Background:Black soldier fly(BSF)is one of the most promising species for the intensive breeding of insects given its adaptability and its efficiency in the conversion of waste.To maximize the production and use waste...Background:Black soldier fly(BSF)is one of the most promising species for the intensive breeding of insects given its adaptability and its efficiency in the conversion of waste.To maximize the production and use waste as substrates,it is essential to determine the larvae nutritional requirements.The study aims to evaluate the effects of5 practical,semi-purified and isoenergetic diets(PSPID)with increasing protein levels(10%,CP10;14%,CP14;16%,CP16;19%,CP19)on BSF life history traits.A total of 2000 six-day-old larvae were weighed and divided into groups of 100(4 replicates/treatment[PSPID and Gainesville diet(GA)used as environmental control]).In larva-prepupa stage,sampling was carried out on 30 individuals/replicate,while in prepupa-adult stage on 35.Results:In the whole larval stage,the CP16 treatment performed better when compared to the other groups.At18 days old,the CP14 treatment showed a higher weight than the CP19(P<0.01),while the CP10 and CP16weights were intermediate.On the contrary,the CP10 prepupae weight was higher than the CP19(P<0.01).The CP10 and CP14 pupae performed better in terms of weight when compared to the others(P<0.01).The dietary treatments did not affect the adult parameters.The sex significantly influenced both the exuvia weight,which was the greatest in females(P<0.001),and the fly lifespan,longest in males(P<0.05).Fly lifespan was also influenced by the interaction between treatment and sex,with the CP19 females showing a longer life than the others(P<0.05).Conclusions:In conclusion,the optimal protein level considering the whole larval stage is 16%on dry matter(DM).At 18 days old,looking at the size intended for the meal production,it can be considered 14%on DM.The result obtained on adult emergence in PSPID may not be attributable to the protein content.Further researches on macronutrients requirements determination have to be conducted to evaluate the substrates composition effects on BSF life history traits.展开更多
BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity...BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.展开更多
Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing d...Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing dysphagia diet awareness among prosthodontists working with head and neck cancer patients. Methods: The study had a post-intervention design and included 10 maxillofacial prosthetic educators from eight countries who participated in a 120-minute workshop focused on theoretical and practical training in nutrition support for patients with dysphagia. Sessions were held in a specialized restaurant in Tokyo and included lectures, observation of Japanese cooking techniques, hands-on preparation of dysphagia-friendly foods, and cross-cultural comparisons. Knowledge, confidence, and practical application were assessed using a post-workshop questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to evaluate outcomes. Results: Seven of the 10 prosthodontists completed the post-intervention questionnaire. All respondents reported overall satisfaction with the workshop. Session content was regarded as easy to understand by 57.14%, appropriate by 28.57%, and easy by 14.29%. Most respondents (85.71%) were “very satisfied” with the instructors’ explanations, and 100% were “very satisfied” with the workshop’s length and structure;71.42% felt they could apply the knowledge in clinical practice, while 28.58% anticipated challenges. The respondents appreciated the workshop’s focus on dysphagia, particularly in elderly patients, and valued the insights into Japanese dysphagia diets and culture. Conclusions: Workshops on nutrition provide an interactive platform for prosthodontists to enhance their knowledge and improve comprehensive patient care, highlighting the importance for prosthodontists to stay updated on developments in nutrition, particularly in dysphagia.展开更多
Epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between various types of human cancer and dietary factors,whereas the specific mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Epigenetic alterations,such as DNA methylat...Epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between various types of human cancer and dietary factors,whereas the specific mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Epigenetic alterations,such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and noncoding RNA,are influenced by dietary components,especially phytochemicals and nutrients that participate in one-carbon metabolism.These alterations significantly impact cancer occurrence and progression.Consequently,epigenetic pathways may mediate the effects of diet on cancer risk.This review synthesizes the current information regarding the association of epigenetic alterations with cancer initiation and development,as well as the mechanisms by which diet exerts its influence on these changes.The goal of this minireview is to enhance the understanding of the roles of diet on epigenetic alterations to improve cancer prevention and treatment through diet.展开更多
Background: Plant-based diets are eating patterns focusing on high intake of plant-basedfoods while limiting the intake of animal-based foods. In recent decades, plant-based dietshave received increasing attention for...Background: Plant-based diets are eating patterns focusing on high intake of plant-basedfoods while limiting the intake of animal-based foods. In recent decades, plant-based dietshave received increasing attention for their potential benefits for humans and theenvironment. However, a comprehensive overview of the development trends and researchhotspots of plant-based diets is still lacking. Therefore, this scientometric study aimed to fillthis critical research gap. Methods: English literature related to plant-based diets publishedfrom 2012 to 2023 in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of Web of Science CoreCollection was collected on August 16, 2023, using relevant key terms. R-bibliometrix,CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used to analyze data and construct knowledge graphs.Results: Overall, 4135 publications (3127 articles and 1008 reviews) were included in thisstudy, showing an obvious upward trend in this field annually from 2012 to 2023, rangingfrom 70 to 921. The USA published the highest number of studies (n =1158) and was theleading research center in this field worldwide. Universities were the main researchinstitutions;particularly, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health contributed to thelargest number of publications (n = 88) and had an active cooperation with otherinstitutions. Mcclements DJ contributed the most publications (n = 49) and ranked firstamong the scholars in plant-based diets. The most productive academic journal (n = 353)on plant-based diets was Nutrients, with an IF2022 of 5.9, while Foods and Frontiers in Nutritionwere the relatively active journals in this field in recent years. “Quality,” “milk,” “culturedmeat,” “plant protein,” “environmental impacts,” “functional properties,” “plant-based meatalternative,” “dietary change,” “vegan diet,” “plant-based beverage,” “gut microbiota,”“middle-income countries,” and “chronic kidney disease” were the main research hotspotsand frontiers in the field of plant-based diets. Conclusion: This study provides acomprehensive overview of global research on plant-based diets. Although research in thisfield has gained increasing attention in recent decades, cooperation among differentinstitutions and researchers should be significantly strengthened. Moreover, more studiesare needed to further assess the health and environmental impacts of plant-based diets.展开更多
High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in...High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of TP on HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors and elucidate the underlying mechanisms from the point view of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Two groups of HFD-induced obese mice were orally gavaged with low dose(TPL,40 mg/kg)and high dose(TPH,400 mg/kg)of TP.A 12-week administration of TPH could significantly improve anxiety-like behaviors in HFD mice.In the hippocampus,microglia activation,the expression of blood-brain barrier(BBB)markers,and the levels of two neurotransmitters(serotonin and norepinephrine)were countered by TPH in mice consuming HFD.Furthermore,TPH improved the intestinal permeability and immune response of the enterocytes in HFD-fed mice.The gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by HFD was also rebalanced by TP treatments,especially in Proteobacteria and its lower taxa.The correlational analysis also suggested that shifts of some microbial genera were closely associated with body weight and the parameters of behavioral tests.Interestingly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)results indicated that fecal microbiota from TPH-treated obese mice could prevent HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors,suppressed microglia activation and intestinal permeability.In conclusion,the present study indicated that TP intake is a promising dietary intervention strategy to prevent HFD-induced anxiety via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.展开更多
Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed ...Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal diets.Therefore,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid balance.Furthermore,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application technology.In this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level diets.Based on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were identified.Results Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid patterns.Male broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female broilers.For the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be increased.Therefore,further research on individual BCAA is required.For untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metabolites oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine in birds were significantly influ-enced by different dietary amino acid patterns.Conclusion Adjusting the amino acid profile of low-protein diets is required to achieve normal growth performance in broiler chickens fed normal-protein diets.Oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine have been identified as potentially sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance.展开更多
Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism...Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue,and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in animal fed high-fat diet(HFD).However,the role of gut microbiota in the improvement of obesity by PPPs has not been elucidated.In current study,we applied antibiotics to inhibit gut microbiota in mice fed HFD and treated with PPPs.The results showed that the inhibition of gut microbiota impair the effect of PPPs on reducing obesity and promoting adipose browning,and change the fecal metabolomic profiles in respond to PPPs.Moreover,the inhibition of gut microbiota supressed the promotive effects of PPPs on the levels of Akkermansia and microbiota-related metabolites,such as urolithin A,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs),which were associated with activating adipose browning.Therefore,our results suggested that the presence of gut microbiota is essential for PPPs to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity.The related bacteria or metabolites generated by the interaction between PPPs and microbiota promote adipose browning and facilitate the beneficial effects of PPPs.展开更多
Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet has been linked to increased risks of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in offspring.However,the precise epigenetic mechanisms governing these intergenerational effects,pa...Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet has been linked to increased risks of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in offspring.However,the precise epigenetic mechanisms governing these intergenerational effects,particularly during the early stages of offspring development,remain poorly understood.In this study,female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to either a high-fat diet or normal chow diet throughout gestation and lactation.Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation(MeDIP)coupled with microarray analysis was employed to identify differentially methylated genes in the livers of offspring at weaning age.We found that maternal high-fat diet feeding predisposes offspring to obesity and impaired glucose metabolism as early as the weaning period.DNA methylation profile analysis unveiled a significant enrichment of differentially methylated genes within the natural killer(NK)cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway.MeDIP-PCR validated reduced methylation levels of specific genes within this pathway,including tumour necrosis factorα(TNF-α),phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),and SHC adaptor protein 1(SHC1).Consistently,the expressions of TNF-α,PI3K,and SHC1 were significantly upregulated,accompanied by elevated serum TNF-αand interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in offspring from dams fed with high-fat diet.Moreover,we assessed the expressions of genes associated with NK cell activities,uncovering a notable rise in hepatic granzyme B levels and a trend towards increased CD107a expression in offspring from dams fed a high-fat diet.In addition,methylation levels of TNF-α,PI3K,and SHC1 promoters were inversely correlated with glucose response during glucose tolerance testing.In conclusion,our findings underscore the critical role of the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity signaling pathway in mediating DNA methylation patterns,thereby contributing to the programming effects of maternal high-fat diet consumption on offspring glucose metabolism as early as the weaning period.展开更多
Oxidized cholesterol(OXC)is a harmful dietary substance.Although the consumption of OXC has been associated with colonic inflammation,related underlying mechanisms are still limited.We evaluated the influence of dieta...Oxidized cholesterol(OXC)is a harmful dietary substance.Although the consumption of OXC has been associated with colonic inflammation,related underlying mechanisms are still limited.We evaluated the influence of dietary OXC on gut health and ecology by applying the murine model.Results showed that the thickness of the mucus layer was significantly reduced in healthy mice treated with OXC.Short-term intake of OXC did not influence the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in healthy mice but it induced the decrease of Muc2 expression in the proximal colon,accompanied by an increase in the abundance of 2 mucusdegrading bacteria,namely Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Consistently,oral exposure of OXC promoted mucus barrier erosion in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mice and facilitated bacteria infiltration in the colon.The adverse effect of OXC on mucus layer disappeared in antibiotics-treated healthy mice,suggesting that the damaging effect of OXC on the gut mucus layer was not direct and instead was mediated by causing microbiota dysbiosis.Finally,the impact of OXC on the mucus layer and colitis was partly alleviated by green tea catechins.These studies demonstrated that the OXC-induced mucus barrier damage was mainly induced by the dysregulation of gut microbiota at least in this mouse model.展开更多
Aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1)is a common contaminant in cereals of global concern,and long-term low-dose exposure can adversely affect human health.Here,we showed that populations with dietary patterns characterized by high-fa...Aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1)is a common contaminant in cereals of global concern,and long-term low-dose exposure can adversely affect human health.Here,we showed that populations with dietary patterns characterized by high-fat diet(HFD)might have an increased risk of exposure to high levels of AFB_1.Our data indicated that chronic exposure of AFB_1 induced“gut-liver axis”injury in mice under HFD and normal diet(ND)patterns.AFB_1 further aggravated hepatic and intestinal injury,and intestinal microbiota disruption in HFD mice.Bifidobacterium breve BAA-2849 intervention analysis showed that liver injury and lipid disorders caused by AFB_1 exposure were alleviated by regulating the proportions of different gut microbes.We demonstrated through a mice model that the populations with a dietary pattern of HFD might be more susceptible to AFB_1 exposure and adverse effects on the gut-liver axis,and the toxicity of AFB_1 exposure can be alleviated by regulating the gut microbiota.展开更多
Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxa...Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxanthin. This study investigated the impact of indicaxanthin on neuronal damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet in mice. The mice were divided into three groups according to different diets: the negative control group was fed a standard diet;the high-fat diet group was fed a high-fat diet;and the high-fat diet + indicaxanthin group was fed a high-fat diet and received indicaxanthin orally(0.86 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Brain apoptosis, redox status, inflammation, and the gut microbiota composition were compared among the different animal groups. The results demonstrated that indicaxanthin treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis by downregulating the expression of proapoptotic genes and increasing the expression of antiapoptotic genes. Indicaxanthin also markedly decreased the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins and genes and inhibited high-fat diet–induced neuronal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels. In addition, indicaxanthin treatment improved the microflora composition by increasing the abundance of healthy bacterial genera, known as producers of short-chain fatty acids(Lachnospiraceae, Alloprovetella, and Lactobacillus), and by reducing bacteria related to unhealthy profiles(Blautia, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia and Bilophila). In conclusion, indicaxanthin has a positive effect on high-fat diet–induced neuronal damage and on the gut microbiota composition in obese mice.展开更多
Oat avenanthramides(AVNs)have been found to exhibit novel lipid-lowering effects.However,the mechanism remains unclear.In this study,the effect of avenanthramide B(AVN B),as one of the major AVNs,on highfat diet(HFD)-...Oat avenanthramides(AVNs)have been found to exhibit novel lipid-lowering effects.However,the mechanism remains unclear.In this study,the effect of avenanthramide B(AVN B),as one of the major AVNs,on highfat diet(HFD)-induced mice was investigated.Results showed that AVN B significantly inhibited weight gain and improved hepatic and serum lipid biochemical indices.Hepatic RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that AVN B significantly modulates fatty acid(FA)metabolism.Hepatic real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)and Western blot results indicated that AVN B could alleviate FA synthesis by activating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP1c)-fatty acid synthase(FAS),and increase FA oxidation by activating the AMPK/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A(CPT1A)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα(PPARα).Additionally,AVN B had a regulating effect on ileum lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal cell differentiation and downregulating the expression levels of FA absorption-related protein and gene.Moreover,AVN B promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and fungi such as Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002,Parvibacter,Enterococcus,and Aspergillus,while decreasing the abundance of Roseburia,unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae,Cladosporium,Eurotium,unclassified_f_Aspergillaceae and unclassified_f_Ceratocystidaceae.All these results provided new points of the lipid-lowing mechanism of AVNs and oats via the gut-liver axis.展开更多
Objective: Plant-based diets have multiple health benefits for cancers;however, little is known about the association between plant-based dietary patterns and esophageal cancer(EC).This study presents an investigation...Objective: Plant-based diets have multiple health benefits for cancers;however, little is known about the association between plant-based dietary patterns and esophageal cancer(EC).This study presents an investigation of the prospective associations among three predefined indices of plant-based dietary patterns and the risk of EC.Methods: We performed endoscopic screening for 15,709 participants aged 40-69 years from two high-risk areas of China from January 2005 to December 2009 and followed the cohort until December 31, 2022. The overall plant-based diet index(PDI), healthful plant-based diet index(h PDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index(u PDI), were calculated using survey responses to assess dietary patterns. We applied Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate the multivariable hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) of EC across 3plant-based diet indices and further stratified the analysis by subgroups.Results: The final study sample included 15,184 participants in the cohort. During a follow-up of 219,365person-years, 176 patients with EC were identified. When the highest quartile was compared with the lowest quartile, the pooled multivariable-adjusted HR of EC was 0.50(95% CI, 0.32-0.77) for h PDI. In addition, the HR per 10-point increase in the h PDI score was 0.42(95% CI, 0.27-0.66) for ECs. Conversely, u PDI was positively associated with the risk of EC, and the HR was 1.80(95% CI, 1.16-2.82). The HR per 10-point increase in the u PDI score was 1.90(95% CI, 1.26-2.88) for ECs. The associations between these scores and the risk of EC were consistent in most subgroups. These results remained robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: A healthy plant-based dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of EC. Emphasizing the healthiness and quality of plant-based diets may be important for preventing the development of EC.展开更多
Glutamine,one of the most abundant amino acids in the body,has been shown to exert various beneficial effects in pigs.However,knowledge regarding the role of dietary glutamine in low-protein diet-fed piglets remains s...Glutamine,one of the most abundant amino acids in the body,has been shown to exert various beneficial effects in pigs.However,knowledge regarding the role of dietary glutamine in low-protein diet-fed piglets remains scarce.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of L-gluta-mine on growth performance,serum biochemistry parameters,redox status,amino acids,and fecal microbiota in low-protein diet-fed piglets.A total of 128 healthy crossbred piglets(Landrace x Yorkshire)were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 4 replicate pens,with 8 piglets per pen.Piglets in the 4 groups were fed with corn and soybean meal-based low-protein diets(crude protein level,17%)that contained 0%,1%,2%,and 3%L-glutamine,respectively,for 28 d.Pigs administered 1%L-glutamine had greater body weight on d 28 and average daily gain(ADG,P<0.01),whereas a lower feed to gain ratio(F:G)from d 1 to 28(P<0.01),compared to the other three groups.Besides,lower body weight on d 14 and 28,ADG,average daily feed intake,and higher F:G from d 15 to 28 and d 1 to 28 were observed in response to 2%and 3%L-glutamine treatments than 0%and 1%L-glutamine treatments(P<0.01).Moreover,1%L-glutamine reduced serum glucose,malondialdehyde,hydrogen peroxide concentrations and inhibited aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,myeloperoxidase activities in low-protein diet-fed piglets on d 14,with concomitantly upregulated catalase,total superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione level(P<0.05).However,dietary 3%L-glutamine enhanced blood urea nitrogen content in pigs on d 14(P<0.05).Further investigation revealed that 1%L-glutamine upregulated the serum glutamine,lysine,methionine,tyrosine,and reduced plasma valine content(P<0.05).Additionally,1%L-glutamine upregulated the abundance of p_75_a5,Clostridium,Lactobacillus,Prevotellaceae_Prevotella,and Gemmiger in the stool of piglets on d 14,with the Streptococcus level being concomitantly reduced(P<0.05).Collectively,dietary 1%L-glutamine enhances the growth performance and improves serum physiochemical parameters and antioxidative capacity in low-protein diet-fed piglets at an early age,which are associated with an increased synthesis of glutathione by modulating amino acid levels,and the optimization of gut microbiota.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is characterized by symptoms of excessive fat accumulation and steatosis in the liver without alcohol intake in patients.The associated pathogenic mechanism is not completely un...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is characterized by symptoms of excessive fat accumulation and steatosis in the liver without alcohol intake in patients.The associated pathogenic mechanism is not completely understood and there are no specific drugs for patients with NAFLD.Exercise and diet adherence are the best options for the management of NAFLD patients.Questionnaire associated analysis models of adherence to these interventions are used to assess their effectiveness in the management of NAFLD patients using specificity,sensitivity,and so on.Studies have indicated that the relative ratio of NAFLD can be reduced by physical activity with diet control.In the future,the pathogenesis of NAFLD should be clarified with stratified efforts to develop appropriate drugs,and both exercise and diet adherence should be optimized using better questionnaire design and evaluation models for patients with NAFLD.展开更多
Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)prevention.However,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely consi...Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)prevention.However,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD prevention.We examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause mortality.Methods:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary recommendations.Physical activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total MVPA.We used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying covariates.Results:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,respectively.Multiplicative interactions between diet and physical activity were non-significant.For all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories.Accounting for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality.Conclusion:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy diet and an active lifestyle and incorporate some VPA when possible.展开更多
The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 p...The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 participants from the UK Biobank,with 75209 participants diagnosed with infectious diseases.Participants reporting the highest intake frequency of processed meat(odds ratio[OR]=1.0964,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.0622–1.1318)and red meat(OR=1.0895,95%CI:1.0563–1.1239)had a higher risk of infectious diseases,compared with those with the lowest intake frequency.Consuming fish 2.0–2.9 times(OR=0.8221,95%CI:0.7955–0.8496),cheese≥5.0 times(OR=0.8822,95%CI:0.8559–0.9092),fruit 3.0–3.9 servings(OR=0.8867,95%CI:0.8661–0.9078),and vegetables 2.0–2.9 servings(OR=0.9372,95%CI:0.9189–0.9559)per week were associated with a lower risk of infection.Low meat-eaters(OR=0.9404,95%CI:0.9243–0.9567),fish-eaters(OR=0.8391,95%CI:0.7887–0.8919),and vegetarians(OR=0.9154,95%CI:0.8561–0.9778)had a lower risk of infectious diseases,compared with regular meat-eaters.The mediation analysis revealed that glycosylated hemoglobin,white blood cell count,and body mass index served as the mediators in the associations between diet and infectious diseases.The current study indicates that the intake frequency of food groups is a risk factor for infectious diseases,and fish-eaters have a lower risk of infection.展开更多
Background Adequate level of carbohydrates in aquafeeds help to conserve protein and reduce cost. However, studies have indicated that high-carbohydrate(HC) diet disrupt the homeostasis of the gut–liver axis in large...Background Adequate level of carbohydrates in aquafeeds help to conserve protein and reduce cost. However, studies have indicated that high-carbohydrate(HC) diet disrupt the homeostasis of the gut–liver axis in largemouth bass, resulting in decreased intestinal acetate and butyrate level.Method Herein, we had concepted a set of feeding experiment to assess the effects of dietary sodium acetate(SA) and sodium butyrate(SB) on liver health and the intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass fed an HC diet. The experimental design comprised 5 isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including LC(9% starch), HC(18% starch), HCSA(18% starch;2 g/kg SA), HCSB(18% starch;2 g/kg SB), and HCSASB(18% starch;1 g/kg SA + 1 g/kg SB). Juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were fed on these diets for 56 d.Results We found that dietary SA and SB reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation by activating autophagy(ATG101, LC3B and TFEB), promoting lipolysis(CPT1α, HSL and AMPKα), and inhibiting adipogenesis(FAS, ACCA, SCD1 and PPARγ). In addition, SA and SB decreased oxidative stress in the liver(CAT, GPX1α and SOD1) by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Meanwhile, SA and SB alleviated HC-induced inflammation by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β, COX2 and Hepcidin1) through the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, SA and SB increased the abundance of bacteria that produced acetic acid and butyrate(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1). Combined with the KEGG analysis, the results showed that SA and SB enriched carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways, thereby improving the utilization of carbohydrates. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that growth performance was closely related to hepatic lipid deposition, autophagy, antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and intestinal microbial composition.Conclusions In conclusion, dietary SA and SB can reduce hepatic lipid deposition;and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in largemouth bass fed on HC diet. These beneficial effects may be due to the altered composition of the gut microbiota caused by SA and SB. The improvement effects of SB were stronger than those associated with SA.展开更多
Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with d...Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype.Thirty-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary groups.The control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7%on a dry matter basis.Conversely,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10%reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%,25.9%,and 29.4%of CP,respectively.Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(P<0.05).Notably,LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA(P<0.05).The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid(AA)biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25%to 30%.Moreover,LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NH_(4)^(+) eN and NO_(2) eN contents as well as urease activity,compared with CON(P<0.05).Concomitantly,reductions in fecal glutamic acid dehydrogenase gene(gdh),nitrite reductase gene(nirS),and nitric oxide reductase gene(norB)abundances were observed(P<0.05),pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source.Of significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(e.g.arginine,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N efficiency.In summary,a 10%reduction in CP,coupled with an SP level of approximately 25%to 30%,demonstrated the potential to curtail reactive N emissions through fecal Prevotella enrichment and improve intestinal energy and N utilization efficiency.展开更多
基金supported by the Fondazione Cariplo project CELLOW-FEEP:Circular economy:live larvae recycling organic waste as sustainable feed for rural poultry(ID 2019–1944)。
文摘Background:Black soldier fly(BSF)is one of the most promising species for the intensive breeding of insects given its adaptability and its efficiency in the conversion of waste.To maximize the production and use waste as substrates,it is essential to determine the larvae nutritional requirements.The study aims to evaluate the effects of5 practical,semi-purified and isoenergetic diets(PSPID)with increasing protein levels(10%,CP10;14%,CP14;16%,CP16;19%,CP19)on BSF life history traits.A total of 2000 six-day-old larvae were weighed and divided into groups of 100(4 replicates/treatment[PSPID and Gainesville diet(GA)used as environmental control]).In larva-prepupa stage,sampling was carried out on 30 individuals/replicate,while in prepupa-adult stage on 35.Results:In the whole larval stage,the CP16 treatment performed better when compared to the other groups.At18 days old,the CP14 treatment showed a higher weight than the CP19(P<0.01),while the CP10 and CP16weights were intermediate.On the contrary,the CP10 prepupae weight was higher than the CP19(P<0.01).The CP10 and CP14 pupae performed better in terms of weight when compared to the others(P<0.01).The dietary treatments did not affect the adult parameters.The sex significantly influenced both the exuvia weight,which was the greatest in females(P<0.001),and the fly lifespan,longest in males(P<0.05).Fly lifespan was also influenced by the interaction between treatment and sex,with the CP19 females showing a longer life than the others(P<0.05).Conclusions:In conclusion,the optimal protein level considering the whole larval stage is 16%on dry matter(DM).At 18 days old,looking at the size intended for the meal production,it can be considered 14%on DM.The result obtained on adult emergence in PSPID may not be attributable to the protein content.Further researches on macronutrients requirements determination have to be conducted to evaluate the substrates composition effects on BSF life history traits.
文摘BACKGROUND Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children globally,negatively impacting their physical and mental growth.Although common characteristics distinguish peaky eaters,including food selectivity,food neophobia,and food avoidance,there is no clear definition to assess this behavior.Due to the unavailability of data regarding picky eating,it wasn’t easy to estimate its prevalence.AIM To develop a regional protocol to help healthcare professionals identify and manage mild and moderate picky eating cases.METHODS A virtual roundtable discussion was held in April 2021 to gather the opinions of seven pediatricians and two pediatric dietitians from eight Middle Eastern countries who had great experience in the management of picky eating.The discussion covered different topics,including clearly defining mild and moderate picky eating,identifying the role of diet fortification in these cases,and the possibility of developing a systematic approach to diet fortification.RESULTS The panel identified picky eating as consuming an inadequate amount and variety of foods by rejecting familiar and unfamiliar food.Most of the time,moderate picky eating cases had micronutrient deficiencies with over-or undernutrition;the mild cases only showed inadequate food consumption and/or poor diet quality.Paying attention to the organic red flags like growth faltering and development delay and behavioral red flags,including food fixation and anticipatory gagging,will help healthcare professionals evaluate the picky eaters and the caregivers to care for their children.Although dietary supplementation and commercial food fortification play an important role in picky eating,they were no benefit in the Middle East.CONCLUSION The panel agreed that food fortification through a food-first approach and oral nutritional supplements would be the best for Middle Eastern children.These recommendations would facilitate identifying and managing picky-eating children in the Middle East.
文摘Purpose: In super-aging societies, prosthodontists will have a growing role and will need to improve their nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop-based model for increasing dysphagia diet awareness among prosthodontists working with head and neck cancer patients. Methods: The study had a post-intervention design and included 10 maxillofacial prosthetic educators from eight countries who participated in a 120-minute workshop focused on theoretical and practical training in nutrition support for patients with dysphagia. Sessions were held in a specialized restaurant in Tokyo and included lectures, observation of Japanese cooking techniques, hands-on preparation of dysphagia-friendly foods, and cross-cultural comparisons. Knowledge, confidence, and practical application were assessed using a post-workshop questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to evaluate outcomes. Results: Seven of the 10 prosthodontists completed the post-intervention questionnaire. All respondents reported overall satisfaction with the workshop. Session content was regarded as easy to understand by 57.14%, appropriate by 28.57%, and easy by 14.29%. Most respondents (85.71%) were “very satisfied” with the instructors’ explanations, and 100% were “very satisfied” with the workshop’s length and structure;71.42% felt they could apply the knowledge in clinical practice, while 28.58% anticipated challenges. The respondents appreciated the workshop’s focus on dysphagia, particularly in elderly patients, and valued the insights into Japanese dysphagia diets and culture. Conclusions: Workshops on nutrition provide an interactive platform for prosthodontists to enhance their knowledge and improve comprehensive patient care, highlighting the importance for prosthodontists to stay updated on developments in nutrition, particularly in dysphagia.
文摘Epidemiological studies indicate a strong correlation between various types of human cancer and dietary factors,whereas the specific mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Epigenetic alterations,such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,and noncoding RNA,are influenced by dietary components,especially phytochemicals and nutrients that participate in one-carbon metabolism.These alterations significantly impact cancer occurrence and progression.Consequently,epigenetic pathways may mediate the effects of diet on cancer risk.This review synthesizes the current information regarding the association of epigenetic alterations with cancer initiation and development,as well as the mechanisms by which diet exerts its influence on these changes.The goal of this minireview is to enhance the understanding of the roles of diet on epigenetic alterations to improve cancer prevention and treatment through diet.
文摘Background: Plant-based diets are eating patterns focusing on high intake of plant-basedfoods while limiting the intake of animal-based foods. In recent decades, plant-based dietshave received increasing attention for their potential benefits for humans and theenvironment. However, a comprehensive overview of the development trends and researchhotspots of plant-based diets is still lacking. Therefore, this scientometric study aimed to fillthis critical research gap. Methods: English literature related to plant-based diets publishedfrom 2012 to 2023 in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) of Web of Science CoreCollection was collected on August 16, 2023, using relevant key terms. R-bibliometrix,CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were used to analyze data and construct knowledge graphs.Results: Overall, 4135 publications (3127 articles and 1008 reviews) were included in thisstudy, showing an obvious upward trend in this field annually from 2012 to 2023, rangingfrom 70 to 921. The USA published the highest number of studies (n =1158) and was theleading research center in this field worldwide. Universities were the main researchinstitutions;particularly, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health contributed to thelargest number of publications (n = 88) and had an active cooperation with otherinstitutions. Mcclements DJ contributed the most publications (n = 49) and ranked firstamong the scholars in plant-based diets. The most productive academic journal (n = 353)on plant-based diets was Nutrients, with an IF2022 of 5.9, while Foods and Frontiers in Nutritionwere the relatively active journals in this field in recent years. “Quality,” “milk,” “culturedmeat,” “plant protein,” “environmental impacts,” “functional properties,” “plant-based meatalternative,” “dietary change,” “vegan diet,” “plant-based beverage,” “gut microbiota,”“middle-income countries,” and “chronic kidney disease” were the main research hotspotsand frontiers in the field of plant-based diets. Conclusion: This study provides acomprehensive overview of global research on plant-based diets. Although research in thisfield has gained increasing attention in recent decades, cooperation among differentinstitutions and researchers should be significantly strengthened. Moreover, more studiesare needed to further assess the health and environmental impacts of plant-based diets.
基金supported by the Seed Fund of Research Institute of Future Food(1-CD54)。
文摘High-fat diet(HFD)consumption induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and neuropsychiatric disorders,including anxiety.Previous research found that Tremella polysaccharide(TP)exhibited neuroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo.This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of TP on HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors and elucidate the underlying mechanisms from the point view of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Two groups of HFD-induced obese mice were orally gavaged with low dose(TPL,40 mg/kg)and high dose(TPH,400 mg/kg)of TP.A 12-week administration of TPH could significantly improve anxiety-like behaviors in HFD mice.In the hippocampus,microglia activation,the expression of blood-brain barrier(BBB)markers,and the levels of two neurotransmitters(serotonin and norepinephrine)were countered by TPH in mice consuming HFD.Furthermore,TPH improved the intestinal permeability and immune response of the enterocytes in HFD-fed mice.The gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by HFD was also rebalanced by TP treatments,especially in Proteobacteria and its lower taxa.The correlational analysis also suggested that shifts of some microbial genera were closely associated with body weight and the parameters of behavioral tests.Interestingly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)results indicated that fecal microbiota from TPH-treated obese mice could prevent HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors,suppressed microglia activation and intestinal permeability.In conclusion,the present study indicated that TP intake is a promising dietary intervention strategy to prevent HFD-induced anxiety via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
基金Shenyang Governmental Science and Technology Program(Project No.22-316-2-02)China Agriculture Research System Program(Project No.CARS-41-G04).
文摘Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal diets.Therefore,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid balance.Furthermore,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application technology.In this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level diets.Based on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were identified.Results Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid patterns.Male broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female broilers.For the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be increased.Therefore,further research on individual BCAA is required.For untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metabolites oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine in birds were significantly influ-enced by different dietary amino acid patterns.Conclusion Adjusting the amino acid profile of low-protein diets is required to achieve normal growth performance in broiler chickens fed normal-protein diets.Oxypurinol,pantothenic acid,and D-octopine have been identified as potentially sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001679 and 31871801)the Science and Technology Research of Shaanxi Province(2021QFY07-03)+1 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103098)the Scientific and Technological Achievements Commercialization Program of Shaanxi(2023-YDCGZH-13)。
文摘Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue,and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in animal fed high-fat diet(HFD).However,the role of gut microbiota in the improvement of obesity by PPPs has not been elucidated.In current study,we applied antibiotics to inhibit gut microbiota in mice fed HFD and treated with PPPs.The results showed that the inhibition of gut microbiota impair the effect of PPPs on reducing obesity and promoting adipose browning,and change the fecal metabolomic profiles in respond to PPPs.Moreover,the inhibition of gut microbiota supressed the promotive effects of PPPs on the levels of Akkermansia and microbiota-related metabolites,such as urolithin A,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs),which were associated with activating adipose browning.Therefore,our results suggested that the presence of gut microbiota is essential for PPPs to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity.The related bacteria or metabolites generated by the interaction between PPPs and microbiota promote adipose browning and facilitate the beneficial effects of PPPs.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81800703)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20231088)+8 种基金Beijing Nova Program(Z201100006820117 and 20220484181)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(7184252)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BMU2021MX013)Peking University Clinical Scientist Training Program(BMU2023PYJH022)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary ResearchChina Endocrine and Metabolism Young Scientific Talent Research Project(2022-N-02-01)China Diabetes Young Scientific Talent Research ProjectBethune-Merck Diabetes Research Fund of Bethune Charitable Foundation。
文摘Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet has been linked to increased risks of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in offspring.However,the precise epigenetic mechanisms governing these intergenerational effects,particularly during the early stages of offspring development,remain poorly understood.In this study,female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to either a high-fat diet or normal chow diet throughout gestation and lactation.Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation(MeDIP)coupled with microarray analysis was employed to identify differentially methylated genes in the livers of offspring at weaning age.We found that maternal high-fat diet feeding predisposes offspring to obesity and impaired glucose metabolism as early as the weaning period.DNA methylation profile analysis unveiled a significant enrichment of differentially methylated genes within the natural killer(NK)cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway.MeDIP-PCR validated reduced methylation levels of specific genes within this pathway,including tumour necrosis factorα(TNF-α),phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K),and SHC adaptor protein 1(SHC1).Consistently,the expressions of TNF-α,PI3K,and SHC1 were significantly upregulated,accompanied by elevated serum TNF-αand interleukin-6(IL-6)levels in offspring from dams fed with high-fat diet.Moreover,we assessed the expressions of genes associated with NK cell activities,uncovering a notable rise in hepatic granzyme B levels and a trend towards increased CD107a expression in offspring from dams fed a high-fat diet.In addition,methylation levels of TNF-α,PI3K,and SHC1 promoters were inversely correlated with glucose response during glucose tolerance testing.In conclusion,our findings underscore the critical role of the NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity signaling pathway in mediating DNA methylation patterns,thereby contributing to the programming effects of maternal high-fat diet consumption on offspring glucose metabolism as early as the weaning period.
基金supported by Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund(CUHK 14102321,14103722 and 14104923)。
文摘Oxidized cholesterol(OXC)is a harmful dietary substance.Although the consumption of OXC has been associated with colonic inflammation,related underlying mechanisms are still limited.We evaluated the influence of dietary OXC on gut health and ecology by applying the murine model.Results showed that the thickness of the mucus layer was significantly reduced in healthy mice treated with OXC.Short-term intake of OXC did not influence the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in healthy mice but it induced the decrease of Muc2 expression in the proximal colon,accompanied by an increase in the abundance of 2 mucusdegrading bacteria,namely Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Consistently,oral exposure of OXC promoted mucus barrier erosion in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mice and facilitated bacteria infiltration in the colon.The adverse effect of OXC on mucus layer disappeared in antibiotics-treated healthy mice,suggesting that the damaging effect of OXC on the gut mucus layer was not direct and instead was mediated by causing microbiota dysbiosis.Finally,the impact of OXC on the mucus layer and colitis was partly alleviated by green tea catechins.These studies demonstrated that the OXC-induced mucus barrier damage was mainly induced by the dysregulation of gut microbiota at least in this mouse model.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32125031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP222001)Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control,China。
文摘Aflatoxin B_1(AFB_1)is a common contaminant in cereals of global concern,and long-term low-dose exposure can adversely affect human health.Here,we showed that populations with dietary patterns characterized by high-fat diet(HFD)might have an increased risk of exposure to high levels of AFB_1.Our data indicated that chronic exposure of AFB_1 induced“gut-liver axis”injury in mice under HFD and normal diet(ND)patterns.AFB_1 further aggravated hepatic and intestinal injury,and intestinal microbiota disruption in HFD mice.Bifidobacterium breve BAA-2849 intervention analysis showed that liver injury and lipid disorders caused by AFB_1 exposure were alleviated by regulating the proportions of different gut microbes.We demonstrated through a mice model that the populations with a dietary pattern of HFD might be more susceptible to AFB_1 exposure and adverse effects on the gut-liver axis,and the toxicity of AFB_1 exposure can be alleviated by regulating the gut microbiota.
基金funding from the European Union -NextGenerationEU through the Italian Ministry of University and Research under PRIN PNRR REG D.R.1718-2022– Project number PRJ-1575 INDICA。
文摘Indicaxanthin is a betalain that is abundant in Opuntia ficus-indica orange fruit and has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, very little is known about the neuroprotective potential of indicaxanthin. This study investigated the impact of indicaxanthin on neuronal damage and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet in mice. The mice were divided into three groups according to different diets: the negative control group was fed a standard diet;the high-fat diet group was fed a high-fat diet;and the high-fat diet + indicaxanthin group was fed a high-fat diet and received indicaxanthin orally(0.86 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. Brain apoptosis, redox status, inflammation, and the gut microbiota composition were compared among the different animal groups. The results demonstrated that indicaxanthin treatment reduced neuronal apoptosis by downregulating the expression of proapoptotic genes and increasing the expression of antiapoptotic genes. Indicaxanthin also markedly decreased the expression of neuroinflammatory proteins and genes and inhibited high-fat diet–induced neuronal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels. In addition, indicaxanthin treatment improved the microflora composition by increasing the abundance of healthy bacterial genera, known as producers of short-chain fatty acids(Lachnospiraceae, Alloprovetella, and Lactobacillus), and by reducing bacteria related to unhealthy profiles(Blautia, Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia and Bilophila). In conclusion, indicaxanthin has a positive effect on high-fat diet–induced neuronal damage and on the gut microbiota composition in obese mice.
基金financially supported by the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department,China(2021ZD0002)National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(32202054)Project Supported by the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(20DZ2202700)。
文摘Oat avenanthramides(AVNs)have been found to exhibit novel lipid-lowering effects.However,the mechanism remains unclear.In this study,the effect of avenanthramide B(AVN B),as one of the major AVNs,on highfat diet(HFD)-induced mice was investigated.Results showed that AVN B significantly inhibited weight gain and improved hepatic and serum lipid biochemical indices.Hepatic RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that AVN B significantly modulates fatty acid(FA)metabolism.Hepatic real-time qualitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)and Western blot results indicated that AVN B could alleviate FA synthesis by activating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP1c)-fatty acid synthase(FAS),and increase FA oxidation by activating the AMPK/carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A(CPT1A)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα(PPARα).Additionally,AVN B had a regulating effect on ileum lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal cell differentiation and downregulating the expression levels of FA absorption-related protein and gene.Moreover,AVN B promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and fungi such as Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002,Parvibacter,Enterococcus,and Aspergillus,while decreasing the abundance of Roseburia,unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae,Cladosporium,Eurotium,unclassified_f_Aspergillaceae and unclassified_f_Ceratocystidaceae.All these results provided new points of the lipid-lowing mechanism of AVNs and oats via the gut-liver axis.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Nova Program (No. Z201100006820069)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS, No. 2021-I2M-1-023, 2021-I2M-1-010)Talent Incentive Program of Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Hope Star)。
文摘Objective: Plant-based diets have multiple health benefits for cancers;however, little is known about the association between plant-based dietary patterns and esophageal cancer(EC).This study presents an investigation of the prospective associations among three predefined indices of plant-based dietary patterns and the risk of EC.Methods: We performed endoscopic screening for 15,709 participants aged 40-69 years from two high-risk areas of China from January 2005 to December 2009 and followed the cohort until December 31, 2022. The overall plant-based diet index(PDI), healthful plant-based diet index(h PDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index(u PDI), were calculated using survey responses to assess dietary patterns. We applied Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate the multivariable hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) of EC across 3plant-based diet indices and further stratified the analysis by subgroups.Results: The final study sample included 15,184 participants in the cohort. During a follow-up of 219,365person-years, 176 patients with EC were identified. When the highest quartile was compared with the lowest quartile, the pooled multivariable-adjusted HR of EC was 0.50(95% CI, 0.32-0.77) for h PDI. In addition, the HR per 10-point increase in the h PDI score was 0.42(95% CI, 0.27-0.66) for ECs. Conversely, u PDI was positively associated with the risk of EC, and the HR was 1.80(95% CI, 1.16-2.82). The HR per 10-point increase in the u PDI score was 1.90(95% CI, 1.26-2.88) for ECs. The associations between these scores and the risk of EC were consistent in most subgroups. These results remained robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: A healthy plant-based dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of EC. Emphasizing the healthiness and quality of plant-based diets may be important for preventing the development of EC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172749)the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31625025)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100102,2022YFC2105005).
文摘Glutamine,one of the most abundant amino acids in the body,has been shown to exert various beneficial effects in pigs.However,knowledge regarding the role of dietary glutamine in low-protein diet-fed piglets remains scarce.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of L-gluta-mine on growth performance,serum biochemistry parameters,redox status,amino acids,and fecal microbiota in low-protein diet-fed piglets.A total of 128 healthy crossbred piglets(Landrace x Yorkshire)were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 4 replicate pens,with 8 piglets per pen.Piglets in the 4 groups were fed with corn and soybean meal-based low-protein diets(crude protein level,17%)that contained 0%,1%,2%,and 3%L-glutamine,respectively,for 28 d.Pigs administered 1%L-glutamine had greater body weight on d 28 and average daily gain(ADG,P<0.01),whereas a lower feed to gain ratio(F:G)from d 1 to 28(P<0.01),compared to the other three groups.Besides,lower body weight on d 14 and 28,ADG,average daily feed intake,and higher F:G from d 15 to 28 and d 1 to 28 were observed in response to 2%and 3%L-glutamine treatments than 0%and 1%L-glutamine treatments(P<0.01).Moreover,1%L-glutamine reduced serum glucose,malondialdehyde,hydrogen peroxide concentrations and inhibited aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,myeloperoxidase activities in low-protein diet-fed piglets on d 14,with concomitantly upregulated catalase,total superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione level(P<0.05).However,dietary 3%L-glutamine enhanced blood urea nitrogen content in pigs on d 14(P<0.05).Further investigation revealed that 1%L-glutamine upregulated the serum glutamine,lysine,methionine,tyrosine,and reduced plasma valine content(P<0.05).Additionally,1%L-glutamine upregulated the abundance of p_75_a5,Clostridium,Lactobacillus,Prevotellaceae_Prevotella,and Gemmiger in the stool of piglets on d 14,with the Streptococcus level being concomitantly reduced(P<0.05).Collectively,dietary 1%L-glutamine enhances the growth performance and improves serum physiochemical parameters and antioxidative capacity in low-protein diet-fed piglets at an early age,which are associated with an increased synthesis of glutathione by modulating amino acid levels,and the optimization of gut microbiota.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.17ZR1431400and National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFA0103902.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is characterized by symptoms of excessive fat accumulation and steatosis in the liver without alcohol intake in patients.The associated pathogenic mechanism is not completely understood and there are no specific drugs for patients with NAFLD.Exercise and diet adherence are the best options for the management of NAFLD patients.Questionnaire associated analysis models of adherence to these interventions are used to assess their effectiveness in the management of NAFLD patients using specificity,sensitivity,and so on.Studies have indicated that the relative ratio of NAFLD can be reduced by physical activity with diet control.In the future,the pathogenesis of NAFLD should be clarified with stratified efforts to develop appropriate drugs,and both exercise and diet adherence should be optimized using better questionnaire design and evaluation models for patients with NAFLD.
基金the Heart Foundation Australia(#101234,#101583)an Emerging Leader Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council(2009254)an Early-Mid Career Researcher Grant under the New South Wales Cardiovascular Research Capacity Program.
文摘Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)prevention.However,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD prevention.We examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause mortality.Methods:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary recommendations.Physical activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total MVPA.We used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying covariates.Results:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,respectively.Multiplicative interactions between diet and physical activity were non-significant.For all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories.Accounting for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality.Conclusion:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy diet and an active lifestyle and incorporate some VPA when possible.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82173585 and 82273741)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.21KJB330005 and 22KJB330007)+1 种基金the Nanjing Major Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2021-11005)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 participants from the UK Biobank,with 75209 participants diagnosed with infectious diseases.Participants reporting the highest intake frequency of processed meat(odds ratio[OR]=1.0964,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.0622–1.1318)and red meat(OR=1.0895,95%CI:1.0563–1.1239)had a higher risk of infectious diseases,compared with those with the lowest intake frequency.Consuming fish 2.0–2.9 times(OR=0.8221,95%CI:0.7955–0.8496),cheese≥5.0 times(OR=0.8822,95%CI:0.8559–0.9092),fruit 3.0–3.9 servings(OR=0.8867,95%CI:0.8661–0.9078),and vegetables 2.0–2.9 servings(OR=0.9372,95%CI:0.9189–0.9559)per week were associated with a lower risk of infection.Low meat-eaters(OR=0.9404,95%CI:0.9243–0.9567),fish-eaters(OR=0.8391,95%CI:0.7887–0.8919),and vegetarians(OR=0.9154,95%CI:0.8561–0.9778)had a lower risk of infectious diseases,compared with regular meat-eaters.The mediation analysis revealed that glycosylated hemoglobin,white blood cell count,and body mass index served as the mediators in the associations between diet and infectious diseases.The current study indicates that the intake frequency of food groups is a risk factor for infectious diseases,and fish-eaters have a lower risk of infection.
基金supported by the Double Support Project (035–2221993229)。
文摘Background Adequate level of carbohydrates in aquafeeds help to conserve protein and reduce cost. However, studies have indicated that high-carbohydrate(HC) diet disrupt the homeostasis of the gut–liver axis in largemouth bass, resulting in decreased intestinal acetate and butyrate level.Method Herein, we had concepted a set of feeding experiment to assess the effects of dietary sodium acetate(SA) and sodium butyrate(SB) on liver health and the intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass fed an HC diet. The experimental design comprised 5 isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including LC(9% starch), HC(18% starch), HCSA(18% starch;2 g/kg SA), HCSB(18% starch;2 g/kg SB), and HCSASB(18% starch;1 g/kg SA + 1 g/kg SB). Juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were fed on these diets for 56 d.Results We found that dietary SA and SB reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation by activating autophagy(ATG101, LC3B and TFEB), promoting lipolysis(CPT1α, HSL and AMPKα), and inhibiting adipogenesis(FAS, ACCA, SCD1 and PPARγ). In addition, SA and SB decreased oxidative stress in the liver(CAT, GPX1α and SOD1) by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Meanwhile, SA and SB alleviated HC-induced inflammation by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β, COX2 and Hepcidin1) through the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, SA and SB increased the abundance of bacteria that produced acetic acid and butyrate(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1). Combined with the KEGG analysis, the results showed that SA and SB enriched carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways, thereby improving the utilization of carbohydrates. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that growth performance was closely related to hepatic lipid deposition, autophagy, antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and intestinal microbial composition.Conclusions In conclusion, dietary SA and SB can reduce hepatic lipid deposition;and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in largemouth bass fed on HC diet. These beneficial effects may be due to the altered composition of the gut microbiota caused by SA and SB. The improvement effects of SB were stronger than those associated with SA.
基金supported by Bintuan Science and Technology Program (2023AB078)Bintuan Agricultural Innovation Project (NCG202232)+2 种基金China Scholarship Council (NO.202208320271)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_3532,SJCX23_1991)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD),China.
文摘Dietary nutrient manipulation(e.g.protein fractions)could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants,especially reactive nitrogen(N).This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein(SP)levels with decreased crude protein(CP)on intestinal N absorption,hindgut N metabolism,fecal microbiota and metabolites,and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype.Thirty-two male Hu sheep,with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37±1.18 kg,were randomly assigned to four dietary groups.The control diet(CON),aligning with NRC standards,maintained a CP content of 16.7%on a dry matter basis.Conversely,the experimental diets(LPA,LPB,and LPC)featured a 10%reduction in CP compared with CON,accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%,25.9%,and 29.4%of CP,respectively.Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine,ammonia,urea N,and fecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)(P<0.05).Notably,LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA(P<0.05).The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid(AA)biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25%to 30%.Moreover,LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NH_(4)^(+) eN and NO_(2) eN contents as well as urease activity,compared with CON(P<0.05).Concomitantly,reductions in fecal glutamic acid dehydrogenase gene(gdh),nitrite reductase gene(nirS),and nitric oxide reductase gene(norB)abundances were observed(P<0.05),pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source.Of significance,the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine(duodenum,jejunum,and ileum)and the elevated concentration of plasma AA(e.g.arginine,methionine,aspartate,glutamate,etc.)underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N efficiency.In summary,a 10%reduction in CP,coupled with an SP level of approximately 25%to 30%,demonstrated the potential to curtail reactive N emissions through fecal Prevotella enrichment and improve intestinal energy and N utilization efficiency.
