Energy supply is one of the most critical challenges of wireless sensor networks(WSNs)and industrial wireless sensor networks(IWSNs).While research on coverage optimization problem(COP)centers on the network’s monito...Energy supply is one of the most critical challenges of wireless sensor networks(WSNs)and industrial wireless sensor networks(IWSNs).While research on coverage optimization problem(COP)centers on the network’s monitoring coverage,this research focuses on the power banks’energy supply coverage.The study of 2-D and 3-D spaces is typical in IWSN,with the realistic environment being more complex with obstacles(i.e.,machines).A 3-D surface is the field of interest(FOI)in this work with the established hybrid power bank deployment model for the energy supply COP optimization of IWSN.The hybrid power bank deployment model is highly adaptive and flexible for new or existing plants already using the IWSN system.The model improves the power supply to a more considerable extent with the least number of power bank deployments.The main innovation in this work is the utilization of a more practical surface model with obstacles and training while improving the convergence speed and quality of the heuristic algorithm.An overall probabilistic coverage rate analysis of every point on the FOI is provided,not limiting the scope to target points or areas.Bresenham’s algorithm is extended from 2-D to 3-D surface to enhance the probabilistic covering model for coverage measurement.A dynamic search strategy(DSS)is proposed to modify the artificial bee colony(ABC)and balance the exploration and exploitation ability for better convergence toward eliminating NP-hard deployment problems.Further,the cellular automata(CA)is utilized to enhance the convergence speed.The case study based on two typical FOI in the IWSN shows that the CA scheme effectively speeds up the optimization process.Comparative experiments are conducted on four benchmark functions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the ABC and gbest-guided ABC(GABC)algorithms.The results show that the proposed energy coverage optimization method based on the hybrid power bank deployment model generates more accurate results than the results obtained by similar algorithms(i.e.,ABC,GABC).The proposed model is,therefore,effective and efficient for optimization in the IWSN.展开更多
This paper summarized the management models of village banks in China. We compared and analyzed different management models of four village banks in different regions on four aspects： regional agriculture feature, lo...This paper summarized the management models of village banks in China. We compared and analyzed different management models of four village banks in different regions on four aspects： regional agriculture feature, loan for farmers, loan for enterprises and the construction of network, then came to the conclusion that, if the village banks＇ health development can realize, they must pay attention to innovating in loan patterns as well as material loan and starting out the network development.展开更多
The main aim of this paper is to compare the stability, in terms of systemic risk, of conventional and Islamic banking systems. To this aim, we propose correlation network models for stock market returns based on grap...The main aim of this paper is to compare the stability, in terms of systemic risk, of conventional and Islamic banking systems. To this aim, we propose correlation network models for stock market returns based on graphical Gaussian distributions, which allows us to capture the contagion effects that move along countries. We also consider Bayesian graphical models, to account for model uncertainty in the measurement of financial systems interconnectedness. Our proposed model is applied to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region banking sector, characterized by the presence of both conventional and Islamic banks, for the period from 2007 to the beginning of 2014. Our empirical findings show that there are differences in the systemic risk and stability of the two banking systems during crisis times. In addition, the differences are subject to country specific effects that are amplified during crisis period.展开更多
In this paper we deal with the problem of plants with large parameter variations under different operating modes. A novel intelligent control algorithm based on multiple models is proposed to improve the dynamical res...In this paper we deal with the problem of plants with large parameter variations under different operating modes. A novel intelligent control algorithm based on multiple models is proposed to improve the dynamical response performance. At the same time adaptive model bank is applied to establish models without prior system information. Multiple models and corresponding controllers are automatically established on-line by a conventionally adaptive model and a re-initialized one. A best controller is chosen by the performance function at every instant. The closed-loop system＇s stability and asymptotical convergence of tracking error can be guaranteed. Simulation results have confirmed the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
Ensuring that water flows smoothly into spillways is the main challenge in spillway design. In order to help avoid the formation of vortices and separation of flow along the guide wall in front of the gates during ove...Ensuring that water flows smoothly into spillways is the main challenge in spillway design. In order to help avoid the formation of vortices and separation of flow along the guide wall in front of the gates during overflow through the spillway, an experiment with a physical model of the Yutang Dam. bank spillway was carried out, The profile of the guide wall was redesigned to eliminate the formation of vortices and separation of flow. This involves opening up holes in the middle part of the guide wall. The test results show that the design is effective in improving the flow conditions of the inlet, and in ensuring the desired values of water head along the guide wall and discharge capacities of the spillway,展开更多
Credit risk is one of the main risks the commercial banks faces all over the world,especially in the risk structure of the banks of China.In order to control credit risk more scientifically,we shall connect the qualit...Credit risk is one of the main risks the commercial banks faces all over the world,especially in the risk structure of the banks of China.In order to control credit risk more scientifically,we shall connect the qualitative analysis and the quantitative analysis.Put forward by J.P.Morgan Credit Metrics model is the application of the VaR in the field of credit risk,showing great advantage in quantitative bonds and credit risk of loan.This paper studies the Credit Metrics model and analyzes the hypothesis and framework of this model,attempting to explore the application of the model in China in order to promote the realization of the risk quantification of the commercial banks of China.展开更多
To describe the current aging population in China and globally,especially as it applies to age-related macular degeneration(AMD).To review the current standards of care for treating both wet(exudative)eAMD and dry(atr...To describe the current aging population in China and globally,especially as it applies to age-related macular degeneration(AMD).To review the current standards of care for treating both wet(exudative)eAMD and dry(atrophic)aAMD.And to introduce a model for experimentation that is based on the Age-Related Eye Disease Study(AREDS)using eye bank tissue.A literature search that outlines current aging populations,standards of clinical treatment as defined by large,multicenter,randomized clinical trials that present level-I data with a low risk for bias.An experimental model system of AMD is presented that enables scientific analysis of AMD pathogenesis by applying grading criteria from the AREDS to human eye bank eyes.Analysis includes proteomic,cellular,and functional genomics.The standard of care for the treatment of eAMD is currently defined by the use of several anti-vascular endothelial growth(anti-VEGF)agents alone or in combination with photodynamic therapy.Monotherapy treatment intervals may be monthly,as needed,or by using a treat-and-extend(TAE)protocol.There are no proven therapies for aAMD.AMD that is phenotypically defined at AREDS level 3,should be managed with the use of anti-oxidant vitamins,lutein/zeaxanthin and zinc(AREDS-2 formulation).By understanding the multiple etiologies in the pathogenesis of AMD(i.e.,oxidative stress,inflammation,and genetics),the use of human eye bank tissues graded according to the Minnesota Grading System(MGS)will enable future insights into the pathogenesis of AMD.Initial AMD management is with lifestyle modification such as avoiding smoking,eating a healthy diet and using appropriate vitamin supplements(AREDS-2).For eAMD,anti-VEGF therapies using either pro re nata(PRN)or TAE protocols are recommended,with photodynamic therapy in appropriate cases.New cellular information will direct future,potential therapies and these will originate from experimental models,such as the proposed eye bank model using the MGS,that leverages the prospective AREDS database.展开更多
Monetary policies, either actual or perceived, cause changes in monetary interest rates. These changes impact the economy through financial institutions, which react to changes in the monetary rates with changes in th...Monetary policies, either actual or perceived, cause changes in monetary interest rates. These changes impact the economy through financial institutions, which react to changes in the monetary rates with changes in their administered rates, on both deposits and lendings. The dynamics of administered bank interest rates in response to changes in money market rates is essential to examine the impact of monetary policies on the economy. Chong et al. (2006) proposed an error correction model to study such impact, using data previous to the recent financial crisis. In this paper we examine the validity of the model in the recent time period, characterized by very low monetary rates. The current state of close-to-zero monetary rates is of particular relevance, as it has never been studied before. Our main contribution is a novel, more parsimonious, model and a predictive performance assessment methodology, which allows comparing it with the error correction model.展开更多
The construction and operation of Yangling Model land bank has its geographical uniqueness and adaptability.However,there are still problems of unreasonable act of government,single institutional function and lack of ...The construction and operation of Yangling Model land bank has its geographical uniqueness and adaptability.However,there are still problems of unreasonable act of government,single institutional function and lack of supporting security mechanism.In this situation,it is required to improve in both the operation mode and system,constantly improve functions of land bank in Yangling Demonstration Park,and standardize its act,so as to realize effective security of farmers' rights and interests.展开更多
This paper analyzed the feasibility of development of western logistics finance based on village banks. Combining actual situations,it came up with four specific models for operation of western logistics finance:( i) ...This paper analyzed the feasibility of development of western logistics finance based on village banks. Combining actual situations,it came up with four specific models for operation of western logistics finance:( i) settlement type advance payment by village banks,( ii)pledge by warehouse receipts,( iii) inventory pledge,and( iv) confirmation warehouse models.展开更多
This study evaluates the feasibility of groundwater banking in the Central Basin. The Central Basin is located in Sacramento County in northern California, USA. The study basin is bounded by three rivers (the Sacramen...This study evaluates the feasibility of groundwater banking in the Central Basin. The Central Basin is located in Sacramento County in northern California, USA. The study basin is bounded by three rivers (the Sacramento, the American, the Consumes and Mokelumne rivers), and by the Sierra-Nevada mountain range. This study focuses on the potential for groundwater recharge in the Central Basin for three water years (critical, wet, above normal). For that purpose, a 3-D Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) with MODFLOW was created. Three recharge wells were added to the calibrated groundwater model to recharge the water table with 10,000 Acre-Feet (AF) of water to the Central Basin. The banking of 10,000 AF during the critical and wet years was effective in raising the water table elevation in the cone of depression area without causing any negative impact elsewhere in the basin. According to the findings of the Central Basin model, banking up to 10,000 AF of groundwater during any year type is feasible. More than 10,000 AF of groundwater banking might cause more negative impacts than positive benefits.展开更多
Sandpile phenomena in dynamic systems in the vicinity of criticality always appeal to a sudden break of stability with avalanches of different sizes due to minor perturbations. We can view the intervention of the Cent...Sandpile phenomena in dynamic systems in the vicinity of criticality always appeal to a sudden break of stability with avalanches of different sizes due to minor perturbations. We can view the intervention of the Central Banks on the rate of interest as a perturbation of the economic system. It is an induced perturbation to a system that fare in vicinity of criticality according to the conditions of stability embedded in the equations of the neoclassical model. An alternative reading of the Taylor Rule is proposed in combination with the Sandpile paradigm to give an account of the economic crisis as an event like an avalanche, that can be triggered by a perturbation, as is the intervention of the Central Bank on the interest rate.展开更多
Bangladesh is prone to severe flooding as being located at the confluence of three mighty rivers named the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna. As a consequence, river flooding and erosion are common natural disasters tha...Bangladesh is prone to severe flooding as being located at the confluence of three mighty rivers named the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna. As a consequence, river flooding and erosion are common natural disasters that severely affect the landscape, lives and economy of the country. Dharla River, one of the trans-boundary rivers originated in the Himalayas, along with Brahmaputra River has a great influence on the recurring floods and erosion in north-western Bangladesh. Almost in every year, excessive erosion and embankment damages caused by Dharla render a thousand of people homeless with massive loss of crops and poultries. As per the environmentalists, this is a matter of huge concern as development of accurate flood maps and erosion prediction for Dharla River has been very challenging. In this study, the flood map and Dharla River bank shifting study have been developed by using HEC-RAS 4.1.0 hydrodynamic model and Landsat satellite images. In addition, the HEC-GeoRAS was used to establish the river reach for HEC-RAS. The calibration and validation have been performed using the observed and simulated water levels for the years of 2013 and 2014 respectively. The HEC-RAS flood water level output was used in HEC-GeoRAS for raster interpolation followed by overlain onto the land surface elevation of the study area. Then, the difference between water level interpolation and land elevation surfaces has been considered as a depth of inundation which is performed in Arc-Map 10.2. Flood maps have been generated for the years 2010, 2013, and 2014 for highest water level of each year. The erosion prone areas have been indicated by analyzing bank shifting of Dharla River for the years 1987, 1997, 2007, and 2017 by digitizing the satellite images in Arc-GIS 10.2. From the observation it has been found that the course of the Dharla River has been shifted vastly since 1987 to 2017 due to erosion.展开更多
The study aims to assess groundwater in Auja—Tamaseeh basin in Tulkarem area—West Bank. A steady state calibration flow model as well as solute transport model were built using the visual Modflow software. A stress ...The study aims to assess groundwater in Auja—Tamaseeh basin in Tulkarem area—West Bank. A steady state calibration flow model as well as solute transport model were built using the visual Modflow software. A stress period of 10 years (2005 - 2015) was assigned to study its tendency to contamination. The model results show that there is a pollution risk due to the human activities in the area. The groundwater situation will be harmful if there is no action done by the water-decision makers to preserve the aquifers from deterioration and contamination.展开更多
文摘Energy supply is one of the most critical challenges of wireless sensor networks(WSNs)and industrial wireless sensor networks(IWSNs).While research on coverage optimization problem(COP)centers on the network’s monitoring coverage,this research focuses on the power banks’energy supply coverage.The study of 2-D and 3-D spaces is typical in IWSN,with the realistic environment being more complex with obstacles(i.e.,machines).A 3-D surface is the field of interest(FOI)in this work with the established hybrid power bank deployment model for the energy supply COP optimization of IWSN.The hybrid power bank deployment model is highly adaptive and flexible for new or existing plants already using the IWSN system.The model improves the power supply to a more considerable extent with the least number of power bank deployments.The main innovation in this work is the utilization of a more practical surface model with obstacles and training while improving the convergence speed and quality of the heuristic algorithm.An overall probabilistic coverage rate analysis of every point on the FOI is provided,not limiting the scope to target points or areas.Bresenham’s algorithm is extended from 2-D to 3-D surface to enhance the probabilistic covering model for coverage measurement.A dynamic search strategy(DSS)is proposed to modify the artificial bee colony(ABC)and balance the exploration and exploitation ability for better convergence toward eliminating NP-hard deployment problems.Further,the cellular automata(CA)is utilized to enhance the convergence speed.The case study based on two typical FOI in the IWSN shows that the CA scheme effectively speeds up the optimization process.Comparative experiments are conducted on four benchmark functions to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the ABC and gbest-guided ABC(GABC)algorithms.The results show that the proposed energy coverage optimization method based on the hybrid power bank deployment model generates more accurate results than the results obtained by similar algorithms(i.e.,ABC,GABC).The proposed model is,therefore,effective and efficient for optimization in the IWSN.
基金Supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Project in Heilongjiang Province(14B074)
文摘This paper summarized the management models of village banks in China. We compared and analyzed different management models of four village banks in different regions on four aspects： regional agriculture feature, loan for farmers, loan for enterprises and the construction of network, then came to the conclusion that, if the village banks＇ health development can realize, they must pay attention to innovating in loan patterns as well as material loan and starting out the network development.
文摘The main aim of this paper is to compare the stability, in terms of systemic risk, of conventional and Islamic banking systems. To this aim, we propose correlation network models for stock market returns based on graphical Gaussian distributions, which allows us to capture the contagion effects that move along countries. We also consider Bayesian graphical models, to account for model uncertainty in the measurement of financial systems interconnectedness. Our proposed model is applied to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region banking sector, characterized by the presence of both conventional and Islamic banks, for the period from 2007 to the beginning of 2014. Our empirical findings show that there are differences in the systemic risk and stability of the two banking systems during crisis times. In addition, the differences are subject to country specific effects that are amplified during crisis period.
基金This work was partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60574006) the Specialized Research Fund for DoctoralProgram of Higher Education of China (No. 20030286013) Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu (No. BK2003405) and GraduateInnovative Project of Jiangsu Province (2005).
文摘In this paper we deal with the problem of plants with large parameter variations under different operating modes. A novel intelligent control algorithm based on multiple models is proposed to improve the dynamical response performance. At the same time adaptive model bank is applied to establish models without prior system information. Multiple models and corresponding controllers are automatically established on-line by a conventionally adaptive model and a re-initialized one. A best controller is chosen by the performance function at every instant. The closed-loop system＇s stability and asymptotical convergence of tracking error can be guaranteed. Simulation results have confirmed the validity of the proposed method.
文摘Ensuring that water flows smoothly into spillways is the main challenge in spillway design. In order to help avoid the formation of vortices and separation of flow along the guide wall in front of the gates during overflow through the spillway, an experiment with a physical model of the Yutang Dam. bank spillway was carried out, The profile of the guide wall was redesigned to eliminate the formation of vortices and separation of flow. This involves opening up holes in the middle part of the guide wall. The test results show that the design is effective in improving the flow conditions of the inlet, and in ensuring the desired values of water head along the guide wall and discharge capacities of the spillway,
文摘Credit risk is one of the main risks the commercial banks faces all over the world,especially in the risk structure of the banks of China.In order to control credit risk more scientifically,we shall connect the qualitative analysis and the quantitative analysis.Put forward by J.P.Morgan Credit Metrics model is the application of the VaR in the field of credit risk,showing great advantage in quantitative bonds and credit risk of loan.This paper studies the Credit Metrics model and analyzes the hypothesis and framework of this model,attempting to explore the application of the model in China in order to promote the realization of the risk quantification of the commercial banks of China.
基金This work was supported in part by NIH/NIA RO1 AG025392 NIH/NEI:RO1 EY022097,JoAnne Smith and Delta Airlines Charitable Donation,and an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness to the Mayo Clinic,Department of Ophthalmology,Rochester,MN,USA.
文摘To describe the current aging population in China and globally,especially as it applies to age-related macular degeneration(AMD).To review the current standards of care for treating both wet(exudative)eAMD and dry(atrophic)aAMD.And to introduce a model for experimentation that is based on the Age-Related Eye Disease Study(AREDS)using eye bank tissue.A literature search that outlines current aging populations,standards of clinical treatment as defined by large,multicenter,randomized clinical trials that present level-I data with a low risk for bias.An experimental model system of AMD is presented that enables scientific analysis of AMD pathogenesis by applying grading criteria from the AREDS to human eye bank eyes.Analysis includes proteomic,cellular,and functional genomics.The standard of care for the treatment of eAMD is currently defined by the use of several anti-vascular endothelial growth(anti-VEGF)agents alone or in combination with photodynamic therapy.Monotherapy treatment intervals may be monthly,as needed,or by using a treat-and-extend(TAE)protocol.There are no proven therapies for aAMD.AMD that is phenotypically defined at AREDS level 3,should be managed with the use of anti-oxidant vitamins,lutein/zeaxanthin and zinc(AREDS-2 formulation).By understanding the multiple etiologies in the pathogenesis of AMD(i.e.,oxidative stress,inflammation,and genetics),the use of human eye bank tissues graded according to the Minnesota Grading System(MGS)will enable future insights into the pathogenesis of AMD.Initial AMD management is with lifestyle modification such as avoiding smoking,eating a healthy diet and using appropriate vitamin supplements(AREDS-2).For eAMD,anti-VEGF therapies using either pro re nata(PRN)or TAE protocols are recommended,with photodynamic therapy in appropriate cases.New cellular information will direct future,potential therapies and these will originate from experimental models,such as the proposed eye bank model using the MGS,that leverages the prospective AREDS database.
文摘Monetary policies, either actual or perceived, cause changes in monetary interest rates. These changes impact the economy through financial institutions, which react to changes in the monetary rates with changes in their administered rates, on both deposits and lendings. The dynamics of administered bank interest rates in response to changes in money market rates is essential to examine the impact of monetary policies on the economy. Chong et al. (2006) proposed an error correction model to study such impact, using data previous to the recent financial crisis. In this paper we examine the validity of the model in the recent time period, characterized by very low monetary rates. The current state of close-to-zero monetary rates is of particular relevance, as it has never been studied before. Our main contribution is a novel, more parsimonious, model and a predictive performance assessment methodology, which allows comparing it with the error correction model.
文摘The construction and operation of Yangling Model land bank has its geographical uniqueness and adaptability.However,there are still problems of unreasonable act of government,single institutional function and lack of supporting security mechanism.In this situation,it is required to improve in both the operation mode and system,constantly improve functions of land bank in Yangling Demonstration Park,and standardize its act,so as to realize effective security of farmers' rights and interests.
基金Supported by Project of Department of Education of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(201106LX614)Foundation for Young Teacher Growth Project of Baise University
文摘This paper analyzed the feasibility of development of western logistics finance based on village banks. Combining actual situations,it came up with four specific models for operation of western logistics finance:( i) settlement type advance payment by village banks,( ii)pledge by warehouse receipts,( iii) inventory pledge,and( iv) confirmation warehouse models.
文摘This study evaluates the feasibility of groundwater banking in the Central Basin. The Central Basin is located in Sacramento County in northern California, USA. The study basin is bounded by three rivers (the Sacramento, the American, the Consumes and Mokelumne rivers), and by the Sierra-Nevada mountain range. This study focuses on the potential for groundwater recharge in the Central Basin for three water years (critical, wet, above normal). For that purpose, a 3-D Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) with MODFLOW was created. Three recharge wells were added to the calibrated groundwater model to recharge the water table with 10,000 Acre-Feet (AF) of water to the Central Basin. The banking of 10,000 AF during the critical and wet years was effective in raising the water table elevation in the cone of depression area without causing any negative impact elsewhere in the basin. According to the findings of the Central Basin model, banking up to 10,000 AF of groundwater during any year type is feasible. More than 10,000 AF of groundwater banking might cause more negative impacts than positive benefits.
文摘Sandpile phenomena in dynamic systems in the vicinity of criticality always appeal to a sudden break of stability with avalanches of different sizes due to minor perturbations. We can view the intervention of the Central Banks on the rate of interest as a perturbation of the economic system. It is an induced perturbation to a system that fare in vicinity of criticality according to the conditions of stability embedded in the equations of the neoclassical model. An alternative reading of the Taylor Rule is proposed in combination with the Sandpile paradigm to give an account of the economic crisis as an event like an avalanche, that can be triggered by a perturbation, as is the intervention of the Central Bank on the interest rate.
文摘Bangladesh is prone to severe flooding as being located at the confluence of three mighty rivers named the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna. As a consequence, river flooding and erosion are common natural disasters that severely affect the landscape, lives and economy of the country. Dharla River, one of the trans-boundary rivers originated in the Himalayas, along with Brahmaputra River has a great influence on the recurring floods and erosion in north-western Bangladesh. Almost in every year, excessive erosion and embankment damages caused by Dharla render a thousand of people homeless with massive loss of crops and poultries. As per the environmentalists, this is a matter of huge concern as development of accurate flood maps and erosion prediction for Dharla River has been very challenging. In this study, the flood map and Dharla River bank shifting study have been developed by using HEC-RAS 4.1.0 hydrodynamic model and Landsat satellite images. In addition, the HEC-GeoRAS was used to establish the river reach for HEC-RAS. The calibration and validation have been performed using the observed and simulated water levels for the years of 2013 and 2014 respectively. The HEC-RAS flood water level output was used in HEC-GeoRAS for raster interpolation followed by overlain onto the land surface elevation of the study area. Then, the difference between water level interpolation and land elevation surfaces has been considered as a depth of inundation which is performed in Arc-Map 10.2. Flood maps have been generated for the years 2010, 2013, and 2014 for highest water level of each year. The erosion prone areas have been indicated by analyzing bank shifting of Dharla River for the years 1987, 1997, 2007, and 2017 by digitizing the satellite images in Arc-GIS 10.2. From the observation it has been found that the course of the Dharla River has been shifted vastly since 1987 to 2017 due to erosion.
文摘The study aims to assess groundwater in Auja—Tamaseeh basin in Tulkarem area—West Bank. A steady state calibration flow model as well as solute transport model were built using the visual Modflow software. A stress period of 10 years (2005 - 2015) was assigned to study its tendency to contamination. The model results show that there is a pollution risk due to the human activities in the area. The groundwater situation will be harmful if there is no action done by the water-decision makers to preserve the aquifers from deterioration and contamination.
