Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a w...Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).展开更多
Sinter is the core raw material for blast furnaces.Flue pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter quality.In this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley a...Sinter is the core raw material for blast furnaces.Flue pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter quality.In this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley additive explanation(SHAP)to predict the flue pressure and take targeted adjustment measures.First,the sintering process data were collected and processed.A flue pressure prediction model was then constructed after comparing different feature selection methods and model algorithms using SHAP+extremely random-ized trees(ET).The prediction accuracy of the model within the error range of±0.25 kPa was 92.63%.SHAP analysis was employed to improve the interpretability of the prediction model.The effects of various sintering operation parameters on flue pressure,the relation-ship between the numerical range of key operation parameters and flue pressure,the effect of operation parameter combinations on flue pressure,and the prediction process of the flue pressure prediction model on a single sample were analyzed.A flue pressure optimization module was also constructed and analyzed when the prediction satisfied the judgment conditions.The operating parameter combination was then pushed.The flue pressure was increased by 5.87%during the verification process,achieving a good optimization effect.展开更多
Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the p...Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.展开更多
Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network act...Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.展开更多
This critical review looks at the assessment of the application of artificial intelligence in handling legal documents with specific reference to medical negligence cases with a view of identifying its transformative ...This critical review looks at the assessment of the application of artificial intelligence in handling legal documents with specific reference to medical negligence cases with a view of identifying its transformative potentialities, issues and ethical concerns. The review consolidates findings that show the impact of AI in improving the efficiency, accuracy and justice delivery in the legal profession. The studies show increased efficiency in speed of document review and enhancement of the accuracy of the reviewed documents, with time efficiency estimates of 60% reduction of time. However, the review also outlines some of the problems that continue to characterize AI, such as data quality problems, biased algorithms and the problem of the opaque decision-making system. This paper assesses ethical issues related to patient autonomy, justice and non-malignant suffering, with particular focus on patient privacy and fair process, and on potential unfairness to patients. This paper’s review of AI innovations finds that regulations lag behind AI developments, leading to unsettled issues regarding legal responsibility for AI and user control over AI-generated results and findings in legal proceedings. Some of the future avenues that are presented in the study are the future of XAI for legal purposes, utilizing federated learning for resolving privacy issues, and the need to foster adaptive regulation. Finally, the review advocates for Legal Subject Matter Experts to collaborate with legal informatics experts, ethicists, and policy makers to develop the best solutions to implement AI in medical negligence claims. It reasons that there is great potential for AI to have a deep impact on the practice of law but when done, it must do so in a way that respects justice and on the Rights of Individuals.展开更多
Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel...Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel traffic modelling framework for aggregate traffic on urban roads. The main idea is that road traffic flow is random, even for the recurrent flow, such as rush hour traffic, which is predisposed to congestion. Therefore, the structure of the aggregate traffic flow model for urban roads should correlate well with the essential variables of the observed random dynamics of the traffic flow phenomena. The novelty of this paper is the developed framework, based on the Poisson process, the kinematics of urban road traffic flow, and the intermediate modelling approach, which were combined to formulate the model. Empirical data from an urban road in Ghana was used to explore the model’s fidelity. The results show that the distribution from the model correlates well with that of the empirical traffic, providing a strong validation of the new framework and instilling confidence in its potential for significantly improved forecasts and, hence, a more hopeful outlook for real-world traffic management.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) theory in patients with type D personality psoriasis. Methods: A total of 66 patients with type D personality psoriasis admitted to the dermato...Objective: To explore the effect of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) theory in patients with type D personality psoriasis. Methods: A total of 66 patients with type D personality psoriasis admitted to the dermatology department of a top-three hospital in Jingzhou City from November 2022 to July 2023 were selected and divided into control group and test group with 33 cases in each group by random number table method. The control group received routine health education, and the experimental group received health education based on the HAPA theory. Chronic disease self-efficacy scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale and skin disease quality of life scale were used to evaluate the effect of intervention. Results: After 3 months of intervention, the scores of self-efficacy in experimental group were higher than those in control group (P P Conclusion: Health education based on the theory of HAPA can enhance the self-efficacy of patients with type D personality psoriasis, relieve negative emotions and improve their quality of life.展开更多
In this short paper, we first establish the existence of periodic solutions to parabolic equation in the whole space by using the probability method. Then, the periodicity of some function of stochastic process is als...In this short paper, we first establish the existence of periodic solutions to parabolic equation in the whole space by using the probability method. Then, the periodicity of some function of stochastic process is also studied.展开更多
The Hualien M 7.3 earthquake on April 3,2024,was a significant and strong earthquake in Taiwan,China in the past two decades.The rupture process of the main shock and strong aftershocks is of great significance to the...The Hualien M 7.3 earthquake on April 3,2024,was a significant and strong earthquake in Taiwan,China in the past two decades.The rupture process of the main shock and strong aftershocks is of great significance to the subsequent seismic activity and seismogenic tectonic research.Based on local strong-motion data,we used the IDS(Iterative Deconvolution and Stacking)method to obtain the rupture process of the mainshock and two strong aftershocks on the 23rd.The rupture of the mainshock was mainly unilateral,lasting 31 s,with a maximum slip of 2m,and the depth of the large slip zone is about 41–49 km.There is a clear difference between the rupture depth of the main shock and the two strong aftershocks.The depths of the large slip zones of the latter two are 3–9 km and 8–10 km,respectively.There is also a significant difference in the seismogenic fault between the mainshock and the aftershocks,and we believe that there are two seismogenic fault zones in the study area,the deep and the shallow fault zone.The slip of the deep faults activates the shallow faults.展开更多
On December 18, 2023, an M_(s) 6.2 earthquake jolted Jishishan County in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Northwest China's Gansu Province, causing substantial casualties and building collapses. The earthqu...On December 18, 2023, an M_(s) 6.2 earthquake jolted Jishishan County in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Northwest China's Gansu Province, causing substantial casualties and building collapses. The earthquake occurred in the Qilian Block on the northeastern border of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where faults are highly active and the geological structure is complex. In this study, we utilized methods such as relocation, focal mechanism solutions, and earthquake rupture processes to describe seismogenic faults. The results indicated that the majority of aftershocks occurred at a depth of 12 km. The centroid depth of the main shock and the depth of the maximum rupture point during the rupture process were also 12 km. Various geophysical methods exhibited a high degree of consistency in depth exploration. Aftershocks were distributed mainly to the west and north of the main shock and extended in the NNW direction, primarily through unilateral rupture. The main shock was a reverse thrust event with a small dextral strike-slip component. In this study, more regional data, such as previous GPS observations, field geological observations, and the distributions of the primary stress states in the region, were also incorporated. We inferred that the main shock was triggered by the main fault at the northern margin of the Lajishan Fault and that the movement of the main fault also activated some secondary faults. The compressive forces on both sides of the Lajishan Fault Zone led to the uplift of mountain areas, accompanied by some landslides, leading to this catastrophic earthquake event. In this article, the activity relationships among the 2022 M_(s) 6.9 Menyuan earthquake, the 2019 M_(s) 5.7 Xiahe earthquake,and the Jishishan earthquake under the action of regional stress are also discussed. This study provides additional evidence and new ideas for exploring the seismogenic process of the Lajishan Fault Zone and has implications for future in-depth research on underground activity in this region.展开更多
Landslide dams,as frequent natural hazards,pose significant risks to human lives,property,and ecological environments.The grading characteristics and density of dam materials play a crucial role in determining the sta...Landslide dams,as frequent natural hazards,pose significant risks to human lives,property,and ecological environments.The grading characteristics and density of dam materials play a crucial role in determining the stability of landslide dams and the potential for dam breaches.To explore the failure mechanisms and evolutionary processes of landslide dams with varying soil properties,this study conducted a series of flume experiments,considering different grain compositions and material densities.The results demonstrated that grading characteristics significantly influence landslide dam stability,affecting failure patterns,breach processes,and final breach morphologies.Fine-graded materials exhibited a sequence of surface erosion,head-cut erosion,and subsequent surface erosion during the breach process,while well-graded materials typically experienced head-cut erosion followed by surface erosion.In coarse-graded dams,the high permeability of coarse particles allowed the dam to remain stable,as inflows matched outflows.The dam breach model experiments also showed that increasing material density effectively delayed the breach and reduced peak breach flow discharge.Furthermore,higher fine particle content led to a reduction in the residual dam height and the base slope of the final breach profile,although the relationship between peak breach discharge and the content of fine and coarse particles was nonlinear.To better understand breach morphology evolution under different soil characteristics and hydraulic conditions,three key points were identified—erosion point,control point,and scouring point.This study,by examining the evolution of failure patterns,breach processes,and breach flow discharges under various grading and density conditions,offers valuable insights into the mechanisms behind landslide dam failures.展开更多
Polygonati rhizoma is often used in Chinese medicine and as food.In this study,atmospheric pressure matrixassisted laser desorption ionization and quadruple-time-of-flight(MALDI-Q-TOF)mass spectrometry techniques were...Polygonati rhizoma is often used in Chinese medicine and as food.In this study,atmospheric pressure matrixassisted laser desorption ionization and quadruple-time-of-flight(MALDI-Q-TOF)mass spectrometry techniques were applied to P.rhizoma samples from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua species.Positive ions were mainly detected in the mass range of m/z 200-600,while negative ions were mainly observed in the mass range of m/z 100-450.A total of 263 components were identified and the spatial distribution and changes in saccharides contents during the steaming process of P.rhizoma were investigated.Monosaccharide and disaccharide exhibit a relatively uniform distribution,while the oligosaccharides were mainly found in the bast of fresh P.rhizoma.Although the contents of monosaccharide and disaccharide were increased during steaming,that of trisaccharide,tetrasaccharide,and pentasaccharide were decreased.We used the 5 saccharide types with the greatest variation in content as variables for the principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis.Both PCA and cluster analysis showed that these 5 saccharides can be used as markers in the steaming process of the P.rhizoma.Present study of mass spectrometry imaging provides novel insights into the spatiotemporal accumulation patterns of saccharides in P.rhizoma,improving our understanding of the steaming process.展开更多
In the context of global change,ensuring national food security and achieving sustainable development of agricultural production systems have become major challenges worldwide.To address these issues,regional-scale cr...In the context of global change,ensuring national food security and achieving sustainable development of agricultural production systems have become major challenges worldwide.To address these issues,regional-scale crop growth and associated process(CROP-AP)models,with their robust simulation and predictive capabilities,have emerged as important tools for studying a wide range of issues relating to agricultural production at river basin,national,and even global scales.Here,we provide a systematic review of the advances of regional-scale CROP-AP models.First,regional-scale CROP-AP models are categorized based on model characteristics:statistical models,crop growth models,hydrology-crop coupling models,and ecosystem models.The origin,development,principle,structure,and application of each model type are introduced.Then,the main functions of regional-scale CROP-AP models are critically reviewed from five aspects:crop yield prediction,crop water consumption,agricultural non-point source pollution,greenhouse gas emissions,and climate change impact and responses.Finally,the future development trends and research priorities of regional-scale CROP-AP models are explored from six key perspectives:model validation and calibration,the ability to simulate the coupling of crop physiology and human activities,enhancing model scalability,multi-model ensembles,data and code sharing,and the integration of artificial intelligence.This review aims to provide comprehensive references and insights for the further development and application of large-scale,high-precision CROP-AP models.展开更多
Wheat-maize(WM)and wheat-soybean(WS)double-cropping rotation systems are predominant in the North China Plain,with implications for national agricultural output and sustainability.As rotation systems exert legacy effe...Wheat-maize(WM)and wheat-soybean(WS)double-cropping rotation systems are predominant in the North China Plain,with implications for national agricultural output and sustainability.As rotation systems exert legacy effects on soil health and crop productivity,the role of crop rotation in shaping the root-associated microbiome of the succeeding crops has emerged as a pivotal aspect of crop management research.Here,the effects of the preceding two cycles of WM and WS rotations on the recruitment and filtering of wheat root-associated bacterial communities across wheat developmental stages were investigated.Our results revealed that bacterial community diversity and composition were primarily influenced by compartment and developmental stage,while the preceding rotation systems had a slight but significant effect on wheat root-associated bacterial communities.The co-occurrence networks under WM were more complex in the wheat rhizosphere and rhizoplane,with the operational taxonomic units(OTUs)related to cellulolysis showing greater connectivity.The co-occurrence networks under WS were simple but stable in the rhizosphere and complex in the rhizoplane and endosphere,with the OTUs related to ureolysis and nitrogen fixation showing greater connectivity.While both stochastic and deterministic processes contributed to the assembly of wheat root-associated bacterial communities,the contributions of deterministic processes under WS were 19.4-38.5%higher than those under the WM rotation across the root-associated compartments,indicating the substantial impact of a soybean legacy effect on wheat root selection of microbes.Plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria with the potential to fix nitrogen,produce indole-3-acetic acid,and inhibit diseases such as Betaproteobacteriales,Azospirillales and Dyella sp.,were identified within the OTUs that were consistently enriched across all the wheat root-associated compartments and developmental stages,which were also important predictors of wheat yield.This study elucidates the role of crop rotation in modulating the dynamics of crop root-associated bacterial communities,and underscores the potential of targeted microbiome manipulation for optimizing wheat production and enhancing soil health.展开更多
Purpose–The precast concrete slab track(PST)has advantages of fewer maintenance frequencies,better smooth rides and structural stability,which has been widely applied in urban rail transit.Precise positioning of prec...Purpose–The precast concrete slab track(PST)has advantages of fewer maintenance frequencies,better smooth rides and structural stability,which has been widely applied in urban rail transit.Precise positioning of precast concrete slab(PCS)is vital for keeping the initial track regularity.However,the cast-in-place process of the self-compacting concrete(SCC)filling layer generally causes a large deformation of PCS due to the water-hammer effect of flowing SCC,even cracking of PCS.Currently,the buoyancy characteristic and influencing factors of PCS during the SCC casting process have not been thoroughly studied in urban rail transit.Design/methodology/approach–In this work,a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)model is established to calculate the buoyancy of PCS caused by the flowing SCC.The main influencing factors,including the inlet speed and flowability of SCC,have been analyzed and discussed.A new structural optimization scheme has been proposed for PST to reduce the buoyancy caused by the flowing SCC.Findings–The simulation and field test results showed that the buoyancy and deformation of PCS decreased obviously after adopting the new scheme.Originality/value–The findings of this study can provide guidance for the control of the deformation of PCS during the SCC construction process.展开更多
This study aims to enhance the digital drilling process monitoring(DPM)or monitoring while drilling(MWD)technique,which is a widely recognized method in geological exploration for evaluating rock mass quality.First,ro...This study aims to enhance the digital drilling process monitoring(DPM)or monitoring while drilling(MWD)technique,which is a widely recognized method in geological exploration for evaluating rock mass quality.First,robust displacement and torque measurement facilities for rotary-core drilling are discussed.The conventional cable encoder for displacement measurement is replaced with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor,which is more reliable in harsh field drilling environments.This enables the measurement of the bit position with an accuracy of<1 mm.Most importantly,this new instrument is proven to be successful in improving the detection of structural discontinuities with thicknesses>1 mm.In addition,by measuring the electric current of the driving motor,the torque applied to the bit is conveniently and accurately converted.These innovations ensure high-quality data collection for DPM practices.Second,two indices derived from DPM are proposed to quantitatively describe rock mass quality.The specific energy index(SEI)and specific penetration index(SPI)are based on the principles of energy conservation and Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion,respectively.Extensive field tests conducted in a dam grouting area confirm a linear relationship between the thrust force and penetration per rotation,and between the torque and penetration per rotation.The correlation ratios of the related regressions are typically>0.9.These two indices allow for the quantitative interpretation of DPM data into rock mechanics characteristics,such as uniaxial compressive strength,rock quality designation(RQD),and rock mass permeability,eliminating the need for subjective judgment normally involved in the currently used rock mass quality rating approaches.展开更多
The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizin...The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizing the physical indexes,chemical compositions and rheological parameters.The experimental results show that the SBS pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin improve the dispersion performance of SBS in asphalt as well as the strength of SBS polymer network structures,and the synergistic effects decrease the volatilization degree of asphalt lightweight components and the degradation rate of SBS during the aging process.The anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt(SBSMA)was significantly enhanced by SBS pre-swelling/extraction process compounded with the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin,and the anti-aging effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of C9 petroleum resin content.展开更多
The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and ...The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and apparatuses have been proposed over the past few decades.The objective of the present study is to summarize the status and development in theories,test apparatuses,data processing of the existing testing methods for UCS measurement.It starts with elaborating the theories of these test methods.Then the test apparatus and development trends for UCS measurement are summarized,followed by a discussion on rock specimens for test apparatus,and data processing methods.Next,the method selection for UCS measurement is recommended.It reveals that the rock failure mechanism in the UCS testing methods can be divided into compression-shear,compression-tension,composite failure mode,and no obvious failure mode.The trends of these apparatuses are towards automation,digitization,precision,and multi-modal test.Two size correction methods are commonly used.One is to develop empirical correlation between the measured indices and the specimen size.The other is to use a standard specimen to calculate the size correction factor.Three to five input parameters are commonly utilized in soft computation models to predict the UCS of rocks.The selection of the test methods for the UCS measurement can be carried out according to the testing scenario and the specimen size.The engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the UCS testing methods and its potential developments in various rock engineering endeavors.展开更多
In the Pidgeon process involving a vertical pot,bonded slag pellets occasionally emerge at the bottom of the reduction pot,impeding smooth slag discharge.To reveal the formation mechanism of the bonded slag pellets,th...In the Pidgeon process involving a vertical pot,bonded slag pellets occasionally emerge at the bottom of the reduction pot,impeding smooth slag discharge.To reveal the formation mechanism of the bonded slag pellets,thermodynamic calculations,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)were employed.The bonded slag pellets mainly comprise MgO,CaSi_(2),CaO,and Ca2SiO_(4).CaSi_(2) in the bonded slag pellets is attributed to the reduction reaction between Si and CaO,yielding liquid CaSi_(2).Simultaneously,the reaction between CaSi_(2) and MgO,which will typically produce Mg vapor,is inhibited,resulting in the accumulation of CaSi_(2).Owing to the solid-liquid transition of CaSi_(2),this process culminates in the bonding of slag pellets.This study can guide the Pidgeon process optimization,enabling mitigation of the“dead pot”issue,thereby enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.展开更多
This study focused on the production of polypropylene(PP)/silver(Ag)composites via additive manufacturing.This study aimed to enhance the quality of medical-grade PP in material extrusion(MEX)three-dimensional printin...This study focused on the production of polypropylene(PP)/silver(Ag)composites via additive manufacturing.This study aimed to enhance the quality of medical-grade PP in material extrusion(MEX)three-dimensional printing(3DP)by improving its mechanical properties while simultaneously adding antibacterial properties.The latter can find extremely important and versatile properties that are applicable in defense and security domains.PP/Ag nanocomposites were prepared using a novel method based on a reaction occurring while mixing appropriate quantities of the starting polymers and additives,namely polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as the matrix material and silver nitrate(AgNO_(3))as the filler.This process produced three-dimensional(3D)printed filaments,which were then used to create specimens for a series of standardized tests.It was found that the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were enhanced in relation to pristine PP,especially for the PP matrix with various loadings of AgNO_(3)and PVP,such as 5.0 wt%and 2.5 wt%,respectively.The voids,inclusions,and actual-to-nominal dimensions also showed improved results.The 3DP specimens exhibited a more effective biocidal performance against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli,which developed an inhibition zone only in the case of PP with filler loading percentages of AgNO_(3)and PVP at 10.0 wt%and 5.0 wt%,respectively Compounds possessing such properties can be beneficial for various applications requiring increased mechanical properties and biocidal capabilities,such as in the Defence or medical industries.展开更多
基金funded by CONAHCYT grant(252808)to GFCONAHCYT’s“Estancias Posdoctorales por México”program(662350)to HTB。
文摘Recent reports suggest that aging is not solely a physiological process in living beings;instead, it should be considered a pathological process or disease(Amorim et al., 2022). Consequently, this process involves a wide range of factors, spanning from genetic to environmental factors, and even includes the gut microbiome(GM)(Mayer et al., 2022). All these processes coincide at some point in the inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, at different degrees in various organs and systems that constitute a living organism(Mayer et al., 2022;AguilarHernández et al., 2023).
基金supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274326)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(No.BWLCF202109)the Seventh Batch of Ten Thousand Talents Plan of China(No.ZX20220553).
文摘Sinter is the core raw material for blast furnaces.Flue pressure,which is an important state parameter,affects sinter quality.In this paper,flue pressure prediction and optimization were studied based on the shapley additive explanation(SHAP)to predict the flue pressure and take targeted adjustment measures.First,the sintering process data were collected and processed.A flue pressure prediction model was then constructed after comparing different feature selection methods and model algorithms using SHAP+extremely random-ized trees(ET).The prediction accuracy of the model within the error range of±0.25 kPa was 92.63%.SHAP analysis was employed to improve the interpretability of the prediction model.The effects of various sintering operation parameters on flue pressure,the relation-ship between the numerical range of key operation parameters and flue pressure,the effect of operation parameter combinations on flue pressure,and the prediction process of the flue pressure prediction model on a single sample were analyzed.A flue pressure optimization module was also constructed and analyzed when the prediction satisfied the judgment conditions.The operating parameter combination was then pushed.The flue pressure was increased by 5.87%during the verification process,achieving a good optimization effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51767017)the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(18JR3RA133)the Industrial Support and Guidance Project of Universities in Gansu Province(2022CYZC-22).
文摘Photovoltaic (PV) modules, as essential components of solar power generation systems, significantly influence unitpower generation costs.The service life of these modules directly affects these costs. Over time, the performanceof PV modules gradually declines due to internal degradation and external environmental factors.This cumulativedegradation impacts the overall reliability of photovoltaic power generation. This study addresses the complexdegradation process of PV modules by developing a two-stage Wiener process model. This approach accountsfor the distinct phases of degradation resulting from module aging and environmental influences. A powerdegradation model based on the two-stage Wiener process is constructed to describe individual differences inmodule degradation processes. To estimate the model parameters, a combination of the Expectation-Maximization(EM) algorithm and the Bayesian method is employed. Furthermore, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) isutilized to identify critical change points in PV module degradation trajectories. To validate the universality andeffectiveness of the proposed method, a comparative analysis is conducted against other established life predictiontechniques for PV modules.
基金Technology Development Program of Jilin Province(YDZJ202201ZYTS640)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4200400)funded by MOST+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172048 and 52103221)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021QB024 and ZR2021ZD06)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012323,2023A1515010943,and 2024A1515010023)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory open Project(QNESL OP 202309)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University.
文摘Recently published in Joule,Feng Liu and colleagues from Shanghai Jiaotong University reported a record-breaking 20.8%power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells(OSCs)with an interpenetrating fibril network active layer morphology,featuring a bulk p-in structure and proper vertical segregation achieved through additive-assisted layer-by-layer deposition.This optimized hierarchical gradient fibrillar morphology and optical management synergistically facilitates exciton diffusion,reduces recombination losses,and enhances light capture capability.This approach not only offers a solution to achieving high-efficiency devices but also demonstrates the potential for commercial applications of OSCs.
文摘This critical review looks at the assessment of the application of artificial intelligence in handling legal documents with specific reference to medical negligence cases with a view of identifying its transformative potentialities, issues and ethical concerns. The review consolidates findings that show the impact of AI in improving the efficiency, accuracy and justice delivery in the legal profession. The studies show increased efficiency in speed of document review and enhancement of the accuracy of the reviewed documents, with time efficiency estimates of 60% reduction of time. However, the review also outlines some of the problems that continue to characterize AI, such as data quality problems, biased algorithms and the problem of the opaque decision-making system. This paper assesses ethical issues related to patient autonomy, justice and non-malignant suffering, with particular focus on patient privacy and fair process, and on potential unfairness to patients. This paper’s review of AI innovations finds that regulations lag behind AI developments, leading to unsettled issues regarding legal responsibility for AI and user control over AI-generated results and findings in legal proceedings. Some of the future avenues that are presented in the study are the future of XAI for legal purposes, utilizing federated learning for resolving privacy issues, and the need to foster adaptive regulation. Finally, the review advocates for Legal Subject Matter Experts to collaborate with legal informatics experts, ethicists, and policy makers to develop the best solutions to implement AI in medical negligence claims. It reasons that there is great potential for AI to have a deep impact on the practice of law but when done, it must do so in a way that respects justice and on the Rights of Individuals.
文摘Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel traffic modelling framework for aggregate traffic on urban roads. The main idea is that road traffic flow is random, even for the recurrent flow, such as rush hour traffic, which is predisposed to congestion. Therefore, the structure of the aggregate traffic flow model for urban roads should correlate well with the essential variables of the observed random dynamics of the traffic flow phenomena. The novelty of this paper is the developed framework, based on the Poisson process, the kinematics of urban road traffic flow, and the intermediate modelling approach, which were combined to formulate the model. Empirical data from an urban road in Ghana was used to explore the model’s fidelity. The results show that the distribution from the model correlates well with that of the empirical traffic, providing a strong validation of the new framework and instilling confidence in its potential for significantly improved forecasts and, hence, a more hopeful outlook for real-world traffic management.
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) theory in patients with type D personality psoriasis. Methods: A total of 66 patients with type D personality psoriasis admitted to the dermatology department of a top-three hospital in Jingzhou City from November 2022 to July 2023 were selected and divided into control group and test group with 33 cases in each group by random number table method. The control group received routine health education, and the experimental group received health education based on the HAPA theory. Chronic disease self-efficacy scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale and skin disease quality of life scale were used to evaluate the effect of intervention. Results: After 3 months of intervention, the scores of self-efficacy in experimental group were higher than those in control group (P P Conclusion: Health education based on the theory of HAPA can enhance the self-efficacy of patients with type D personality psoriasis, relieve negative emotions and improve their quality of life.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12171247)。
文摘In this short paper, we first establish the existence of periodic solutions to parabolic equation in the whole space by using the probability method. Then, the periodicity of some function of stochastic process is also studied.
基金sponsored by the Earthquake Spark Technology Project(XH23051B)。
文摘The Hualien M 7.3 earthquake on April 3,2024,was a significant and strong earthquake in Taiwan,China in the past two decades.The rupture process of the main shock and strong aftershocks is of great significance to the subsequent seismic activity and seismogenic tectonic research.Based on local strong-motion data,we used the IDS(Iterative Deconvolution and Stacking)method to obtain the rupture process of the mainshock and two strong aftershocks on the 23rd.The rupture of the mainshock was mainly unilateral,lasting 31 s,with a maximum slip of 2m,and the depth of the large slip zone is about 41–49 km.There is a clear difference between the rupture depth of the main shock and the two strong aftershocks.The depths of the large slip zones of the latter two are 3–9 km and 8–10 km,respectively.There is also a significant difference in the seismogenic fault between the mainshock and the aftershocks,and we believe that there are two seismogenic fault zones in the study area,the deep and the shallow fault zone.The slip of the deep faults activates the shallow faults.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42304072)。
文摘On December 18, 2023, an M_(s) 6.2 earthquake jolted Jishishan County in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Northwest China's Gansu Province, causing substantial casualties and building collapses. The earthquake occurred in the Qilian Block on the northeastern border of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where faults are highly active and the geological structure is complex. In this study, we utilized methods such as relocation, focal mechanism solutions, and earthquake rupture processes to describe seismogenic faults. The results indicated that the majority of aftershocks occurred at a depth of 12 km. The centroid depth of the main shock and the depth of the maximum rupture point during the rupture process were also 12 km. Various geophysical methods exhibited a high degree of consistency in depth exploration. Aftershocks were distributed mainly to the west and north of the main shock and extended in the NNW direction, primarily through unilateral rupture. The main shock was a reverse thrust event with a small dextral strike-slip component. In this study, more regional data, such as previous GPS observations, field geological observations, and the distributions of the primary stress states in the region, were also incorporated. We inferred that the main shock was triggered by the main fault at the northern margin of the Lajishan Fault and that the movement of the main fault also activated some secondary faults. The compressive forces on both sides of the Lajishan Fault Zone led to the uplift of mountain areas, accompanied by some landslides, leading to this catastrophic earthquake event. In this article, the activity relationships among the 2022 M_(s) 6.9 Menyuan earthquake, the 2019 M_(s) 5.7 Xiahe earthquake,and the Jishishan earthquake under the action of regional stress are also discussed. This study provides additional evidence and new ideas for exploring the seismogenic process of the Lajishan Fault Zone and has implications for future in-depth research on underground activity in this region.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20602,U2040221,and 42207228)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022NSFSC1060)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Research Institutes(Grant No.Y324006)。
文摘Landslide dams,as frequent natural hazards,pose significant risks to human lives,property,and ecological environments.The grading characteristics and density of dam materials play a crucial role in determining the stability of landslide dams and the potential for dam breaches.To explore the failure mechanisms and evolutionary processes of landslide dams with varying soil properties,this study conducted a series of flume experiments,considering different grain compositions and material densities.The results demonstrated that grading characteristics significantly influence landslide dam stability,affecting failure patterns,breach processes,and final breach morphologies.Fine-graded materials exhibited a sequence of surface erosion,head-cut erosion,and subsequent surface erosion during the breach process,while well-graded materials typically experienced head-cut erosion followed by surface erosion.In coarse-graded dams,the high permeability of coarse particles allowed the dam to remain stable,as inflows matched outflows.The dam breach model experiments also showed that increasing material density effectively delayed the breach and reduced peak breach flow discharge.Furthermore,higher fine particle content led to a reduction in the residual dam height and the base slope of the final breach profile,although the relationship between peak breach discharge and the content of fine and coarse particles was nonlinear.To better understand breach morphology evolution under different soil characteristics and hydraulic conditions,three key points were identified—erosion point,control point,and scouring point.This study,by examining the evolution of failure patterns,breach processes,and breach flow discharges under various grading and density conditions,offers valuable insights into the mechanisms behind landslide dam failures.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1224,2022ZYC010)the Changsha Science and Technology Program(kh2004018)the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha(kq2206064)。
文摘Polygonati rhizoma is often used in Chinese medicine and as food.In this study,atmospheric pressure matrixassisted laser desorption ionization and quadruple-time-of-flight(MALDI-Q-TOF)mass spectrometry techniques were applied to P.rhizoma samples from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua species.Positive ions were mainly detected in the mass range of m/z 200-600,while negative ions were mainly observed in the mass range of m/z 100-450.A total of 263 components were identified and the spatial distribution and changes in saccharides contents during the steaming process of P.rhizoma were investigated.Monosaccharide and disaccharide exhibit a relatively uniform distribution,while the oligosaccharides were mainly found in the bast of fresh P.rhizoma.Although the contents of monosaccharide and disaccharide were increased during steaming,that of trisaccharide,tetrasaccharide,and pentasaccharide were decreased.We used the 5 saccharide types with the greatest variation in content as variables for the principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis.Both PCA and cluster analysis showed that these 5 saccharides can be used as markers in the steaming process of the P.rhizoma.Present study of mass spectrometry imaging provides novel insights into the spatiotemporal accumulation patterns of saccharides in P.rhizoma,improving our understanding of the steaming process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52239002,52109071,32361143871,52411540183&52209072)the Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(Grant No.PC2023A02002)。
文摘In the context of global change,ensuring national food security and achieving sustainable development of agricultural production systems have become major challenges worldwide.To address these issues,regional-scale crop growth and associated process(CROP-AP)models,with their robust simulation and predictive capabilities,have emerged as important tools for studying a wide range of issues relating to agricultural production at river basin,national,and even global scales.Here,we provide a systematic review of the advances of regional-scale CROP-AP models.First,regional-scale CROP-AP models are categorized based on model characteristics:statistical models,crop growth models,hydrology-crop coupling models,and ecosystem models.The origin,development,principle,structure,and application of each model type are introduced.Then,the main functions of regional-scale CROP-AP models are critically reviewed from five aspects:crop yield prediction,crop water consumption,agricultural non-point source pollution,greenhouse gas emissions,and climate change impact and responses.Finally,the future development trends and research priorities of regional-scale CROP-AP models are explored from six key perspectives:model validation and calibration,the ability to simulate the coupling of crop physiology and human activities,enhancing model scalability,multi-model ensembles,data and code sharing,and the integration of artificial intelligence.This review aims to provide comprehensive references and insights for the further development and application of large-scale,high-precision CROP-AP models.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107339)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)。
文摘Wheat-maize(WM)and wheat-soybean(WS)double-cropping rotation systems are predominant in the North China Plain,with implications for national agricultural output and sustainability.As rotation systems exert legacy effects on soil health and crop productivity,the role of crop rotation in shaping the root-associated microbiome of the succeeding crops has emerged as a pivotal aspect of crop management research.Here,the effects of the preceding two cycles of WM and WS rotations on the recruitment and filtering of wheat root-associated bacterial communities across wheat developmental stages were investigated.Our results revealed that bacterial community diversity and composition were primarily influenced by compartment and developmental stage,while the preceding rotation systems had a slight but significant effect on wheat root-associated bacterial communities.The co-occurrence networks under WM were more complex in the wheat rhizosphere and rhizoplane,with the operational taxonomic units(OTUs)related to cellulolysis showing greater connectivity.The co-occurrence networks under WS were simple but stable in the rhizosphere and complex in the rhizoplane and endosphere,with the OTUs related to ureolysis and nitrogen fixation showing greater connectivity.While both stochastic and deterministic processes contributed to the assembly of wheat root-associated bacterial communities,the contributions of deterministic processes under WS were 19.4-38.5%higher than those under the WM rotation across the root-associated compartments,indicating the substantial impact of a soybean legacy effect on wheat root selection of microbes.Plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria with the potential to fix nitrogen,produce indole-3-acetic acid,and inhibit diseases such as Betaproteobacteriales,Azospirillales and Dyella sp.,were identified within the OTUs that were consistently enriched across all the wheat root-associated compartments and developmental stages,which were also important predictors of wheat yield.This study elucidates the role of crop rotation in modulating the dynamics of crop root-associated bacterial communities,and underscores the potential of targeted microbiome manipulation for optimizing wheat production and enhancing soil health.
文摘Purpose–The precast concrete slab track(PST)has advantages of fewer maintenance frequencies,better smooth rides and structural stability,which has been widely applied in urban rail transit.Precise positioning of precast concrete slab(PCS)is vital for keeping the initial track regularity.However,the cast-in-place process of the self-compacting concrete(SCC)filling layer generally causes a large deformation of PCS due to the water-hammer effect of flowing SCC,even cracking of PCS.Currently,the buoyancy characteristic and influencing factors of PCS during the SCC casting process have not been thoroughly studied in urban rail transit.Design/methodology/approach–In this work,a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)model is established to calculate the buoyancy of PCS caused by the flowing SCC.The main influencing factors,including the inlet speed and flowability of SCC,have been analyzed and discussed.A new structural optimization scheme has been proposed for PST to reduce the buoyancy caused by the flowing SCC.Findings–The simulation and field test results showed that the buoyancy and deformation of PCS decreased obviously after adopting the new scheme.Originality/value–The findings of this study can provide guidance for the control of the deformation of PCS during the SCC construction process.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52079150)Science and Technology Major Project of the Xizang Autonomous Region of China(XZ202201ZD0003G)Water Conservancy Technology Demonstration Project(SF-202404).
文摘This study aims to enhance the digital drilling process monitoring(DPM)or monitoring while drilling(MWD)technique,which is a widely recognized method in geological exploration for evaluating rock mass quality.First,robust displacement and torque measurement facilities for rotary-core drilling are discussed.The conventional cable encoder for displacement measurement is replaced with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor,which is more reliable in harsh field drilling environments.This enables the measurement of the bit position with an accuracy of<1 mm.Most importantly,this new instrument is proven to be successful in improving the detection of structural discontinuities with thicknesses>1 mm.In addition,by measuring the electric current of the driving motor,the torque applied to the bit is conveniently and accurately converted.These innovations ensure high-quality data collection for DPM practices.Second,two indices derived from DPM are proposed to quantitatively describe rock mass quality.The specific energy index(SEI)and specific penetration index(SPI)are based on the principles of energy conservation and Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion,respectively.Extensive field tests conducted in a dam grouting area confirm a linear relationship between the thrust force and penetration per rotation,and between the torque and penetration per rotation.The correlation ratios of the related regressions are typically>0.9.These two indices allow for the quantitative interpretation of DPM data into rock mechanics characteristics,such as uniaxial compressive strength,rock quality designation(RQD),and rock mass permeability,eliminating the need for subjective judgment normally involved in the currently used rock mass quality rating approaches.
基金Fnded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3807202)the Key Research and Development Plan in Hubei Province of China(Nos.2022BCA082 and 2024BAB108)the Annual Research Project of China Railway Construction Corporation(No.2023-B03)。
文摘The effects of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin on the anti-aging performance of modified asphalt were systematically evaluated by characterizing the physical indexes,chemical compositions and rheological parameters.The experimental results show that the SBS pre-swelling/extraction process and the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin improve the dispersion performance of SBS in asphalt as well as the strength of SBS polymer network structures,and the synergistic effects decrease the volatilization degree of asphalt lightweight components and the degradation rate of SBS during the aging process.The anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt(SBSMA)was significantly enhanced by SBS pre-swelling/extraction process compounded with the incorporation of C9 petroleum resin,and the anti-aging effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of C9 petroleum resin content.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52308403 and 52079068)the Yunlong Lake Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering(No.104023005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M731998)for funding provided to this work.
文摘The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and apparatuses have been proposed over the past few decades.The objective of the present study is to summarize the status and development in theories,test apparatuses,data processing of the existing testing methods for UCS measurement.It starts with elaborating the theories of these test methods.Then the test apparatus and development trends for UCS measurement are summarized,followed by a discussion on rock specimens for test apparatus,and data processing methods.Next,the method selection for UCS measurement is recommended.It reveals that the rock failure mechanism in the UCS testing methods can be divided into compression-shear,compression-tension,composite failure mode,and no obvious failure mode.The trends of these apparatuses are towards automation,digitization,precision,and multi-modal test.Two size correction methods are commonly used.One is to develop empirical correlation between the measured indices and the specimen size.The other is to use a standard specimen to calculate the size correction factor.Three to five input parameters are commonly utilized in soft computation models to predict the UCS of rocks.The selection of the test methods for the UCS measurement can be carried out according to the testing scenario and the specimen size.The engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the UCS testing methods and its potential developments in various rock engineering endeavors.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020M682337)。
文摘In the Pidgeon process involving a vertical pot,bonded slag pellets occasionally emerge at the bottom of the reduction pot,impeding smooth slag discharge.To reveal the formation mechanism of the bonded slag pellets,thermodynamic calculations,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF),electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)were employed.The bonded slag pellets mainly comprise MgO,CaSi_(2),CaO,and Ca2SiO_(4).CaSi_(2) in the bonded slag pellets is attributed to the reduction reaction between Si and CaO,yielding liquid CaSi_(2).Simultaneously,the reaction between CaSi_(2) and MgO,which will typically produce Mg vapor,is inhibited,resulting in the accumulation of CaSi_(2).Owing to the solid-liquid transition of CaSi_(2),this process culminates in the bonding of slag pellets.This study can guide the Pidgeon process optimization,enabling mitigation of the“dead pot”issue,thereby enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.
文摘This study focused on the production of polypropylene(PP)/silver(Ag)composites via additive manufacturing.This study aimed to enhance the quality of medical-grade PP in material extrusion(MEX)three-dimensional printing(3DP)by improving its mechanical properties while simultaneously adding antibacterial properties.The latter can find extremely important and versatile properties that are applicable in defense and security domains.PP/Ag nanocomposites were prepared using a novel method based on a reaction occurring while mixing appropriate quantities of the starting polymers and additives,namely polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as the matrix material and silver nitrate(AgNO_(3))as the filler.This process produced three-dimensional(3D)printed filaments,which were then used to create specimens for a series of standardized tests.It was found that the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were enhanced in relation to pristine PP,especially for the PP matrix with various loadings of AgNO_(3)and PVP,such as 5.0 wt%and 2.5 wt%,respectively.The voids,inclusions,and actual-to-nominal dimensions also showed improved results.The 3DP specimens exhibited a more effective biocidal performance against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli,which developed an inhibition zone only in the case of PP with filler loading percentages of AgNO_(3)and PVP at 10.0 wt%and 5.0 wt%,respectively Compounds possessing such properties can be beneficial for various applications requiring increased mechanical properties and biocidal capabilities,such as in the Defence or medical industries.
