Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between herpes simplex virus type II(HSV-2)infection in pregnant women and the adverse pregnancy outcomes(preterm delivery,spontaneous abortion,stillbirth,monstrum...Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between herpes simplex virus type II(HSV-2)infection in pregnant women and the adverse pregnancy outcomes(preterm delivery,spontaneous abortion,stillbirth,monstrum,low birth weight,intrauterine growth retardation,premature rupture of membranes),so as to provide clinical guidance for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by HSV-2 infection in pregnant women.Methods:2140 articles were collected from PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and other databases for the past 20 years.According to the inclusion criteria,the literatures about the relationship between HSV-2 infection of pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes were screened.The effect model was determined by heterogeneity test results,and the meta-analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:The results of meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of HSV-2 was higher in the adverse pregnancy group than in the control group(odds ratio[OR]:7.92,95%confidence interval[Cl]:3.91-16.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:HSV-2 infection will increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Prevention and effective control of HSV-2 infection in early pregnancy can reduce the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome,which is of great significance to the promotion of eugenics.展开更多
In order to investigate the antiviral effect of chinonin against Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the encephalitis model in mice and skin infection model in guinea pigs were established by HSV-Ⅰ and HSV-Ⅱ infection respe...In order to investigate the antiviral effect of chinonin against Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the encephalitis model in mice and skin infection model in guinea pigs were established by HSV-Ⅰ and HSV-Ⅱ infection respectively. Acyclovir was used as the positive reference drug to evaluate the antiviral capacity of chinonin. Chinonin showed an obvious therapeutic effect on encephalitis in mice at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. At both dosages, chinonin demonstrated stronger protection than acyclovir (1 and 5 mg/kg) to the infected mice from death. It was also found that chinonin could treat the skin infection in guinea pigs effectively. The therapeutic effect of chinonin was similar to that of acyclovir (5 mg/kg) at 25 mg/kg but obviously better than that at 50 and 75 mg/kg. In conclusion, chinonin is a potential candidate for the treatment against HSV.展开更多
Objective:To report the neurologic prognosis and autoimmune complications of 16 cases of childhood herpes simplex virus encephalitis.Methods:The study was conducted atŞanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital,Turkey fr...Objective:To report the neurologic prognosis and autoimmune complications of 16 cases of childhood herpes simplex virus encephalitis.Methods:The study was conducted atŞanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital,Turkey from June 2017 to August 2019.The study included 16 pediatric patients aged between 6 months and 17 years(median age 77.7 months)who were diagnosed with herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis by pediatric infectious disease and pediatric neurology clinics.Patients were followed using patient records,and interviews at the pediatric neurology clinic or via the telephone.Clinical and demographic data,received therapies,neurologic prognosis and complications were evaluated.Results:Patients with and without autoimmune encephalitis were compared in terms of age,sex,symptom duration before treatment,initial cerebrospinal fluid protein,glucose,red blood count and white blood count but no significant difference was found.Autoimmune complications were seen in four patients.N-methyl-D-aspartate encephalitis was observed in three patients and choreoathetosis was seen in one patient.The average follow-up period was 48.3 months.Twenty-five percent of the patients were receiving multiple antiepileptic drug(AED)treatment,43.8%were receiving single AED treatment and 31.3%were not receiving AED treatment at the end of the follow-up.Motor disability was observed in 12.5%and drug-resistant epilepsy was observed in 6.3%who had autoimmune complications.Conclusions:Seizures and movement disorders were controlled with immunotherapy and autoantibodies should be studied routinely.Treatment should be started early upon recognition of autoimmune complications through follow-up by measuring autoantibody levels and clinical examination results.Effective prevention and curative treatment modalities are needed to avoid herpes simplex virus encephalitis complications.展开更多
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) in children is a challenging diagnosis based on clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 or 2, varicell...Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) in children is a challenging diagnosis based on clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 or 2, varicella zoster virus (VZV), enterovirus or tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) could be identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum from children being evaluated for LNB, in order to elucidate whether such infectious diseases may be missed by the clinician. Methods: Ninety-nine pediatric patients (n = 99) were retrospectively included from a previous study on LNB in southeast of Sweden. They had been diagnosed as “Possible LNB” or “Not determined” due to negative Borrelia antibody index in CSF. Routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were used for detection of herpes viral RNA or enteroviral DNA in CSF. An ELISA assay was used for detection of anti-TBEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) in serum. Results: One patient showed elevated anti-TBEV IgM and IgG antibodies in serum, indicating a current TBE infection. No positive PCR reactions for HSV 1 or 2, VZV or enterovirus were detected in CSF from any of the patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that undiagnosed herpes- or enteroviral infections are unlikely to explain CNS symptoms in children being evaluated for LNB, whereas missed TBE infections may occur. TBEV serology should be included when evaluating children for LNB in TBE endemic areas.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially ...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental period.There is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of ASD.We aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and viruses.We performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this review.Most of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Viral infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with autism.At the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of factors.There is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with autism.In addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including viruses.Every effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of autism.Immune modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.展开更多
目的:探究单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染后脑脊液(CSF)中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平对自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的预测价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2021年3月河北中石油中心医院收治的200例HSV感染患者为研究对象,根据是否继发AE分为研究组(继发AE,35例...目的:探究单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染后脑脊液(CSF)中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平对自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的预测价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2021年3月河北中石油中心医院收治的200例HSV感染患者为研究对象,根据是否继发AE分为研究组(继发AE,35例)和对照组(未继发AE,165例)。多因素Logistic回归分析HSV感染患者继发AE的独立影响因素。Spearman法分析脑脊液中Cys-C、MMP-9与S100B水平的相关性。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9对AE的预测价值。构建风险预测模型并进行评价。结果:多因素Logistic回归分析显示,MRI异常、脑脊液S100B、MMP-9升高、EEG异常是HSV感染患者继发AE的独立危险因素,脑脊液Cys-C是其保护因素(P<0.05)。Spearman分析显示,HSV感染患者Cys-C浓度与S100B水平呈负相关(r=-0.83,P<0.05),MMP-9浓度与S100B水平呈正相关(r=0.88,P<0.05)。构建的联合预测因子pre1诊断HSV患者继发AE的AUC明显大于S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9单独预测的AUC(0.876 vs 0.827、0.787、0.750)。构建的风险预测模型具有良好的区分度和一致性。结论:脑脊液中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平均可对HSV感染患者诱发AE的可能性进行有效预测,且三项指标联合预测价值最大,其次是S100B蛋白、Cys-C、MMP-9。展开更多
Background:Electroencephalogram(EEG)is an important tool for the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSE).However,the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus(NCSE)in HSE is challenging without the he...Background:Electroencephalogram(EEG)is an important tool for the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSE).However,the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus(NCSE)in HSE is challenging without the help of continuous video EEG(CVEEG),and whether EEG is a predictor of outcome remains controversial.Case presentation:A 63-year-old woman presented with a 5 day history of fever,coma and seizures.Results of EEG,magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)were suggestive of herpes simplex encephalitis-1(HSE-1).Preliminary EEG showed periodic discharges at the prefrontal and temporal lobes,which were particularly synchronized with intermittent lip smacking movements,and the discharges were terminated by diazepam.After 2-week treatment with acyclovir,high-dose hormone pulse therapy and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy,the CSF was improved,but the patient’s consciousness became worsen,consistent with the diffuse slow waves in the delta range and low voltage of EEG activity.In the following 1 month,the patient had non-responsiveness to pain and sound as shown by CVEEG with diffuse slow waves.Sometimes paroxysmal very slow waves(0.5–1 Hz)were synchronized with intermittent paroxysmal eye movements,pupil abnormality,and sweating in the frontal area.After 2 months of treatment,the EEG abnormalities improved to have alpha rhythm.Conclusion:The CVEEG not only helps identify NCSE but can also be used to monitor HSE progression.展开更多
The disseminated herpes simplex virus 2(HSV-2)carries a high mortality rate in pregnant women if left unrec-ognized.It often presents as unrelieved fever and hepatitis.Diagnosis is challenging due to vague symptoms an...The disseminated herpes simplex virus 2(HSV-2)carries a high mortality rate in pregnant women if left unrec-ognized.It often presents as unrelieved fever and hepatitis.Diagnosis is challenging due to vague symptoms and potential overlap with other conditions.Pregnancy is a risk factor as it conforms to a partially immunocompro-mised state.Dissemination to the brain could be devastating,and the treatment requires intravenous antivirals like acyclovir.Fetal outcomes are variable based on previous case reports.We present a case of young female gravida 1 para 1 who presented with disseminated HSV infection mimicking HELLP(Hemolysis,Elevated Liver enzymes,and Low Platelets)syndrome.She responded well to intravenous acyclovir,and the fetus had a viable outcome at the 26th week of gestation.Early diagnosis can prevent progression to fulminant liver failure and the need for a liver transplant.展开更多
基金supported in part by grants from Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Xi'an Medical University,China(2021TD14)Industrialization Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education,China(20JC031)the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University,China(XYFYPT-2021-02).
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between herpes simplex virus type II(HSV-2)infection in pregnant women and the adverse pregnancy outcomes(preterm delivery,spontaneous abortion,stillbirth,monstrum,low birth weight,intrauterine growth retardation,premature rupture of membranes),so as to provide clinical guidance for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by HSV-2 infection in pregnant women.Methods:2140 articles were collected from PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and other databases for the past 20 years.According to the inclusion criteria,the literatures about the relationship between HSV-2 infection of pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes were screened.The effect model was determined by heterogeneity test results,and the meta-analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:The results of meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of HSV-2 was higher in the adverse pregnancy group than in the control group(odds ratio[OR]:7.92,95%confidence interval[Cl]:3.91-16.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion:HSV-2 infection will increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Prevention and effective control of HSV-2 infection in early pregnancy can reduce the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome,which is of great significance to the promotion of eugenics.
文摘In order to investigate the antiviral effect of chinonin against Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the encephalitis model in mice and skin infection model in guinea pigs were established by HSV-Ⅰ and HSV-Ⅱ infection respectively. Acyclovir was used as the positive reference drug to evaluate the antiviral capacity of chinonin. Chinonin showed an obvious therapeutic effect on encephalitis in mice at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. At both dosages, chinonin demonstrated stronger protection than acyclovir (1 and 5 mg/kg) to the infected mice from death. It was also found that chinonin could treat the skin infection in guinea pigs effectively. The therapeutic effect of chinonin was similar to that of acyclovir (5 mg/kg) at 25 mg/kg but obviously better than that at 50 and 75 mg/kg. In conclusion, chinonin is a potential candidate for the treatment against HSV.
文摘Objective:To report the neurologic prognosis and autoimmune complications of 16 cases of childhood herpes simplex virus encephalitis.Methods:The study was conducted atŞanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital,Turkey from June 2017 to August 2019.The study included 16 pediatric patients aged between 6 months and 17 years(median age 77.7 months)who were diagnosed with herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis by pediatric infectious disease and pediatric neurology clinics.Patients were followed using patient records,and interviews at the pediatric neurology clinic or via the telephone.Clinical and demographic data,received therapies,neurologic prognosis and complications were evaluated.Results:Patients with and without autoimmune encephalitis were compared in terms of age,sex,symptom duration before treatment,initial cerebrospinal fluid protein,glucose,red blood count and white blood count but no significant difference was found.Autoimmune complications were seen in four patients.N-methyl-D-aspartate encephalitis was observed in three patients and choreoathetosis was seen in one patient.The average follow-up period was 48.3 months.Twenty-five percent of the patients were receiving multiple antiepileptic drug(AED)treatment,43.8%were receiving single AED treatment and 31.3%were not receiving AED treatment at the end of the follow-up.Motor disability was observed in 12.5%and drug-resistant epilepsy was observed in 6.3%who had autoimmune complications.Conclusions:Seizures and movement disorders were controlled with immunotherapy and autoantibodies should be studied routinely.Treatment should be started early upon recognition of autoimmune complications through follow-up by measuring autoantibody levels and clinical examination results.Effective prevention and curative treatment modalities are needed to avoid herpes simplex virus encephalitis complications.
文摘Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) in children is a challenging diagnosis based on clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 or 2, varicella zoster virus (VZV), enterovirus or tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) could be identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum from children being evaluated for LNB, in order to elucidate whether such infectious diseases may be missed by the clinician. Methods: Ninety-nine pediatric patients (n = 99) were retrospectively included from a previous study on LNB in southeast of Sweden. They had been diagnosed as “Possible LNB” or “Not determined” due to negative Borrelia antibody index in CSF. Routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were used for detection of herpes viral RNA or enteroviral DNA in CSF. An ELISA assay was used for detection of anti-TBEV antibodies (IgM and IgG) in serum. Results: One patient showed elevated anti-TBEV IgM and IgG antibodies in serum, indicating a current TBE infection. No positive PCR reactions for HSV 1 or 2, VZV or enterovirus were detected in CSF from any of the patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that undiagnosed herpes- or enteroviral infections are unlikely to explain CNS symptoms in children being evaluated for LNB, whereas missed TBE infections may occur. TBEV serology should be included when evaluating children for LNB in TBE endemic areas.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental period.There is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of ASD.We aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and viruses.We performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this review.Most of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Viral infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with autism.At the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of factors.There is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with autism.In addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including viruses.Every effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of autism.Immune modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.
文摘目的:探究单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)感染后脑脊液(CSF)中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平对自身免疫性脑炎(AE)的预测价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2021年3月河北中石油中心医院收治的200例HSV感染患者为研究对象,根据是否继发AE分为研究组(继发AE,35例)和对照组(未继发AE,165例)。多因素Logistic回归分析HSV感染患者继发AE的独立影响因素。Spearman法分析脑脊液中Cys-C、MMP-9与S100B水平的相关性。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9对AE的预测价值。构建风险预测模型并进行评价。结果:多因素Logistic回归分析显示,MRI异常、脑脊液S100B、MMP-9升高、EEG异常是HSV感染患者继发AE的独立危险因素,脑脊液Cys-C是其保护因素(P<0.05)。Spearman分析显示,HSV感染患者Cys-C浓度与S100B水平呈负相关(r=-0.83,P<0.05),MMP-9浓度与S100B水平呈正相关(r=0.88,P<0.05)。构建的联合预测因子pre1诊断HSV患者继发AE的AUC明显大于S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9单独预测的AUC(0.876 vs 0.827、0.787、0.750)。构建的风险预测模型具有良好的区分度和一致性。结论:脑脊液中S100B、Cys-C、MMP-9水平均可对HSV感染患者诱发AE的可能性进行有效预测,且三项指标联合预测价值最大,其次是S100B蛋白、Cys-C、MMP-9。
基金the General Project of National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant No.81901311).
文摘Background:Electroencephalogram(EEG)is an important tool for the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSE).However,the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus(NCSE)in HSE is challenging without the help of continuous video EEG(CVEEG),and whether EEG is a predictor of outcome remains controversial.Case presentation:A 63-year-old woman presented with a 5 day history of fever,coma and seizures.Results of EEG,magnetic resonance imaging and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)were suggestive of herpes simplex encephalitis-1(HSE-1).Preliminary EEG showed periodic discharges at the prefrontal and temporal lobes,which were particularly synchronized with intermittent lip smacking movements,and the discharges were terminated by diazepam.After 2-week treatment with acyclovir,high-dose hormone pulse therapy and high-dose immunoglobulin therapy,the CSF was improved,but the patient’s consciousness became worsen,consistent with the diffuse slow waves in the delta range and low voltage of EEG activity.In the following 1 month,the patient had non-responsiveness to pain and sound as shown by CVEEG with diffuse slow waves.Sometimes paroxysmal very slow waves(0.5–1 Hz)were synchronized with intermittent paroxysmal eye movements,pupil abnormality,and sweating in the frontal area.After 2 months of treatment,the EEG abnormalities improved to have alpha rhythm.Conclusion:The CVEEG not only helps identify NCSE but can also be used to monitor HSE progression.
文摘The disseminated herpes simplex virus 2(HSV-2)carries a high mortality rate in pregnant women if left unrec-ognized.It often presents as unrelieved fever and hepatitis.Diagnosis is challenging due to vague symptoms and potential overlap with other conditions.Pregnancy is a risk factor as it conforms to a partially immunocompro-mised state.Dissemination to the brain could be devastating,and the treatment requires intravenous antivirals like acyclovir.Fetal outcomes are variable based on previous case reports.We present a case of young female gravida 1 para 1 who presented with disseminated HSV infection mimicking HELLP(Hemolysis,Elevated Liver enzymes,and Low Platelets)syndrome.She responded well to intravenous acyclovir,and the fetus had a viable outcome at the 26th week of gestation.Early diagnosis can prevent progression to fulminant liver failure and the need for a liver transplant.
