Coaches experience considerable stress and anxiety in their pursuit of both team and individual success. Although there has been an increase in research aimed at promoting and managing the mental health of student-ath...Coaches experience considerable stress and anxiety in their pursuit of both team and individual success. Although there has been an increase in research aimed at promoting and managing the mental health of student-athletes, the mental well-being of coaches remains underexplored. Research indicates that the mental health profiles of coaches are similar to those of elite athletes [1] and should receive comparable attention. The introduction of Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) legislation, along with the rise of the Transfer Portal in collegiate athletics, has presented student-athletes with new and unexpected options, which also bring novel challenges to coaches and potentially impact elite-level coaches’ mental health. This manuscript will identify three categories of stressors—performance, organizational, and self-related—that affect elite men’s college basketball coaches, highlighting how NIL and the Transfer Portal exacerbate those stressors and their impact on coaches’ mental health.展开更多
Objective： To validate the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale-Chinese Version（SINS-CN） in a population of Macao nursing students. Methods： A methodological study was designed with 2 phases. In phase 1, a three-ex...Objective： To validate the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale-Chinese Version（SINS-CN） in a population of Macao nursing students. Methods： A methodological study was designed with 2 phases. In phase 1, a three-expert panel was invited to evaluate the content validity of SINS-CN, and then its test-retest reliability was examined over a 2-week interval. In phase 2,211 undergraduate nursing students were recruited, and 203 valid responses to the questionnaire were obtained. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was applied to validate the structure of the instrument. Results： The content validity index（CVI） was 0.89. The correlation coefficient of the test-retest reliability was 0.82 for the overall instrument and 0.70-0.88 for the instrument＇s sub-dimensions. Based on the 43 items of the instrument, five components were identified and accounted for 60. 28% of the variance with eigenvalues ranging from 1.32 to 10. 18. The factor loadings were 0.42-0.79. The internal consistency reliability of Cronbach＇s ot was 0.96 for the overall scale and 0.67-0.94 for its sub-dimensions. Conclusion： The study findings indicated that SINS-CN had acceptable psychometric properties in terms of content validity, stability and internal consistency reliability. The principal component analysis generated a 5-component structure with 43 items; this was slightly different from the origi- nai structure but was more applicable to the studied population, which suggests that this instrument has cross-cultural sensitivity.展开更多
Temporal changes in biological characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Yellow Sea were examined for the period of 1960–2008. The body size and age of small yellow croaker decreased subst...Temporal changes in biological characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Yellow Sea were examined for the period of 1960–2008. The body size and age of small yellow croaker decreased substantially, in particular, average length of fish in 2008 was reduced by ~85% than those occurring in 1985, and at that time ~93% of the total catch was dominated by one-year-old individuals. Correspondingly, growth parameters also varied significantly over the years, i.e., k（growth coefficient） and t_0（zero-length age） gradually increased from 0.26 and –0.58 year in 1960 to 0.56 and –0.25 year in 2008, respectively. Although, L∞（body length）sharply decreased from 34.21 cm in 1960 to 24.06 cm in 2008, and t_r（inflexion age） decreased from 3.78 year in1960 to 1.61 year in 2008. There was a great increase both in natural mortality coefficient and fishing mortality coefficient. However, according to the gray correlation analysis, changes in the biological characteristics of small yellow croaker were induced by different stressors ranked as： fishing vessel power〉feeding grade〉sea surface temperature. This study suggests that the active fishery management measures for biological characters of fish populations should be considered.展开更多
We investigate the strain in various Ge-on-insulator （GeOI） micro-structures induced by three phase-change maferials （PCMs） （Ge2Sb2Te5, Sb2Te3, GeTe） deposited. The PCMs could change the phase from amorphous sta...We investigate the strain in various Ge-on-insulator （GeOI） micro-structures induced by three phase-change maferials （PCMs） （Ge2Sb2Te5, Sb2Te3, GeTe） deposited. The PCMs could change the phase from amorphous state to polycrystalline state with a low temperature thermal annealing, resulting in an intrinsic contraction in the PCM films. Raman spectroscopy analysis is performed to compare the strain induced in the GeOI micro- structures by various PCMs. By comparison, Sb2 Tea could induce the largest amount of tensile strain in the GeOI micro-structures after the low temperature annealing. Based on the strain calculated from the Raman peak shifts, finite element numerical simulation is performed to calculate the strain-induced electron mobility enhancement for Ge n-MOSFETs with PCM liner stressors. With the adoption of Sb2 Te3 liner stressor, 22% electron mobility enhancement at Xinv=1×10^13cm^-2 could be achieved, suggesting that PCM especially Sb2 Te3 liner stressor is a promising technique for the performance enhancement of Ge MOSFETs.展开更多
Summary: Retrospective and prospective bio-behavioral cancer studies have revealed that psycho social stressors may play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of malignant neoplasia. In recent research, a p...Summary: Retrospective and prospective bio-behavioral cancer studies have revealed that psycho social stressors may play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of malignant neoplasia. In recent research, a pattern has emerged, which in analogy to the coronary prone pattern (type A) has been labelled type C, encompassing suppression of emotional responses, such as anger and hostility, rationality and antiemotionality, as well as high social conformity and a lack of self-assertiveness. There is growing evidence in both infrahuman and human research that specific coping styles (repressive coping) with stress may be associated with specific biologic responses, including neuroendocrine, immunologic and other bodily functions. The application of this model appears to be of importance for further research, as well as for the detection of high risk individuals, but also in regard to therapy, rehabilitation, early detection and possibly also prevention of malignant disease. This concept suggests also new directions and modifications of stress research, as stressors are to be viewed not necessarily as pathological, but in some instances as quite possibly salutary, depending on the nature of the stres-sor, the psychophysiologic state of the individual and his or her ability to cope with adverse life situations. Quite naturally, the development of this concept is still in its initial stages, there remain anumber of open questions, and it needs hardly to be pointed out in this connection that further and painstaking clinical and laboratory work is warranted in order to clarify the role of stressors, life and coping styles and its biological concomitants in neo-plastic disease.展开更多
Objectives:To translate and study the factor structure of a Japanese version of the Stressors in Nursing Students scale.Methods:The Stressors in Nursing Students scale was translated into Japanese and administered to ...Objectives:To translate and study the factor structure of a Japanese version of the Stressors in Nursing Students scale.Methods:The Stressors in Nursing Students scale was translated into Japanese and administered to a large cohort(N=1298)of female Japanese nursing students across five universities and across all four years of the nursing programme.The data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis.Results:Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors:‘Clinical’;‘Conflict and confidence’;‘Education’;and‘Free time’.The relationship between the total score on the Stressors in Nursing Students scale and the demographic aspects of the sample was weak but there was a significant increase in the perception of stressors between first and second year students.Conclusions:There were similarities and differences between the perception of stressors by nursing students in Japan compared with,for example,the United Kingdom and China mainland.While a fourfactor structure was found here,the distribution of items in the Stressors in Nursing Students scale differed from previous studies in the United Kingdom and China with the‘Free time’factor being unique to this study.Stress is an issue for nursing students and is related to the specific stressors they encounter in the process of their work and study.Findings can inform the development of strategies to reduce such stressors among nursing students in multiple,global contexts.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to test which stressors worsen the symptoms perceived by patients with lupus, thus broadening and corroborating results obtained in a previous study published in Psychosomatic ...Objective: The purpose of this study was to test which stressors worsen the symptoms perceived by patients with lupus, thus broadening and corroborating results obtained in a previous study published in Psychosomatic Medicine. Methods: In order to examine this question, we selected 43 patients with lupus whose symp-toms worsened due to the effects of daily stress. These patients were divided into two groups: patients whose increase in clinical lupus symp-tomatology was predicted by an increase in daily stressors on the same day (G1) and pa-tients whose increase in clinical lupus symp-tomatology was predicted by an increase in daily stressors the day before and the same day (G2). Later, three factorial analyses were con-ducted with the items related to stressors and the items related to lupic symptoms. Results: The results showed that in G1 there were three factors that made up a total of 35.08% of the explained variance. The stressors associated with certain symptoms of the illness in this group are feeling ill or being worried about their physical appearance, with the main stressor being the illness itself. However, in G2, two factors were found that made up a total of 40.37% of the explained variance for lag=0 and 38.67% for lag=1. The stressors associated with the majority of the lupus symptoms are of an interpersonal and work-related nature. This as-sociation was maintained when we carried out the factorial analyses with the items of the symptoms from the following day. Conclusions: The interpersonal and work-related stressors are related to a worsening in the majority of the lupic symptoms in the patients whose sympto-matology worsens as a result of daily stress experienced the day before.展开更多
Evidence showed occupational factors may contribute distress to breast cancer survivors, however, very few studies focused on the occupational factors and job strain among breast cancer survivors. This study examined ...Evidence showed occupational factors may contribute distress to breast cancer survivors, however, very few studies focused on the occupational factors and job strain among breast cancer survivors. This study examined the relationship between job strain and workplace stressors with psychological distress among employed breast cancer survivors after the completion of their medical treatment. Study subject were outpatients of 2 hospitals and members of 4 breast cancer support groups. They were requested to fill up the Job Content Questionnaires (JCQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Distress Thermometer (DT) were filled up by the selected respondents. On simple logistic regression, psychological job demand and job strain were significantly associated with anxiety, distress on HADS-T and DT at (p < 0.001). While, psychological job demand (p < 0.001), social support (p = 0.047) and job strain (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. Results showed survivors with high job strain has 4.74 time the odds of having anxiety (p < 0.001). Survivors with high psychological job demand have 8.08 time the odds of getting depression (p < 0.001). On the other hand, social support served as a protective factor of depression, (p = 0.041). Survivors with high psychological job demand were 4.4 time the odds of having distress (HADS-T) (p = 0.012). As a conclusion, survivors who experienced high psychological job demand, low social support and high job strain were reported with anxiety, depression or psychological distress.展开更多
A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full,encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing approp...A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full,encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment.New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories.They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms.These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole.Therefore,they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment.Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes,without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors.We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems:The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome,for a condition of multiplicity of stressors,which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era,in the general population.We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily,regular life,across the lifespan,and beyond conditions of catastrophes.We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder,more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals.Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.展开更多
Teaching is a stressful profession characterizing the work of teachers.The Neoliberal reforms have added a further burden on teachers’work,increasing stress at work and resulting in negative health,occupational and e...Teaching is a stressful profession characterizing the work of teachers.The Neoliberal reforms have added a further burden on teachers’work,increasing stress at work and resulting in negative health,occupational and economic consequences.The aims of the study were to examine the perceptions of stress factors among Arab teachers in Israel,and the relationship between Arab teachers’stress factors by types of school(elementary,middle school,and high school)and gender.Stress factors were measured by using an instrument developed by Ablin et al.(2010).Three hundred forty-two public school Arab teachers participated in the study,of whom 230 were female and 112 were male.One hundred twenty-five worked in elementary schools,78 in middle schools,and 130 in high schools.The most stressful factors among Arab teachers were“busy schedule and lack of flexibility”,“the student composition of the class”,and“conflicting requirements between school assignments and home responsibilities”.Significant statistical differences were found between teachers’stress factors by gender and school type.Female teachers rated stress factors“the student composition of the class”and“conflicting requirements between school assignments and home responsibilities”higher than male teachers.Elementary teachers rated stress factors“student parents”,“lack of proper physical conditions”,and“requirement to teach a subject other than one’s specialty”higher than high school teachers.Middle school teachers rated stress factors“school management”,“general supervisor”,and“requirement to teach a subject other than one’s specialty”higher than primary school teachers.The leading stressor in this study is a result of educational disparities between Jews and Arabs.Israel formally purports to embrace the liberal responsibility of providing educational and development opportunities to all of its citizens,enabling them to actualize their full potential as human beings.展开更多
Background: Mental health has been impaired and at risk due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences due to confinement impacted every scenario, which directly influenced the daily routine of nurse student...Background: Mental health has been impaired and at risk due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences due to confinement impacted every scenario, which directly influenced the daily routine of nurse students;in each setting students faced stressors that trigger fear, anxiety and others, since being in confinement learning of topics moved to the home, laboratory practices in hospitals were cancelled leaving the room that is uncertain up to their return to in-person activities. It is important to highlight the need for innovation and strengthening of theoretical-pedagogic aspects centered at the student’s context as a human being with their own needs and problems, who will interact with others in the continuous process of health-illness. Objective: the aim was to identify the stressors in the nurse students’ formation in the new normality post-COVID-19. Methods: Qualitative and phenomenological research with 27 participants aged 20 - 25 years, nurse students of a public university. The information collection was through four focal groups of 6-7 members each, data analysis was done according to Miles & Huberman after signed informed consent of each participant, and authorized by the chairperson of the Nurse’ career. Results: Category 1, Cumulative stressors with sub-categories 1.1 Uncertainty, 1.2 Isolation, 1.3 Invisibility, 1.4 Mockery, 1.5 Exclusion. Category 2, Expectancy states with sub-categories 2.1 Low self-esteem, 2.2 Insecurity, 2.3 Anxiety, 2.4 Depression, 2.5 Temporary leave, 2.6 Search for authenticity. Category 3, Internalization processes with sub-categories 3.1 Social rejection, 3.2 Self-censorship, 3.3 Discrediting, 3.4 Disempowerment. Category 4, Academic aspects affected with sub-categories 4.1 Deficient studying habits, 4.2 Deficient assimilations of knowledge, 4.3 Archived knowledge in the computer, 4.4 Absence of practice in previous semesters. Conclusion: Once identified the stressors in nurse students in the new normality post-COVID-19, it will allow the creation of settings that help in getting confidence for students, i.e., a safe surrounding promotes the development of abilities and competencies during formation, as well as recommendations of teachers in the classroom and laboratories that contribute to filling space that students perceive as empty, and to intensifying the companionship in clinical settings where students perceive most aggressiveness.展开更多
Stress as a state of anxiety is produced when responsibilities do not match expected knowledge, and hence challenges one’s coping abilities. Job stress can be as a result of the nature of the job (work) or can result...Stress as a state of anxiety is produced when responsibilities do not match expected knowledge, and hence challenges one’s coping abilities. Job stress can be as a result of the nature of the job (work) or can result from the workers commonly referred to as dispositional stress. Stressors are conditions or situations which trigger stress response. Stressors can be inherent in the job due to factors affecting the occupation. This paper therefore highlights impact of technological stress (technostress) in auditing firm in developing countries.展开更多
During the COVID-19 Epidemic, nurses are usually informed of emotional exhaustion, increased workloads, and uncertainty, leading to burnout. Consequently, psychological health initiatives are essential to support nurs...During the COVID-19 Epidemic, nurses are usually informed of emotional exhaustion, increased workloads, and uncertainty, leading to burnout. Consequently, psychological health initiatives are essential to support nurses during a pandemic. This project aims to investigate the stress levels and identify the Coping Strategies of Nurses during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Sharjah Primary Health Center, as they are always at the front line of this epidemic. The nature of their work, they are mainly infected and spread the virus amongst colleagues and family. The target population is nurses working in Sharjah primary health centers, and the number sample is 230. The researcher sent the survey through the link. And in this research, we used two instruments which include the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale and The Coping Strategies Scale (CSS). This study shows that the most stressful factor is related to workload, especially related to unpredictable staffing and scheduling. On the other hand, the most coping strategies were those that were associated with Meaning-focused Coping Strategies, especially believing that valuable lessons can learn from undesirable experiences.展开更多
The study aimed to investigate the influence of academic stressors on mental health and the mediating effect of social support and self-identity among college students and further studied the difference between the gra...The study aimed to investigate the influence of academic stressors on mental health and the mediating effect of social support and self-identity among college students and further studied the difference between the graduating students and non-graduating students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Recruiting 900 college students as sub-jects,used the college students’academic stressors questionnaire,social support questionnaire,self-identity scale and depression anxiety stress scales(DASS-21).The results showed that:(1)The college students’academic stressor posi-tively predicted mental health;(2)Social support and self-identity mediated the relationship;(3)The model also held when academic stressors was replaced by work stressor,but there were differences between the graduating and non-graduating students;(4)The direct effect work stressor on mental health in the graduating group was not significant;(5)The non-graduating students’work stressor could not predict mental health through social support.展开更多
Background:People with mental disorders often experience human rights violations,discrimination,exclusion,and stigma.Objective:To determine the stressors and coping mechanisms of people with mental disorders in societ...Background:People with mental disorders often experience human rights violations,discrimination,exclusion,and stigma.Objective:To determine the stressors and coping mechanisms of people with mental disorders in society.Methods:This research is a qualitative phenomenological research.We wanted to explore and describe the experiences of mentally ill patients in the community at the rehabilitation stage in stress management,including the stressors in people with a mental health condition and the coping mechanisms used.Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews with 15 participants.Results:The results of this study show that the stressors of mental illness patients are a less-accepting environment,feeling of shame,fear of being excluded,having no income,and side effects of drugs.Conclusions:The coping mechanisms used include carrying out activities,telling stories to others,and diverting emotions.展开更多
COVID-19 has been a hot topic of research in medical journals. There are many articles which have been published on the genetic sequencing, pathology and other medical conditions associated with COVID-19, however, the...COVID-19 has been a hot topic of research in medical journals. There are many articles which have been published on the genetic sequencing, pathology and other medical conditions associated with COVID-19, however, there are very few articles which acknowledge the psychological and behavioral aspects of front-line medical workers especially nurses. The purpose of the study is to understand the stressors, psychological behavior status and the correlation between psychological behavior and stressors for nurses who served in COVID-19 ward. The general information questionnaire, the nurse job stressor scale in Chinese, and the emergency public health incident questionnaire were used to survey 282 nurses in Jingzhou Central Hospital who supported COVID-19 ward. The result shows that the average work stress of nurses in this study was 1.40 ± 0.54 points. The top 3 dimensions were conceptual stress (1.67 ± 0.68), working environment stress (1.57 ± 0.60), and occupational hazard stress (1.57 ± 0.66). With different marital status, the average scores of stress are different, and the difference is statistically significant (t = 2.139, P = 0.034). For nurses in COVID-19 ward who faced sudden public health crisis, the self-evaluated psychological score of nurses in COVID-19 ward averages 1.40 with a deviation of 0.54. In our study, fear had the highest influence on psychological behavior, while the lowest was the compulsive-anxiety factor. There was a positive correlation between the stressor scores and the psychological behavior scores (P < 0.01). The conclusion is that the pressure of nurses supporting COVID-19 ward is under moderate pressure, and the psychological behavior is moderately responded with a few nurses having psychological behavior deviation.展开更多
Emerging evidence indicates that childhood stressors, such as familial conflict, bullying, academic pressure, and traumatic events, can significantly worsen inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD) and...Emerging evidence indicates that childhood stressors, such as familial conflict, bullying, academic pressure, and traumatic events, can significantly worsen inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. This review explores the underlying neuroimmune pathways that link stress to skin inflammation in children, focusing on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stress-induced cytokine production. Studies have shown that chronic psychological stress leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis, resulting in elevated cortisol levels, which paradoxically impair skin barrier function and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Specific stressors, such as bullying, have been associated with heightened immune responses, increasing inflammation in the skin. For example, research has demonstrated that children who experience social stressors show elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other markers of systemic inflammation, which directly correlate with skin condition flare-ups. Furthermore, exposure to early life stress has been linked to long-term alterations in immune function, perpetuating chronic inflammation even in the absence of ongoing stress. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies assessing how the timing, duration, and type of stressors influence skin condition severity, alongside evaluating interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and stress management techniques. By addressing these childhood stressors, there is potential to not only mitigate skin condition flares but also reduce the long-term health consequences of chronic inflammation leading to therapeutic strategies that emphasize mental health alongside traditional dermatological treatments.展开更多
Antibiotic re sistance genes(ARGs)in aquatic enviro nments,which seriously endanger human health and ecological safety,have become a worldwide concern due to their easy diffusion and proliferation.Wastewater treatment...Antibiotic re sistance genes(ARGs)in aquatic enviro nments,which seriously endanger human health and ecological safety,have become a worldwide concern due to their easy diffusion and proliferation.Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),which receive resistant bacteria and ARGs from a wide variety of sources(i.e.,livestock farms,hospitals,antibiotic manufactures,and households),are regarded as important emission sources of aquatic ARGs.This review presents a quantitative profile of the majority sources of ARGs in the influent of WWTPs and discusses the potential factors that affect the concentration distribution of ARGs.Specifically,a noteworthy existence of ARGs,which ranged from 1 E+05 to 1 E+11 copies/mL,was detected in livestock breeding wastewater,and household wastewater(caused by the unlimited utilization of antibiotics)was determined to be the predominant contributor of ARGs in WWTPs.We summarized the selective pressure on ARGs and determined the positive correlation of the concentration of ARGs and the existence of many containments,including antibiotics,heavy metals(Zn and Cu were frequently reported),quaternary ammonium compounds,etc.In the last section,physical,chemical,and biological treatments for the removal of ARGs and their effluent in WWTPs are discussed and prospective future studies are summarized.展开更多
This study focuses on the relationship between job stress and intention to leave among obstetric(OB)nurses in the context of China's birth policy adjustment,and provides a scientific basis for policymakers and hea...This study focuses on the relationship between job stress and intention to leave among obstetric(OB)nurses in the context of China's birth policy adjustment,and provides a scientific basis for policymakers and healthcare administrators.This study used a non-experimental descriptive correlation design with a purposive sampling of 230 OB nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Jinan,Shandong Province.Participants were surveyed using three questionnaires and descriptive analysis;ANOVA and correlation analyses were used to analyze the relationship between participants'stressor levels and turnover intention.Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between nurses‘work stressors and turnover intention,with a correlation coefficient of r=0.53,a moderate positive correlation(P<0.001).Based on the survey data from three tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province,the obstetric nurses group has a medium level of work stressors,but a high turnover intention,highlighting the professional identity crisis.展开更多
文摘Coaches experience considerable stress and anxiety in their pursuit of both team and individual success. Although there has been an increase in research aimed at promoting and managing the mental health of student-athletes, the mental well-being of coaches remains underexplored. Research indicates that the mental health profiles of coaches are similar to those of elite athletes [1] and should receive comparable attention. The introduction of Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) legislation, along with the rise of the Transfer Portal in collegiate athletics, has presented student-athletes with new and unexpected options, which also bring novel challenges to coaches and potentially impact elite-level coaches’ mental health. This manuscript will identify three categories of stressors—performance, organizational, and self-related—that affect elite men’s college basketball coaches, highlighting how NIL and the Transfer Portal exacerbate those stressors and their impact on coaches’ mental health.
基金supported by Macao Polytechnic Institute Research Fund(Code:RP/ESS-03/2012)
文摘Objective： To validate the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale-Chinese Version（SINS-CN） in a population of Macao nursing students. Methods： A methodological study was designed with 2 phases. In phase 1, a three-expert panel was invited to evaluate the content validity of SINS-CN, and then its test-retest reliability was examined over a 2-week interval. In phase 2,211 undergraduate nursing students were recruited, and 203 valid responses to the questionnaire were obtained. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was applied to validate the structure of the instrument. Results： The content validity index（CVI） was 0.89. The correlation coefficient of the test-retest reliability was 0.82 for the overall instrument and 0.70-0.88 for the instrument＇s sub-dimensions. Based on the 43 items of the instrument, five components were identified and accounted for 60. 28% of the variance with eigenvalues ranging from 1.32 to 10. 18. The factor loadings were 0.42-0.79. The internal consistency reliability of Cronbach＇s ot was 0.96 for the overall scale and 0.67-0.94 for its sub-dimensions. Conclusion： The study findings indicated that SINS-CN had acceptable psychometric properties in terms of content validity, stability and internal consistency reliability. The principal component analysis generated a 5-component structure with 43 items; this was slightly different from the origi- nai structure but was more applicable to the studied population, which suggests that this instrument has cross-cultural sensitivity.
基金The National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract No.2015CB453303the Aoshan Scientific and Technical Innovation Program under contract No.2015ASKJ02-05the Taishan Scholar Project Special Fund
文摘Temporal changes in biological characteristics of small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the Yellow Sea were examined for the period of 1960–2008. The body size and age of small yellow croaker decreased substantially, in particular, average length of fish in 2008 was reduced by ~85% than those occurring in 1985, and at that time ~93% of the total catch was dominated by one-year-old individuals. Correspondingly, growth parameters also varied significantly over the years, i.e., k（growth coefficient） and t_0（zero-length age） gradually increased from 0.26 and –0.58 year in 1960 to 0.56 and –0.25 year in 2008, respectively. Although, L∞（body length）sharply decreased from 34.21 cm in 1960 to 24.06 cm in 2008, and t_r（inflexion age） decreased from 3.78 year in1960 to 1.61 year in 2008. There was a great increase both in natural mortality coefficient and fishing mortality coefficient. However, according to the gray correlation analysis, changes in the biological characteristics of small yellow croaker were induced by different stressors ranked as： fishing vessel power〉feeding grade〉sea surface temperature. This study suggests that the active fishery management measures for biological characters of fish populations should be considered.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61376097,61504120U1609213,the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No LR14F040001the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No 20130091110025
文摘We investigate the strain in various Ge-on-insulator （GeOI） micro-structures induced by three phase-change maferials （PCMs） （Ge2Sb2Te5, Sb2Te3, GeTe） deposited. The PCMs could change the phase from amorphous state to polycrystalline state with a low temperature thermal annealing, resulting in an intrinsic contraction in the PCM films. Raman spectroscopy analysis is performed to compare the strain induced in the GeOI micro- structures by various PCMs. By comparison, Sb2 Tea could induce the largest amount of tensile strain in the GeOI micro-structures after the low temperature annealing. Based on the strain calculated from the Raman peak shifts, finite element numerical simulation is performed to calculate the strain-induced electron mobility enhancement for Ge n-MOSFETs with PCM liner stressors. With the adoption of Sb2 Te3 liner stressor, 22% electron mobility enhancement at Xinv=1×10^13cm^-2 could be achieved, suggesting that PCM especially Sb2 Te3 liner stressor is a promising technique for the performance enhancement of Ge MOSFETs.
文摘Summary: Retrospective and prospective bio-behavioral cancer studies have revealed that psycho social stressors may play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of malignant neoplasia. In recent research, a pattern has emerged, which in analogy to the coronary prone pattern (type A) has been labelled type C, encompassing suppression of emotional responses, such as anger and hostility, rationality and antiemotionality, as well as high social conformity and a lack of self-assertiveness. There is growing evidence in both infrahuman and human research that specific coping styles (repressive coping) with stress may be associated with specific biologic responses, including neuroendocrine, immunologic and other bodily functions. The application of this model appears to be of importance for further research, as well as for the detection of high risk individuals, but also in regard to therapy, rehabilitation, early detection and possibly also prevention of malignant disease. This concept suggests also new directions and modifications of stress research, as stressors are to be viewed not necessarily as pathological, but in some instances as quite possibly salutary, depending on the nature of the stres-sor, the psychophysiologic state of the individual and his or her ability to cope with adverse life situations. Quite naturally, the development of this concept is still in its initial stages, there remain anumber of open questions, and it needs hardly to be pointed out in this connection that further and painstaking clinical and laboratory work is warranted in order to clarify the role of stressors, life and coping styles and its biological concomitants in neo-plastic disease.
文摘Objectives:To translate and study the factor structure of a Japanese version of the Stressors in Nursing Students scale.Methods:The Stressors in Nursing Students scale was translated into Japanese and administered to a large cohort(N=1298)of female Japanese nursing students across five universities and across all four years of the nursing programme.The data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis.Results:Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors:‘Clinical’;‘Conflict and confidence’;‘Education’;and‘Free time’.The relationship between the total score on the Stressors in Nursing Students scale and the demographic aspects of the sample was weak but there was a significant increase in the perception of stressors between first and second year students.Conclusions:There were similarities and differences between the perception of stressors by nursing students in Japan compared with,for example,the United Kingdom and China mainland.While a fourfactor structure was found here,the distribution of items in the Stressors in Nursing Students scale differed from previous studies in the United Kingdom and China with the‘Free time’factor being unique to this study.Stress is an issue for nursing students and is related to the specific stressors they encounter in the process of their work and study.Findings can inform the development of strategies to reduce such stressors among nursing students in multiple,global contexts.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to test which stressors worsen the symptoms perceived by patients with lupus, thus broadening and corroborating results obtained in a previous study published in Psychosomatic Medicine. Methods: In order to examine this question, we selected 43 patients with lupus whose symp-toms worsened due to the effects of daily stress. These patients were divided into two groups: patients whose increase in clinical lupus symp-tomatology was predicted by an increase in daily stressors on the same day (G1) and pa-tients whose increase in clinical lupus symp-tomatology was predicted by an increase in daily stressors the day before and the same day (G2). Later, three factorial analyses were con-ducted with the items related to stressors and the items related to lupic symptoms. Results: The results showed that in G1 there were three factors that made up a total of 35.08% of the explained variance. The stressors associated with certain symptoms of the illness in this group are feeling ill or being worried about their physical appearance, with the main stressor being the illness itself. However, in G2, two factors were found that made up a total of 40.37% of the explained variance for lag=0 and 38.67% for lag=1. The stressors associated with the majority of the lupus symptoms are of an interpersonal and work-related nature. This as-sociation was maintained when we carried out the factorial analyses with the items of the symptoms from the following day. Conclusions: The interpersonal and work-related stressors are related to a worsening in the majority of the lupic symptoms in the patients whose sympto-matology worsens as a result of daily stress experienced the day before.
文摘Evidence showed occupational factors may contribute distress to breast cancer survivors, however, very few studies focused on the occupational factors and job strain among breast cancer survivors. This study examined the relationship between job strain and workplace stressors with psychological distress among employed breast cancer survivors after the completion of their medical treatment. Study subject were outpatients of 2 hospitals and members of 4 breast cancer support groups. They were requested to fill up the Job Content Questionnaires (JCQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Distress Thermometer (DT) were filled up by the selected respondents. On simple logistic regression, psychological job demand and job strain were significantly associated with anxiety, distress on HADS-T and DT at (p < 0.001). While, psychological job demand (p < 0.001), social support (p = 0.047) and job strain (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. Results showed survivors with high job strain has 4.74 time the odds of having anxiety (p < 0.001). Survivors with high psychological job demand have 8.08 time the odds of getting depression (p < 0.001). On the other hand, social support served as a protective factor of depression, (p = 0.041). Survivors with high psychological job demand were 4.4 time the odds of having distress (HADS-T) (p = 0.012). As a conclusion, survivors who experienced high psychological job demand, low social support and high job strain were reported with anxiety, depression or psychological distress.
文摘A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full,encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment.New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories.They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms.These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole.Therefore,they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment.Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes,without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors.We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems:The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome,for a condition of multiplicity of stressors,which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era,in the general population.We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily,regular life,across the lifespan,and beyond conditions of catastrophes.We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder,more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals.Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
文摘Teaching is a stressful profession characterizing the work of teachers.The Neoliberal reforms have added a further burden on teachers’work,increasing stress at work and resulting in negative health,occupational and economic consequences.The aims of the study were to examine the perceptions of stress factors among Arab teachers in Israel,and the relationship between Arab teachers’stress factors by types of school(elementary,middle school,and high school)and gender.Stress factors were measured by using an instrument developed by Ablin et al.(2010).Three hundred forty-two public school Arab teachers participated in the study,of whom 230 were female and 112 were male.One hundred twenty-five worked in elementary schools,78 in middle schools,and 130 in high schools.The most stressful factors among Arab teachers were“busy schedule and lack of flexibility”,“the student composition of the class”,and“conflicting requirements between school assignments and home responsibilities”.Significant statistical differences were found between teachers’stress factors by gender and school type.Female teachers rated stress factors“the student composition of the class”and“conflicting requirements between school assignments and home responsibilities”higher than male teachers.Elementary teachers rated stress factors“student parents”,“lack of proper physical conditions”,and“requirement to teach a subject other than one’s specialty”higher than high school teachers.Middle school teachers rated stress factors“school management”,“general supervisor”,and“requirement to teach a subject other than one’s specialty”higher than primary school teachers.The leading stressor in this study is a result of educational disparities between Jews and Arabs.Israel formally purports to embrace the liberal responsibility of providing educational and development opportunities to all of its citizens,enabling them to actualize their full potential as human beings.
文摘Background: Mental health has been impaired and at risk due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences due to confinement impacted every scenario, which directly influenced the daily routine of nurse students;in each setting students faced stressors that trigger fear, anxiety and others, since being in confinement learning of topics moved to the home, laboratory practices in hospitals were cancelled leaving the room that is uncertain up to their return to in-person activities. It is important to highlight the need for innovation and strengthening of theoretical-pedagogic aspects centered at the student’s context as a human being with their own needs and problems, who will interact with others in the continuous process of health-illness. Objective: the aim was to identify the stressors in the nurse students’ formation in the new normality post-COVID-19. Methods: Qualitative and phenomenological research with 27 participants aged 20 - 25 years, nurse students of a public university. The information collection was through four focal groups of 6-7 members each, data analysis was done according to Miles & Huberman after signed informed consent of each participant, and authorized by the chairperson of the Nurse’ career. Results: Category 1, Cumulative stressors with sub-categories 1.1 Uncertainty, 1.2 Isolation, 1.3 Invisibility, 1.4 Mockery, 1.5 Exclusion. Category 2, Expectancy states with sub-categories 2.1 Low self-esteem, 2.2 Insecurity, 2.3 Anxiety, 2.4 Depression, 2.5 Temporary leave, 2.6 Search for authenticity. Category 3, Internalization processes with sub-categories 3.1 Social rejection, 3.2 Self-censorship, 3.3 Discrediting, 3.4 Disempowerment. Category 4, Academic aspects affected with sub-categories 4.1 Deficient studying habits, 4.2 Deficient assimilations of knowledge, 4.3 Archived knowledge in the computer, 4.4 Absence of practice in previous semesters. Conclusion: Once identified the stressors in nurse students in the new normality post-COVID-19, it will allow the creation of settings that help in getting confidence for students, i.e., a safe surrounding promotes the development of abilities and competencies during formation, as well as recommendations of teachers in the classroom and laboratories that contribute to filling space that students perceive as empty, and to intensifying the companionship in clinical settings where students perceive most aggressiveness.
文摘Stress as a state of anxiety is produced when responsibilities do not match expected knowledge, and hence challenges one’s coping abilities. Job stress can be as a result of the nature of the job (work) or can result from the workers commonly referred to as dispositional stress. Stressors are conditions or situations which trigger stress response. Stressors can be inherent in the job due to factors affecting the occupation. This paper therefore highlights impact of technological stress (technostress) in auditing firm in developing countries.
文摘During the COVID-19 Epidemic, nurses are usually informed of emotional exhaustion, increased workloads, and uncertainty, leading to burnout. Consequently, psychological health initiatives are essential to support nurses during a pandemic. This project aims to investigate the stress levels and identify the Coping Strategies of Nurses during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Sharjah Primary Health Center, as they are always at the front line of this epidemic. The nature of their work, they are mainly infected and spread the virus amongst colleagues and family. The target population is nurses working in Sharjah primary health centers, and the number sample is 230. The researcher sent the survey through the link. And in this research, we used two instruments which include the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale and The Coping Strategies Scale (CSS). This study shows that the most stressful factor is related to workload, especially related to unpredictable staffing and scheduling. On the other hand, the most coping strategies were those that were associated with Meaning-focused Coping Strategies, especially believing that valuable lessons can learn from undesirable experiences.
基金this study was supported by the funding applied by Tianjin Philosophy and Social Science Project(52WJ200044).
文摘The study aimed to investigate the influence of academic stressors on mental health and the mediating effect of social support and self-identity among college students and further studied the difference between the graduating students and non-graduating students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Recruiting 900 college students as sub-jects,used the college students’academic stressors questionnaire,social support questionnaire,self-identity scale and depression anxiety stress scales(DASS-21).The results showed that:(1)The college students’academic stressor posi-tively predicted mental health;(2)Social support and self-identity mediated the relationship;(3)The model also held when academic stressors was replaced by work stressor,but there were differences between the graduating and non-graduating students;(4)The direct effect work stressor on mental health in the graduating group was not significant;(5)The non-graduating students’work stressor could not predict mental health through social support.
文摘Background:People with mental disorders often experience human rights violations,discrimination,exclusion,and stigma.Objective:To determine the stressors and coping mechanisms of people with mental disorders in society.Methods:This research is a qualitative phenomenological research.We wanted to explore and describe the experiences of mentally ill patients in the community at the rehabilitation stage in stress management,including the stressors in people with a mental health condition and the coping mechanisms used.Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews with 15 participants.Results:The results of this study show that the stressors of mental illness patients are a less-accepting environment,feeling of shame,fear of being excluded,having no income,and side effects of drugs.Conclusions:The coping mechanisms used include carrying out activities,telling stories to others,and diverting emotions.
文摘COVID-19 has been a hot topic of research in medical journals. There are many articles which have been published on the genetic sequencing, pathology and other medical conditions associated with COVID-19, however, there are very few articles which acknowledge the psychological and behavioral aspects of front-line medical workers especially nurses. The purpose of the study is to understand the stressors, psychological behavior status and the correlation between psychological behavior and stressors for nurses who served in COVID-19 ward. The general information questionnaire, the nurse job stressor scale in Chinese, and the emergency public health incident questionnaire were used to survey 282 nurses in Jingzhou Central Hospital who supported COVID-19 ward. The result shows that the average work stress of nurses in this study was 1.40 ± 0.54 points. The top 3 dimensions were conceptual stress (1.67 ± 0.68), working environment stress (1.57 ± 0.60), and occupational hazard stress (1.57 ± 0.66). With different marital status, the average scores of stress are different, and the difference is statistically significant (t = 2.139, P = 0.034). For nurses in COVID-19 ward who faced sudden public health crisis, the self-evaluated psychological score of nurses in COVID-19 ward averages 1.40 with a deviation of 0.54. In our study, fear had the highest influence on psychological behavior, while the lowest was the compulsive-anxiety factor. There was a positive correlation between the stressor scores and the psychological behavior scores (P < 0.01). The conclusion is that the pressure of nurses supporting COVID-19 ward is under moderate pressure, and the psychological behavior is moderately responded with a few nurses having psychological behavior deviation.
基金supported by The National Basic Research Development Program of China(No.2009CB42115)the National Natural Science foundation of China(No.40901289),and WWF China
文摘Emerging evidence indicates that childhood stressors, such as familial conflict, bullying, academic pressure, and traumatic events, can significantly worsen inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. This review explores the underlying neuroimmune pathways that link stress to skin inflammation in children, focusing on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stress-induced cytokine production. Studies have shown that chronic psychological stress leads to dysregulation of the HPA axis, resulting in elevated cortisol levels, which paradoxically impair skin barrier function and upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Specific stressors, such as bullying, have been associated with heightened immune responses, increasing inflammation in the skin. For example, research has demonstrated that children who experience social stressors show elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other markers of systemic inflammation, which directly correlate with skin condition flare-ups. Furthermore, exposure to early life stress has been linked to long-term alterations in immune function, perpetuating chronic inflammation even in the absence of ongoing stress. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies assessing how the timing, duration, and type of stressors influence skin condition severity, alongside evaluating interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and stress management techniques. By addressing these childhood stressors, there is potential to not only mitigate skin condition flares but also reduce the long-term health consequences of chronic inflammation leading to therapeutic strategies that emphasize mental health alongside traditional dermatological treatments.
基金HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds(No.HSCJ201611)The funding from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.51878213)the funding by State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(No.2020TS01)。
文摘Antibiotic re sistance genes(ARGs)in aquatic enviro nments,which seriously endanger human health and ecological safety,have become a worldwide concern due to their easy diffusion and proliferation.Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),which receive resistant bacteria and ARGs from a wide variety of sources(i.e.,livestock farms,hospitals,antibiotic manufactures,and households),are regarded as important emission sources of aquatic ARGs.This review presents a quantitative profile of the majority sources of ARGs in the influent of WWTPs and discusses the potential factors that affect the concentration distribution of ARGs.Specifically,a noteworthy existence of ARGs,which ranged from 1 E+05 to 1 E+11 copies/mL,was detected in livestock breeding wastewater,and household wastewater(caused by the unlimited utilization of antibiotics)was determined to be the predominant contributor of ARGs in WWTPs.We summarized the selective pressure on ARGs and determined the positive correlation of the concentration of ARGs and the existence of many containments,including antibiotics,heavy metals(Zn and Cu were frequently reported),quaternary ammonium compounds,etc.In the last section,physical,chemical,and biological treatments for the removal of ARGs and their effluent in WWTPs are discussed and prospective future studies are summarized.
文摘This study focuses on the relationship between job stress and intention to leave among obstetric(OB)nurses in the context of China's birth policy adjustment,and provides a scientific basis for policymakers and healthcare administrators.This study used a non-experimental descriptive correlation design with a purposive sampling of 230 OB nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Jinan,Shandong Province.Participants were surveyed using three questionnaires and descriptive analysis;ANOVA and correlation analyses were used to analyze the relationship between participants'stressor levels and turnover intention.Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between nurses‘work stressors and turnover intention,with a correlation coefficient of r=0.53,a moderate positive correlation(P<0.001).Based on the survey data from three tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province,the obstetric nurses group has a medium level of work stressors,but a high turnover intention,highlighting the professional identity crisis.
