This study assessed the clinical application of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound （3D TVUS） in the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation. A retrospective study was performed on 62 patients with congen...This study assessed the clinical application of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound （3D TVUS） in the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation. A retrospective study was performed on 62 patients with congenital uterine malformation confirmed hysteroscopically and/or laparoscopically. The patients were subjected to transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound （2D TVUS） and 3D TVUS. The accuracy rate was compared between the two methods. The accuracy rate of 3D TVUS was （98.38%, 61/62）, higher than that of 2D TVUS （80.65%, 50/62）. 3D TVUS coronal plane imaging could demon- strate the internal shape of the endometrial cavity and the external contour of the uterine fundus. It al- lowed accurate measurement on the coronary plane, and could three-dimensionally show the image of cervical tube, thereby providing information for the diagnosis of some complex uterine malformation. 3D TVUS imaging can obtain comprehensive information of the uterus malformation, and it is superior to 2D TVUS for the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformations, especially complex uterine anomaly.展开更多
BACKGROUND Numerous variables are linked to the success of vaginal delivery,including the subpubic arch angle(SPAA)during labor,the importance of which has not yet been fully elucidated.AIM To examine the SPAA distrib...BACKGROUND Numerous variables are linked to the success of vaginal delivery,including the subpubic arch angle(SPAA)during labor,the importance of which has not yet been fully elucidated.AIM To examine the SPAA distributional characteristics and to ascertain SPAA’s ability to predict the type and duration of labor.METHODS We determined the SPAA and analyzed the corresponding data.We also evaluated the relationship between the SPAA and the mode of delivery and the duration of labor by regression.The present study comprised a total of 301 pregnant women who had given birth at Beijing Tiantan Hospital of the Capital Medical University between January and December of 2021.RESULTS Our analysis of 301 pregnant women revealed that the SPAA measured using three-dimensional trans-perineal ultrasound had a minimum angle of 81°and a maximum angle of 122.2°.The angle in the normal vaginal delivery group was greater than that in the labor cesarean group(P=0.000).The SPAA was a highly significant positive predictor of normal vaginal delivery(P=0.000)with an area under the curve of 0.782(P=0.000;95%CI:0.717-0.848).We found the length of the second stage of labor to be positively influenced by the SPAA using linear regression analysis(P=0.045).CONCLUSION The SPAA was a highly significant positive predictor of normal vaginal delivery.The length of the second stage of labor and normal vaginal birth were predicted by SPAA.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the value of two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking(2D-STI)and three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking(3D-STI)in evaluating myocardial function in children with Kawasaki disease.Met...Objective:To investigate the value of two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking(2D-STI)and three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking(3D-STI)in evaluating myocardial function in children with Kawasaki disease.Methods 92 children with Kawasaki disease admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.50 children who underwent 3D-STI examination were taken as observation group and 42 children who underwent 2D-STI examination were taken as control group.The left ventricular systolic function index,storage time and analysis time of the image,the diameter of coronary artery,the strain difference of left ventricular basal segment,middle segment,apical segment and whole segment were observed.Results The levels of left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular myocardial mass(LVMI)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no statistical difference in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)between the two groups(P>0.05).The storage time and analysis time of the image in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The left coronary artery(LCA)and right coronary artery(RCA)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between left anterior descending(LAD)in the two groups(P>0.05).The longitudinal peak systolic strain(LS),circumferential peak systolic strain(CS)and radial peak systolic strain(RS)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The global longitudinal peak strain(GLS),global circumferential peak strain(GCS)and global radial peak strain(GRS)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).LS and CS in the middle segment of the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with 2D-STI,3D-STI can objectively and accurately reflect the myocardial function of children with Kawasaki disease.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the correlation between real-time three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of left ventricular function, portal hemodynamics and severity of liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis.Method...Objective:To analyze the correlation between real-time three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of left ventricular function, portal hemodynamics and severity of liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods: 90 patients with cirrhosis admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled in the cirrhosis group, and the cirrhosis components were group A, B and C according to the Child-Pauh classification criteria. During the same period, 90 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group;real-time three-dimensional ultrasonography was performed to examine left ventricular function and portal hemodynamic parameters;Pearson correlation was used to analyze left ventricular function, portal hemodynamics and liver. Functional severity relationship.Results: The left heart E and E/A levels in the cirrhosis group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the A level was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The Dpv and Q levels in the cirrhosis group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the level of Vpv was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P<0.05). There were significant differences in E, A and E/A levels between different Child-Paugh patients (P<0.05). There were significant differences in portal hemodynamics Dpv, Vpv and Q between the different Child-Paugh grades, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);left heart function E and E/A and liver function severity There was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between left cardiac function A and liver function severity (P<0.05). Portal vein hemodynamics Dpv, Vpv and QE were significantly associated with liver function severity. Positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Real-time three-dimensional ultrasound can effectively detect left ventricular function and portal hemodynamics changes in patients with cirrhosis, and left heart function, portal hemodynamics and liver function severity are significantly correlated.展开更多
Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma ...Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.展开更多
In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring t...In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring the scientific development trend and research hotspots in this field.The results show that the number of published documents shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the significant growth rate reflects the role of policy orientation in promoting the concept of compact city.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords reveals the research hotspots of“compact city”,“recreation space”and“urban park”,while the emergence of new keywords such as“vertical city”and“spatial justice”indicates the new trend of recent research.The cluster analysis and timeline map further show the evolution of research themes,with“compact city”being the largest cluster and having rich connections with other themes such as“urban design”and“urban park”.展开更多
Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of t...Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of thermal invisibility schemes,they still face two limitations in practical applications.First,objects are typically completely enclosed in traditional cloaks,making them difficult to use and unsuitable for objects with heat sources.Second,although some theoretical proposals have been put forth to change the thermal conductivity of materials to achieve dynamic invisibility,their designs are complex and rigid,making them unsuitable for large-scale use in real threedimensional(3D)spaces.Here,we propose a concept of a thermal dome to achieve 3D invisibility.Our scheme includes an open functional area,greatly enhancing its usability and applicability.It features a reconfigurable structure,constructed with simple isotropic natural materials,making it suitable for dynamic requirements.The performance of our reconfigurable thermal dome has been confirmed through simulations and experiments,consistent with the theory.The introduction of this concept can greatly advance the development of thermal invisibility technology from theory to engineering and provide inspiration for other physical domains,such as direct current electric fields and magnetic fields.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are ne...BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are necessary.However,due to differences in race and sex,people’s body shapes vary.According to European guidelines,the patch should measure 10 cm×15 cm.If any part of the MPO is dissected,injury to the nerves,vascular network,or organs may occur during surgery,thereby leading to inguinal discomfort,pain,and seroma formation after surgery.Therefore,accurate localization and measurement of the boundary of the MPO are crucial for selecting the optimal patch for inguinal hernia repair.AIM To compare the size of the MPO measured on three-dimensional multislice spiral computed tomography(CT)with that measured via laparoscopy and explore the relevant factors influencing the size of the MPO.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free inguinal hernia repair at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology between September 2022 and July 2024 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Transabdominal preperitoneal was performed.Sixty-four males and 10 females,with an average age of 58.30±12.32 years,were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected.The boundary of the MPO was measured on three-dimensional CT images before surgery and then again during transabdominal preperitoneal.All the preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed via paired t-tests.A t-test was used for comparisons of age,body mass index,and sex between the groups.In the comparative analysis,a P value less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference.RESULTS The boundaries of the MPO on 3-dimensional CT images measured 7.05±0.47 cm and 6.27±0.61 cm,and the area of the MPO was 19.54±3.33 cm^(2).The boundaries of the MPO during surgery were 7.18±0.51 cm and 6.17±0.40 cm.The errors were not statistically significant.However,the intraoperative BD(the width of the MPO,P=0.024,P<0.05)and preoperative AC(the length of the MPO,P=0.045,P<0.05)significantly differed according to sex.The AC and BD measurements before and during surgery were not significantly different according to age,body mass index,hernia side or hernia type(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of this technology can aid in determining the most appropriate dissection range and patch size.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fracture is one of the most pervasive injuries in the musculoskeletal system,and there is a complex interaction between macrophages and adipose tissue-derived stem cells(ADSCs)in fracture healing.However,tw...BACKGROUND Fracture is one of the most pervasive injuries in the musculoskeletal system,and there is a complex interaction between macrophages and adipose tissue-derived stem cells(ADSCs)in fracture healing.However,two-dimensional(2D)coculture of macrophages and ADSCs can not accurately mimic the in vivo cell microenvironment.AIM To establish both 2D and 3D osteogenic coculture models to investigate the interaction between macrophages and ADSCs.METHODS After obtaining ADSCs from surgery and inducing differentiation of the THP1 cell line,we established 2D and 3D osteogenic coculture models.To assess the level of osteogenic differentiation,we used alizarin red staining and measured the relative expression levels of osteogenic differentiation markers osteocalcin,Runt-related transcription factor 2,and alkaline phosphatase through polymerase chain reaction.Verification was conducted by analyzing the expression changes of N-cadherin and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using western blotting.RESULTS In this study,it was discovered that macrophages in 3D culture inhibited osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs,contrary to the effect in 2D culture.This observation confirmed the significance of intricate intercellular connections in the 3D culture environment.Additionally,the 3D culture group exhibited significantly higher N-cadherin expression and showed reducedβ-catenin and Wnt1 protein levels compared to the 2D culture group.CONCLUSION Macrophages promoted ADSC osteogenic differentiation in 2D culture conditions but inhibited it in 3D culture.The 3D culture environment might inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating N-cadherin expression,ultimately hindering the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.By investigating the process of osteogenesis in ADSCs,this study provides novel ideas for exploring 3D osteogenesis in ADSCs,fracture repair,and other bone trauma repair.展开更多
Intercepting high-maneuverability hypersonic targets in near-space environments poses significant challenges due to their extreme speeds and evasive capabilities.To address these challenges,this study presents an inte...Intercepting high-maneuverability hypersonic targets in near-space environments poses significant challenges due to their extreme speeds and evasive capabilities.To address these challenges,this study presents an integrated approach that combines a Three-Dimensional Finite-Time Optimal Cooperative Guidance Law(FTOC)with an Information Fusion Anti-saturation Predefined-time Observer(IFAPO).The proposed FTOC guidance law employs a nonlinear,non-quadratic finite-time optimal control strategy designed for rapid convergence within the limited timeframes of near-space interceptions,avoiding the need for remaining flight time estimation or linear decoupling inherent in traditional methods.To complement the guidance strategy,the IFAPO leverages multi-source information fusion theory and incorporates anti-saturation mechanisms to enhance target maneuver estimation.This method ensures accurate and real-time prediction of target acceleration while maintaining predefined convergence performance,even under complex interception conditions.By integrating the FTOC guidance law and IFAPO,the approach optimizes cooperative missile positioning,improves interception success rates,and minimizes fuel consumption,addressing practical constraints in military applications.Simulation results and comparative analyses confirm the effectiveness of the integrated approach,demonstrating its capability to achieve cooperative interception of highly maneuvering targets with enhanced efficiency and reduced economic costs,aligning with realistic combat scenarios.展开更多
Molecular motions in metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)play important roles in vip diffusion processes,which is crucial for gas capture and separations.Three-dimensional electron diffraction(3DED)has emerged as an advan...Molecular motions in metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)play important roles in vip diffusion processes,which is crucial for gas capture and separations.Three-dimensional electron diffraction(3DED)has emerged as an advanced method to probe molecular motions,such as linker librations.For a study of molecular motions by 3DED,data quality is the key to the analysis and interpretation.Herein,we present a systematic work to investigate the effects of data completeness,resolution,and signal-to-noise ratio on the identification of molecular motion in MIL-140C.We determine the limits of completeness and resolution required for reliably analyzing molecular motions.In addition,data processing can affect the signal-to-noise ratio of data,and we demonstrate their influence on probing molecular motions.This work provides reference conditions on 3DED data quality to obtain reliable information on molecular motions.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)fetal ultrasound has been widely used in prenatal examinations.Realistic and real-time volumetric ultrasound volume rendering can enhance the effectiveness of diagnoses and assist obstetricians an...Three-dimensional(3D)fetal ultrasound has been widely used in prenatal examinations.Realistic and real-time volumetric ultrasound volume rendering can enhance the effectiveness of diagnoses and assist obstetricians and pregnant mothers in communicating.However,this remains a challenging task because(1)there is a large amount of speckle noise in ultrasound images and(2)ultrasound images usually have low contrasts,making it difficult to distinguish different tissues and organs.However,traditional local-illumination-based methods do not achieve satisfactory results.This real-time requirement makes the task increasingly challenging.This study presents a novel real-time volume-rendering method equipped with a global illumination model for 3D fetal ultrasound visualization.This method can render direct illumination and indirect illumination separately by calculating single scattering and multiple scattering radiances,respectively.The indirect illumination effect was simulated using volumetric photon mapping.Calculating each photon’s brightness is proposed using a novel screen-space destiny estimation to avoid complicated storage structures and accelerate computation.This study proposes a high dynamic range approach to address the issue of fetal skin with a dynamic range exceeding that of the display device.Experiments show that our technology,compared to conventional methodologies,can generate realistic rendering results with far more depth information.展开更多
Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results ca...Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results cannot be fed back to users timely.To address this issue,we proposed a human-machine interaction(HMI)method for discontinuity mapping.Users can help the algorithm identify the noise and make real-time result judgments and parameter adjustments.For this,a regular cube was selected to illustrate the workflows:(1)point cloud was acquired using remote sensing;(2)the HMI method was employed to select reference points and angle thresholds to detect group discontinuity;(3)individual discontinuities were extracted from the group discontinuity using a density-based cluster algorithm;and(4)the orientation of each discontinuity was measured based on a plane fitting algorithm.The method was applied to a well-studied highway road cut and a complex natural slope.The consistency of the computational results with field measurements demonstrates its good accuracy,and the average error in the dip direction and dip angle for both cases was less than 3.Finally,the computational time of the proposed method was compared with two other popular algorithms,and the reduction in computational time by tens of times proves its high computational efficiency.This method provides geologists and geological engineers with a new idea to map rapidly and accurately rock structures under large amounts of noises or unclear features.展开更多
It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimens...It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)models are relatively straightforward but time-consuming.One potential solution to enhance this process is to use machine learning algorithms to detect the 3D traces.In this study,a unique pixel-wise texture mapper algorithm generates a dense point cloud representation of an outcrop with the precise resolution of the original textured 3D model.A virtual digital image rendering was then employed to capture virtual images of selected regions.This technique helps to overcome limitations caused by the surface morphology of the rock mass,such as restricted access,lighting conditions,and shading effects.After AI-powered trace detection on two-dimensional(2D)images,a 3D data structuring technique was applied to the selected trace pixels.In the 3D data structuring,the trace data were structured through 2D thinning,3D reprojection,clustering,segmentation,and segment linking.Finally,the linked segments were exported as 3D polylines,with each polyline in the output corresponding to a trace.The efficacy of the proposed method was assessed using a 3D model of a real-world case study,which was used to compare the results of artificial intelligence(AI)-aided and human intelligence trace detection.Rosette diagrams,which visualize the distribution of trace orientations,confirmed the high similarity between the automatically and manually generated trace maps.In conclusion,the proposed semi-automatic method was easy to use,fast,and accurate in detecting the dominant jointing system of the rock mass.展开更多
Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade compone...Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.展开更多
In this paper,a composite numerical scheme is proposed to solve the threedimensional Darcy-Forchheimer miscible displacement problem with positive semi-definite assumptions.A mixed finite element is used for the fow e...In this paper,a composite numerical scheme is proposed to solve the threedimensional Darcy-Forchheimer miscible displacement problem with positive semi-definite assumptions.A mixed finite element is used for the fow equation.The velocity and pressure are computed simultaneously.The accuracy of velocity is improved one order.The concentration equation is solved by using mixed finite element,multi-step difference and upwind approximation.A multi-step method is used to approximate time derivative for improving the accuracy.The upwind approximation and an expanded mixed finite element are adopted to solve the convection and diffusion,respectively.The composite method could compute the diffusion flux and its gradient.It possibly becomes an eficient tool for solving convection-dominated diffusion problems.Firstly,the conservation of mass holds.Secondly,the multi-step method has high accuracy.Thirdly,the upwind approximation could avoid numerical dispersion.Using numerical analysis of a priori estimates and special techniques of differential equations,we give an error estimates for a positive definite problem.Numerical experiments illustrate its computational efficiency and feasibility of application.展开更多
In the field of calculating the attack area of air-to-air missiles in modern air combat scenarios,the limitations of existing research,including real-time calculation,accuracy efficiency trade-off,and the absence of t...In the field of calculating the attack area of air-to-air missiles in modern air combat scenarios,the limitations of existing research,including real-time calculation,accuracy efficiency trade-off,and the absence of the three-dimensional attack area model,restrict their practical applications.To address these issues,an improved backtracking algorithm is proposed to improve calculation efficiency.A significant reduction in solution time and maintenance of accuracy in the three-dimensional attack area are achieved by using the proposed algorithm.Furthermore,the age-layered population structure genetic programming(ALPS-GP)algorithm is introduced to determine an analytical polynomial model of the three-dimensional attack area,considering real-time requirements.The accuracy of the polynomial model is enhanced through the coefficient correction using an improved gradient descent algorithm.The study reveals a remarkable combination of high accuracy and efficient real-time computation,with a mean error of 91.89 m using the analytical polynomial model of the three-dimensional attack area solved in just 10^(-4)s,thus meeting the requirements of real-time combat scenarios.展开更多
This paper proposes an attitude control strategy for a flexible satellite equipped with an orthogonal cluster of three-dimensional(3D)magnetically suspended wheels(MSWs).The mathematical model for the satellite incorp...This paper proposes an attitude control strategy for a flexible satellite equipped with an orthogonal cluster of three-dimensional(3D)magnetically suspended wheels(MSWs).The mathematical model for the satellite incorporating flexible appendages and an orthogonal cluster of magnetically suspended reaction wheel actuators is initially developed.After that,an adaptive attitude controller is designed with a switching surface of variable structure,an adaptive law for estimating inertia matrix uncertainty,and a fuzzy disturbance observer for estimating disturbance torques.Additionally,a Moore-Penrose-based steering law is proposed to derive the tilt angle commands of the orthogonal configuration of the 3D MSW to follow the designed control signal.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.展开更多
文摘This study assessed the clinical application of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound （3D TVUS） in the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation. A retrospective study was performed on 62 patients with congenital uterine malformation confirmed hysteroscopically and/or laparoscopically. The patients were subjected to transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound （2D TVUS） and 3D TVUS. The accuracy rate was compared between the two methods. The accuracy rate of 3D TVUS was （98.38%, 61/62）, higher than that of 2D TVUS （80.65%, 50/62）. 3D TVUS coronal plane imaging could demon- strate the internal shape of the endometrial cavity and the external contour of the uterine fundus. It al- lowed accurate measurement on the coronary plane, and could three-dimensionally show the image of cervical tube, thereby providing information for the diagnosis of some complex uterine malformation. 3D TVUS imaging can obtain comprehensive information of the uterus malformation, and it is superior to 2D TVUS for the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformations, especially complex uterine anomaly.
文摘BACKGROUND Numerous variables are linked to the success of vaginal delivery,including the subpubic arch angle(SPAA)during labor,the importance of which has not yet been fully elucidated.AIM To examine the SPAA distributional characteristics and to ascertain SPAA’s ability to predict the type and duration of labor.METHODS We determined the SPAA and analyzed the corresponding data.We also evaluated the relationship between the SPAA and the mode of delivery and the duration of labor by regression.The present study comprised a total of 301 pregnant women who had given birth at Beijing Tiantan Hospital of the Capital Medical University between January and December of 2021.RESULTS Our analysis of 301 pregnant women revealed that the SPAA measured using three-dimensional trans-perineal ultrasound had a minimum angle of 81°and a maximum angle of 122.2°.The angle in the normal vaginal delivery group was greater than that in the labor cesarean group(P=0.000).The SPAA was a highly significant positive predictor of normal vaginal delivery(P=0.000)with an area under the curve of 0.782(P=0.000;95%CI:0.717-0.848).We found the length of the second stage of labor to be positively influenced by the SPAA using linear regression analysis(P=0.045).CONCLUSION The SPAA was a highly significant positive predictor of normal vaginal delivery.The length of the second stage of labor and normal vaginal birth were predicted by SPAA.
基金Shaanxi key research and development plan(No.2019SF-211).
文摘Objective:To investigate the value of two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking(2D-STI)and three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking(3D-STI)in evaluating myocardial function in children with Kawasaki disease.Methods 92 children with Kawasaki disease admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.50 children who underwent 3D-STI examination were taken as observation group and 42 children who underwent 2D-STI examination were taken as control group.The left ventricular systolic function index,storage time and analysis time of the image,the diameter of coronary artery,the strain difference of left ventricular basal segment,middle segment,apical segment and whole segment were observed.Results The levels of left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular myocardial mass(LVMI)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no statistical difference in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)between the two groups(P>0.05).The storage time and analysis time of the image in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The left coronary artery(LCA)and right coronary artery(RCA)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between left anterior descending(LAD)in the two groups(P>0.05).The longitudinal peak systolic strain(LS),circumferential peak systolic strain(CS)and radial peak systolic strain(RS)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The global longitudinal peak strain(GLS),global circumferential peak strain(GCS)and global radial peak strain(GRS)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).LS and CS in the middle segment of the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with 2D-STI,3D-STI can objectively and accurately reflect the myocardial function of children with Kawasaki disease.
文摘Objective:To analyze the correlation between real-time three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of left ventricular function, portal hemodynamics and severity of liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods: 90 patients with cirrhosis admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled in the cirrhosis group, and the cirrhosis components were group A, B and C according to the Child-Pauh classification criteria. During the same period, 90 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group;real-time three-dimensional ultrasonography was performed to examine left ventricular function and portal hemodynamic parameters;Pearson correlation was used to analyze left ventricular function, portal hemodynamics and liver. Functional severity relationship.Results: The left heart E and E/A levels in the cirrhosis group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the A level was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The Dpv and Q levels in the cirrhosis group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the level of Vpv was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P<0.05). There were significant differences in E, A and E/A levels between different Child-Paugh patients (P<0.05). There were significant differences in portal hemodynamics Dpv, Vpv and Q between the different Child-Paugh grades, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);left heart function E and E/A and liver function severity There was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between left cardiac function A and liver function severity (P<0.05). Portal vein hemodynamics Dpv, Vpv and QE were significantly associated with liver function severity. Positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Real-time three-dimensional ultrasound can effectively detect left ventricular function and portal hemodynamics changes in patients with cirrhosis, and left heart function, portal hemodynamics and liver function severity are significantly correlated.
文摘Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.
基金Sponsored by the Project of Sichuan Landscape and Recreation Research Center(JGYQ2020037).
文摘In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring the scientific development trend and research hotspots in this field.The results show that the number of published documents shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the significant growth rate reflects the role of policy orientation in promoting the concept of compact city.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords reveals the research hotspots of“compact city”,“recreation space”and“urban park”,while the emergence of new keywords such as“vertical city”and“spatial justice”indicates the new trend of recent research.The cluster analysis and timeline map further show the evolution of research themes,with“compact city”being the largest cluster and having rich connections with other themes such as“urban design”and“urban park”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Jiping Huang(12035004 and 12320101004)the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission to Jiping Huang(2023ZKZD06)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Ying Li(92163123 and 52250191)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China to Ying Li(LZ24A050002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Liujun Xu(12375040,12088101,and U2330401).
文摘Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of thermal invisibility schemes,they still face two limitations in practical applications.First,objects are typically completely enclosed in traditional cloaks,making them difficult to use and unsuitable for objects with heat sources.Second,although some theoretical proposals have been put forth to change the thermal conductivity of materials to achieve dynamic invisibility,their designs are complex and rigid,making them unsuitable for large-scale use in real threedimensional(3D)spaces.Here,we propose a concept of a thermal dome to achieve 3D invisibility.Our scheme includes an open functional area,greatly enhancing its usability and applicability.It features a reconfigurable structure,constructed with simple isotropic natural materials,making it suitable for dynamic requirements.The performance of our reconfigurable thermal dome has been confirmed through simulations and experiments,consistent with the theory.The introduction of this concept can greatly advance the development of thermal invisibility technology from theory to engineering and provide inspiration for other physical domains,such as direct current electric fields and magnetic fields.
基金Supported by the 2022 Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education Institutions,No.2022sx031the 2023 Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education Institutions,No.2023jyxm1071.
文摘BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are necessary.However,due to differences in race and sex,people’s body shapes vary.According to European guidelines,the patch should measure 10 cm×15 cm.If any part of the MPO is dissected,injury to the nerves,vascular network,or organs may occur during surgery,thereby leading to inguinal discomfort,pain,and seroma formation after surgery.Therefore,accurate localization and measurement of the boundary of the MPO are crucial for selecting the optimal patch for inguinal hernia repair.AIM To compare the size of the MPO measured on three-dimensional multislice spiral computed tomography(CT)with that measured via laparoscopy and explore the relevant factors influencing the size of the MPO.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free inguinal hernia repair at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology between September 2022 and July 2024 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Transabdominal preperitoneal was performed.Sixty-four males and 10 females,with an average age of 58.30±12.32 years,were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected.The boundary of the MPO was measured on three-dimensional CT images before surgery and then again during transabdominal preperitoneal.All the preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed via paired t-tests.A t-test was used for comparisons of age,body mass index,and sex between the groups.In the comparative analysis,a P value less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference.RESULTS The boundaries of the MPO on 3-dimensional CT images measured 7.05±0.47 cm and 6.27±0.61 cm,and the area of the MPO was 19.54±3.33 cm^(2).The boundaries of the MPO during surgery were 7.18±0.51 cm and 6.17±0.40 cm.The errors were not statistically significant.However,the intraoperative BD(the width of the MPO,P=0.024,P<0.05)and preoperative AC(the length of the MPO,P=0.045,P<0.05)significantly differed according to sex.The AC and BD measurements before and during surgery were not significantly different according to age,body mass index,hernia side or hernia type(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of this technology can aid in determining the most appropriate dissection range and patch size.
文摘BACKGROUND Fracture is one of the most pervasive injuries in the musculoskeletal system,and there is a complex interaction between macrophages and adipose tissue-derived stem cells(ADSCs)in fracture healing.However,two-dimensional(2D)coculture of macrophages and ADSCs can not accurately mimic the in vivo cell microenvironment.AIM To establish both 2D and 3D osteogenic coculture models to investigate the interaction between macrophages and ADSCs.METHODS After obtaining ADSCs from surgery and inducing differentiation of the THP1 cell line,we established 2D and 3D osteogenic coculture models.To assess the level of osteogenic differentiation,we used alizarin red staining and measured the relative expression levels of osteogenic differentiation markers osteocalcin,Runt-related transcription factor 2,and alkaline phosphatase through polymerase chain reaction.Verification was conducted by analyzing the expression changes of N-cadherin and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using western blotting.RESULTS In this study,it was discovered that macrophages in 3D culture inhibited osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs,contrary to the effect in 2D culture.This observation confirmed the significance of intricate intercellular connections in the 3D culture environment.Additionally,the 3D culture group exhibited significantly higher N-cadherin expression and showed reducedβ-catenin and Wnt1 protein levels compared to the 2D culture group.CONCLUSION Macrophages promoted ADSC osteogenic differentiation in 2D culture conditions but inhibited it in 3D culture.The 3D culture environment might inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating N-cadherin expression,ultimately hindering the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.By investigating the process of osteogenesis in ADSCs,this study provides novel ideas for exploring 3D osteogenesis in ADSCs,fracture repair,and other bone trauma repair.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61773142).
文摘Intercepting high-maneuverability hypersonic targets in near-space environments poses significant challenges due to their extreme speeds and evasive capabilities.To address these challenges,this study presents an integrated approach that combines a Three-Dimensional Finite-Time Optimal Cooperative Guidance Law(FTOC)with an Information Fusion Anti-saturation Predefined-time Observer(IFAPO).The proposed FTOC guidance law employs a nonlinear,non-quadratic finite-time optimal control strategy designed for rapid convergence within the limited timeframes of near-space interceptions,avoiding the need for remaining flight time estimation or linear decoupling inherent in traditional methods.To complement the guidance strategy,the IFAPO leverages multi-source information fusion theory and incorporates anti-saturation mechanisms to enhance target maneuver estimation.This method ensures accurate and real-time prediction of target acceleration while maintaining predefined convergence performance,even under complex interception conditions.By integrating the FTOC guidance law and IFAPO,the approach optimizes cooperative missile positioning,improves interception success rates,and minimizes fuel consumption,addressing practical constraints in military applications.Simulation results and comparative analyses confirm the effectiveness of the integrated approach,demonstrating its capability to achieve cooperative interception of highly maneuvering targets with enhanced efficiency and reduced economic costs,aligning with realistic combat scenarios.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2024B1515020078)the GJYC Program of Guangzhou,China(No.2024D03J0001)+1 种基金the Recruitment Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2016ZT06C322)the‘111’Project of China(No.B18023).
文摘Molecular motions in metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)play important roles in vip diffusion processes,which is crucial for gas capture and separations.Three-dimensional electron diffraction(3DED)has emerged as an advanced method to probe molecular motions,such as linker librations.For a study of molecular motions by 3DED,data quality is the key to the analysis and interpretation.Herein,we present a systematic work to investigate the effects of data completeness,resolution,and signal-to-noise ratio on the identification of molecular motion in MIL-140C.We determine the limits of completeness and resolution required for reliably analyzing molecular motions.In addition,data processing can affect the signal-to-noise ratio of data,and we demonstrate their influence on probing molecular motions.This work provides reference conditions on 3DED data quality to obtain reliable information on molecular motions.
基金supported by a grant from General Research Fund of Hong Kong Research Grants Council,No.15218521a grant under the scheme of Collaborative Research with World-leading Research Groups in the Hong Kong Polytechnic University,No.G-SACF。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)fetal ultrasound has been widely used in prenatal examinations.Realistic and real-time volumetric ultrasound volume rendering can enhance the effectiveness of diagnoses and assist obstetricians and pregnant mothers in communicating.However,this remains a challenging task because(1)there is a large amount of speckle noise in ultrasound images and(2)ultrasound images usually have low contrasts,making it difficult to distinguish different tissues and organs.However,traditional local-illumination-based methods do not achieve satisfactory results.This real-time requirement makes the task increasingly challenging.This study presents a novel real-time volume-rendering method equipped with a global illumination model for 3D fetal ultrasound visualization.This method can render direct illumination and indirect illumination separately by calculating single scattering and multiple scattering radiances,respectively.The indirect illumination effect was simulated using volumetric photon mapping.Calculating each photon’s brightness is proposed using a novel screen-space destiny estimation to avoid complicated storage structures and accelerate computation.This study proposes a high dynamic range approach to address the issue of fetal skin with a dynamic range exceeding that of the display device.Experiments show that our technology,compared to conventional methodologies,can generate realistic rendering results with far more depth information.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3081200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077264)the Scientific Research Project of PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited(HDEC-2022-0301).
文摘Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results cannot be fed back to users timely.To address this issue,we proposed a human-machine interaction(HMI)method for discontinuity mapping.Users can help the algorithm identify the noise and make real-time result judgments and parameter adjustments.For this,a regular cube was selected to illustrate the workflows:(1)point cloud was acquired using remote sensing;(2)the HMI method was employed to select reference points and angle thresholds to detect group discontinuity;(3)individual discontinuities were extracted from the group discontinuity using a density-based cluster algorithm;and(4)the orientation of each discontinuity was measured based on a plane fitting algorithm.The method was applied to a well-studied highway road cut and a complex natural slope.The consistency of the computational results with field measurements demonstrates its good accuracy,and the average error in the dip direction and dip angle for both cases was less than 3.Finally,the computational time of the proposed method was compared with two other popular algorithms,and the reduction in computational time by tens of times proves its high computational efficiency.This method provides geologists and geological engineers with a new idea to map rapidly and accurately rock structures under large amounts of noises or unclear features.
基金supported by grants from the Human Resources Development program (Grant No.20204010600250)the Training Program of CCUS for the Green Growth (Grant No.20214000000500)by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy of the Korean Government (MOTIE).
文摘It is of great importance to obtain precise trace data,as traces are frequently the sole visible and measurable parameter in most outcrops.The manual recognition and detection of traces on high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)models are relatively straightforward but time-consuming.One potential solution to enhance this process is to use machine learning algorithms to detect the 3D traces.In this study,a unique pixel-wise texture mapper algorithm generates a dense point cloud representation of an outcrop with the precise resolution of the original textured 3D model.A virtual digital image rendering was then employed to capture virtual images of selected regions.This technique helps to overcome limitations caused by the surface morphology of the rock mass,such as restricted access,lighting conditions,and shading effects.After AI-powered trace detection on two-dimensional(2D)images,a 3D data structuring technique was applied to the selected trace pixels.In the 3D data structuring,the trace data were structured through 2D thinning,3D reprojection,clustering,segmentation,and segment linking.Finally,the linked segments were exported as 3D polylines,with each polyline in the output corresponding to a trace.The efficacy of the proposed method was assessed using a 3D model of a real-world case study,which was used to compare the results of artificial intelligence(AI)-aided and human intelligence trace detection.Rosette diagrams,which visualize the distribution of trace orientations,confirmed the high similarity between the automatically and manually generated trace maps.In conclusion,the proposed semi-automatic method was easy to use,fast,and accurate in detecting the dominant jointing system of the rock mass.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372071 and 12372070)the Aeronautical Science Fund of China(No.2022Z055052001)the Foundation of China Scholarship Council(No.202306830079)。
文摘Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MA019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871312)。
文摘In this paper,a composite numerical scheme is proposed to solve the threedimensional Darcy-Forchheimer miscible displacement problem with positive semi-definite assumptions.A mixed finite element is used for the fow equation.The velocity and pressure are computed simultaneously.The accuracy of velocity is improved one order.The concentration equation is solved by using mixed finite element,multi-step difference and upwind approximation.A multi-step method is used to approximate time derivative for improving the accuracy.The upwind approximation and an expanded mixed finite element are adopted to solve the convection and diffusion,respectively.The composite method could compute the diffusion flux and its gradient.It possibly becomes an eficient tool for solving convection-dominated diffusion problems.Firstly,the conservation of mass holds.Secondly,the multi-step method has high accuracy.Thirdly,the upwind approximation could avoid numerical dispersion.Using numerical analysis of a priori estimates and special techniques of differential equations,we give an error estimates for a positive definite problem.Numerical experiments illustrate its computational efficiency and feasibility of application.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373187)Forward-looking Layout Special Projects(ILA220591A22)。
文摘In the field of calculating the attack area of air-to-air missiles in modern air combat scenarios,the limitations of existing research,including real-time calculation,accuracy efficiency trade-off,and the absence of the three-dimensional attack area model,restrict their practical applications.To address these issues,an improved backtracking algorithm is proposed to improve calculation efficiency.A significant reduction in solution time and maintenance of accuracy in the three-dimensional attack area are achieved by using the proposed algorithm.Furthermore,the age-layered population structure genetic programming(ALPS-GP)algorithm is introduced to determine an analytical polynomial model of the three-dimensional attack area,considering real-time requirements.The accuracy of the polynomial model is enhanced through the coefficient correction using an improved gradient descent algorithm.The study reveals a remarkable combination of high accuracy and efficient real-time computation,with a mean error of 91.89 m using the analytical polynomial model of the three-dimensional attack area solved in just 10^(-4)s,thus meeting the requirements of real-time combat scenarios.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2433004 and 12472015)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)(No.MCMS-I-0122K01).
文摘This paper proposes an attitude control strategy for a flexible satellite equipped with an orthogonal cluster of three-dimensional(3D)magnetically suspended wheels(MSWs).The mathematical model for the satellite incorporating flexible appendages and an orthogonal cluster of magnetically suspended reaction wheel actuators is initially developed.After that,an adaptive attitude controller is designed with a switching surface of variable structure,an adaptive law for estimating inertia matrix uncertainty,and a fuzzy disturbance observer for estimating disturbance torques.Additionally,a Moore-Penrose-based steering law is proposed to derive the tilt angle commands of the orthogonal configuration of the 3D MSW to follow the designed control signal.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
