Tourette syndrome(TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple chronic motor and vocal tics beginning in childhood. Several studies describe the association between TS and attention deficit hyperacti...Tourette syndrome(TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple chronic motor and vocal tics beginning in childhood. Several studies describe the association between TS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Fifty percent of children diagnosed with ADHD have comorbid tic disorder. ADHD related symptoms have been reported in 35% to 90% of children with TS. Since ADHD is the most prevalent comorbid condition with TS and those with concomitant TS and ADHD present with considerable psychosocial and behavioral impairments, it is essential for clinicians to be familiar with these diagnoses and their management. This paper highlights the association between treating ADHD with stimulants and the development of tic disorders. The two cases discussed underscore the fact that children with TS may present with ADHD symptomatology prior to the appearance of any TS related symptoms. Appropriate management of TS in a patient diagnosed with ADHD can lead to quality of life improvements and a reduction in psychosocial impairments.展开更多
In equipment integrated logistics support(ILS), the supply capability of spare parts is a significant factor. There are lots of depots in the traditional support system, which makes too many redundant spare parts and ...In equipment integrated logistics support(ILS), the supply capability of spare parts is a significant factor. There are lots of depots in the traditional support system, which makes too many redundant spare parts and causes high cost of support. Meanwhile,the inconsistency among depots makes it difficult to manage spare parts. With the development of information technology and transportation, the supply network has become more efficient. In order to further improve the efficiency of supply-support work and the availability of the equipment system, building a system of one centralized depot with multiple depots becomes an appropriate way.In this case, location selection of the depots including centralized depots and multiple depots becomes a top priority in the support system. This paper will focus on the location selection problem of centralized depots considering ILS factors. Unlike the common location selection problem, depots in ILS require a higher service level. Therefore, it becomes desperately necessary to take the high requirement of the mission into account while determining location of depots. Based on this, we raise an optimal depot location model. First, the expected transportation cost is calculated.Next, factors in ILS such as response time, availability and fill rate are analyzed for evaluating positions of open depots. Then, an optimization model of depot location is developed with the minimum expected cost of transportation as objective and ILS factors as constraints. Finally, a numerical case is studied to prove the validity of the model by using the genetic algorithm. Results show that depot location obtained by this model can guarantee the effectiveness and capability of ILS well.展开更多
在我国交通共用信息平台建设过程中,如何实现不同部门、不同地域之间的信息共享和信息交换成为面临的主要问题.为了满足ITS建设者在数据管理机制和规范方面的需求,ISO提出了中央数据登记薄(Central Data Registry)标准草案(ISO/DIS 1481...在我国交通共用信息平台建设过程中,如何实现不同部门、不同地域之间的信息共享和信息交换成为面临的主要问题.为了满足ITS建设者在数据管理机制和规范方面的需求,ISO提出了中央数据登记薄(Central Data Registry)标准草案(ISO/DIS 14817),其主要目的是提供一种数据管理机制,以加强各个ITS/TICS部门或应用系统之间共享交通数据的能力.本文分析了我国当前交通共用信息平台建设对中央数据登记簿数据管理机制的需求,概括介绍了ISO中央数据登记簿标准的基本思想和主要内容,介绍了国外在相关系统建设中应用中央数据登记簿数据管理机制的实例,提出了我国在相关领域应当尽快开展的工作.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity di...BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and self-injurious behavior.TS might progress to treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome(TRTS)in some patients.However,there is no confirmed evidence in pediatric patients with TRTS.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of TRTS in a Chinese pediatric sample.METHODS A total of 126 pediatric patients aged 6-12 years with TS were identified,including 64 TRTS and 62 non-TRTS patients.The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS),Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS),and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to assess these two groups and compared the difference between the TRTS and non-TRTS patients.RESULTS When compared with the non-TRTS group,we found that the age of onset for TRTS was younger(P<0.001),and the duration of illness was longer(P<0.001).TRTS was more often caused by psychosocial(P<0.001)than physiological factors,and coprolalia and inappropriate parenting style were more often present in the TRTS group(P<0.001).The TRTS group showed a higher level of premonitory urge(P<0.001),a lower intelligence quotient(IQ)(P<0.001),and a higher percentage of family history of TS.The TRTS patients demonstrated more problems(P<0.01)in the“Uncommunicative”,“Obsessive-Compulsive”,“Social-Withdrawal”,“Hyperactive”,“Aggressive”,and“Delinquent”subscales in the boys group,and“Social-Withdrawal”(P=0.02)subscale in the girls group.CONCLUSION Pediatric TRTS might show an earlier age of onset age,longer duration of illness,lower IQ,higher premonitory urge,and higher comorbidities with ADHD-related symptoms and OCD-related symptoms.We need to pay more attention to the social communication deficits of TRTS.展开更多
Recent randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics(CBIT) in treating children and adults with Tourette syndrome and persistent tic disorders. However, the...Recent randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics(CBIT) in treating children and adults with Tourette syndrome and persistent tic disorders. However, the standard CBIT protocol uses a weekly outpatient treatment format(i.e., 8 sessions over 10 wk), which may be inconvenient or impractical for some patients, particularly patients, who are required to travel long distances in order to receive care. In contrast, an intensive outpatient program may increase accessibility to evidence-based behavioral treatments for Tourette syndrome and other persistent tic disorders by eliminating the necessity of repeated travel. This case series evaluated the use of an intensive outpatient program CBIT(IOP CBIT) for the treatment of 2 preadolescent males(ages 10 and 14 years) with Tourette syndrome. The IOP CBIT treatment protocol included several hours of daily treatment over a 4-d period. Both children evi-denced notable reductions in their tics and maintained treatment gains at follow-up. Moreover, both patients and their parents expressed treatment satisfaction with the IOP CBIT format. This case series addresses an important research gap in the behavioral treatment of tic disorders literature. The patients' treatment outcomes indicate that IOP CBIT is a promising treatment that warrants more systematic investigation.展开更多
Cylindrical Cam Mechanism which is one of the best eq uipments to accomplish an accurate motion transmission is widely used in the fie lds of industries, such as machine tool exchangers, textile machinery and automa t...Cylindrical Cam Mechanism which is one of the best eq uipments to accomplish an accurate motion transmission is widely used in the fie lds of industries, such as machine tool exchangers, textile machinery and automa tic transfer equipments. This paper proposes a new approach for the shape design and manufacturing of the cylindrical cam. The design approach uses the relative velocity concept and the manufacturing approach uses the inverse kinematics concept. For the shape desig n, the contact points between the cam and the follower roller are calculated bas ed on relative velocity of which the direction is on the common tangential line, and then the whole shape of cam is determined from transformation of the coordi nate system. For the manufacturing procedures, the location and the orientation of cutter path can be allocated corresponding to the designed shape data. The in tegral NC code for multi-axis CNC machining center is created using the inverse kinematics concept from the data of the location and the orientation of cutter path. As the advantages of the proposed approach, the machine tool is designed t o having an alternative size in fabricating the general cam, while the tool must be fitted to diameter size of the follower in the conventional approach. Finally, CAD/CAM program, "Cylindrical DAM", is developed on C++ lan guage. This program can perform shape design, manufacturing and kinematics simul ation, which can make integral NC code for multi-axis CNC machining center. The proposed method can be applied easily on fields of industries.展开更多
The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of 1-amino-1-hydrazino-2,2-dinitro-ethylene potassium salt[K（AHDNE）] were studied under the non-isothermal conditions by different scanning calorimeter...The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of 1-amino-1-hydrazino-2,2-dinitro-ethylene potassium salt[K（AHDNE）] were studied under the non-isothermal conditions by different scanning calorimeter（DSC） method. The thermal behavior of K（AHDNE） presents three exothermic decomposition processes. The kinetic equation of the first thermal decomposition reaction obtained is dα/dT=（1019.63/β）3（1-α）[-ln（1-α）]2/3exp（-1.862× 105/RT）. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature（TSADT） and critical temperature of thermal explosion（Tb） of K（AHDNE） are 162.5 and 171.4 °C, respectively. K（AHDNE） has higher thermal stability than AHDNE.展开更多
This study seeks to determine an effective boundary between government and market in light of modern financial theories.According to the findings of this paper,the relationship between government and market must be co...This study seeks to determine an effective boundary between government and market in light of modern financial theories.According to the findings of this paper,the relationship between government and market must be conceived of as under the "continuous spectrum of change" resulting from economic development.In practice,an effective frontier between government and market not only transforms continuously with the process of economic development but also demonstrates significant contrasts internationally according to the different national characteristics existing in each country.Determining a frontier between government and market requires that the relationship between the two be embedded into a broader set of institutional environmental constraints that incorporate consideration of the dynamic processes and mechanisms of economic development.The key issue is that government and market act with regard to the principle of comparative advantage as they play their respective roles.展开更多
As stated in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, children have the right to go to school for free, to play, and to have the same opportunity to develop and to learn to be responsible and useful[1]. Young child...As stated in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, children have the right to go to school for free, to play, and to have the same opportunity to develop and to learn to be responsible and useful[1]. Young children are curious by nature and they have passion for learning [2]. An environment that encourages scientific thinking is what gives young children the time, space and materials to exercise their curiosity [3]. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for the development of educational environments based on digital technology, internet and free programs available on the web, for the use and application of structural bioinformatics protein and DNA, for early stimulation in basic education at rural and indigenous communities in state of Oaxaca, conducted in On Line Learning & Training “OLL & T”. The course is divided into 4 sections: 1)Introduction to the topic of protein and DNA structure;2)Search in protein data bank;3)Download RasTop program and use it as bioinformatics tool;4)Emulation of building a viral molecule. Workshops were given to children in elementary, middle and high school at the Universidad Del Papaloapan during the National Week of Science and Technology, every year in Oaxaca since 2007 to 2012 and in Monterrey 2010 at the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León. Conclusions: positive impact was achieved in basic education in the area of natural sciences by analyzing the molecular basis of protein and deoxyribonucleic acid, theoretically and practically, as a support for teachers.展开更多
TICS是Timing ＆ Injection Control System（喷油正时和喷射率控制系统）的缩写。TiCS喷油泵是电控柴油喷射系统中最重要的部件，它实际上是一种装有REDIV电动调速器及预行程执行器的喷油泵，通过电脑自动控制喷油量、喷油正时及喷油...TICS是Timing ＆ Injection Control System（喷油正时和喷射率控制系统）的缩写。TiCS喷油泵是电控柴油喷射系统中最重要的部件，它实际上是一种装有REDIV电动调速器及预行程执行器的喷油泵，通过电脑自动控制喷油量、喷油正时及喷油速率，以满足发动机工作的需要。日本杰克赛尔公司（ZEXEL）的NP-TC6MD型电控供油速率可控式高压油泵就属于这种类型的喷油泵。TICS喷油泵主要装备在大、中型载货汽车及工程机械使用的柴油机上。TICS喷油泵具有以下主要特点：展开更多
文摘Tourette syndrome(TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple chronic motor and vocal tics beginning in childhood. Several studies describe the association between TS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Fifty percent of children diagnosed with ADHD have comorbid tic disorder. ADHD related symptoms have been reported in 35% to 90% of children with TS. Since ADHD is the most prevalent comorbid condition with TS and those with concomitant TS and ADHD present with considerable psychosocial and behavioral impairments, it is essential for clinicians to be familiar with these diagnoses and their management. This paper highlights the association between treating ADHD with stimulants and the development of tic disorders. The two cases discussed underscore the fact that children with TS may present with ADHD symptomatology prior to the appearance of any TS related symptoms. Appropriate management of TS in a patient diagnosed with ADHD can lead to quality of life improvements and a reduction in psychosocial impairments.
基金supported by the Science Challenge Project(TZ2018007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71671009+2 种基金 61871013 61573041 61573043)
文摘In equipment integrated logistics support(ILS), the supply capability of spare parts is a significant factor. There are lots of depots in the traditional support system, which makes too many redundant spare parts and causes high cost of support. Meanwhile,the inconsistency among depots makes it difficult to manage spare parts. With the development of information technology and transportation, the supply network has become more efficient. In order to further improve the efficiency of supply-support work and the availability of the equipment system, building a system of one centralized depot with multiple depots becomes an appropriate way.In this case, location selection of the depots including centralized depots and multiple depots becomes a top priority in the support system. This paper will focus on the location selection problem of centralized depots considering ILS factors. Unlike the common location selection problem, depots in ILS require a higher service level. Therefore, it becomes desperately necessary to take the high requirement of the mission into account while determining location of depots. Based on this, we raise an optimal depot location model. First, the expected transportation cost is calculated.Next, factors in ILS such as response time, availability and fill rate are analyzed for evaluating positions of open depots. Then, an optimization model of depot location is developed with the minimum expected cost of transportation as objective and ILS factors as constraints. Finally, a numerical case is studied to prove the validity of the model by using the genetic algorithm. Results show that depot location obtained by this model can guarantee the effectiveness and capability of ILS well.
文摘在我国交通共用信息平台建设过程中,如何实现不同部门、不同地域之间的信息共享和信息交换成为面临的主要问题.为了满足ITS建设者在数据管理机制和规范方面的需求,ISO提出了中央数据登记薄(Central Data Registry)标准草案(ISO/DIS 14817),其主要目的是提供一种数据管理机制,以加强各个ITS/TICS部门或应用系统之间共享交通数据的能力.本文分析了我国当前交通共用信息平台建设对中央数据登记簿数据管理机制的需求,概括介绍了ISO中央数据登记簿标准的基本思想和主要内容,介绍了国外在相关系统建设中应用中央数据登记簿数据管理机制的实例,提出了我国在相关领域应当尽快开展的工作.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),No.82171538the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7212035.
文摘BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome(TS)is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by tics,as well as a variety of psychiatric comorbidities,such as obsessivecompulsive disorders(OCDs),attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and self-injurious behavior.TS might progress to treatment-refractory Tourette syndrome(TRTS)in some patients.However,there is no confirmed evidence in pediatric patients with TRTS.AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of TRTS in a Chinese pediatric sample.METHODS A total of 126 pediatric patients aged 6-12 years with TS were identified,including 64 TRTS and 62 non-TRTS patients.The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS),Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale(PUTS),and Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)were used to assess these two groups and compared the difference between the TRTS and non-TRTS patients.RESULTS When compared with the non-TRTS group,we found that the age of onset for TRTS was younger(P<0.001),and the duration of illness was longer(P<0.001).TRTS was more often caused by psychosocial(P<0.001)than physiological factors,and coprolalia and inappropriate parenting style were more often present in the TRTS group(P<0.001).The TRTS group showed a higher level of premonitory urge(P<0.001),a lower intelligence quotient(IQ)(P<0.001),and a higher percentage of family history of TS.The TRTS patients demonstrated more problems(P<0.01)in the“Uncommunicative”,“Obsessive-Compulsive”,“Social-Withdrawal”,“Hyperactive”,“Aggressive”,and“Delinquent”subscales in the boys group,and“Social-Withdrawal”(P=0.02)subscale in the girls group.CONCLUSION Pediatric TRTS might show an earlier age of onset age,longer duration of illness,lower IQ,higher premonitory urge,and higher comorbidities with ADHD-related symptoms and OCD-related symptoms.We need to pay more attention to the social communication deficits of TRTS.
文摘Recent randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics(CBIT) in treating children and adults with Tourette syndrome and persistent tic disorders. However, the standard CBIT protocol uses a weekly outpatient treatment format(i.e., 8 sessions over 10 wk), which may be inconvenient or impractical for some patients, particularly patients, who are required to travel long distances in order to receive care. In contrast, an intensive outpatient program may increase accessibility to evidence-based behavioral treatments for Tourette syndrome and other persistent tic disorders by eliminating the necessity of repeated travel. This case series evaluated the use of an intensive outpatient program CBIT(IOP CBIT) for the treatment of 2 preadolescent males(ages 10 and 14 years) with Tourette syndrome. The IOP CBIT treatment protocol included several hours of daily treatment over a 4-d period. Both children evi-denced notable reductions in their tics and maintained treatment gains at follow-up. Moreover, both patients and their parents expressed treatment satisfaction with the IOP CBIT format. This case series addresses an important research gap in the behavioral treatment of tic disorders literature. The patients' treatment outcomes indicate that IOP CBIT is a promising treatment that warrants more systematic investigation.
文摘Cylindrical Cam Mechanism which is one of the best eq uipments to accomplish an accurate motion transmission is widely used in the fie lds of industries, such as machine tool exchangers, textile machinery and automa tic transfer equipments. This paper proposes a new approach for the shape design and manufacturing of the cylindrical cam. The design approach uses the relative velocity concept and the manufacturing approach uses the inverse kinematics concept. For the shape desig n, the contact points between the cam and the follower roller are calculated bas ed on relative velocity of which the direction is on the common tangential line, and then the whole shape of cam is determined from transformation of the coordi nate system. For the manufacturing procedures, the location and the orientation of cutter path can be allocated corresponding to the designed shape data. The in tegral NC code for multi-axis CNC machining center is created using the inverse kinematics concept from the data of the location and the orientation of cutter path. As the advantages of the proposed approach, the machine tool is designed t o having an alternative size in fabricating the general cam, while the tool must be fitted to diameter size of the follower in the conventional approach. Finally, CAD/CAM program, "Cylindrical DAM", is developed on C++ lan guage. This program can perform shape design, manufacturing and kinematics simul ation, which can make integral NC code for multi-axis CNC machining center. The proposed method can be applied easily on fields of industries.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20803058)the Shaanxi Provincial Science Program Foundation, China(No.2011kjxx31)the Education Committee Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China(Nos.2010JK881,12JK0636)
文摘The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of 1-amino-1-hydrazino-2,2-dinitro-ethylene potassium salt[K（AHDNE）] were studied under the non-isothermal conditions by different scanning calorimeter（DSC） method. The thermal behavior of K（AHDNE） presents three exothermic decomposition processes. The kinetic equation of the first thermal decomposition reaction obtained is dα/dT=（1019.63/β）3（1-α）[-ln（1-α）]2/3exp（-1.862× 105/RT）. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature（TSADT） and critical temperature of thermal explosion（Tb） of K（AHDNE） are 162.5 and 171.4 °C, respectively. K（AHDNE） has higher thermal stability than AHDNE.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71403277)National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12&ZD089)
文摘This study seeks to determine an effective boundary between government and market in light of modern financial theories.According to the findings of this paper,the relationship between government and market must be conceived of as under the "continuous spectrum of change" resulting from economic development.In practice,an effective frontier between government and market not only transforms continuously with the process of economic development but also demonstrates significant contrasts internationally according to the different national characteristics existing in each country.Determining a frontier between government and market requires that the relationship between the two be embedded into a broader set of institutional environmental constraints that incorporate consideration of the dynamic processes and mechanisms of economic development.The key issue is that government and market act with regard to the principle of comparative advantage as they play their respective roles.
文摘As stated in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, children have the right to go to school for free, to play, and to have the same opportunity to develop and to learn to be responsible and useful[1]. Young children are curious by nature and they have passion for learning [2]. An environment that encourages scientific thinking is what gives young children the time, space and materials to exercise their curiosity [3]. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for the development of educational environments based on digital technology, internet and free programs available on the web, for the use and application of structural bioinformatics protein and DNA, for early stimulation in basic education at rural and indigenous communities in state of Oaxaca, conducted in On Line Learning & Training “OLL & T”. The course is divided into 4 sections: 1)Introduction to the topic of protein and DNA structure;2)Search in protein data bank;3)Download RasTop program and use it as bioinformatics tool;4)Emulation of building a viral molecule. Workshops were given to children in elementary, middle and high school at the Universidad Del Papaloapan during the National Week of Science and Technology, every year in Oaxaca since 2007 to 2012 and in Monterrey 2010 at the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León. Conclusions: positive impact was achieved in basic education in the area of natural sciences by analyzing the molecular basis of protein and deoxyribonucleic acid, theoretically and practically, as a support for teachers.
文摘TICS是Timing ＆ Injection Control System（喷油正时和喷射率控制系统）的缩写。TiCS喷油泵是电控柴油喷射系统中最重要的部件，它实际上是一种装有REDIV电动调速器及预行程执行器的喷油泵，通过电脑自动控制喷油量、喷油正时及喷油速率，以满足发动机工作的需要。日本杰克赛尔公司（ZEXEL）的NP-TC6MD型电控供油速率可控式高压油泵就属于这种类型的喷油泵。TICS喷油泵主要装备在大、中型载货汽车及工程机械使用的柴油机上。TICS喷油泵具有以下主要特点：
