Objective:Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has five types of products,namely,raw rhubarb(RR),wine rhubarb(WR),vinegar rhubarb(VR),cooked rhubarb(CR),and rhubarb charcoal(RC).However,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is easily contaminated w...Objective:Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has five types of products,namely,raw rhubarb(RR),wine rhubarb(WR),vinegar rhubarb(VR),cooked rhubarb(CR),and rhubarb charcoal(RC).However,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is easily contaminated with fungi and mycotoxins if not harvested or processed properly.Here,we intend to analyze how microbiome assemblies and co-occurrence patterns are influenced by sampling locations and processing methods.Methods:High-throughput sequencing and internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)were carried out to study the diversities(α-andβ-diversity),composition(dominant taxa and potential biomarkers),and network complexitity of surface fungi on RR,WR,VR,CR,and RC collected from Gansu and Sichuan provinces,China.Results:The phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota;the genera Kazachstania,Malassezia,and Asterotremella;and the species Kazachstania exigua,Asterotremella pseudolonga,and Malassezia restricta were the dominant fungi and exhibited differences in the two provinces and the five processed products.Theα-diversity and network complexity were strongly dependent on processing methods.Chao 1,the Shannon index,and network complexity and connectivity were highest in the CR group.Theα-diversity and network complexity were influenced by sampling locations.Chao 1 and network complexity and connectivity were highest in the Gansu Province.Conclusion:The assembly and network of the surface microbiome on Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were shaped by processing methods and sampling locations.This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of microorganisms,which can provide early warning for potential mycotoxins and ensure the safety of drugs and consumers.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Plan(No.2022YFC3501801,2022YFC3501802and 2022YFC3501804)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(No.ZXKT21037,ZZ15-YQ044,ZXKT22050 and ZXKT22001)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Hainan Academician Innovation Platform(No.YSPTZX202137 and SQ2021PTZ0052)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2023E002-Y-58)。
文摘Objective:Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has five types of products,namely,raw rhubarb(RR),wine rhubarb(WR),vinegar rhubarb(VR),cooked rhubarb(CR),and rhubarb charcoal(RC).However,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is easily contaminated with fungi and mycotoxins if not harvested or processed properly.Here,we intend to analyze how microbiome assemblies and co-occurrence patterns are influenced by sampling locations and processing methods.Methods:High-throughput sequencing and internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)were carried out to study the diversities(α-andβ-diversity),composition(dominant taxa and potential biomarkers),and network complexitity of surface fungi on RR,WR,VR,CR,and RC collected from Gansu and Sichuan provinces,China.Results:The phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota;the genera Kazachstania,Malassezia,and Asterotremella;and the species Kazachstania exigua,Asterotremella pseudolonga,and Malassezia restricta were the dominant fungi and exhibited differences in the two provinces and the five processed products.Theα-diversity and network complexity were strongly dependent on processing methods.Chao 1,the Shannon index,and network complexity and connectivity were highest in the CR group.Theα-diversity and network complexity were influenced by sampling locations.Chao 1 and network complexity and connectivity were highest in the Gansu Province.Conclusion:The assembly and network of the surface microbiome on Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were shaped by processing methods and sampling locations.This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of microorganisms,which can provide early warning for potential mycotoxins and ensure the safety of drugs and consumers.
