In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology...In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the characteristics of fungal community composition and species diversity in the surface(0-10 cm)soil of each restoration measure,in order to reveal the dominant soil fungal groups and fungal community composition in karst rocky desertification areas,which was conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions of different vegetation restoration measures.Research has shown that vegetation restoration significantly affected the diversity of soil fungal community,with significant increases in Sob index,Ace index,and Chao index.The vegetation restoration has significantly changed the composition of fungal community.The dominant fungi in the CL topsoil are Sordariomycetes(62.28%),Dothideomycetes(12.34%),and Eurotiomycetes(9.12%);the dominant fungi in the MF soil are Sordariomycetes(45.05%),Dothideomycetes(14.74%),and Mortierellomycetes(10.40%);the dominant fungi in the NF soil are unclassified fungal community(26.38%),Sordariomycetes(19.78%),and Agaricomycetes(13.82%).Vegetation restoration has changed the key fungal groups in the soil.Sordariomycetes,Fusarium,and Setophoma are the key dominant fungal groups in CL soil;Dioszegia is key dominant fungal group in MF soil;c_unclassified_k_Fungi,p_unclassified_k_Fungi,o_unclassified_k_Fungi,f_unclassified_k_Fungi,g_unclassified_k_Fungi,Teichospora,and Diaporthe are key dominant fungal groups in NF soil.展开更多
Soil fungi are extremely important for maintaining soil health and plant production in agricultural systems.Currently,the effect of continuous cropping of sweet potato on soil fungal communities and physiochemical par...Soil fungi are extremely important for maintaining soil health and plant production in agricultural systems.Currently,the effect of continuous cropping of sweet potato on soil fungal communities and physiochemical parameters has not been well documented.In the present study,four sweet potato fields consecutively monocultured for 1,2,3,and 4 years were selected to investigate the effect of monoculture on soil fungal communities through Illumina MiSeq sequencing.Continuous cropping of sweet potatoes dramatically altered the fungal community composition,whereas fungal diversity was almost unchanged.Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant phyla in all soil samples,accounting for 32.59%and 21.14%of the average relative abundance,respectively.The abundance of some potential pathogens,such as Ascobolus spp,specifically Ascobolus stercorarius,and some unknown fungi increased significantly as the sweet potato monoculture period increased,and their presence were highly positively correlated with disease incidence.In contrast,Basidiomycota,Bullera,Fusarium and Trichocladium most likely play roles as antagonists of sweet potato disease development,as their relative abundance decreased significantly over time and were negatively correlated with disease incidence.Redundancy and correlation analyses revealed that soil pH and organic carbon content were the most important factors driving these changes.Our findings provided a dynamic overview of the fungal community and presented a clear scope for screening beneficial fungi and pathogens of sweet potato.展开更多
Apple replant disease(ARD)is mainly caused by biological factors,and it severely restricts the development of the apple industry.The use of biological control measures to alleviate ARD is critically important for the ...Apple replant disease(ARD)is mainly caused by biological factors,and it severely restricts the development of the apple industry.The use of biological control measures to alleviate ARD is critically important for the sustainable development of the apple industry.The effects of raw amino acid powder and Trichoderma harzianum fertilizer on plant biomass,leaf and root indexes,soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities,and the soil fungal community were studied under pot and field conditions using Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings and grafted trees(Fuji New 2001/M9T337)as experimental materials.We found that the application of the materials significantly promoted plant growth,increased the leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll content,root respiration rate,root antioxidant enzyme activities,and soil enzyme activities,significantly reduced the number of Fusarium sp.in soil,and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial fungi.In conclusion,the mixed application of raw amino acid powder and T.harzianum fertilizer is an effective method for the prevention and management of ARD.展开更多
Cropland expansion has caused the loss of soil organic carbon(SOC)and the degradation of microbial communities.Fallowing is an important strategy for soil restoration,and fungi are critical in soil fertilization.This ...Cropland expansion has caused the loss of soil organic carbon(SOC)and the degradation of microbial communities.Fallowing is an important strategy for soil restoration,and fungi are critical in soil fertilization.This study compared the soil properties and fungal assemblage in two adjacent environments(farmland vs.fallowing)using a 30-year field experiment composed of five treatments:fallowing and agricultural management under no fertilization,chemical fertilization,and chemical fertilization plus cow manure or crop straw.The fallowed soil had more diverse fungi and maintained higher SOC than the artificially managed treatments.Importantly,the relative abundance of Chaetomiaceae was positively correlated with all the carbon components(SOC,dissolved organic carbon,and microbial biomass carbon)simultaneously.An RNA-Seq of Trichocladium uniseriatum,the key fungus affiliated with Chaetomiaceae,showed that straw addition significantly upregulated the genes for T.uniseriatum melanogenesis,resulting in recalcitrant necromass formation.A remarkable carbon dioxide(CO_(2))assimilation capacity of T.uniseriatum was revealed using^(13)C-labelling assay.Therefore,T.uniseriatum improved SOC storage directly by CO_(2)fixation and indirectly by melanogenesis.Fertilization of agricultural systems can stimulate the growth of T.uniseriatum.Inoculation of T.uniseriatum promoted crop growth,facilitating carbon absorption from the roots.This study highlights that the valuable microbial species resources preserved in fallowed soils can improve farmland ecosystems.展开更多
Trichoderma is an important and widely used plant growth-promoting fungus(PGPF).In this study,stevia residue amended with amino acids hydrolyzed from animal carcasses was used for the production of Trichoderma guizhou...Trichoderma is an important and widely used plant growth-promoting fungus(PGPF).In this study,stevia residue amended with amino acids hydrolyzed from animal carcasses was used for the production of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU 4742 by solid-state fermentation,and then its potential to promote corn plant growth was evaluated in combination with chemical fertilizer(CF)or organic fertilizer(OF).The highest spore number of 7×10^(9) CFU g^(–1) fresh weight was obtained under the following optimal parameters:material ratio of 50%(stevia residue:rice bran=1:1),pH value of 3.0(amended with 6.67%amino acids),initial moisture content of 60%,inoculum size of 10%,material thickness of 3 cm and an incubation time of 4 days.The aboveground corn plant biomass obtained with T.guizhouense applied alone and with CF treatments were slightly higher than those of no fertilizer control and CF treatments,respectively.However,T.guizhouense applied with OF significantly(P<0.05)increased aboveground biomass compared to OF and yielded the highest aboveground biomass among all the treatments.Moreover,T.guizhouense applications primarily influenced the fungal bulk soil community composition,among which three OTUs(OTU_(2) and OTU_(9) classified as Chaetomium,and OTU_(4)classified as Trichoderma)were stimulated in both bulk and rhizosphere soil.Notably,a specific OTU_(3)(Phymatotrichopsis)was only stimulated by T.guizhouense applied with OF,possibly leading to high soil productivity.These results show that it is feasible to employ stevia residue in the eco-friendly fermentation of T.guizhouense,which is strongly suggested for enhancing OF applications.展开更多
Mediterranean forest ecosystems are characterized by various vascular plant groups with their associated mycor-rhizae and free living soil fungi with various ecological functions.Fire plays a major role in Mediterrane...Mediterranean forest ecosystems are characterized by various vascular plant groups with their associated mycor-rhizae and free living soil fungi with various ecological functions.Fire plays a major role in Mediterranean ecosystem dynamics and impacts both above-and below-ground community structure and functioning.However,studies on the effects induced by altered disturbance regimes(associated with recent land use and climate extremes)on fire ecology and especially on its below-ground impacts are few.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different wildfire regimes on soil fungal community structure using two different molecular methods.We investigated the long-term effects of wildfire on soil fungal communities associated with Pinus pinaster forests in central Portugal,by comparing the results of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)-based profiling with those obtained with 454 pyrosequencing.Four forest stands with differing fire history and fire return interval,and vegetation cover(mature forest,early successional stage of pine regeneration,and forest converted to scrubland)were sampled 6 years after the last fire event.The pyrosequencing-based approach indicated ca.eight-fold higher numbers of taxa than DGGE.However,fungal community fingerprinting data obtained for the different study stands with DGGE were congruent with those obtained with pyrosequencing.Both short(7.6 years)and long(24 years)fire return intervals(indicated by the presence of ericaceous shrubs in the understorey)induced a decrease in the abun-dance ratio between basidiomycetes and ascomycetes and appeared to reduce the frequency of ectomycorrhizal fungal species and saprophytes.Wildfire significantly reduced the frequency of late stage successional taxa(e.g.Atheliaceae and Cantharellales)and known or putative saprophytes belonging to the Clavulinaceae and the Archaeorhizomycetaceae.Conversely,early successional fungal species belonging to the Thelephoraceae were favoured by both fire return inter-vals,while the abundance of Cortinarius and Hebeloma,which include several Cistus-specific species,increased with short wildfire return intervals.This last finding highlights the relationship between postfire vegetation composition and cover(vegetation successional stage),and fungal symbionts.We hypothesise that these changes could,in the long term,exhaust the resilience of Mediterranean pine forest vegetation and associated soil fungal communities by preventing pine regeneration.展开更多
Rhizosphere hypoxia constrains plant growth,and numerous studies have shown that root zone aeration accelerates plant photosynthesis and growth and increases crop yields.Nevertheless,the mechanism by which soil microo...Rhizosphere hypoxia constrains plant growth,and numerous studies have shown that root zone aeration accelerates plant photosynthesis and growth and increases crop yields.Nevertheless,the mechanism by which soil microorganisms are involved in this process is not clear.The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of aeration and irrigation depth on the composition and structure of rhizosphere soil fungal communities and tomato plant performance.The amount of aeration assayed was equal to 0(CK),0.5(V1),1(V2),and 1.5(V3)times the porosity of the soil.The two depths of subsurface drip irrigation used were 15(D15)and 40 cm(D40).The results demonstrated that soil aeration not only increased tomato plant performance but also influenced fungal diversity and composition.Compared to the no-aeration treatment,the V3 soil aeration treatment increased the total dry weight and fruit yield by 39.9%and 65.6%,respectively.The results also showed that the abundance of the phylum Ascomycota and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae increased with increasing soil aeration,whereas those of members of the phylum Zygomycota and the order Capnodiales decreased with increasing soil aeration.Moreover,the variation in subsurface irrigation depth altered the rhizosphere soil fungal community.In general,the results of this study demonstrate that root zone aeration can ameliorate hypoxic conditions in Lou soils and is beneficial to soil fungal communities and tomato plant performance.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177446,41601584)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Fund (Qiankehe[2017]1417)Guizhou Normal University (Qianshixinmiao[2022]28).
文摘In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the characteristics of fungal community composition and species diversity in the surface(0-10 cm)soil of each restoration measure,in order to reveal the dominant soil fungal groups and fungal community composition in karst rocky desertification areas,which was conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions of different vegetation restoration measures.Research has shown that vegetation restoration significantly affected the diversity of soil fungal community,with significant increases in Sob index,Ace index,and Chao index.The vegetation restoration has significantly changed the composition of fungal community.The dominant fungi in the CL topsoil are Sordariomycetes(62.28%),Dothideomycetes(12.34%),and Eurotiomycetes(9.12%);the dominant fungi in the MF soil are Sordariomycetes(45.05%),Dothideomycetes(14.74%),and Mortierellomycetes(10.40%);the dominant fungi in the NF soil are unclassified fungal community(26.38%),Sordariomycetes(19.78%),and Agaricomycetes(13.82%).Vegetation restoration has changed the key fungal groups in the soil.Sordariomycetes,Fusarium,and Setophoma are the key dominant fungal groups in CL soil;Dioszegia is key dominant fungal group in MF soil;c_unclassified_k_Fungi,p_unclassified_k_Fungi,o_unclassified_k_Fungi,f_unclassified_k_Fungi,g_unclassified_k_Fungi,Teichospora,and Diaporthe are key dominant fungal groups in NF soil.
基金supported by Key laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering,the Ministry of Land and Resources(SXDJ2018-06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41501271 and 41601339)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-10-B10)Support Plan on Youth Innovation Science and Technology for Higher Education of Shandong Province(2019KJD014).
文摘Soil fungi are extremely important for maintaining soil health and plant production in agricultural systems.Currently,the effect of continuous cropping of sweet potato on soil fungal communities and physiochemical parameters has not been well documented.In the present study,four sweet potato fields consecutively monocultured for 1,2,3,and 4 years were selected to investigate the effect of monoculture on soil fungal communities through Illumina MiSeq sequencing.Continuous cropping of sweet potatoes dramatically altered the fungal community composition,whereas fungal diversity was almost unchanged.Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant phyla in all soil samples,accounting for 32.59%and 21.14%of the average relative abundance,respectively.The abundance of some potential pathogens,such as Ascobolus spp,specifically Ascobolus stercorarius,and some unknown fungi increased significantly as the sweet potato monoculture period increased,and their presence were highly positively correlated with disease incidence.In contrast,Basidiomycota,Bullera,Fusarium and Trichocladium most likely play roles as antagonists of sweet potato disease development,as their relative abundance decreased significantly over time and were negatively correlated with disease incidence.Redundancy and correlation analyses revealed that soil pH and organic carbon content were the most important factors driving these changes.Our findings provided a dynamic overview of the fungal community and presented a clear scope for screening beneficial fungi and pathogens of sweet potato.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-27)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072510)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Funded Project,China(ts20190923)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2022TZXD0037)。
文摘Apple replant disease(ARD)is mainly caused by biological factors,and it severely restricts the development of the apple industry.The use of biological control measures to alleviate ARD is critically important for the sustainable development of the apple industry.The effects of raw amino acid powder and Trichoderma harzianum fertilizer on plant biomass,leaf and root indexes,soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activities,and the soil fungal community were studied under pot and field conditions using Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings and grafted trees(Fuji New 2001/M9T337)as experimental materials.We found that the application of the materials significantly promoted plant growth,increased the leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll content,root respiration rate,root antioxidant enzyme activities,and soil enzyme activities,significantly reduced the number of Fusarium sp.in soil,and significantly increased the abundance of beneficial fungi.In conclusion,the mixed application of raw amino acid powder and T.harzianum fertilizer is an effective method for the prevention and management of ARD.
基金supported by the Excellent Youth Science Fund of Henan Province,China(No.242300421147)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1500203)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42377334 and 42007005)the Joint Fund Project of Henan Province,China(No.232103810009)。
文摘Cropland expansion has caused the loss of soil organic carbon(SOC)and the degradation of microbial communities.Fallowing is an important strategy for soil restoration,and fungi are critical in soil fertilization.This study compared the soil properties and fungal assemblage in two adjacent environments(farmland vs.fallowing)using a 30-year field experiment composed of five treatments:fallowing and agricultural management under no fertilization,chemical fertilization,and chemical fertilization plus cow manure or crop straw.The fallowed soil had more diverse fungi and maintained higher SOC than the artificially managed treatments.Importantly,the relative abundance of Chaetomiaceae was positively correlated with all the carbon components(SOC,dissolved organic carbon,and microbial biomass carbon)simultaneously.An RNA-Seq of Trichocladium uniseriatum,the key fungus affiliated with Chaetomiaceae,showed that straw addition significantly upregulated the genes for T.uniseriatum melanogenesis,resulting in recalcitrant necromass formation.A remarkable carbon dioxide(CO_(2))assimilation capacity of T.uniseriatum was revealed using^(13)C-labelling assay.Therefore,T.uniseriatum improved SOC storage directly by CO_(2)fixation and indirectly by melanogenesis.Fertilization of agricultural systems can stimulate the growth of T.uniseriatum.Inoculation of T.uniseriatum promoted crop growth,facilitating carbon absorption from the roots.This study highlights that the valuable microbial species resources preserved in fallowed soils can improve farmland ecosystems.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0500201 and 2018YFD0201300)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20180539)+3 种基金the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(31801949)the National Science Foundation for Postdoctoral Scientists of China(2018M632318)the Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund Project of Jiangsu Province(CX(19)2026)the Priority Academic Program Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Trichoderma is an important and widely used plant growth-promoting fungus(PGPF).In this study,stevia residue amended with amino acids hydrolyzed from animal carcasses was used for the production of Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU 4742 by solid-state fermentation,and then its potential to promote corn plant growth was evaluated in combination with chemical fertilizer(CF)or organic fertilizer(OF).The highest spore number of 7×10^(9) CFU g^(–1) fresh weight was obtained under the following optimal parameters:material ratio of 50%(stevia residue:rice bran=1:1),pH value of 3.0(amended with 6.67%amino acids),initial moisture content of 60%,inoculum size of 10%,material thickness of 3 cm and an incubation time of 4 days.The aboveground corn plant biomass obtained with T.guizhouense applied alone and with CF treatments were slightly higher than those of no fertilizer control and CF treatments,respectively.However,T.guizhouense applied with OF significantly(P<0.05)increased aboveground biomass compared to OF and yielded the highest aboveground biomass among all the treatments.Moreover,T.guizhouense applications primarily influenced the fungal bulk soil community composition,among which three OTUs(OTU_(2) and OTU_(9) classified as Chaetomium,and OTU_(4)classified as Trichoderma)were stimulated in both bulk and rhizosphere soil.Notably,a specific OTU_(3)(Phymatotrichopsis)was only stimulated by T.guizhouense applied with OF,possibly leading to high soil productivity.These results show that it is feasible to employ stevia residue in the eco-friendly fermentation of T.guizhouense,which is strongly suggested for enhancing OF applications.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)through a Ph.D.grant for E.B.(SFRH/BD/21730/2005).
文摘Mediterranean forest ecosystems are characterized by various vascular plant groups with their associated mycor-rhizae and free living soil fungi with various ecological functions.Fire plays a major role in Mediterranean ecosystem dynamics and impacts both above-and below-ground community structure and functioning.However,studies on the effects induced by altered disturbance regimes(associated with recent land use and climate extremes)on fire ecology and especially on its below-ground impacts are few.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different wildfire regimes on soil fungal community structure using two different molecular methods.We investigated the long-term effects of wildfire on soil fungal communities associated with Pinus pinaster forests in central Portugal,by comparing the results of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)-based profiling with those obtained with 454 pyrosequencing.Four forest stands with differing fire history and fire return interval,and vegetation cover(mature forest,early successional stage of pine regeneration,and forest converted to scrubland)were sampled 6 years after the last fire event.The pyrosequencing-based approach indicated ca.eight-fold higher numbers of taxa than DGGE.However,fungal community fingerprinting data obtained for the different study stands with DGGE were congruent with those obtained with pyrosequencing.Both short(7.6 years)and long(24 years)fire return intervals(indicated by the presence of ericaceous shrubs in the understorey)induced a decrease in the abun-dance ratio between basidiomycetes and ascomycetes and appeared to reduce the frequency of ectomycorrhizal fungal species and saprophytes.Wildfire significantly reduced the frequency of late stage successional taxa(e.g.Atheliaceae and Cantharellales)and known or putative saprophytes belonging to the Clavulinaceae and the Archaeorhizomycetaceae.Conversely,early successional fungal species belonging to the Thelephoraceae were favoured by both fire return inter-vals,while the abundance of Cortinarius and Hebeloma,which include several Cistus-specific species,increased with short wildfire return intervals.This last finding highlights the relationship between postfire vegetation composition and cover(vegetation successional stage),and fungal symbionts.We hypothesise that these changes could,in the long term,exhaust the resilience of Mediterranean pine forest vegetation and associated soil fungal communities by preventing pine regeneration.
基金supported jointly by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41831284 and 41807041),the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1900401)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022NY-191)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.GK202103129)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(Grant No.B16011).
文摘Rhizosphere hypoxia constrains plant growth,and numerous studies have shown that root zone aeration accelerates plant photosynthesis and growth and increases crop yields.Nevertheless,the mechanism by which soil microorganisms are involved in this process is not clear.The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of aeration and irrigation depth on the composition and structure of rhizosphere soil fungal communities and tomato plant performance.The amount of aeration assayed was equal to 0(CK),0.5(V1),1(V2),and 1.5(V3)times the porosity of the soil.The two depths of subsurface drip irrigation used were 15(D15)and 40 cm(D40).The results demonstrated that soil aeration not only increased tomato plant performance but also influenced fungal diversity and composition.Compared to the no-aeration treatment,the V3 soil aeration treatment increased the total dry weight and fruit yield by 39.9%and 65.6%,respectively.The results also showed that the abundance of the phylum Ascomycota and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae increased with increasing soil aeration,whereas those of members of the phylum Zygomycota and the order Capnodiales decreased with increasing soil aeration.Moreover,the variation in subsurface irrigation depth altered the rhizosphere soil fungal community.In general,the results of this study demonstrate that root zone aeration can ameliorate hypoxic conditions in Lou soils and is beneficial to soil fungal communities and tomato plant performance.
