Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by...Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT...Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT has been less common in the recent past due to a lack of portable medical devices capable of facilitating effective medical testing.However,recent growth has occurred in this field due to advances in diagnostic technologies,device miniaturization,and progress in wearable electronics.Among these developments,electrochemical sensors have attracted interest in the POCT field due to their high sensitivity,compact size,and affordability.They are used in various applications,from disease diagnosis to health status monitoring.In this paper we explore recent advancements in electrochemical sensors,the methods of fabricating them,and the various types of sensing mechanisms that can be used.Furthermore,we delve into methods for immobilizing specific biorecognition elements,including enzymes,antibodies,and aptamers,onto electrode surfaces and how these sensors are used in real-world POCT settings.展开更多
The overuse of antibiotics has led to the severe contamination of water bodies,posing a considerable hazard to human health.Therefore,the development of an accurate and rapid point-of-care testing(POCT)platform for th...The overuse of antibiotics has led to the severe contamination of water bodies,posing a considerable hazard to human health.Therefore,the development of an accurate and rapid point-of-care testing(POCT)platform for the quantitative detection of antibiotics is necessary.In this study,Cerium oxide(CeO_(2))and Ferrosoferric oxide(Fe_(3)O_(4))nanoparticles were simultaneously encapsulated into N-doped nanofibrous carbon microspheres to form of a novel nanozyme(CeFe-NCMzyme)with a porous structure,high surface area,and N-doped carbon material properties,leading to a considerable enhancement of the peroxidase(POD)-like activity compared with that of the CeO_(2)or Fe3O4 nanoparticles alone.The POD-like activity of CeFe-NCMzyme can be quenched using L-Cysteine(Cys)and subsequently restored by the addition of a quinolone antibiotic(norfloxacin,NOR).Therefore,CeFe-NCMzyme was used as a colorimetric sensor to detect NOR via an“On-Off”model of POD-like activity.The sensor possessed a wide linear range of 0.05–20.0μM(R^(2)=0.9910)with a detection limit of 35.70 nM.Furthermore,a smartphone-assisted POCT platform with CeFe-NCMzyme was fabricated for quantitative detection of NOR based on RGB analysis.With the use of the POCT platform,a linear range of 0.1–20.0μM and a detection limit of 54.10 nM were obtained.The spiked recoveries in the water samples were ranged from 97.73%to 102.01%,and the sensor exhibited good accuracy and acceptable reliability.This study provides a portable POCT platform for the on-site and quantitative monitoring of quinolone antibiotics in real samples,particularly in resource-constrained settings.展开更多
Background:Early diagnosis and classification of infections increase the cure rate while decreasing complications,which is significant for severe infections,especially for war surgery.However,traditional methods rely ...Background:Early diagnosis and classification of infections increase the cure rate while decreasing complications,which is significant for severe infections,especially for war surgery.However,traditional methods rely on laborious operations and bulky devices.On the other hand,point-of-care(POC)methods suffer from limited robustness and accuracy.Therefore,it is of urgent demand to develop POC devices for rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections to fulfill on-site militarized requirements.Methods:We developed a wave-shaped microfluidic chip(WMC)assisted multiplexed detection platform(WMC-MDP).WMC-MDP reduces detection time and improves repeatability through premixing of the samples and reaction of the reagents.We further combined the detection platform with the streptavidin–biotin(SA-B)amplified system to enhance the sensitivity while using chemiluminescence(CL)intensity as signal readout.We realized simultaneous detection of C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),and interleukin-6(IL-6)on the detection platform and evaluated the sensitivity,linear range,selectivity,and repeatability.Finally,we finished detecting 15 samples from volunteers and compared the results with commercial ELISA kits.Results:Detection of CRP,PCT,and IL-6 exhibited good linear relationships between CL intensities and concentrations in the range of 1.25–40μg/ml,0.4–12.8 ng/ml,and 50–1600 pg/ml,respectively.The limit of detection of CRP,PCT,and IL-6 were 0.54μg/ml,0.11 ng/ml,and 16.25 pg/ml,respectively.WMC-MDP is capable of good adequate selectivity and repeatability.The whole detection procedure takes only 22 min that meets the requirements of a POC device.Results of 15 samples from volunteers were consistent with the results detected by commercial ELISA kits.Conclusions:WMC-MDP allows simultaneous,rapid,and sensitive detection of CRP,PCT,and IL-6 with satisfactory selectivity and repeatability,requiring minimal manipulation.However,WMC-MDP takes advantage of being a microfluidic device showing the coefficients of variation less than 10%enabling WMC-MDP to be a type of point-of-care testing(POCT).Therefore,WMC-MDP provides a promising alternative to POCT of multiple biomarkers.We believe the practical application of WMC-MDP in militarized fields will revolutionize infection diagnosis for soldiers.展开更多
A point-of-care test system has been studied in this paper.It was used to determine substances in blood such as Hemoglobin (HB),Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST),Creatine Kinase (CK) and so on.Based on the principle ...A point-of-care test system has been studied in this paper.It was used to determine substances in blood such as Hemoglobin (HB),Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST),Creatine Kinase (CK) and so on.Based on the principle of amperometric determination,the research on detecting weak current signals was carried on.At the same time as to the weak signals (nA level),magnifying,sampling and processing the signals were also studied.Controlled by ADUC824 and assisted by other units, every substance could be determined automatically and rapidly integrated with the corresponding biosensor.In the experiment, the minimum detectable current of the instrument (YT2005-1) is 0.2 nA.With regard to the 1 nA which the experiment demanded,it could be up to the mustard.And the system can provide results in 180 s with a long term stability.展开更多
This work demonstrates a smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system(SAFAS)for point-of-care testing(POCT)of Hg(Ⅱ).This system consists of three modules.The smartphone module is used to provide an excitat...This work demonstrates a smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system(SAFAS)for point-of-care testing(POCT)of Hg(Ⅱ).This system consists of three modules.The smartphone module is used to provide an excitation light source,and to collect and analyze fluorescent images.The dark box module is applied to integrate the desired optical elements and offers a dark environment.The cost of the integrated dark box mainly includes the upper cover,box body,lower bottom,¯xture and some optical elements which is about$109.The chip module is used for fluorescence sensing,which is composed of an upper plate,bottom plate and cloth-based chip.Due to the integration of multiple smartphone functions,the SAFAS eliminates the need for additional power sources,light sources and analysis systems.The dark box and upper and bottom plates are made by 3D printer.The cloth-based chip(about$0.005 for each chip)is fabricated using the wax screenprinting technique,with no need for expensive and complex fabrication equipments.To our knowledge,the cloth-based microfluidic fluorescence detection method combined with smartphone functions is first reported.By using optimal conditions,the designed system can realize the quantitative detection of Hg(Ⅱ),which has a linear range of 0.001–100μgmL^(-1)and a detection limit of 0.5 ngmL^(-1).Additionally,the SAFAS has been successfully applied for detecting Hg(Ⅱ)in actual water samples,with recoveries of 100.1%–111%,RSDs of 3.88%–9.74%,and fast detection time of about 1 min.Obviously,the proposed SAFAS has the advantages of high sensitivity,wide dynamic range,acceptable reproducibility,good stability and low cost.Therefore,it is believed that the presented SAFAS has great potential to perform the POCT of Hg(II)in different water samples.展开更多
We have presented a three dimensional optical protein chip that fulfills the demanding for point-of-care diagnostics in terms of ease-of-use (one step assay), miniaturization (5 μl). The artful combination of magneti...We have presented a three dimensional optical protein chip that fulfills the demanding for point-of-care diagnostics in terms of ease-of-use (one step assay), miniaturization (5 μl). The artful combination of magnetic nanoparticles on chip and total internal reflection imaging (TIRI) technology permits the sensitive and rapid detection of hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). The whole test was complete within 10 min using “all in one step” assay with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL hs-CRP. The measuring range for hs-CRP could be extended to 10 ng/mL. The chip can also be used to detect more parameters in blood samples.展开更多
Introduction: Our aim was to determine what patient volume, if any, in-laboratory testing provides results faster than Point-of-Care-Testing (POCT). Methods: To evaluate POCT effectiveness during high volume situation...Introduction: Our aim was to determine what patient volume, if any, in-laboratory testing provides results faster than Point-of-Care-Testing (POCT). Methods: To evaluate POCT effectiveness during high volume situations, POCT was compared to in-laboratory testing during busy periods with large numbers of patients. Our setting was an urban level 1 trauma center with an academic emergency medicine department (ED) and annual patient volume of 70,000. Patients seen requiring laboratory testing during peak volume between 11 a.m. and 7 p.m. were enrolled over a five-week period. One tube of blood was sent to the laboratory and the other tube was run in the ED using POCT. Turnaround time was recorded as time from when the tube was received to when the result was available. We also completed a time-motion study to assess the number of POCT machines that would be needed to process the entire average hourly hospital laboratory volume. Results: We collected 539 hematology and chemistry specimens. The POCT group was significantly faster than in-laboratory testing, with mean POCT [complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry] 3.5 minutes compared to in-laboratory CBC test time of 30.9 minutes and chemistry test time of 55 minutes. As the volume of samples peaked, there was a slight but insignificant decrease in POCT turnaround time. If POCT was used to process the entire average hospital laboratory volume which approached 54 samples an hour, 3 POCT machines would be necessary to maintain turnaround times. Conclusion: Even during ED high volume situations, POCT provided results significantly faster than in-laboratory testing.展开更多
The accurate and timely detection of biochemical coagulation indicators is pivotal in pulmonary and critical care medicine.Despite their reliability,traditional laboratories often lag in terms of rapid diagnosis.Point...The accurate and timely detection of biochemical coagulation indicators is pivotal in pulmonary and critical care medicine.Despite their reliability,traditional laboratories often lag in terms of rapid diagnosis.Point-of-care testing(POCT)has emerged as a promising alternative,which is awaiting rigorous validation.We assessed 226 samples from patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University using a Beckman Coulter AU5821 and a PUSHKANG POCT Biochemistry Analyzer MS100.Furthermore,350 samples were evaluated with a Stago coagulation analyzer STAR MAX and a PUSHKANG POCT Coagulation Analyzer MC100.Metrics included thirteen biochemical indexes,such as albumin,and five coagulation indices,such as prothrombin time.Comparisons were drawn against the PUSHKANG POCT analyzer.Bland-Altman plots(MS100:0.8206-0.9995;MC100:0.8318-0.9911)evinced significant consistency between methodologies.Spearman correlation pinpointed a potent linear association between conventional devices and the PUSHKANG POCT analyzer,further underscored by a robust correlation coefficient(MS100:0.713-0.949;MC100:0.593-0.950).The PUSHKANG POCT was validated as a dependable tool for serum and whole blood biochemical and coagulation diagnostics.This emphasizes its prospective clinical efficacy,offering clinicians a swift diagnostic tool and heralding a new era of enhanced patient care outcomes.展开更多
The advent of point-of-care testing(POCT)has revolutionized the approach to patient management,especially for pediatric care.POCT provides rapid,on-the-spot biochemical and microbiological evaluations,bypassing delays...The advent of point-of-care testing(POCT)has revolutionized the approach to patient management,especially for pediatric care.POCT provides rapid,on-the-spot biochemical and microbiological evaluations,bypassing delays typically associated with central laboratory testing,enabling swift clinical decision-making.Additionally,POCT has proven to be a valuable prognostic tool for monitoring electrolyte,lactate,creatinine levels,often a marker of severe illness and poor outcomes.POCT enables its faster identification,allowing for prompt inter-ventions.This capability is essential in managing conditions like sepsis,where timely treatment can significantly impact survival rates.However,the implementation of POCT is not without its challenges.Variability in sample handling,particularly with heparinized syringes,can affect the accuracy of certain measurements,such as potassium levels.The absence of comprehensive follow-up data and cost-effectiveness analyses in some studies indicate the need for continued research to optimize the use of POCT.In conclusion,POCT is a trans-formative tool in critical care,offering prompt and reliable assessments that significantly enhance patient management.As technology advances,the inte-gration of POCT into emergency departments and intensive critical care units holds great promise for improving the quality of healthcare and patient survival rates.展开更多
The outbreak of COVID-19 has drawn great attention around the world.SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus with occult transmission by many mutations and a long incubation period.In particular,the emergence of asympt...The outbreak of COVID-19 has drawn great attention around the world.SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus with occult transmission by many mutations and a long incubation period.In particular,the emergence of asymptomatic infections has made the epidemic even more severe.Therefore,early diagnosis and timely management of suspected cases are essential measures to control the spread of the virus.Developing simple,portable,and accurate diagnostic techniques for SARS-CoV-2 is the key to epidemic prevention.The advantages of point-of-care testing technology make it play an increasingly important role in viral detection and screening.This review summarizes the point-of-care testing platforms developed by nucleic acid detection,immunological detection,and nanomaterial-based biosensors detection.Furthermore,this paper provides a prospect for designing future highly accurate,cheap,and convenient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic technology.展开更多
This study elaborates on the design,fabrication,and data analysis details of SPEED,a recently proposed smartphonebased digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)device.The dPCR chips incorporate partition diameters rangi...This study elaborates on the design,fabrication,and data analysis details of SPEED,a recently proposed smartphonebased digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)device.The dPCR chips incorporate partition diameters ranging from 50μm to 5μm,and these partitions are organized into six distinct blocks to facilitate image processing.Due to the superior thermal conductivity of Si and its potential for mass production,the dPCR chips were fabricated on a Si substrate.A temperature control system based on a high-power density Peltier element and a preheating/cooling PCR protocol user interface shortening the thermal cycle time.The optical design employs four 470 nm light-emitting diodes as light sources,with filters and mirrors effectively managing the light emitted during PCR.An algorithm is utilized for image processing and illumination nonuniformity correction including conversion to a monochromatic format,partition identification,skew correction,and the generation of an image correction mask.We validated the device using a range of deoxyribonucleic acid targets,demonstrating its potential applicability across multiple fields.Therefore,we provide guidance and verification of the design and testing of the recently proposed SPEED device.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT),as a portable and user-friendly technology,can obtain accurate test results immediately at the sampling point.Nowadays,microfluidic paper-based analysis devices(μPads)have attracted the ey...Point-of-care testing(POCT),as a portable and user-friendly technology,can obtain accurate test results immediately at the sampling point.Nowadays,microfluidic paper-based analysis devices(μPads)have attracted the eye of the public and accelerated the development of POCT.A variety of detection methods are combined withμPads to realize precise,rapid and sensitive POCT.This article mainly introduced the development of electrochemistry and optical detection methods onμPads for POCT and their applications on disease analysis,environmental monitoring and food control in the past 5 years.Finally,the challenges and future development prospects ofμPads for POCT were discussed.展开更多
Abstract Neurotransmitters are important biological molecules related to several nervous system diseases(NSDs).Point-of-care test-ing(POCT)of neurotransmitters is of great importance in preclinical research and early ...Abstract Neurotransmitters are important biological molecules related to several nervous system diseases(NSDs).Point-of-care test-ing(POCT)of neurotransmitters is of great importance in preclinical research and early diagnosis of NSDs.Among various POCT platforms,paper-based electrochemical biosensors have achieved great advances in detection of neurotransmitters,thus taking a significant role in POCT of neurotransmitters nowadays.This review gives an overview of the recent advances of paper-based electrochemical biosensors for POCT of neurotransmitters.We first introduce the types of neurotransmitters and biological sample sources mainly used for neurotransmitter detection.Second,we review the components and the traditional fabrication technologies for paper-based electrochemical POCT biosensors,and then the functional modification methods of biosensor surfaces and three-dimensional fabrication methods for further enhancement of their detection performance.Then,we list examples of paper-based electrochemical biosensors used for detecting different neurotransmitters in biologi-cal samples.Last,we give a conclusion and promising development direction of paper-based electrochemical biosensors for neurotransmitters detection.The purpose of this review is to introduce the paper-based electrochemical biosensors as an emerging technology for POCT of neurotransmitters,offering a reference for readers and researchers for early diagnosis of NSDs using POCT technologies.展开更多
Lysine is one of the essential amino acids and plays a vital role in the growth,development and health of pigs.Blood lysine concentration is a direct indication of lysine status;however,current methods can not satisfy...Lysine is one of the essential amino acids and plays a vital role in the growth,development and health of pigs.Blood lysine concentration is a direct indication of lysine status;however,current methods can not satisfy the demands for rapid and on-site lysine concentration measurement of swine serum.Here,we developed blue-emissive nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a fluorescence probe for the determination of lysine with high fluorescence quantum yield,stability,sensitivity and specificity.The carbon dots were entrapped within hydrogel microstructures to fabricate microfluidic chips for rapid assay for lysine quantification.We further developed an imaging attachment to integrate the microfluidic chip and a smartphone into a portable point-of-care testing platform.This platform requires only 3μL sample and has a linear detection range of 25 to 300μmol/L with a limit of detection less than 16μmol/L,which covers the normal range of lysine concentration in swine serum.We tested lysine concentration in swine serum using this platform with high accuracy,low sample consumption,and within 3 min.Together,these results may provide a rapid and portable platform for dynamic monitoring of swine lysine status and contribute to precise feed formula modulation with low-protein diet strategy.展开更多
Nowadays nucleic acid tests are promising to be considered as point-of-care testing（POCT）. However, no such devices are currently available that can perform all the functions, including absolute nucleic acid determi...Nowadays nucleic acid tests are promising to be considered as point-of-care testing（POCT）. However, no such devices are currently available that can perform all the functions, including absolute nucleic acid determination, worldwide on-site detection, rapid analysis and real-time results reporting via ubiquitous mobile networks simultaneously with full package and automated means of measurement. In this study, we presented a compact low-cost portable POC automated testing platform with all attributes mentioned above. A disposable self-priming compartmentalization（SPC） microfluidic chip is used to conduct isothermal amplification. The platform also includes a micro-computer controlled heating unit, an inexpensive optical imaging setup, and a mobile device with customized software. It may become a useful tool for the rapid on-site detection of infectious diseases as well as other pathogens.展开更多
BACKGROUND:We aimed to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessment of hand infections that present to the emergency department(ED)and its impact on medical decision making and patient mana...BACKGROUND:We aimed to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessment of hand infections that present to the emergency department(ED)and its impact on medical decision making and patient management.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academic EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between December 2015 and December 2021.Two trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS examinations of the hand.We then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for demographic characteristics,history,physical examination findings,ED course,additional imaging studies,consultations,impact of POCUS on patient care and final disposition.RESULTS:We included a total of 50 cases(28 male,22 female)in the final analysis.The most common presenting symptoms and exam findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythema(74%).The most common sonographic findings were edema(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in medical decision making 68%of the time(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in management 38%of the time(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the performance of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 times,abscess 12/16 times,and cellulitis 14/20 times.CONCLUSION:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an important part of medical decision making to expedite patient care.展开更多
Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)of the internal jugular vein(IJV)offers a noninvasive means of estimating right atrial pressure(RAP),especially in cases where the inferior vena cava is inaccessible or unreliable due to...Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)of the internal jugular vein(IJV)offers a noninvasive means of estimating right atrial pressure(RAP),especially in cases where the inferior vena cava is inaccessible or unreliable due to conditions such as liver disease or abdominal surgery.While many clinicians are familiar with visually assessing jugular venous pressure through the internal jugular vein,this method lacks sensitivity.The utilization of POCUS significantly enhances the visualization of the vein,leading to a more accurate identification.It has been demonstrated that combining IJV POCUS with physical examination enhances the specificity of RAP estimation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various sonographic techniques available for estimating RAP from the internal jugular vein,drawing upon existing data.展开更多
AIM: To assess the role of the 13C-methacetin breath test (MBT) in patients with acute liver disease. METHODS: Fifteen patients with severe acute liver disease from diverse etiologies were followed-up with 13C-MBT dur...AIM: To assess the role of the 13C-methacetin breath test (MBT) in patients with acute liver disease. METHODS: Fifteen patients with severe acute liver disease from diverse etiologies were followed-up with 13C-MBT during the acute phase of their illnesses (range 3-116 d after treatment). Patients fasted for 8 h and ingested 75 mg of methacetin prior to the MBT. We compared results from standard clinical assessment, serum liver enzymes, synthetic function, and breath test scores. RESULTS: Thirteen patients recovered and two patients died. In patients that recovered, MBT parameters improved in parallel with improvements in lab results. Evidence of consistent improvement began on day 3 for MBT parameters and between days 7 and 9 for blood tests. Later convergence to normality occurred at an average of 9 d for MBT parameters and from 13 to 28 d for blood tests. In both patients that died, MBT parameters remained low despite fluctuating laboratory values. CONCLUSION: The 13C-MBT provides a rapid, noninvasive assessment of liver function in acute severe liver disease of diverse etiologies. The results of this pilot clinical trial suggest that the MBT may offer greater sensitivity than standard clinical tests for managing patients with severe acute liver disease.展开更多
Sweat contains numerous vital biomarkers such as metabolites,electrolytes,proteins,nucleic acids and antigens that reflect hydration status,exhaustion,nutrition,and physiological changes.Conventional healthcare diagno...Sweat contains numerous vital biomarkers such as metabolites,electrolytes,proteins,nucleic acids and antigens that reflect hydration status,exhaustion,nutrition,and physiological changes.Conventional healthcare diagnosis relies on disease diagnostics in sophisticated centralized laboratories with invasive sample collection(e.g.,chemical analyses,plasma separation via centrifugation,tissue biopsy,etc.).Cutting-edge point-of-care diagnostics for sweat biomarker analysis allow for non-invasive monitoring of physiologically related biomarkers in sweat and real-time health status tracking.Moreover,using advanced nanoarchitectures,including nanostructured platforms and nanoparticles,can enhance the specificity,sensitivity,wearability and widen the sensing modality of sweat biosensors.Herein,we comprehensively review the secretory mechanisms,clinical uses of sweat biomarkers,and the design,principle,and latest technologies of sweat biosensors.With an emphasis on cutting-edge technologies for sweat biomarker analysis,this review chronicles the issues associated with the current sweat biomarkers analysis of sweat biomarkers and provides insights into strategies for enhancing the translation of such biosensors into routine clinical practice.展开更多
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT)refers to a category of diagnostic tests that are performed at or near to the site of the patients(also called bedside testing)and is capable of obtaining accurate results in a short time by using portable diagnostic devices,avoiding sending samples to the medical laboratories.It has been extensively explored for diagnosing and monitoring patients’diseases and health conditions with the assistance of development in biochemistry and microfluidics.Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices(μPADs)have gained dramatic popularity in POCT because of their simplicity,user-friendly,fast and accurate result reading and low cost.SeveralμPADs have been successfully commercialized and received excellent feedback during the past several decades.This review briefly discusses the main types ofμPADs,preparation methods and their detection principles,followed by a few representative examples.The future perspectives of the development inμPADs are also provided.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(No.2021R1A2B5B03001691).
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT has been less common in the recent past due to a lack of portable medical devices capable of facilitating effective medical testing.However,recent growth has occurred in this field due to advances in diagnostic technologies,device miniaturization,and progress in wearable electronics.Among these developments,electrochemical sensors have attracted interest in the POCT field due to their high sensitivity,compact size,and affordability.They are used in various applications,from disease diagnosis to health status monitoring.In this paper we explore recent advancements in electrochemical sensors,the methods of fabricating them,and the various types of sensing mechanisms that can be used.Furthermore,we delve into methods for immobilizing specific biorecognition elements,including enzymes,antibodies,and aptamers,onto electrode surfaces and how these sensors are used in real-world POCT settings.
基金This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant Nos.:20224ACB203016 and 20224BAB203022)Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.:GJJ2201322)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:32060577 and 32360619)Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province(Gtant No.:2023JJ10099).
文摘The overuse of antibiotics has led to the severe contamination of water bodies,posing a considerable hazard to human health.Therefore,the development of an accurate and rapid point-of-care testing(POCT)platform for the quantitative detection of antibiotics is necessary.In this study,Cerium oxide(CeO_(2))and Ferrosoferric oxide(Fe_(3)O_(4))nanoparticles were simultaneously encapsulated into N-doped nanofibrous carbon microspheres to form of a novel nanozyme(CeFe-NCMzyme)with a porous structure,high surface area,and N-doped carbon material properties,leading to a considerable enhancement of the peroxidase(POD)-like activity compared with that of the CeO_(2)or Fe3O4 nanoparticles alone.The POD-like activity of CeFe-NCMzyme can be quenched using L-Cysteine(Cys)and subsequently restored by the addition of a quinolone antibiotic(norfloxacin,NOR).Therefore,CeFe-NCMzyme was used as a colorimetric sensor to detect NOR via an“On-Off”model of POD-like activity.The sensor possessed a wide linear range of 0.05–20.0μM(R^(2)=0.9910)with a detection limit of 35.70 nM.Furthermore,a smartphone-assisted POCT platform with CeFe-NCMzyme was fabricated for quantitative detection of NOR based on RGB analysis.With the use of the POCT platform,a linear range of 0.1–20.0μM and a detection limit of 54.10 nM were obtained.The spiked recoveries in the water samples were ranged from 97.73%to 102.01%,and the sensor exhibited good accuracy and acceptable reliability.This study provides a portable POCT platform for the on-site and quantitative monitoring of quinolone antibiotics in real samples,particularly in resource-constrained settings.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81902167,52075138)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190872).
文摘Background:Early diagnosis and classification of infections increase the cure rate while decreasing complications,which is significant for severe infections,especially for war surgery.However,traditional methods rely on laborious operations and bulky devices.On the other hand,point-of-care(POC)methods suffer from limited robustness and accuracy.Therefore,it is of urgent demand to develop POC devices for rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections to fulfill on-site militarized requirements.Methods:We developed a wave-shaped microfluidic chip(WMC)assisted multiplexed detection platform(WMC-MDP).WMC-MDP reduces detection time and improves repeatability through premixing of the samples and reaction of the reagents.We further combined the detection platform with the streptavidin–biotin(SA-B)amplified system to enhance the sensitivity while using chemiluminescence(CL)intensity as signal readout.We realized simultaneous detection of C-reactive protein(CRP),procalcitonin(PCT),and interleukin-6(IL-6)on the detection platform and evaluated the sensitivity,linear range,selectivity,and repeatability.Finally,we finished detecting 15 samples from volunteers and compared the results with commercial ELISA kits.Results:Detection of CRP,PCT,and IL-6 exhibited good linear relationships between CL intensities and concentrations in the range of 1.25–40μg/ml,0.4–12.8 ng/ml,and 50–1600 pg/ml,respectively.The limit of detection of CRP,PCT,and IL-6 were 0.54μg/ml,0.11 ng/ml,and 16.25 pg/ml,respectively.WMC-MDP is capable of good adequate selectivity and repeatability.The whole detection procedure takes only 22 min that meets the requirements of a POC device.Results of 15 samples from volunteers were consistent with the results detected by commercial ELISA kits.Conclusions:WMC-MDP allows simultaneous,rapid,and sensitive detection of CRP,PCT,and IL-6 with satisfactory selectivity and repeatability,requiring minimal manipulation.However,WMC-MDP takes advantage of being a microfluidic device showing the coefficients of variation less than 10%enabling WMC-MDP to be a type of point-of-care testing(POCT).Therefore,WMC-MDP provides a promising alternative to POCT of multiple biomarkers.We believe the practical application of WMC-MDP in militarized fields will revolutionize infection diagnosis for soldiers.
文摘A point-of-care test system has been studied in this paper.It was used to determine substances in blood such as Hemoglobin (HB),Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST),Creatine Kinase (CK) and so on.Based on the principle of amperometric determination,the research on detecting weak current signals was carried on.At the same time as to the weak signals (nA level),magnifying,sampling and processing the signals were also studied.Controlled by ADUC824 and assisted by other units, every substance could be determined automatically and rapidly integrated with the corresponding biosensor.In the experiment, the minimum detectable current of the instrument (YT2005-1) is 0.2 nA.With regard to the 1 nA which the experiment demanded,it could be up to the mustard.And the system can provide results in 180 s with a long term stability.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011284)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(202002030265).
文摘This work demonstrates a smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system(SAFAS)for point-of-care testing(POCT)of Hg(Ⅱ).This system consists of three modules.The smartphone module is used to provide an excitation light source,and to collect and analyze fluorescent images.The dark box module is applied to integrate the desired optical elements and offers a dark environment.The cost of the integrated dark box mainly includes the upper cover,box body,lower bottom,¯xture and some optical elements which is about$109.The chip module is used for fluorescence sensing,which is composed of an upper plate,bottom plate and cloth-based chip.Due to the integration of multiple smartphone functions,the SAFAS eliminates the need for additional power sources,light sources and analysis systems.The dark box and upper and bottom plates are made by 3D printer.The cloth-based chip(about$0.005 for each chip)is fabricated using the wax screenprinting technique,with no need for expensive and complex fabrication equipments.To our knowledge,the cloth-based microfluidic fluorescence detection method combined with smartphone functions is first reported.By using optimal conditions,the designed system can realize the quantitative detection of Hg(Ⅱ),which has a linear range of 0.001–100μgmL^(-1)and a detection limit of 0.5 ngmL^(-1).Additionally,the SAFAS has been successfully applied for detecting Hg(Ⅱ)in actual water samples,with recoveries of 100.1%–111%,RSDs of 3.88%–9.74%,and fast detection time of about 1 min.Obviously,the proposed SAFAS has the advantages of high sensitivity,wide dynamic range,acceptable reproducibility,good stability and low cost.Therefore,it is believed that the presented SAFAS has great potential to perform the POCT of Hg(II)in different water samples.
文摘We have presented a three dimensional optical protein chip that fulfills the demanding for point-of-care diagnostics in terms of ease-of-use (one step assay), miniaturization (5 μl). The artful combination of magnetic nanoparticles on chip and total internal reflection imaging (TIRI) technology permits the sensitive and rapid detection of hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). The whole test was complete within 10 min using “all in one step” assay with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL hs-CRP. The measuring range for hs-CRP could be extended to 10 ng/mL. The chip can also be used to detect more parameters in blood samples.
文摘Introduction: Our aim was to determine what patient volume, if any, in-laboratory testing provides results faster than Point-of-Care-Testing (POCT). Methods: To evaluate POCT effectiveness during high volume situations, POCT was compared to in-laboratory testing during busy periods with large numbers of patients. Our setting was an urban level 1 trauma center with an academic emergency medicine department (ED) and annual patient volume of 70,000. Patients seen requiring laboratory testing during peak volume between 11 a.m. and 7 p.m. were enrolled over a five-week period. One tube of blood was sent to the laboratory and the other tube was run in the ED using POCT. Turnaround time was recorded as time from when the tube was received to when the result was available. We also completed a time-motion study to assess the number of POCT machines that would be needed to process the entire average hourly hospital laboratory volume. Results: We collected 539 hematology and chemistry specimens. The POCT group was significantly faster than in-laboratory testing, with mean POCT [complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry] 3.5 minutes compared to in-laboratory CBC test time of 30.9 minutes and chemistry test time of 55 minutes. As the volume of samples peaked, there was a slight but insignificant decrease in POCT turnaround time. If POCT was used to process the entire average hospital laboratory volume which approached 54 samples an hour, 3 POCT machines would be necessary to maintain turnaround times. Conclusion: Even during ED high volume situations, POCT provided results significantly faster than in-laboratory testing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302607)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022A1515110555 and 2023A1515010932)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease(No.SKLRD-Z-202410)the Precision Medicine Joint Foundation of Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021B1515230008)the Independent Project of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Respiratory Infectious Diseases(No.GHMJLRID-Z-202102)the Guangdong Zhong Nanshan Medical Foundation(No.ZNSXS-20220015).
文摘The accurate and timely detection of biochemical coagulation indicators is pivotal in pulmonary and critical care medicine.Despite their reliability,traditional laboratories often lag in terms of rapid diagnosis.Point-of-care testing(POCT)has emerged as a promising alternative,which is awaiting rigorous validation.We assessed 226 samples from patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University using a Beckman Coulter AU5821 and a PUSHKANG POCT Biochemistry Analyzer MS100.Furthermore,350 samples were evaluated with a Stago coagulation analyzer STAR MAX and a PUSHKANG POCT Coagulation Analyzer MC100.Metrics included thirteen biochemical indexes,such as albumin,and five coagulation indices,such as prothrombin time.Comparisons were drawn against the PUSHKANG POCT analyzer.Bland-Altman plots(MS100:0.8206-0.9995;MC100:0.8318-0.9911)evinced significant consistency between methodologies.Spearman correlation pinpointed a potent linear association between conventional devices and the PUSHKANG POCT analyzer,further underscored by a robust correlation coefficient(MS100:0.713-0.949;MC100:0.593-0.950).The PUSHKANG POCT was validated as a dependable tool for serum and whole blood biochemical and coagulation diagnostics.This emphasizes its prospective clinical efficacy,offering clinicians a swift diagnostic tool and heralding a new era of enhanced patient care outcomes.
文摘The advent of point-of-care testing(POCT)has revolutionized the approach to patient management,especially for pediatric care.POCT provides rapid,on-the-spot biochemical and microbiological evaluations,bypassing delays typically associated with central laboratory testing,enabling swift clinical decision-making.Additionally,POCT has proven to be a valuable prognostic tool for monitoring electrolyte,lactate,creatinine levels,often a marker of severe illness and poor outcomes.POCT enables its faster identification,allowing for prompt inter-ventions.This capability is essential in managing conditions like sepsis,where timely treatment can significantly impact survival rates.However,the implementation of POCT is not without its challenges.Variability in sample handling,particularly with heparinized syringes,can affect the accuracy of certain measurements,such as potassium levels.The absence of comprehensive follow-up data and cost-effectiveness analyses in some studies indicate the need for continued research to optimize the use of POCT.In conclusion,POCT is a trans-formative tool in critical care,offering prompt and reliable assessments that significantly enhance patient management.As technology advances,the inte-gration of POCT into emergency departments and intensive critical care units holds great promise for improving the quality of healthcare and patient survival rates.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2301100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB30000000)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61890940)the Chongqing Bayu Scholar Program(No.DP2020036)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leaders(No.23XD1420200)Hehai University。
文摘The outbreak of COVID-19 has drawn great attention around the world.SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious virus with occult transmission by many mutations and a long incubation period.In particular,the emergence of asymptomatic infections has made the epidemic even more severe.Therefore,early diagnosis and timely management of suspected cases are essential measures to control the spread of the virus.Developing simple,portable,and accurate diagnostic techniques for SARS-CoV-2 is the key to epidemic prevention.The advantages of point-of-care testing technology make it play an increasingly important role in viral detection and screening.This review summarizes the point-of-care testing platforms developed by nucleic acid detection,immunological detection,and nanomaterial-based biosensors detection.Furthermore,this paper provides a prospect for designing future highly accurate,cheap,and convenient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic technology.
基金support from grant no.52150710541 provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.Chinagrant no.2018YFE0109000 provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the P.R.China+6 种基金H.Z.was supported by grant no.62301412 from the Natural Science Foundation of Chinagrant no.2023-JCQN-0130 from the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,P.R.Chinagrant no.2023M732815 from the P.R.China Postdoctoral Science Foundationgrant no.2023BSHEDZZ18 from the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi provinceM.K.was supported by grant no.LTACH19005 from the Ministry of Education,YouthSports of the Czech Republic and grant no.RVO-VFN 64165 from the Ministry of Health of the Czech RepublicMinistry of Health,Czech Republic-conceptual development of research organization 00064165,General University Hospital in Prague.
文摘This study elaborates on the design,fabrication,and data analysis details of SPEED,a recently proposed smartphonebased digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)device.The dPCR chips incorporate partition diameters ranging from 50μm to 5μm,and these partitions are organized into six distinct blocks to facilitate image processing.Due to the superior thermal conductivity of Si and its potential for mass production,the dPCR chips were fabricated on a Si substrate.A temperature control system based on a high-power density Peltier element and a preheating/cooling PCR protocol user interface shortening the thermal cycle time.The optical design employs four 470 nm light-emitting diodes as light sources,with filters and mirrors effectively managing the light emitted during PCR.An algorithm is utilized for image processing and illumination nonuniformity correction including conversion to a monochromatic format,partition identification,skew correction,and the generation of an image correction mask.We validated the device using a range of deoxyribonucleic acid targets,demonstrating its potential applicability across multiple fields.Therefore,we provide guidance and verification of the design and testing of the recently proposed SPEED device.
基金Shaanxi Province Science Foundation(2021JM-193)for funding this workthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK201902009,GK201701002)Program for Innovative Research Team in Shaanxi Province(2014KCT-28)for supporting this work
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT),as a portable and user-friendly technology,can obtain accurate test results immediately at the sampling point.Nowadays,microfluidic paper-based analysis devices(μPads)have attracted the eye of the public and accelerated the development of POCT.A variety of detection methods are combined withμPads to realize precise,rapid and sensitive POCT.This article mainly introduced the development of electrochemistry and optical detection methods onμPads for POCT and their applications on disease analysis,environmental monitoring and food control in the past 5 years.Finally,the challenges and future development prospects ofμPads for POCT were discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21775117)the General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M592773)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province and the High Level Returned Overseas Students Foundation([2018]642).
文摘Abstract Neurotransmitters are important biological molecules related to several nervous system diseases(NSDs).Point-of-care test-ing(POCT)of neurotransmitters is of great importance in preclinical research and early diagnosis of NSDs.Among various POCT platforms,paper-based electrochemical biosensors have achieved great advances in detection of neurotransmitters,thus taking a significant role in POCT of neurotransmitters nowadays.This review gives an overview of the recent advances of paper-based electrochemical biosensors for POCT of neurotransmitters.We first introduce the types of neurotransmitters and biological sample sources mainly used for neurotransmitter detection.Second,we review the components and the traditional fabrication technologies for paper-based electrochemical POCT biosensors,and then the functional modification methods of biosensor surfaces and three-dimensional fabrication methods for further enhancement of their detection performance.Then,we list examples of paper-based electrochemical biosensors used for detecting different neurotransmitters in biologi-cal samples.Last,we give a conclusion and promising development direction of paper-based electrochemical biosensors for neurotransmitters detection.The purpose of this review is to introduce the paper-based electrochemical biosensors as an emerging technology for POCT of neurotransmitters,offering a reference for readers and researchers for early diagnosis of NSDs using POCT technologies.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172782)to C.Z.Dingthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(22104041)to Z.Y.He.
文摘Lysine is one of the essential amino acids and plays a vital role in the growth,development and health of pigs.Blood lysine concentration is a direct indication of lysine status;however,current methods can not satisfy the demands for rapid and on-site lysine concentration measurement of swine serum.Here,we developed blue-emissive nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a fluorescence probe for the determination of lysine with high fluorescence quantum yield,stability,sensitivity and specificity.The carbon dots were entrapped within hydrogel microstructures to fabricate microfluidic chips for rapid assay for lysine quantification.We further developed an imaging attachment to integrate the microfluidic chip and a smartphone into a portable point-of-care testing platform.This platform requires only 3μL sample and has a linear detection range of 25 to 300μmol/L with a limit of detection less than 16μmol/L,which covers the normal range of lysine concentration in swine serum.We tested lysine concentration in swine serum using this platform with high accuracy,low sample consumption,and within 3 min.Together,these results may provide a rapid and portable platform for dynamic monitoring of swine lysine status and contribute to precise feed formula modulation with low-protein diet strategy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.31270907）, the National Key Foundation for Exploring Scientific Instrument of China（No.2013YQ470781） and the Scientific Research Project of Shanghai City Science and Technology Committee, China（No. 14495810400）.
文摘Nowadays nucleic acid tests are promising to be considered as point-of-care testing（POCT）. However, no such devices are currently available that can perform all the functions, including absolute nucleic acid determination, worldwide on-site detection, rapid analysis and real-time results reporting via ubiquitous mobile networks simultaneously with full package and automated means of measurement. In this study, we presented a compact low-cost portable POC automated testing platform with all attributes mentioned above. A disposable self-priming compartmentalization（SPC） microfluidic chip is used to conduct isothermal amplification. The platform also includes a micro-computer controlled heating unit, an inexpensive optical imaging setup, and a mobile device with customized software. It may become a useful tool for the rapid on-site detection of infectious diseases as well as other pathogens.
文摘BACKGROUND:We aimed to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessment of hand infections that present to the emergency department(ED)and its impact on medical decision making and patient management.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academic EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between December 2015 and December 2021.Two trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS examinations of the hand.We then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for demographic characteristics,history,physical examination findings,ED course,additional imaging studies,consultations,impact of POCUS on patient care and final disposition.RESULTS:We included a total of 50 cases(28 male,22 female)in the final analysis.The most common presenting symptoms and exam findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythema(74%).The most common sonographic findings were edema(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in medical decision making 68%of the time(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in management 38%of the time(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the performance of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 times,abscess 12/16 times,and cellulitis 14/20 times.CONCLUSION:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an important part of medical decision making to expedite patient care.
文摘Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)of the internal jugular vein(IJV)offers a noninvasive means of estimating right atrial pressure(RAP),especially in cases where the inferior vena cava is inaccessible or unreliable due to conditions such as liver disease or abdominal surgery.While many clinicians are familiar with visually assessing jugular venous pressure through the internal jugular vein,this method lacks sensitivity.The utilization of POCUS significantly enhances the visualization of the vein,leading to a more accurate identification.It has been demonstrated that combining IJV POCUS with physical examination enhances the specificity of RAP estimation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various sonographic techniques available for estimating RAP from the internal jugular vein,drawing upon existing data.
文摘AIM: To assess the role of the 13C-methacetin breath test (MBT) in patients with acute liver disease. METHODS: Fifteen patients with severe acute liver disease from diverse etiologies were followed-up with 13C-MBT during the acute phase of their illnesses (range 3-116 d after treatment). Patients fasted for 8 h and ingested 75 mg of methacetin prior to the MBT. We compared results from standard clinical assessment, serum liver enzymes, synthetic function, and breath test scores. RESULTS: Thirteen patients recovered and two patients died. In patients that recovered, MBT parameters improved in parallel with improvements in lab results. Evidence of consistent improvement began on day 3 for MBT parameters and between days 7 and 9 for blood tests. Later convergence to normality occurred at an average of 9 d for MBT parameters and from 13 to 28 d for blood tests. In both patients that died, MBT parameters remained low despite fluctuating laboratory values. CONCLUSION: The 13C-MBT provides a rapid, noninvasive assessment of liver function in acute severe liver disease of diverse etiologies. The results of this pilot clinical trial suggest that the MBT may offer greater sensitivity than standard clinical tests for managing patients with severe acute liver disease.
基金supported by the JSPS fellowship to M.K.M(Grant Number P20039)support from JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project(JPMJER2003)+1 种基金the funding from the Queensland government through the Advance Queensland Fellowship Program(AQIRF043-2020-CV)supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC,1195451).
文摘Sweat contains numerous vital biomarkers such as metabolites,electrolytes,proteins,nucleic acids and antigens that reflect hydration status,exhaustion,nutrition,and physiological changes.Conventional healthcare diagnosis relies on disease diagnostics in sophisticated centralized laboratories with invasive sample collection(e.g.,chemical analyses,plasma separation via centrifugation,tissue biopsy,etc.).Cutting-edge point-of-care diagnostics for sweat biomarker analysis allow for non-invasive monitoring of physiologically related biomarkers in sweat and real-time health status tracking.Moreover,using advanced nanoarchitectures,including nanostructured platforms and nanoparticles,can enhance the specificity,sensitivity,wearability and widen the sensing modality of sweat biosensors.Herein,we comprehensively review the secretory mechanisms,clinical uses of sweat biomarkers,and the design,principle,and latest technologies of sweat biosensors.With an emphasis on cutting-edge technologies for sweat biomarker analysis,this review chronicles the issues associated with the current sweat biomarkers analysis of sweat biomarkers and provides insights into strategies for enhancing the translation of such biosensors into routine clinical practice.
