A numerical model based on measured fictive temperature distributions is explored to evaluate the residual stress fields of CO_(2)laser-annealed mitigated fused silica damage sites.The proposed model extracts the resi...A numerical model based on measured fictive temperature distributions is explored to evaluate the residual stress fields of CO_(2)laser-annealed mitigated fused silica damage sites.The proposed model extracts the residual strain from the differences in thermoelastic contraction of fused silica with different fictive temperatures from the initial frozen-in temperatures to ambient temperature.The residual stress fields of mitigated damage sites for the CO_(2)laser-annealed case are obtained by a finite element analysis of equilibrium equations and constitutive equations.The simulated results indicate that the proposed model can accurately evaluate the residual stress fields of laser-annealed mitigated damage sites with a complex thermal history.The calculated maximum hoop stress is in good agreement with the reported experimental result.The estimated optical retardance profiles from the calculated radial and hoop stress fields are consistent with the photoelastic measurements.These results provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed model for describing the residual stresses of mitigated fused silica damage sites after CO_(2)laser annealing.展开更多
This three-year study, based on the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease （GRID）, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） Biobank, was conducted in 36 COPD patients to estimate whether changes in levels ...This three-year study, based on the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease （GRID）, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） Biobank, was conducted in 36 COPD patients to estimate whether changes in levels of leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets were related to changes in air pollutant concentration. Daily NO2 levels exhibited significant differences between baseline years and the 2010 Asian Game period. We observed significant reductions in leukocyte and neutrophils counts levels, by 15.51% and 23.01%, from pre-Asian Games to during-Asian Games, respectively. In the post-Asian Game period, most pollutants approximated pre-Asian Game period levels, and similar effects were demonstrated in leukocyte and neutrophil counts. For both items, we identified significant increases resulting from elevated NO2 at lag days 0-2/5-6. We concluded that reductions in pollutants during the intervention period were associated with inactivation of hematological events in COPD.展开更多
Dysregulated Wnt signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cancers, fibrosis, and vascular diseases. Inhibition of Wnt signaling has shown efficacy in various pre-clinical models of these disorders. One of the ...Dysregulated Wnt signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cancers, fibrosis, and vascular diseases. Inhibition of Wnt signaling has shown efficacy in various pre-clinical models of these disorders. One of the key challenges in developing targeted anti-cancer drugs is to balance efficacy with on-target toxicity. Given the crucial role Wnts play in the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, acute inhibition of Wnt signaling is likely to affect bone homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the skeletal effect of small molecule inhibitor of an o-acyl transferase porcupine（PORCN） that prevents Wnt signaling by blocking the secretion of all Wnts. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric evaluation revealed that the bones of mice treated with two structurally distinct PORCN inhibitors LGK974 and ETC-1922159（ETC-159） had loss-of-bone volume and density within 4 weeks of exposure. This decreased bone mass was associated with a significant increase in adipocytes within the bone marrow. Notably,simultaneous administration of a clinically approved anti-resorptive, alendronate, a member of the bisphosphonate family,mitigated loss-of-bone mass seen upon ETC-159 treatment by regulating activity of osteoclasts and blocking accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Our results support the addition of bone protective agents when treating patients with PORCN inhibitors.Mitigation of bone toxicity can extend the therapeutic utility of Wnt pathway inhibitors.展开更多
Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems...Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems.For example,overexploitation of natural resources,mining,pollution,and deforestation are all elements that negatively affect biodiversity and natural resources.Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the damage caused,despite the significant uncontrolled pressure from human activity.However,maintaining its environment is essential to the survival of coastal fishing.Goal:This study’s goal was to evaluate how human activity affected Tabounsou’s coastal ecology in order to suggest remedial actions for sustainable management.The following was the methodological approach used:executive consultation and archival analysis;stakeholder survey(locals,farmers,salt producers,fishers,and loggers);inventory of species;anthropogenic activity inventory;evaluation of how human activity affects aquatic life in the research region;suggestion and action for sustainable management;Outcome:Executive consultation indicated that the main issues are:construction projects that reduce the estuary’s surface area;agricultural practices such as woodcutting and salt farming;the rise in resource exploitation;noncompliance with fisheries laws;and the catching of young fish.Eighty-three percent of fisherman ditch their nets on the coast after using them,but only seventeen percent burn them.With a 75%frequency rate,the same survey indicates that most fisherman fish around the coast.In the Tabounsou area,according to loggers’survey,68%of the wood cut is Rhizophora,24%is Avicennia,and 8%is Laguncularia.Three fish stocks,representing nine families and nine species,were identified by the species inventory.At 18%and 15%,respectively,the actors most frequently capture the species Pseudotolithus elongatus and Arius parkii.According to a poll of 30 farmers,90%of them apply fertilizer to their soil,while only 10%do not.During the dry season,salt is grown.According to two actors,Bougna Toro Toro produces 100 kg of salt per day,followed by Khoumawadé,which produces 80 kg,and Toumbibougni,which produces 70 kg.展开更多
In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects...In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects’ operational risks and mitigation strategies during the funding phase. In contributing to the literature, the study uses data on Kickstarter.com and conducts a content analysis to explore themes and their relationships. The results reveal various operational risks and associated mitigation strategies. Among the identified themes, product-related, contract manufacturers, and supply markets are the most expected risks, while outsourced production and proactive sourcing are the popular mitigation strategies. Also, the finding reveals that proactive sourcing and outsourced production, in-house production and post-campaign sourcing, contract manufacturer risk, and project internal risk are themes forming clusters. The results extend crowdfunding risk disclosure literature and set the tone for future research in crowdfunding operational risk management. Finally, other business implications are drawn for crowdfunding practitioners.展开更多
As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. Ther...As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. There exists a gap in research on the detection and response to attacks on Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanisms themselves, which would lead to service outages between nodes. Classifying exploitation and deceptive jamming attacks on control mechanisms is particularly challengingdue to their resemblance to normal heavy communication patterns. Accordingly, this paper proposes a machine learning-based selective attack mitigation model that detects DoS attacks on wireless networks by monitoring packet log data. Based on the type of detected attack, it implements effective corresponding mitigation techniques to restore performance to nodes whose availability has been compromised. Experimental results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed model is 14% higher than that of a baseline anomaly detection model. Further, the appropriate mitigation techniques selected by the proposed system based on the attack type improve the average throughput by more than 440% compared to the case without a response.展开更多
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environment...Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol(1,6-HDO) with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments(LCAs).Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically(USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton) and environmentally(-26.9 kg CO_(2)eq.). This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.展开更多
This paper presents a standardised workflow for conducting hazard assessments of mass wasting processes in remote mountain areas with limited data.The methodology integrates geomorphological mapping and remote sensing...This paper presents a standardised workflow for conducting hazard assessments of mass wasting processes in remote mountain areas with limited data.The methodology integrates geomorphological mapping and remote sensing techniques and is adaptable to different national standards,thus ensuring its applicability in a variety of contexts.The principal objective is to guarantee the safety of mountainous regions,particularly in the vicinity of essential infrastructure,where the scope for implementing structural measures is restricted.The framework commences with comprehensive geomorphological mapping,which facilitates the identification of past hazardous processes and potential future hazards.New technologies,such as uncrewed aerial vehicles(UAVs),are employed to create high-resolution DEMs,which are particularly beneficial in regions with limited data availability.These models facilitate the assessment of potential hazards and inform decisions regarding protective measures.The utilisation of UAVs enhances the accuracy and efficiency of data collection,particularly in remote mountainous regions where alternative remotely sensed information may be unavailable.The integration of modern approaches into traditional hazard assessment methods allows for a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of factors driving mass wasting processes.This workflow provides valuable insights that assist in the prioritisation of interventions and the optimisation of risk reduction in high mountainous areas.展开更多
This review examines human vulnerabilities in cybersecurity within Microfinance Institutions, analyzing their impact on organizational resilience. Focusing on social engineering, inadequate security training, and weak...This review examines human vulnerabilities in cybersecurity within Microfinance Institutions, analyzing their impact on organizational resilience. Focusing on social engineering, inadequate security training, and weak internal protocols, the study identifies key vulnerabilities exacerbating cyber threats to MFIs. A literature review using databases like IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar focused on studies from 2019 to 2023 addressing human factors in cybersecurity specific to MFIs. Analysis of 57 studies reveals that phishing and insider threats are predominant, with a 20% annual increase in phishing attempts. Employee susceptibility to these attacks is heightened by insufficient training, with entry-level employees showing the highest vulnerability rates. Further, only 35% of MFIs offer regular cybersecurity training, significantly impacting incident reduction. This paper recommends enhanced training frequency, robust internal controls, and a cybersecurity-aware culture to mitigate human-induced cyber risks in MFIs.展开更多
Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms ...Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms that affect farmers'willingness to participate in landslide prevention and mitigation(WPLPM).Conducted in Heifangtai,Gansu Province,China,renowned as the"landslide natural laboratory",this research employs multiple linear regression analysis on data from 399 questionnaires to pinpoint the key determinants of farmers'WPLPM.The findings reveal:(1)the"risk perception paradox"exists—farmers have high-risk perception but low WPLPM;(2)the impact of risk perception on WPLPM is tempered by self-efficacy related to fund,learning ability,and operation ability,offering an insight into the"risk perception paradox";and(3)There are significant positive influences of farmers'benefit perception,social network,and perceived responsibility on their WPLPM.Based on these insights,the study offers targeted policy recommendations.展开更多
Large-scale deep-seated landslides pose a significant threat to human life and infrastructure.Therefore,closely monitoring these landslides is crucial for assessing and mitigating their associated risks.In this paper,...Large-scale deep-seated landslides pose a significant threat to human life and infrastructure.Therefore,closely monitoring these landslides is crucial for assessing and mitigating their associated risks.In this paper,the authors introduce the So Lo Mon framework,a comprehensive monitoring system developed for three large-scale landslides in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano,Italy.A web-based platform integrates various monitoring data(GNSS,topographic data,in-place inclinometer),providing a user-friendly interface for visualizing and analyzing the collected data.This facilitates the identification of trends and patterns in landslide behaviour,enabling the triggering of warnings and the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures.The So Lo Mon platform has proven to be an invaluable tool for managing the risks associated with large-scale landslides through non-structural measures and driving countermeasure works design.It serves as a centralized data repository,offering visualization and analysis tools.This information empowers decisionmakers to make informed choices regarding risk mitigation,ultimately ensuring the safety of communities and infrastructures.展开更多
The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber ris...The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber risks. Although comprehensive, the complexity of the NIST CSF can be overwhelming, especially for those lacking extensive cybersecurity resources. Current implementation tools often cater to larger companies, neglecting the specific needs of SMEs, which can be vulnerable to cyber threats. To address this gap, our research proposes a user-friendly, open-source web platform designed to simplify the implementation of the NIST CSF. This platform enables organizations to assess their risk exposure and continuously monitor their cybersecurity maturity through tailored recommendations based on their unique profiles. Our methodology includes a literature review of existing tools and standards, followed by a description of the platform’s design and architecture. Initial tests with SMEs in Burkina Faso reveal a concerning cybersecurity maturity level, indicating the urgent need for improved strategies based on our findings. By offering an intuitive interface and cross-platform accessibility, this solution aims to empower organizations to enhance their cybersecurity resilience in an evolving threat landscape. The article concludes with discussions on the practical implications and future enhancements of the tool.展开更多
In this paper,a double-effect DNN-based Digital Back-Propagation(DBP)scheme is proposed and studied to achieve the Integrated Communication and Sensing(ICS)ability,which can not only realize nonlinear damage mitigatio...In this paper,a double-effect DNN-based Digital Back-Propagation(DBP)scheme is proposed and studied to achieve the Integrated Communication and Sensing(ICS)ability,which can not only realize nonlinear damage mitigation but also monitor the optical power and dispersion profile over multi-span links.The link status information can be extracted by the characteristics of the learned optical fiber parameters without any other measuring instruments.The efficiency and feasibility of this method have been investigated in different fiber link conditions,including various launch power,transmission distance,and the location and the amount of the abnormal losses.A good monitoring performance can be obtained while the launch optical power is 2 dBm which does not affect the normal operation of the optical communication system and the step size of DBP is 20 km which can provide a better distance resolution.This scheme successfully detects the location of single or multiple optical attenuators in long-distance multi-span fiber links,including different abnormal losses of 2 dB,4 dB,and 6 dB in 360 km and serval combinations of abnormal losses of(1 dB,5 dB),(3 dB,3 dB),(5 dB,1 dB)in 360 km and 760 km.Meanwhile,the transfer relationship of the estimated coefficient values with different step sizes is further investigated to reduce the complexity of the fiber nonlinear damage compensation.These results provide an attractive approach for precisely sensing the optical fiber link status information and making correct strategies timely to ensure optical communication system operations.展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Long et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Rectal cancer patients are at risk for developing metachronous liver metastasis(M...In this article,we comment on the article by Long et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Rectal cancer patients are at risk for developing metachronous liver metastasis(MLM),yet early prediction remains challenging due to variations in tumor heterogeneity and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods.Therefore,there is an urgent need for noninvasive techniques to improve patient outcomes.Long et al’s study introduces an innovative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based radiomics model that integrates high-throughput imaging data with clinical variables to predict MLM.The study employed a 7:3 split to generate training and validation datasets.The MLM prediction model was constructed using the training set and subsequently validated on the validation set using area under the curve(AUC)and dollar-cost averaging metrics to assess performance,robustness,and generalizability.By employing advanced algorithms,the model provides a non-invasive solution to assess tumor heterogeneity for better metastasis prediction,enabling early intervention and personalized treatment planning.However,variations in MRI parameters,such as differences in scanning resolutions and protocols across facilities,patient heterogeneity(e.g.,age,comorbidities),and external factors like carcinoembryonic antigen levels introduce biases.Additionally,confounding factors such as diagnostic staging methods and patient comorbidities require further validation and adjustment to ensure accuracy and generalizability.With evolving Food and Drug Administration regulations on machine learning models in healthcare,compliance and careful consideration of these regulatory requirements are essential to ensuring safe and effective implementation of this approach in clinical practice.In the future,clinicians may be able to utilize datadriven,patient-centric artificial intelligence(AI)-enhanced imaging tools integrated with clinical data,which would help improve early detection of MLM and optimize personalized treatment strategies.Combining radiomics,genomics,histological data,and demographic information can significantly enhance the accuracy and precision of predictive models.展开更多
The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,...The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,the effect of the interactions between perception factors on residents'willingness to evacuate is an urgent problem to be solved.Therefore,this paper introduces risk,stakeholder,and protective action perceptions from the protective action decision model as the main explanatory variables.These three core perceptions are subdivided into affective risk perception,cognitive risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,resourcerelated attributes,and hazard-related attributes.A questionnaire survey was conducted from June to July 2023 among residents of mountainous communities in nine villages in three towns in Sichuan Province,China.359 cross-sectional data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to explore the effects of six perception factors on evacuation intentions.The results of the study showed that:(1)affective risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,and hazard-related attributes all directly and positively influence residents'intentions to evacuate;(2)cognitive risk perception is mediated by stakeholder and protective action perceptions,which indirectly and positively affect residents'intentions to evacuate.Based on the hypothesized paths,strategies to improve residents'willingness to evacuate are discussed from the perspective of three core perceptions:strengthening disaster risk education,improving residents'cohesion,and building government credibility.The results of this study can provide theoretical support and practical suggestions for emergency management departments to formulate emergency evacuation strategies,which can aid decision-makers in better understanding residents'intentions to evacuate,optimizing evacuation information dissemination pathways,and strengthening disaster risk management capabilities.展开更多
Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critical...Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance pricing.On the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from insurance.However, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.展开更多
With the surge of demand for instant high power in miniaturized electronic and mechanical systems,supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as one of the viable candidates to fulfill the requirements.Thus,long-term resilienc...With the surge of demand for instant high power in miniaturized electronic and mechanical systems,supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as one of the viable candidates to fulfill the requirements.Thus,long-term resilience and superior energy density associated with self-discharge in SCs are obviously critical,but securing electrode materials,which can meet both benefits of SCs and persist charged potential for a comparatively prolonged duration,are still elusive.Herein,hierarchically refined nickel-sulfide heterostructure(CuO-NS)on CuO(CO)scaffold is achieved through optimized film formation,exhibiting a threefold improvement in the essential electrochemical characteristics and outstanding capacitance retention(∼5%loss).Self-discharge behavior and its mechanism are systematically investigated via morphological control and nanostructural evolution.Furthermore,significant mitigation of self-discharge owing to an increase in surface area and refined nanostructure is displayed.Remarkably,CuO-NS2(20 cycle overcoating)based SC can retain over 60%of the charged potential for a complete voltage holding and a self-discharge test for 16 h.An appealing demonstration of wireless power transmission in burst mode is demonstrated for secure digital(SD)card data writing,powered by SCs,which substantiates that it can be readily leveraged in power management systems.This enables us to realize one of the envisioned applications soon.展开更多
Metal additive manufacturing(AM)has been extensively studied in recent decades.Despite the significant progress achieved in manufacturing complex shapes and structures,challenges such as severe cracking when using exi...Metal additive manufacturing(AM)has been extensively studied in recent decades.Despite the significant progress achieved in manufacturing complex shapes and structures,challenges such as severe cracking when using existing alloys for laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)AM have persisted.These challenges arise because commercial alloys are primarily designed for conventional casting or forging processes,overlooking the fast cooling rates,steep temperature gradients and multiple thermal cycles of L-PBF.To address this,there is an urgent need to develop novel alloys specifically tailored for L-PBF technologies.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the strategies employed in alloy design for L-PBF.It aims to guide future research on designing novel alloys dedicated to L-PBF instead of adapting existing alloys.The review begins by discussing the features of the L-PBF processes,focusing on rapid solidification and intrinsic heat treatment.Next,the printability of the four main existing alloys(Fe-,Ni-,Al-and Ti-based alloys)is critically assessed,with a comparison of their conventional weldability.It was found that the weldability criteria are not always applicable in estimating printability.Furthermore,the review presents recent advances in alloy development and associated strategies,categorizing them into crack mitigation-oriented,microstructure manipulation-oriented and machine learning-assisted approaches.Lastly,an outlook and suggestions are given to highlight the issues that need to be addressed in future work.展开更多
Phosphogypsum(PG),a hard-to-dissipate by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry,places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites.This pervasive problem is already w...Phosphogypsum(PG),a hard-to-dissipate by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry,places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites.This pervasive problem is already widespread worldwide and requires careful stewardship.In this study,we review the presence of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in PG and describe their associations with soil properties,anthropogenic activities,and surrounding organisms.Then,we review different ex-/in-situ solutions for promoting the sustainable management of PG,with an emphasis on in-situ cemented paste backfill,which offers a cost-effective and highly scalable opportunity to advance the value-added recovery of PG.However,concerns related to the PTEs'retention capacity and long-term effectiveness limit the implementation of this strategy.Furthermore,given that the large-scale demand for ordinary Portland cement from this conventional option has resulted in significant CO_(2) emissions,the technology has recently undergone additional scrutiny to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement and China's Carbon Neutrality Economy.Therefore,we discuss the ways by which we can integrate innovative strategies,including supplementary cementitious materials,alternative binder solutions,CO_(2) mineralization,CO_(2) curing,and optimization of the supply chain for the profitability and sustainability of PG remediation.However,to maximize the co-benefits in environmental,social,and economic,future research must bridge the gap between the feasibility of expanding these advanced pathways and the multidisciplinary needs.展开更多
To improve the anti-jamming and interference mitigation ability of the UAV-aided communication systems, this paper investigates the channel selection optimization problem in face of both internal mutual interference a...To improve the anti-jamming and interference mitigation ability of the UAV-aided communication systems, this paper investigates the channel selection optimization problem in face of both internal mutual interference and external malicious jamming. A cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation method based on local altruistic is proposed to optimize UAVs’ channel selection. Specifically, a Stackelberg game is modeled to formulate the confrontation relationship between UAVs and the jammer. A local altruistic game is modeled with each UAV considering the utilities of both itself and other UAVs. A distributed cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation algorithm is proposed to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm and the impact of the transmission power on the system loss value are analyzed, and the anti-jamming performance of the proposed algorithm can be improved by around 64% compared with the existing algorithms.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62275235).
文摘A numerical model based on measured fictive temperature distributions is explored to evaluate the residual stress fields of CO_(2)laser-annealed mitigated fused silica damage sites.The proposed model extracts the residual strain from the differences in thermoelastic contraction of fused silica with different fictive temperatures from the initial frozen-in temperatures to ambient temperature.The residual stress fields of mitigated damage sites for the CO_(2)laser-annealed case are obtained by a finite element analysis of equilibrium equations and constitutive equations.The simulated results indicate that the proposed model can accurately evaluate the residual stress fields of laser-annealed mitigated damage sites with a complex thermal history.The calculated maximum hoop stress is in good agreement with the reported experimental result.The estimated optical retardance profiles from the calculated radial and hoop stress fields are consistent with the photoelastic measurements.These results provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed model for describing the residual stresses of mitigated fused silica damage sites after CO_(2)laser annealing.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China[81520108001,81700043]the 973 Key Scheme of China[2015CB553406]+2 种基金Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2014,W Lu)Guangzhou Department of Education for Innovative Team[13C08]Guangdong Natural Science Foundation[2016A030313593]
文摘This three-year study, based on the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease （GRID）, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） Biobank, was conducted in 36 COPD patients to estimate whether changes in levels of leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets were related to changes in air pollutant concentration. Daily NO2 levels exhibited significant differences between baseline years and the 2010 Asian Game period. We observed significant reductions in leukocyte and neutrophils counts levels, by 15.51% and 23.01%, from pre-Asian Games to during-Asian Games, respectively. In the post-Asian Game period, most pollutants approximated pre-Asian Game period levels, and similar effects were demonstrated in leukocyte and neutrophil counts. For both items, we identified significant increases resulting from elevated NO2 at lag days 0-2/5-6. We concluded that reductions in pollutants during the intervention period were associated with inactivation of hematological events in COPD.
基金supported by an NIH grant to BOW (R01AR053293)the Van Andel Research Institutesupported in part by the National Research Foundation Singapore
文摘Dysregulated Wnt signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cancers, fibrosis, and vascular diseases. Inhibition of Wnt signaling has shown efficacy in various pre-clinical models of these disorders. One of the key challenges in developing targeted anti-cancer drugs is to balance efficacy with on-target toxicity. Given the crucial role Wnts play in the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, acute inhibition of Wnt signaling is likely to affect bone homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the skeletal effect of small molecule inhibitor of an o-acyl transferase porcupine（PORCN） that prevents Wnt signaling by blocking the secretion of all Wnts. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric evaluation revealed that the bones of mice treated with two structurally distinct PORCN inhibitors LGK974 and ETC-1922159（ETC-159） had loss-of-bone volume and density within 4 weeks of exposure. This decreased bone mass was associated with a significant increase in adipocytes within the bone marrow. Notably,simultaneous administration of a clinically approved anti-resorptive, alendronate, a member of the bisphosphonate family,mitigated loss-of-bone mass seen upon ETC-159 treatment by regulating activity of osteoclasts and blocking accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Our results support the addition of bone protective agents when treating patients with PORCN inhibitors.Mitigation of bone toxicity can extend the therapeutic utility of Wnt pathway inhibitors.
文摘Humans have always engaged with their surroundings and the ecology in which they live.However,during the industrial age,this contact has been more intense and has had a substantial impact on environment and ecosystems.For example,overexploitation of natural resources,mining,pollution,and deforestation are all elements that negatively affect biodiversity and natural resources.Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the damage caused,despite the significant uncontrolled pressure from human activity.However,maintaining its environment is essential to the survival of coastal fishing.Goal:This study’s goal was to evaluate how human activity affected Tabounsou’s coastal ecology in order to suggest remedial actions for sustainable management.The following was the methodological approach used:executive consultation and archival analysis;stakeholder survey(locals,farmers,salt producers,fishers,and loggers);inventory of species;anthropogenic activity inventory;evaluation of how human activity affects aquatic life in the research region;suggestion and action for sustainable management;Outcome:Executive consultation indicated that the main issues are:construction projects that reduce the estuary’s surface area;agricultural practices such as woodcutting and salt farming;the rise in resource exploitation;noncompliance with fisheries laws;and the catching of young fish.Eighty-three percent of fisherman ditch their nets on the coast after using them,but only seventeen percent burn them.With a 75%frequency rate,the same survey indicates that most fisherman fish around the coast.In the Tabounsou area,according to loggers’survey,68%of the wood cut is Rhizophora,24%is Avicennia,and 8%is Laguncularia.Three fish stocks,representing nine families and nine species,were identified by the species inventory.At 18%and 15%,respectively,the actors most frequently capture the species Pseudotolithus elongatus and Arius parkii.According to a poll of 30 farmers,90%of them apply fertilizer to their soil,while only 10%do not.During the dry season,salt is grown.According to two actors,Bougna Toro Toro produces 100 kg of salt per day,followed by Khoumawadé,which produces 80 kg,and Toumbibougni,which produces 70 kg.
文摘In reward-based crowdfunding, projects are to disclose the operational risks and mitigation strategies for delivering the physical rewards during the funding phase. However, limited knowledge exists regarding projects’ operational risks and mitigation strategies during the funding phase. In contributing to the literature, the study uses data on Kickstarter.com and conducts a content analysis to explore themes and their relationships. The results reveal various operational risks and associated mitigation strategies. Among the identified themes, product-related, contract manufacturers, and supply markets are the most expected risks, while outsourced production and proactive sourcing are the popular mitigation strategies. Also, the finding reveals that proactive sourcing and outsourced production, in-house production and post-campaign sourcing, contract manufacturer risk, and project internal risk are themes forming clusters. The results extend crowdfunding risk disclosure literature and set the tone for future research in crowdfunding operational risk management. Finally, other business implications are drawn for crowdfunding practitioners.
基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)under Training Industrial Security Specialist for High-Tech Industry(RS-2024-00415520)supervised by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)under the ICT Challenge and Advanced Network of HRD(ICAN)Program(No.IITP-2022-RS-2022-00156310)supervised by the Institute of Information&Communication Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP).
文摘As the density of wireless networks increases globally, the vulnerability of overlapped dense wireless communications to interference by hidden nodes and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks is becoming more apparent. There exists a gap in research on the detection and response to attacks on Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanisms themselves, which would lead to service outages between nodes. Classifying exploitation and deceptive jamming attacks on control mechanisms is particularly challengingdue to their resemblance to normal heavy communication patterns. Accordingly, this paper proposes a machine learning-based selective attack mitigation model that detects DoS attacks on wireless networks by monitoring packet log data. Based on the type of detected attack, it implements effective corresponding mitigation techniques to restore performance to nodes whose availability has been compromised. Experimental results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed model is 14% higher than that of a baseline anomaly detection model. Further, the appropriate mitigation techniques selected by the proposed system based on the attack type improve the average throughput by more than 440% compared to the case without a response.
基金Material Parts Technology Development Program (20017461, Development and Performance Improvement of Air Operated Valve for 105 MPa Hydrogen Charging Station) funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE, Republic of Korea)Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT, Republic of Korea)+1 种基金financial support from the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea(RS-2024-00419764)。
文摘Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol(1,6-HDO) with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy C, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments(LCAs).Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically(USRDSCHARDOLLAR3,402/ton) and environmentally(-26.9 kg CO_(2)eq.). This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.
基金Open access funding provided by University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna(BOKU).
文摘This paper presents a standardised workflow for conducting hazard assessments of mass wasting processes in remote mountain areas with limited data.The methodology integrates geomorphological mapping and remote sensing techniques and is adaptable to different national standards,thus ensuring its applicability in a variety of contexts.The principal objective is to guarantee the safety of mountainous regions,particularly in the vicinity of essential infrastructure,where the scope for implementing structural measures is restricted.The framework commences with comprehensive geomorphological mapping,which facilitates the identification of past hazardous processes and potential future hazards.New technologies,such as uncrewed aerial vehicles(UAVs),are employed to create high-resolution DEMs,which are particularly beneficial in regions with limited data availability.These models facilitate the assessment of potential hazards and inform decisions regarding protective measures.The utilisation of UAVs enhances the accuracy and efficiency of data collection,particularly in remote mountainous regions where alternative remotely sensed information may be unavailable.The integration of modern approaches into traditional hazard assessment methods allows for a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of factors driving mass wasting processes.This workflow provides valuable insights that assist in the prioritisation of interventions and the optimisation of risk reduction in high mountainous areas.
文摘This review examines human vulnerabilities in cybersecurity within Microfinance Institutions, analyzing their impact on organizational resilience. Focusing on social engineering, inadequate security training, and weak internal protocols, the study identifies key vulnerabilities exacerbating cyber threats to MFIs. A literature review using databases like IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar focused on studies from 2019 to 2023 addressing human factors in cybersecurity specific to MFIs. Analysis of 57 studies reveals that phishing and insider threats are predominant, with a 20% annual increase in phishing attempts. Employee susceptibility to these attacks is heightened by insufficient training, with entry-level employees showing the highest vulnerability rates. Further, only 35% of MFIs offer regular cybersecurity training, significantly impacting incident reduction. This paper recommends enhanced training frequency, robust internal controls, and a cybersecurity-aware culture to mitigate human-induced cyber risks in MFIs.
基金funded by National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 24&ZD164)。
文摘Public participation is crucial in mitigating disasters.Stemming from the ongoing debate on benefit-and risk-driven approaches to landslide mitigation,this study seeks to uncover the factors and underlying mechanisms that affect farmers'willingness to participate in landslide prevention and mitigation(WPLPM).Conducted in Heifangtai,Gansu Province,China,renowned as the"landslide natural laboratory",this research employs multiple linear regression analysis on data from 399 questionnaires to pinpoint the key determinants of farmers'WPLPM.The findings reveal:(1)the"risk perception paradox"exists—farmers have high-risk perception but low WPLPM;(2)the impact of risk perception on WPLPM is tempered by self-efficacy related to fund,learning ability,and operation ability,offering an insight into the"risk perception paradox";and(3)There are significant positive influences of farmers'benefit perception,social network,and perceived responsibility on their WPLPM.Based on these insights,the study offers targeted policy recommendations.
基金funded by the So Lo Mon project“Monitoraggio a Lungo Termine di Grandi Frane basato su Sistemi Integrati di Sensori e Reti”(Longterm monitoring of large-scale landslides based on integrated systems of sensors and networks),Program EFRE-FESR 2014–2020,Project EFRE-FESR4008 South Tyrol–Person in charge:V.Mair。
文摘Large-scale deep-seated landslides pose a significant threat to human life and infrastructure.Therefore,closely monitoring these landslides is crucial for assessing and mitigating their associated risks.In this paper,the authors introduce the So Lo Mon framework,a comprehensive monitoring system developed for three large-scale landslides in the Autonomous Province of Bolzano,Italy.A web-based platform integrates various monitoring data(GNSS,topographic data,in-place inclinometer),providing a user-friendly interface for visualizing and analyzing the collected data.This facilitates the identification of trends and patterns in landslide behaviour,enabling the triggering of warnings and the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures.The So Lo Mon platform has proven to be an invaluable tool for managing the risks associated with large-scale landslides through non-structural measures and driving countermeasure works design.It serves as a centralized data repository,offering visualization and analysis tools.This information empowers decisionmakers to make informed choices regarding risk mitigation,ultimately ensuring the safety of communities and infrastructures.
文摘The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (NIST CSF) serves as a voluntary guideline aimed at helping organizations, tiny and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and critical infrastructure operators, effectively manage cyber risks. Although comprehensive, the complexity of the NIST CSF can be overwhelming, especially for those lacking extensive cybersecurity resources. Current implementation tools often cater to larger companies, neglecting the specific needs of SMEs, which can be vulnerable to cyber threats. To address this gap, our research proposes a user-friendly, open-source web platform designed to simplify the implementation of the NIST CSF. This platform enables organizations to assess their risk exposure and continuously monitor their cybersecurity maturity through tailored recommendations based on their unique profiles. Our methodology includes a literature review of existing tools and standards, followed by a description of the platform’s design and architecture. Initial tests with SMEs in Burkina Faso reveal a concerning cybersecurity maturity level, indicating the urgent need for improved strategies based on our findings. By offering an intuitive interface and cross-platform accessibility, this solution aims to empower organizations to enhance their cybersecurity resilience in an evolving threat landscape. The article concludes with discussions on the practical implications and future enhancements of the tool.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFB1803905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62171022)+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation (4222009)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515120057)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,USTB (No.BK19AF005)。
文摘In this paper,a double-effect DNN-based Digital Back-Propagation(DBP)scheme is proposed and studied to achieve the Integrated Communication and Sensing(ICS)ability,which can not only realize nonlinear damage mitigation but also monitor the optical power and dispersion profile over multi-span links.The link status information can be extracted by the characteristics of the learned optical fiber parameters without any other measuring instruments.The efficiency and feasibility of this method have been investigated in different fiber link conditions,including various launch power,transmission distance,and the location and the amount of the abnormal losses.A good monitoring performance can be obtained while the launch optical power is 2 dBm which does not affect the normal operation of the optical communication system and the step size of DBP is 20 km which can provide a better distance resolution.This scheme successfully detects the location of single or multiple optical attenuators in long-distance multi-span fiber links,including different abnormal losses of 2 dB,4 dB,and 6 dB in 360 km and serval combinations of abnormal losses of(1 dB,5 dB),(3 dB,3 dB),(5 dB,1 dB)in 360 km and 760 km.Meanwhile,the transfer relationship of the estimated coefficient values with different step sizes is further investigated to reduce the complexity of the fiber nonlinear damage compensation.These results provide an attractive approach for precisely sensing the optical fiber link status information and making correct strategies timely to ensure optical communication system operations.
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Long et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.Rectal cancer patients are at risk for developing metachronous liver metastasis(MLM),yet early prediction remains challenging due to variations in tumor heterogeneity and the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods.Therefore,there is an urgent need for noninvasive techniques to improve patient outcomes.Long et al’s study introduces an innovative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based radiomics model that integrates high-throughput imaging data with clinical variables to predict MLM.The study employed a 7:3 split to generate training and validation datasets.The MLM prediction model was constructed using the training set and subsequently validated on the validation set using area under the curve(AUC)and dollar-cost averaging metrics to assess performance,robustness,and generalizability.By employing advanced algorithms,the model provides a non-invasive solution to assess tumor heterogeneity for better metastasis prediction,enabling early intervention and personalized treatment planning.However,variations in MRI parameters,such as differences in scanning resolutions and protocols across facilities,patient heterogeneity(e.g.,age,comorbidities),and external factors like carcinoembryonic antigen levels introduce biases.Additionally,confounding factors such as diagnostic staging methods and patient comorbidities require further validation and adjustment to ensure accuracy and generalizability.With evolving Food and Drug Administration regulations on machine learning models in healthcare,compliance and careful consideration of these regulatory requirements are essential to ensuring safe and effective implementation of this approach in clinical practice.In the future,clinicians may be able to utilize datadriven,patient-centric artificial intelligence(AI)-enhanced imaging tools integrated with clinical data,which would help improve early detection of MLM and optimize personalized treatment strategies.Combining radiomics,genomics,histological data,and demographic information can significantly enhance the accuracy and precision of predictive models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20111)the National key R&D Program(2022YFC3080100)。
文摘The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,the effect of the interactions between perception factors on residents'willingness to evacuate is an urgent problem to be solved.Therefore,this paper introduces risk,stakeholder,and protective action perceptions from the protective action decision model as the main explanatory variables.These three core perceptions are subdivided into affective risk perception,cognitive risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,resourcerelated attributes,and hazard-related attributes.A questionnaire survey was conducted from June to July 2023 among residents of mountainous communities in nine villages in three towns in Sichuan Province,China.359 cross-sectional data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to explore the effects of six perception factors on evacuation intentions.The results of the study showed that:(1)affective risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,and hazard-related attributes all directly and positively influence residents'intentions to evacuate;(2)cognitive risk perception is mediated by stakeholder and protective action perceptions,which indirectly and positively affect residents'intentions to evacuate.Based on the hypothesized paths,strategies to improve residents'willingness to evacuate are discussed from the perspective of three core perceptions:strengthening disaster risk education,improving residents'cohesion,and building government credibility.The results of this study can provide theoretical support and practical suggestions for emergency management departments to formulate emergency evacuation strategies,which can aid decision-makers in better understanding residents'intentions to evacuate,optimizing evacuation information dissemination pathways,and strengthening disaster risk management capabilities.
基金funded by the Australian Research Council (DP170100096)
文摘Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance pricing.On the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from insurance.However, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.
基金supported by the Incheon National University Research Grant in 2022,Incheon,Republic of Korea.
文摘With the surge of demand for instant high power in miniaturized electronic and mechanical systems,supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as one of the viable candidates to fulfill the requirements.Thus,long-term resilience and superior energy density associated with self-discharge in SCs are obviously critical,but securing electrode materials,which can meet both benefits of SCs and persist charged potential for a comparatively prolonged duration,are still elusive.Herein,hierarchically refined nickel-sulfide heterostructure(CuO-NS)on CuO(CO)scaffold is achieved through optimized film formation,exhibiting a threefold improvement in the essential electrochemical characteristics and outstanding capacitance retention(∼5%loss).Self-discharge behavior and its mechanism are systematically investigated via morphological control and nanostructural evolution.Furthermore,significant mitigation of self-discharge owing to an increase in surface area and refined nanostructure is displayed.Remarkably,CuO-NS2(20 cycle overcoating)based SC can retain over 60%of the charged potential for a complete voltage holding and a self-discharge test for 16 h.An appealing demonstration of wireless power transmission in burst mode is demonstrated for secure digital(SD)card data writing,powered by SCs,which substantiates that it can be readily leveraged in power management systems.This enables us to realize one of the envisioned applications soon.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4600302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52090041)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104368)National Major Science and Technology Projects of China(J2019-VII-0010-0150)。
文摘Metal additive manufacturing(AM)has been extensively studied in recent decades.Despite the significant progress achieved in manufacturing complex shapes and structures,challenges such as severe cracking when using existing alloys for laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)AM have persisted.These challenges arise because commercial alloys are primarily designed for conventional casting or forging processes,overlooking the fast cooling rates,steep temperature gradients and multiple thermal cycles of L-PBF.To address this,there is an urgent need to develop novel alloys specifically tailored for L-PBF technologies.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the strategies employed in alloy design for L-PBF.It aims to guide future research on designing novel alloys dedicated to L-PBF instead of adapting existing alloys.The review begins by discussing the features of the L-PBF processes,focusing on rapid solidification and intrinsic heat treatment.Next,the printability of the four main existing alloys(Fe-,Ni-,Al-and Ti-based alloys)is critically assessed,with a comparison of their conventional weldability.It was found that the weldability criteria are not always applicable in estimating printability.Furthermore,the review presents recent advances in alloy development and associated strategies,categorizing them into crack mitigation-oriented,microstructure manipulation-oriented and machine learning-assisted approaches.Lastly,an outlook and suggestions are given to highlight the issues that need to be addressed in future work.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.552104156,52074351,and 52004330)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ30714)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2021RC3125)。
文摘Phosphogypsum(PG),a hard-to-dissipate by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry,places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites.This pervasive problem is already widespread worldwide and requires careful stewardship.In this study,we review the presence of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in PG and describe their associations with soil properties,anthropogenic activities,and surrounding organisms.Then,we review different ex-/in-situ solutions for promoting the sustainable management of PG,with an emphasis on in-situ cemented paste backfill,which offers a cost-effective and highly scalable opportunity to advance the value-added recovery of PG.However,concerns related to the PTEs'retention capacity and long-term effectiveness limit the implementation of this strategy.Furthermore,given that the large-scale demand for ordinary Portland cement from this conventional option has resulted in significant CO_(2) emissions,the technology has recently undergone additional scrutiny to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement and China's Carbon Neutrality Economy.Therefore,we discuss the ways by which we can integrate innovative strategies,including supplementary cementitious materials,alternative binder solutions,CO_(2) mineralization,CO_(2) curing,and optimization of the supply chain for the profitability and sustainability of PG remediation.However,to maximize the co-benefits in environmental,social,and economic,future research must bridge the gap between the feasibility of expanding these advanced pathways and the multidisciplinary needs.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62271253,61901523,62001381)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.NS2023018)+2 种基金the National Aerospace Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023Z021052002the open research fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Southeast University (No.2023D09)Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of NUAA (No.xcxjh20220402)。
文摘To improve the anti-jamming and interference mitigation ability of the UAV-aided communication systems, this paper investigates the channel selection optimization problem in face of both internal mutual interference and external malicious jamming. A cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation method based on local altruistic is proposed to optimize UAVs’ channel selection. Specifically, a Stackelberg game is modeled to formulate the confrontation relationship between UAVs and the jammer. A local altruistic game is modeled with each UAV considering the utilities of both itself and other UAVs. A distributed cooperative anti-jamming and interference mitigation algorithm is proposed to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium. Finally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm and the impact of the transmission power on the system loss value are analyzed, and the anti-jamming performance of the proposed algorithm can be improved by around 64% compared with the existing algorithms.
