors and their connections to oxidative stress,the intestinal microbiome,intestinal microfold cells,cyclooxygenase-2 and CRCare detailed in this review.While a strong case can be made for pro-oxidant stressors in causing CRC,the role of food antioxidants in preventing CRC is less certain.It is clear that not every micronutrient with antioxidant activity can prevent CRC.It is plausible,however,that the optimal food antioxidants for preventing CRC have not yet been critically evaluated.Increasing evidence suggests that RRR-gamma-tocopherol(the primary dietary form of vitamin E)or other"non-alpha-tocopherol"forms of vitamin E(e.g.,tocotrienols)might be effective.Aspirin is an antioxidant and its consumption is linked to a decreased risk of CRC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture research system(CARS-12 and CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘To reveal the characteristic chemicals of walnuts from different origins, we analyzed fatty acid composition,tocopherols, phytosterols and total phenolic content (TPC) of walnuts from three main producing regions inChina. The results showed that walnuts were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fattyacids was close to the recommendation of Chinese Nutrition Society. Moreover, walnuts contain high contents oftocopherols (331.20–414.71 mg/kg), phytosterols (97.17–110.35 mg/100 g) and phenols (38.51–48.08 mg GAE/kg). Significant chemical differences exist among walnuts from three production regions. The highest content ofpolyunsaturated fatty acids was found in walnuts from the northern China, the highest content of tocopherols inwalnuts from southwest China, and the highest contents of phytosterol and TPC in walnuts from northwest China.However, there was no significant difference in the tocopherol, phytosterol and TPC content of walnuts betweenthe Northern China and Northwest China. The above results provide important references for manufacturers andconsumers to select suitable walnut scientifically and reasonably.
基金Supported by Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Research Project(No.15210221027)
文摘In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol compositions of Pinus koraiensis L.nut oils were evaluated, and the impact of different extraction technologies on the overall quality of pine nut oil was assessed. All the pine nut oils had pleasant and characteristic odor and flavor of the pine nuts and the flavor of the oil from hot-pressing was strongest. The oils obtained by hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction had less deterioration, indicating hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction preserve the oil quality well. Gas chromatography showed that the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid(45.36%–45.91%), followed by oleic acid(26.91%–27.10%), and pinolenic acid(13.33%–13.63%), respectively. The oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake and sub-critical extraction were richer in tocopherols and tocotrienols, namely, 37.52 and 36.18 mg/100 g, respectively, with α-tocopherol most abundant. The pine nut oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake,hexane extraction, cold pressing, and sub-critical extraction had better oxidation stability with the oxidation induction times of 6.91, 5.27, 4.96 and 4.93 h, respectively. Based on its features, P. koraiensis nut oil may have the multiple application in edible oil, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. P. koraiensis can be one of the good woody candidates for closing the gap between the demand and production of vegetable oils.
文摘As a member of nuts, walnut is consumed from snacks to salads and desserts to entrees and an importantpart of human diet for centuries. Walnut biological and nutritional value is also enhanced by its valuable protein and rich in nutrient composition such as vitamins and minerals. The most important characteristic of walnut oil is the abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which makes it a unique food because of high amount of linoleic acid. Due to having valuable protein, vitamins and minerals it enhances biological and nourishment value, also. Recent epidemiological studies showed that consumption of walnut reduce cardiovascular diseases due to the rich in antioxidant properties, valuable fatty acids and tochopherols contents. In Turkey, walnut production and consumption increases year by year. The kernel of walnut genotypes shows variability in terms of their fat, fatty acid and tocopherol profiles. In this paper, it was aimed to characterize 10 walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars (Bilecik, Chandler, Hartley, Howard, Maras 12, Maras 18, Midland, Pedro, Sen and Serr) based on their fatty acid profiles using GC (Gas Chromatography), tocopherol and its isomers by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and total phenol content with spectrometric methods. Among the walnut cultivars “Hartley” was the highest linoleic acid (64.56%) and “Howard” was the α-linolenic acid 13.26 (%). The highest values of α (38.76 μg/g), β + γ (312.19 μg/g) and δ-tocopherol (40.77 μg/g) and total phenol (349 mg GAE/100 g ext) content were detected in “Sen” cultivar. Obtained results might be significant for further breeding programme to improve rich in especially γ-tocopherol linoleic acids and total phenolic compounds.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1600101)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture research system(CARS-12 and CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decidetheir development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oilswere investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained asfollows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively;(2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid(76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%);(3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed andherbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively);(4)the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 g (siritchoil);and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 g), followed by perilla seed oil(55.89 mg/100 g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 g). Thecomparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritionalvalues and health care functions.
文摘This study gives an overview on the nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) of Bronte’s pistachio (Pistacia vera, L., cv. Bianca) from Sicily (Italy). Bronte’s pistachios are rich in fat, protein, dietary fiber, trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg, Na). Lipids mainly consist of MUFA (33.8 g/100g), primarily oleic acid (32.4 g/ 100g);PUFA is mostly represented by linoleic acid (7.49 g/100g). Bronte’s pistachios are also a valuable source of bioactive compounds such as total polyphenols (501.5 mg/100g), lutein (1.26 mg/100g), β-carotene (0.18 mg/100g), γ-tocopherol (19.2 mg/100g) and phytosterols (134.4 mg/100g). Among phytosterols, the main is β-sitosterol (86% of total content), followed by Δ5-avenasterol (6.3%). Phytic acid content is 1763 mg/100g;Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 and Ins(1,2,3,4,5,)P5 have been detected too (31 mg/100g and 10 mg/100g, respectively). The antioxidant activity was determined both in hydrophilic and lipophilic fraction of pistachios, showing >80% of the total antioxidant activity in the hydrophilic, predominately due to phenolic compounds.
文摘Chickpea is an important pulse crop with a wide range of potential nutritional benefits because of its chemical composition. The purpose of the current work was to provide the chemical composition of “kabuli”-type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) developed in Argentina for nutritional purpose. Protein, oil and ash contents, fatty acid, tocopherol and mineral element compositions were studied. Among the studied genotypes, protein content ranged from 18.46 to 24.46 g/100g, oil content ranged from 5.68 to 9.01 g/100g and ash from 3.55 to 4.46 g/100g. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were the most abundant fatty acids. The average oleic-to-linoleic ratio was 0.62 and average iodine value was 117.82. Tocopherols, well-established natural antioxidants, were found in chickpea seeds in relatively similar amounts across all genotypes. Mineral element analysis showed that chickpea was rich in macronutrients such as K, P, Mg and Ca. The nutritional composition of chickpea genotypes developed and grown in Argentina provides useful information for breeding programs, food marketing and consumers and establishes chickpea as component of a balanced human diet.
文摘AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971700 and 31171463)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Z3100130)
文摘The variation among Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L. for seed tocopherols content and their analysis using gas chromatography has not been comprehensively reported till to date. In the present study, the tocopherol contents of four Chinese genotypes of Brassica napus L., namely, Gaoyou 605, Zhejiang 619, Zheshuang 758, and Zheshuang 72, were evaluated using three modified sample preparation protocols （P1, P2, and P3） for tocopherol extraction. These methods were distinguished as follows. Protocol one （P1） included the evaporation of solvent after extraction without silylation. Protocol two （P2） followed the direct supernatant collection after overnight extraction without drying and silylation. Protocol three （P3） included trimethylsilylation with N,O-bis（trimethylsilyl） trifluoroacetamide. Genotypic comparison of tocopherol and its isoforms revealed that Gaoyou 605 was dominant over the other genotypes with （140.5＋ 10.5）, （316.2＋ 9.2）, and （559.1＋ 24.3） ~tg g-~ of seed meal ct-, 7-, and total （T-） tocopherol, respectively, and a 0.44＋0.04 ^- to 7-tocopherol ratio. The comparison of the sample preparation protocols, on the other hand, suggests that P3 is the most suitable method for the tocopherol extraction from Brassica oilseeds and for the analysis of tocopherols using gas chromatography flame ionization detector （GC-FID）. Trimethylsilylation is the key step differentiating P3 from P1 and P2. Variations detected in tocopherol contents among the Chinese rapeseed （B. napus） genotypes signify the need to quantify a wide range of rapeseed germplasm for seed tocopherol dynamics in short and crop improvement in long.
