The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)medicated bath,as an essential component of TCM therapy,possesses profound historical significance and broad application prospects.This article focuses on the research and developm...The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)medicated bath,as an essential component of TCM therapy,possesses profound historical significance and broad application prospects.This article focuses on the research and development of the TCM medicated bath.As a form of external treatment within TCM,the medicated bath demonstrates unique efficacy and wide applicability,offering significant advantages in health management,disease prevention,and treatment.This paper analyzes the historical origins,mechanisms of action,development,clinical applications,and existing challenges of medicated baths from various perspectives.Finally,it explores future directions for TCM medicated baths,emphasizing the need for strengthened multidisciplinary cooperation,foundational research,and clinical studies to foster innovation and development.This approach aims to provide safer and more effective therapeutic options for human health.展开更多
This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic...This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic medicine.展开更多
Safflower is widely cultivated and used as a dual-purpose medicinal oil worldwide.This research used the incoPat patent database to search the global safflower patents for nearly 20 years,aiming to reveal the developm...Safflower is widely cultivated and used as a dual-purpose medicinal oil worldwide.This research used the incoPat patent database to search the global safflower patents for nearly 20 years,aiming to reveal the development process and current situation of the safflower industry in China and around the world by analyzing patent application trends,patent technology characteristics,advantageous industries and regions,patent quality,etc.The analysis shows that safflower patent applications are generally increasing,and the period 2010-2016 is characterized by the rapid development of patent applications.The technical features of global patents are mainly concentrated in pharmaceutical preparations,cosmetics,food and health care,various beverages,animal feed,safflower cultivation and harvesting equipment,and safflower seed oil.During the rapid development of patent applications,safflower was further developed in cosmetics,edible oil,and harvesting equipment.In addition,patent applications in rheumatism and bone diseases have increased,with the potential for development.China is the leading region for researching and developing medicinal safflower patents,especially Shandong and Henan provinces.Foreign patents are more focused on the value development of safflower seed oil in food and chemicals.Compared to the major countries and organizations that apply for safflower patents on a global scale,the quality of Chinese safflower patents is medium,and more awareness of patent protection is required.This paper provides suggestions for the subsequent development of the safflower industry,summarizes and analyzes the development trend of safflower patents,and provides new ideas to obtain innovative patent results.展开更多
Gaofang(medicated paste),also known as gaoji in Chinese,is one of the eight dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine.Originated in the Han and Tang dynasties,it is widely used in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Guan...Gaofang(medicated paste),also known as gaoji in Chinese,is one of the eight dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine.Originated in the Han and Tang dynasties,it is widely used in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Guangdong of China at present.It is generally believed that Gaofang can help reinforce deficiency,delay aging,and regulate the overall health status.Currently,Gaofang has been extensively used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.Based on the relevant literature and clinical experience,this article reviews the general situation and the clinical application of Gaofang as well as the common Chinese medicines in Gaofang for cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion is a kind of external therapy with ethnic medicine characteristics that spreads in Guangxi Zhuang region.It has a wide range of clinical application and significant curativ...Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion is a kind of external therapy with ethnic medicine characteristics that spreads in Guangxi Zhuang region.It has a wide range of clinical application and significant curative effect,and can be used to treat diseases such as internal medicine,surgery,dermatology,gynecology,pediatrics,and five sense organs.Through reviewing and combing the literature on the Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion in recent years,this paper summarizes and prospects its clinical application,with a view to further explaining the basic principles and application rules of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion and digging its clinical value.展开更多
The medicated moxa stick was made by moxa wool combining with Chinesemedicines of strengthening the body resistance and reinforcing the spleen.74 patients of spleendeficiency were treated by using the above stick at t...The medicated moxa stick was made by moxa wool combining with Chinesemedicines of strengthening the body resistance and reinforcing the spleen.74 patients of spleendeficiency were treated by using the above stick at the points as Zusanli（ST 36）,Guanyuan（CV4）,Zhongwan（CV 12）,and Xuehai（SP 10）,the other 41 patients were treated by pure moxastick as control.The results showed that the cardinal symptoms of spleen deficiency were greatlyimproved after treatment with medicated moxibustion（P【0.01）.The markedly effective rate ac-counted for 78.38％ and the total effective rate was 94.59％.It was obviously better than that ofconrol group（P【0.05）.展开更多
Observation of stilbene dropping pill and yiqi drug-containing serum influence mechanism of vascular smooth muscle proliferation， cell cycle and Cyclin D1 and CDK4Choose male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 gr...Observation of stilbene dropping pill and yiqi drug-containing serum influence mechanism of vascular smooth muscle proliferation， cell cycle and Cyclin D1 and CDK4Choose male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups， lavage qishen yiqi pill and the gastric saline group，extract the drug-containing serum and normal serum；To set the two groups of serum respectively different concentrations，concentration in different time by CCK8 detection effects on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， select best concentration and action time.Flow cytometry instrument and high-throughput screening detect serum medicated effect on vascular smooth muscle cell cycle；Western blot detect the drug-containing serum of cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression.Result is 5%， 10% medicated serum inhibits cell proliferation significantly higher than the normal serum concentrations of same within 24 h， 48 h.G1 phase cells 5% medicated serum group was obviously higher than that of 5% in normal group (P<005)， serum and cell proliferation index significantly less than 5% normal serum group (P<005)，At the same time， Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression significantly less than 5% normal serum group (P<005).Conclusion serum of qishen yiqi pill can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， may be through inhibiting cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression， block the cell cycle G1 process is closely related to the role.展开更多
Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating S...Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating Specifications for Chinese Medicated Bath”is drawn up by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital in collaboration with domestic TCM universities and hospitals.The specification includes definition,operating process,points for attention and contraindications.It is targeted to provide reference for TCM providers at home and abroad with TCM background in clinical decision-making.展开更多
Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine on insomnia rats. Methods Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a normal c...Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine on insomnia rats. Methods Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a normal control group （control group）, a sham operation group, a model group and a treatment group, with 15 rats in each group. In the model group and treatment group, insomnia model were established by injecting orexin into lateral ventricle of rats. In the sham operation group, artificial cerebrospinal fluid was injected into lateral ventricle of rats, and the rats in control group were not treated. On the basis of modeling, the rats in treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine which was conducted once a day, and the treatment lasted for 14 days. The expression of orexin mRNA and orexin content were detected, and the changes of associated receptors, including orexin 1 receptor （OX I R） and orexin 2 receptor （OX 2 R） were observed. Results The expression of orexin mRNA in model group （6.54 ± 1.21） significantly increased when compared with control group （0.66±0.12, P〈0.01）, and orexin content in model group [（i 156.35±126.88） pg/mL] significantly increased when compared with control group [（427.12_± 32.54） pg/mL, P〈O.OI]. The expression of orexin mRNA in treatment group （0.87 ± 0.26） significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈0.01）, and orexin content in the treatment group [（585.23 ± 89.21） pg/mL] significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈O.01）. The percentage of OX I R positive cells in the model group （0.64±0.15） significantly increased when compared with the control group （0.21±0.03, P〈0.01）, and the percentage of OX 2 R positive cells in the model group （0.76±0.18） significantly increased when compared with the control group （0.24±0.01, P〈O.01）. The percentage of OX 1 R positive cells in the treatment group （0.36_±0.08） significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈0.01）. The percentage of OX 2 R positive cells in treatment group （0.25_± 0.03） significantly reduced when compared with model group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion It might be an effective link of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine in treatment of insomnia that the treatment could inhibit the awakening promotion effect of orexin by affecting orexin, OX I R and OX 2 R.展开更多
Objective To observe the application of acupuncture at distal points combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders（TMD） and to evaluate its effectiveness. Meth...Objective To observe the application of acupuncture at distal points combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders（TMD） and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods A total of 120 patients with TMD were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table and random number remainder method. Sixty-two patients in acupuncture combined with cupping group（group A） were treated with acupuncture at Hég（合谷 LI 4） and Tàichōng（太冲 LR 3） combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts with Sānqī（三七 Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng） and Báizh（白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae）. Fifty-eight patients in cupping group（group B） were just treated with medicated cupping. Patients were treated for 30 min each time, once daily, and 10 times were considered as one course of treatment. After one course of treatment, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Before and after treatment, craniomandihular index（CMI）, dysfunction index（DI）, palpation index（Pl） and changes in pain degree（VAS score） were compared. Results Before and after treatment, CMI in group A were 0.27±0.02 and 0.04±0.01, respectively, and in group B were 0.29±0.02 and 0.06±0.01, respectively; PI in group A were 0.19±0.01 and 0.05±0.03, respectively, and in group B were 0.18±0.02 and 0.11±0.02, respectively; DI in group A were 0.33±0.04 and 0.06±0.02, respectively, and in group B were 0.34±0.05 and 0.11±0.04, respectively; VAS in group A were 5.39±0.24 and 2.13±0.47, respectively, and in group B were 5.70±0.31 and 3.97±0.26, respectively. After treatment, CMI, DI, PI and VAS in both groups significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment（all P0.01）, and the indices in group A were significantly lower than that in group B after treatment（all P0.05）, indicating that the difference was significant. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of acupuncture at distal points combined with cupping at adjacent points in treatment of TMD is superior to that of single medicated cupping therapy.展开更多
Objective: To explore the mechanism of Bushen Qiangji Granule(补肾强脊颗粒, BSQJ) in restraining the osteogenic differentiation of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) fibroblasts. Methods: Hip joint capsules were obtained from...Objective: To explore the mechanism of Bushen Qiangji Granule(补肾强脊颗粒, BSQJ) in restraining the osteogenic differentiation of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) fibroblasts. Methods: Hip joint capsules were obtained from AS patients(n=10) receiving total hip replacement and healthy hip joint capsules from patients with hip fracture(n=10) receiving surgery as a control. Finite fibroblast lines were established from these tissue samples to observe the effect of BSQJ on suppressing osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts. The expression of osteogenic marker gene corebinding factor a1(Cbfa1) and Smad family proteins were examined by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR). Results: The m RNA expression level of Cbfa1 was significantly higher in AS fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts and the expression of p Smad1, p Smad5, Smad4 and Cbfa1 in AS fibroblasts was also higher, demonstrating the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway in AS fibroblasts. BSQJ-medicated serum not only restrained the m RNA and protein expression levels of Cbfa1 and inhibited protein expression level of Smad4 but also decreased the expression quantities of p Smad1 and p Smad5. Conclusions: BSQJ can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts in vitro by suppressing the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway. This may be the important molecular mechanism of BSQJ in regulating AS ossification.展开更多
Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion(ZMTM)on psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,parallel controlled clinical trial was designed.A total of 241 o...Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion(ZMTM)on psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,parallel controlled clinical trial was designed.A total of 241 outpatients with psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into a control group(120 cases)and a treatment group(121 cases)using a central block randomization from June 2015 to May 2018.The control group was treated with Western medicines alone including pidotimod dispersible tablets,vitamin B compound tablets,and compound cod liver oil-zinc oxide ointment.The treatment group was treated with ZMTM every 2 days combined with Western medicines.The two groups received continuous intervention for 30 days.The primary outcome was Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI),and the secondary outcomes included Itch Rating Scale,Dermatology Quality of Life Index(DLQI),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),as well as PASI response rate.Meanwhile,adverse events were evaluated during the whole clinical trial.Follow-up was carried out 30 days after treatment.Results:There were 5 cases of shedding in this trial.In intention-to-treat analysis,236 cases were included and each group contained 118 cases.On the 30th and 60th days,PASI scores of patients in each group were significantly lower than that at baseline(P<0.01)and the PASI score reduction of the treatment group was greater than that of the control group(P<0.01).Itch Rating Scale,DLQI,and HAMA scale were decreased in both groups after treatment,and the treatment group showed a better therapeutic effect(P<0.01).The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 were significantly higher than those in the control group[81.4%(96/118),43.2%(51/118)vs.41.5%(49/118),11.0%(13/118),respectively,P<0.05].During follow-up,the improvements in scores of PASI,Itch Rating Scale,DLQI,and HAMA of the treatment group were significantly greater than those of the control group(P<0.01).The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group,respectively(both P<0.05).No obvious adverse reaction was found in either group.Conclusion:ZMTM combined with Western medicines showed a better therapeutic effect in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris without obvious adverse reaction.(Trial Registration No.ChiCTR-IOR-16008159)展开更多
Thirty-one cases of infant respiratory tract infection were treated by no-pain health-care Tuina plus medicated bath. Since the therapeutic effects were satisfactory, so parents and infants are willing to accept. Key ...Thirty-one cases of infant respiratory tract infection were treated by no-pain health-care Tuina plus medicated bath. Since the therapeutic effects were satisfactory, so parents and infants are willing to accept. Key Words Medicated Bath - Respiratory Tract Infection - Child - Tuina Massage Author: Li Jie(1961-), female, attending physicianTranslator: Wu Xue-fei展开更多
This study presents an innovative approach to enhancing the security of visual medical data in the generative AI environment through the integration of blockchain technology.By combining the strengths of blockchain an...This study presents an innovative approach to enhancing the security of visual medical data in the generative AI environment through the integration of blockchain technology.By combining the strengths of blockchain and generative AI,the research team aimed to address the timely challenge of safeguarding visual medical content.The participating researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis,examining the vulnerabilities of medical AI services,personal information protection issues,and overall security weaknesses.This multi faceted exploration led to an indepth evaluation of the model’s performance and security.Notably,the correlation between accuracy,detection rate,and error rate was scrutinized.This analysis revealed insights into the model’s strengths and limitations,while the consideration of standard deviation shed light on the model’s stability and performance variability.The study proposed practical improvements,emphasizing the reduction of false negatives to enhance detection rate and leveraging blockchain technology to ensure visual data integrity in medical applications.Applying blockchain to generative AI-created medical content addresses key personal information protection issues.By utilizing the distributed ledger system of blockchain,the research team aimed to protect the privacy and integrity of medical data especially medical images.This approach not only enhances security but also enables transparent and tamperproof record-keeping.Additionally,the use of generative AI models ensures the creation of novel medical content without compromising personal information,further safeguarding patient privacy.In conclusion,this study showcases the potential of blockchain-based solutions in the medical field,particularly in securing sensitive medical data and protecting patient privacy.The proposed approach,combining blockchain and generative AI,offers a promising direction toward more robust and secure medical content management.Further research and advancements in this area will undoubtedly contribute to the development of robust and privacy-preserving healthcare systems,and visual diagnostic systems.展开更多
Existing semi-supervisedmedical image segmentation algorithms use copy-paste data augmentation to correct the labeled-unlabeled data distribution mismatch.However,current copy-paste methods have three limitations:(1)t...Existing semi-supervisedmedical image segmentation algorithms use copy-paste data augmentation to correct the labeled-unlabeled data distribution mismatch.However,current copy-paste methods have three limitations:(1)training the model solely with copy-paste mixed pictures from labeled and unlabeled input loses a lot of labeled information;(2)low-quality pseudo-labels can cause confirmation bias in pseudo-supervised learning on unlabeled data;(3)the segmentation performance in low-contrast and local regions is less than optimal.We design a Stochastic Augmentation-Based Dual-Teaching Auxiliary Training Strategy(SADT),which enhances feature diversity and learns high-quality features to overcome these problems.To be more precise,SADT trains the Student Network by using pseudo-label-based training from Teacher Network 1 and supervised learning with labeled data,which prevents the loss of rare labeled data.We introduce a bi-directional copy-pastemask with progressive high-entropy filtering to reduce data distribution disparities and mitigate confirmation bias in pseudo-supervision.For the mixed images,Deep-Shallow Spatial Contrastive Learning(DSSCL)is proposed in the feature spaces of Teacher Network 2 and the Student Network to improve the segmentation capabilities in low-contrast and local areas.In this procedure,the features retrieved by the Student Network are subjected to a random feature perturbation technique.On two openly available datasets,extensive trials show that our proposed SADT performs much better than the state-ofthe-art semi-supervised medical segmentation techniques.Using only 10%of the labeled data for training,SADT was able to acquire a Dice score of 90.10%on the ACDC(Automatic Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge)dataset.展开更多
Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning paradigms.These applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify sp...Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning paradigms.These applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify specific flaws/diseases for diagnosis.The primary concern of ML applications is the precise selection of flexible image features for pattern detection and region classification.Most of the extracted image features are irrelevant and lead to an increase in computation time.Therefore,this article uses an analytical learning paradigm to design a Congruent Feature Selection Method to select the most relevant image features.This process trains the learning paradigm using similarity and correlation-based features over different textural intensities and pixel distributions.The similarity between the pixels over the various distribution patterns with high indexes is recommended for disease diagnosis.Later,the correlation based on intensity and distribution is analyzed to improve the feature selection congruency.Therefore,the more congruent pixels are sorted in the descending order of the selection,which identifies better regions than the distribution.Now,the learning paradigm is trained using intensity and region-based similarity to maximize the chances of selection.Therefore,the probability of feature selection,regardless of the textures and medical image patterns,is improved.This process enhances the performance of ML applications for different medical image processing.The proposed method improves the accuracy,precision,and training rate by 13.19%,10.69%,and 11.06%,respectively,compared to other models for the selected dataset.The mean error and selection time is also reduced by 12.56%and 13.56%,respectively,compared to the same models and dataset.展开更多
Accurate medical diagnosis,which involves identifying diseases based on patient symptoms,is often hindered by uncertainties in data interpretation and retrieval.Advanced fuzzy set theories have emerged as effective to...Accurate medical diagnosis,which involves identifying diseases based on patient symptoms,is often hindered by uncertainties in data interpretation and retrieval.Advanced fuzzy set theories have emerged as effective tools to address these challenges.In this paper,new mathematical approaches for handling uncertainty in medical diagnosis are introduced using q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(q-ROFS)and interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(IVq-ROFS).Three aggregation operators are proposed in our methodologies:the q-ROF weighted averaging(q-ROFWA),the q-ROF weighted geometric(q-ROFWG),and the q-ROF weighted neutrality averaging(qROFWNA),which enhance decision-making under uncertainty.These operators are paired with ranking methods such as the similarity measure,score function,and inverse score function to improve the accuracy of disease identification.Additionally,the impact of varying q-rung values is explored through a sensitivity analysis,extending the analysis beyond the typical maximum value of 3.The Basic Uncertain Information(BUI)method is employed to simulate expert opinions,and aggregation operators are used to combine these opinions in a group decisionmaking context.Our results provide a comprehensive comparison of methodologies,highlighting their strengths and limitations in diagnosing diseases based on uncertain patient data.展开更多
In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the ...In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the potential to positively influence mental health by providing monitoring,insights,and inter-ventions.However,they also come with challenges that need to be addressed.Understanding the primary purpose for which individuals use these smart tech-nologies is essential to tailoring them to specific mental health needs and prefe-rences.展开更多
The benefits of regular physical activity are well known.Yet,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary setting.To investigate the incorporat...The benefits of regular physical activity are well known.Yet,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary setting.To investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum,we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal(MSK)anatomy course material.These synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy instructor.The fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises,while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously covered.After the sessions,participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving MSK anatomy knowledge,PA levels,and mental wellbeing.Thirty participants completed surveys;a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of MSK concepts(90.0%)and activity levels(97.7%).Many(70.0%)felt that the classes helped reduce stress.The majority of respondents(90.0%)agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social connectedness.Overall,medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement MSK course concepts.Along with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours,integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material,alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat,and understanding local trends in bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective infection control and antimicrobial st...BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat,and understanding local trends in bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has introduced additional complexities,potentially influencing these patterns.AIM To analyze trends in bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex from 2018 to 2023,with a specific focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends.METHODS A retrospective analysis of microbiological data was conducted,covering the period from 2018 to 2023.The study included key bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Staphylococcus aureus,among others.The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these isolates were assessed using standard laboratory methods.To contextualize the findings,the findings were compared with similar studies from other regions,including China,India,Romania,Saudi Arabia,the United Arab Emirates,Malaysia,and United States.RESULTS The study revealed fluctuating trends in the prevalence of bacterial isolates,with notable changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.For example,a significant increase in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was observed during the pandemic years,while the prevalence of E.coli showed a more variable pattern.Antibiotic resistance rates varied among the different pathogens,with a concerning rise in resistance to commonly used antibiotics,particularly among Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli.Additionally,the study identified an alarming increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains,especially within Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli isolates.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends was evident,with shifts in the frequency,resistance patterns,and the emergence of MDR bacteria among several key pathogens.CONCLUSION This study highlights the dynamic nature of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex,particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and effective anti-microbial stewardship programs to combat the evolving threat of antibiotic resistance.Further research and policy initiatives are required to address the identified challenges and improve patient outcomes in the face of these ongoing challenges.展开更多
文摘The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)medicated bath,as an essential component of TCM therapy,possesses profound historical significance and broad application prospects.This article focuses on the research and development of the TCM medicated bath.As a form of external treatment within TCM,the medicated bath demonstrates unique efficacy and wide applicability,offering significant advantages in health management,disease prevention,and treatment.This paper analyzes the historical origins,mechanisms of action,development,clinical applications,and existing challenges of medicated baths from various perspectives.Finally,it explores future directions for TCM medicated baths,emphasizing the need for strengthened multidisciplinary cooperation,foundational research,and clinical studies to foster innovation and development.This approach aims to provide safer and more effective therapeutic options for human health.
基金Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(YCSY2022012)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Guangxi Autonomous Region(S202110600127).
文摘This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic medicine.
基金the National Famous and Old Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine([2019]No.41)The key research and development projects of Sichuan Science and Technology Plan(2020YFN0152,2021YFYZ0012-5)+1 种基金Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Xinglin Scholars"Discipline Talents Research Promotion Program(CXTD2018003,QJRC2022025)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202209).
文摘Safflower is widely cultivated and used as a dual-purpose medicinal oil worldwide.This research used the incoPat patent database to search the global safflower patents for nearly 20 years,aiming to reveal the development process and current situation of the safflower industry in China and around the world by analyzing patent application trends,patent technology characteristics,advantageous industries and regions,patent quality,etc.The analysis shows that safflower patent applications are generally increasing,and the period 2010-2016 is characterized by the rapid development of patent applications.The technical features of global patents are mainly concentrated in pharmaceutical preparations,cosmetics,food and health care,various beverages,animal feed,safflower cultivation and harvesting equipment,and safflower seed oil.During the rapid development of patent applications,safflower was further developed in cosmetics,edible oil,and harvesting equipment.In addition,patent applications in rheumatism and bone diseases have increased,with the potential for development.China is the leading region for researching and developing medicinal safflower patents,especially Shandong and Henan provinces.Foreign patents are more focused on the value development of safflower seed oil in food and chemicals.Compared to the major countries and organizations that apply for safflower patents on a global scale,the quality of Chinese safflower patents is medium,and more awareness of patent protection is required.This paper provides suggestions for the subsequent development of the safflower industry,summarizes and analyzes the development trend of safflower patents,and provides new ideas to obtain innovative patent results.
基金financed by the grants from Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Heritage Studio Construction Project(No.2020ZYGZS-002)Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Inheritance Base of Shanghai Health and Wellness Committee(No.30304118220)Chinese Medicine Research Project of Shanghai Health and Wellness Committee(No.2020YP001).
文摘Gaofang(medicated paste),also known as gaoji in Chinese,is one of the eight dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine.Originated in the Han and Tang dynasties,it is widely used in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Guangdong of China at present.It is generally believed that Gaofang can help reinforce deficiency,delay aging,and regulate the overall health status.Currently,Gaofang has been extensively used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.Based on the relevant literature and clinical experience,this article reviews the general situation and the clinical application of Gaofang as well as the common Chinese medicines in Gaofang for cardiovascular diseases.
基金"Zhuang medicine",a key discipline of traditional Chinese medicine in Guangxi(No.GZXK-Z-20-60),the project to improve the basic scientific research ability of young and middle-aged teachers in Guangxi universities(No.2020KY07023),and the scientific research project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.GXZYZ20210456).
文摘Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion is a kind of external therapy with ethnic medicine characteristics that spreads in Guangxi Zhuang region.It has a wide range of clinical application and significant curative effect,and can be used to treat diseases such as internal medicine,surgery,dermatology,gynecology,pediatrics,and five sense organs.Through reviewing and combing the literature on the Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion in recent years,this paper summarizes and prospects its clinical application,with a view to further explaining the basic principles and application rules of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion and digging its clinical value.
文摘The medicated moxa stick was made by moxa wool combining with Chinesemedicines of strengthening the body resistance and reinforcing the spleen.74 patients of spleendeficiency were treated by using the above stick at the points as Zusanli（ST 36）,Guanyuan（CV4）,Zhongwan（CV 12）,and Xuehai（SP 10）,the other 41 patients were treated by pure moxastick as control.The results showed that the cardinal symptoms of spleen deficiency were greatlyimproved after treatment with medicated moxibustion（P【0.01）.The markedly effective rate ac-counted for 78.38％ and the total effective rate was 94.59％.It was obviously better than that ofconrol group（P【0.05）.
文摘Observation of stilbene dropping pill and yiqi drug-containing serum influence mechanism of vascular smooth muscle proliferation， cell cycle and Cyclin D1 and CDK4Choose male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups， lavage qishen yiqi pill and the gastric saline group，extract the drug-containing serum and normal serum；To set the two groups of serum respectively different concentrations，concentration in different time by CCK8 detection effects on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， select best concentration and action time.Flow cytometry instrument and high-throughput screening detect serum medicated effect on vascular smooth muscle cell cycle；Western blot detect the drug-containing serum of cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression.Result is 5%， 10% medicated serum inhibits cell proliferation significantly higher than the normal serum concentrations of same within 24 h， 48 h.G1 phase cells 5% medicated serum group was obviously higher than that of 5% in normal group (P<005)， serum and cell proliferation index significantly less than 5% normal serum group (P<005)，At the same time， Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression significantly less than 5% normal serum group (P<005).Conclusion serum of qishen yiqi pill can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， may be through inhibiting cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression， block the cell cycle G1 process is closely related to the role.
基金National Key R&D Plan:Development of International Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology(No.2019YFC1712003)。
文摘Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating Specifications for Chinese Medicated Bath”is drawn up by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital in collaboration with domestic TCM universities and hospitals.The specification includes definition,operating process,points for attention and contraindications.It is targeted to provide reference for TCM providers at home and abroad with TCM background in clinical decision-making.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81360579
文摘Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine on insomnia rats. Methods Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a normal control group （control group）, a sham operation group, a model group and a treatment group, with 15 rats in each group. In the model group and treatment group, insomnia model were established by injecting orexin into lateral ventricle of rats. In the sham operation group, artificial cerebrospinal fluid was injected into lateral ventricle of rats, and the rats in control group were not treated. On the basis of modeling, the rats in treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine which was conducted once a day, and the treatment lasted for 14 days. The expression of orexin mRNA and orexin content were detected, and the changes of associated receptors, including orexin 1 receptor （OX I R） and orexin 2 receptor （OX 2 R） were observed. Results The expression of orexin mRNA in model group （6.54 ± 1.21） significantly increased when compared with control group （0.66±0.12, P〈0.01）, and orexin content in model group [（i 156.35±126.88） pg/mL] significantly increased when compared with control group [（427.12_± 32.54） pg/mL, P〈O.OI]. The expression of orexin mRNA in treatment group （0.87 ± 0.26） significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈0.01）, and orexin content in the treatment group [（585.23 ± 89.21） pg/mL] significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈O.01）. The percentage of OX I R positive cells in the model group （0.64±0.15） significantly increased when compared with the control group （0.21±0.03, P〈0.01）, and the percentage of OX 2 R positive cells in the model group （0.76±0.18） significantly increased when compared with the control group （0.24±0.01, P〈O.01）. The percentage of OX 1 R positive cells in the treatment group （0.36_±0.08） significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈0.01）. The percentage of OX 2 R positive cells in treatment group （0.25_± 0.03） significantly reduced when compared with model group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion It might be an effective link of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine in treatment of insomnia that the treatment could inhibit the awakening promotion effect of orexin by affecting orexin, OX I R and OX 2 R.
文摘Objective To observe the application of acupuncture at distal points combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders（TMD） and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods A total of 120 patients with TMD were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table and random number remainder method. Sixty-two patients in acupuncture combined with cupping group（group A） were treated with acupuncture at Hég（合谷 LI 4） and Tàichōng（太冲 LR 3） combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts with Sānqī（三七 Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng） and Báizh（白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae）. Fifty-eight patients in cupping group（group B） were just treated with medicated cupping. Patients were treated for 30 min each time, once daily, and 10 times were considered as one course of treatment. After one course of treatment, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Before and after treatment, craniomandihular index（CMI）, dysfunction index（DI）, palpation index（Pl） and changes in pain degree（VAS score） were compared. Results Before and after treatment, CMI in group A were 0.27±0.02 and 0.04±0.01, respectively, and in group B were 0.29±0.02 and 0.06±0.01, respectively; PI in group A were 0.19±0.01 and 0.05±0.03, respectively, and in group B were 0.18±0.02 and 0.11±0.02, respectively; DI in group A were 0.33±0.04 and 0.06±0.02, respectively, and in group B were 0.34±0.05 and 0.11±0.04, respectively; VAS in group A were 5.39±0.24 and 2.13±0.47, respectively, and in group B were 5.70±0.31 and 3.97±0.26, respectively. After treatment, CMI, DI, PI and VAS in both groups significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment（all P0.01）, and the indices in group A were significantly lower than that in group B after treatment（all P0.05）, indicating that the difference was significant. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of acupuncture at distal points combined with cupping at adjacent points in treatment of TMD is superior to that of single medicated cupping therapy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30472277 and No.30801507)Beijing Science and Technology Nova Program(No.713220)
文摘Objective: To explore the mechanism of Bushen Qiangji Granule(补肾强脊颗粒, BSQJ) in restraining the osteogenic differentiation of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) fibroblasts. Methods: Hip joint capsules were obtained from AS patients(n=10) receiving total hip replacement and healthy hip joint capsules from patients with hip fracture(n=10) receiving surgery as a control. Finite fibroblast lines were established from these tissue samples to observe the effect of BSQJ on suppressing osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts. The expression of osteogenic marker gene corebinding factor a1(Cbfa1) and Smad family proteins were examined by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR). Results: The m RNA expression level of Cbfa1 was significantly higher in AS fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts and the expression of p Smad1, p Smad5, Smad4 and Cbfa1 in AS fibroblasts was also higher, demonstrating the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway in AS fibroblasts. BSQJ-medicated serum not only restrained the m RNA and protein expression levels of Cbfa1 and inhibited protein expression level of Smad4 but also decreased the expression quantities of p Smad1 and p Smad5. Conclusions: BSQJ can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts in vitro by suppressing the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway. This may be the important molecular mechanism of BSQJ in regulating AS ossification.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Special Fund of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry(No.201507006)。
文摘Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion(ZMTM)on psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,parallel controlled clinical trial was designed.A total of 241 outpatients with psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into a control group(120 cases)and a treatment group(121 cases)using a central block randomization from June 2015 to May 2018.The control group was treated with Western medicines alone including pidotimod dispersible tablets,vitamin B compound tablets,and compound cod liver oil-zinc oxide ointment.The treatment group was treated with ZMTM every 2 days combined with Western medicines.The two groups received continuous intervention for 30 days.The primary outcome was Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI),and the secondary outcomes included Itch Rating Scale,Dermatology Quality of Life Index(DLQI),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),as well as PASI response rate.Meanwhile,adverse events were evaluated during the whole clinical trial.Follow-up was carried out 30 days after treatment.Results:There were 5 cases of shedding in this trial.In intention-to-treat analysis,236 cases were included and each group contained 118 cases.On the 30th and 60th days,PASI scores of patients in each group were significantly lower than that at baseline(P<0.01)and the PASI score reduction of the treatment group was greater than that of the control group(P<0.01).Itch Rating Scale,DLQI,and HAMA scale were decreased in both groups after treatment,and the treatment group showed a better therapeutic effect(P<0.01).The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 were significantly higher than those in the control group[81.4%(96/118),43.2%(51/118)vs.41.5%(49/118),11.0%(13/118),respectively,P<0.05].During follow-up,the improvements in scores of PASI,Itch Rating Scale,DLQI,and HAMA of the treatment group were significantly greater than those of the control group(P<0.01).The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group,respectively(both P<0.05).No obvious adverse reaction was found in either group.Conclusion:ZMTM combined with Western medicines showed a better therapeutic effect in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris without obvious adverse reaction.(Trial Registration No.ChiCTR-IOR-16008159)
文摘Thirty-one cases of infant respiratory tract infection were treated by no-pain health-care Tuina plus medicated bath. Since the therapeutic effects were satisfactory, so parents and infants are willing to accept. Key Words Medicated Bath - Respiratory Tract Infection - Child - Tuina Massage Author: Li Jie(1961-), female, attending physicianTranslator: Wu Xue-fei
文摘This study presents an innovative approach to enhancing the security of visual medical data in the generative AI environment through the integration of blockchain technology.By combining the strengths of blockchain and generative AI,the research team aimed to address the timely challenge of safeguarding visual medical content.The participating researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis,examining the vulnerabilities of medical AI services,personal information protection issues,and overall security weaknesses.This multi faceted exploration led to an indepth evaluation of the model’s performance and security.Notably,the correlation between accuracy,detection rate,and error rate was scrutinized.This analysis revealed insights into the model’s strengths and limitations,while the consideration of standard deviation shed light on the model’s stability and performance variability.The study proposed practical improvements,emphasizing the reduction of false negatives to enhance detection rate and leveraging blockchain technology to ensure visual data integrity in medical applications.Applying blockchain to generative AI-created medical content addresses key personal information protection issues.By utilizing the distributed ledger system of blockchain,the research team aimed to protect the privacy and integrity of medical data especially medical images.This approach not only enhances security but also enables transparent and tamperproof record-keeping.Additionally,the use of generative AI models ensures the creation of novel medical content without compromising personal information,further safeguarding patient privacy.In conclusion,this study showcases the potential of blockchain-based solutions in the medical field,particularly in securing sensitive medical data and protecting patient privacy.The proposed approach,combining blockchain and generative AI,offers a promising direction toward more robust and secure medical content management.Further research and advancements in this area will undoubtedly contribute to the development of robust and privacy-preserving healthcare systems,and visual diagnostic systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41804112,author:Chengyun Song).
文摘Existing semi-supervisedmedical image segmentation algorithms use copy-paste data augmentation to correct the labeled-unlabeled data distribution mismatch.However,current copy-paste methods have three limitations:(1)training the model solely with copy-paste mixed pictures from labeled and unlabeled input loses a lot of labeled information;(2)low-quality pseudo-labels can cause confirmation bias in pseudo-supervised learning on unlabeled data;(3)the segmentation performance in low-contrast and local regions is less than optimal.We design a Stochastic Augmentation-Based Dual-Teaching Auxiliary Training Strategy(SADT),which enhances feature diversity and learns high-quality features to overcome these problems.To be more precise,SADT trains the Student Network by using pseudo-label-based training from Teacher Network 1 and supervised learning with labeled data,which prevents the loss of rare labeled data.We introduce a bi-directional copy-pastemask with progressive high-entropy filtering to reduce data distribution disparities and mitigate confirmation bias in pseudo-supervision.For the mixed images,Deep-Shallow Spatial Contrastive Learning(DSSCL)is proposed in the feature spaces of Teacher Network 2 and the Student Network to improve the segmentation capabilities in low-contrast and local areas.In this procedure,the features retrieved by the Student Network are subjected to a random feature perturbation technique.On two openly available datasets,extensive trials show that our proposed SADT performs much better than the state-ofthe-art semi-supervised medical segmentation techniques.Using only 10%of the labeled data for training,SADT was able to acquire a Dice score of 90.10%on the ACDC(Automatic Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge)dataset.
基金the Deanship of Scientifc Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number RGP2/421/45supported via funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number(PSAU/2024/R/1446)+1 种基金supported by theResearchers Supporting Project Number(UM-DSR-IG-2023-07)Almaarefa University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2021R1F1A1055408).
文摘Machine learning(ML)is increasingly applied for medical image processing with appropriate learning paradigms.These applications include analyzing images of various organs,such as the brain,lung,eye,etc.,to identify specific flaws/diseases for diagnosis.The primary concern of ML applications is the precise selection of flexible image features for pattern detection and region classification.Most of the extracted image features are irrelevant and lead to an increase in computation time.Therefore,this article uses an analytical learning paradigm to design a Congruent Feature Selection Method to select the most relevant image features.This process trains the learning paradigm using similarity and correlation-based features over different textural intensities and pixel distributions.The similarity between the pixels over the various distribution patterns with high indexes is recommended for disease diagnosis.Later,the correlation based on intensity and distribution is analyzed to improve the feature selection congruency.Therefore,the more congruent pixels are sorted in the descending order of the selection,which identifies better regions than the distribution.Now,the learning paradigm is trained using intensity and region-based similarity to maximize the chances of selection.Therefore,the probability of feature selection,regardless of the textures and medical image patterns,is improved.This process enhances the performance of ML applications for different medical image processing.The proposed method improves the accuracy,precision,and training rate by 13.19%,10.69%,and 11.06%,respectively,compared to other models for the selected dataset.The mean error and selection time is also reduced by 12.56%and 13.56%,respectively,compared to the same models and dataset.
文摘Accurate medical diagnosis,which involves identifying diseases based on patient symptoms,is often hindered by uncertainties in data interpretation and retrieval.Advanced fuzzy set theories have emerged as effective tools to address these challenges.In this paper,new mathematical approaches for handling uncertainty in medical diagnosis are introduced using q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(q-ROFS)and interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(IVq-ROFS).Three aggregation operators are proposed in our methodologies:the q-ROF weighted averaging(q-ROFWA),the q-ROF weighted geometric(q-ROFWG),and the q-ROF weighted neutrality averaging(qROFWNA),which enhance decision-making under uncertainty.These operators are paired with ranking methods such as the similarity measure,score function,and inverse score function to improve the accuracy of disease identification.Additionally,the impact of varying q-rung values is explored through a sensitivity analysis,extending the analysis beyond the typical maximum value of 3.The Basic Uncertain Information(BUI)method is employed to simulate expert opinions,and aggregation operators are used to combine these opinions in a group decisionmaking context.Our results provide a comprehensive comparison of methodologies,highlighting their strengths and limitations in diagnosing diseases based on uncertain patient data.
文摘In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the potential to positively influence mental health by providing monitoring,insights,and inter-ventions.However,they also come with challenges that need to be addressed.Understanding the primary purpose for which individuals use these smart tech-nologies is essential to tailoring them to specific mental health needs and prefe-rences.
文摘The benefits of regular physical activity are well known.Yet,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary setting.To investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum,we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal(MSK)anatomy course material.These synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy instructor.The fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises,while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously covered.After the sessions,participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving MSK anatomy knowledge,PA levels,and mental wellbeing.Thirty participants completed surveys;a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of MSK concepts(90.0%)and activity levels(97.7%).Many(70.0%)felt that the classes helped reduce stress.The majority of respondents(90.0%)agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social connectedness.Overall,medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement MSK course concepts.Along with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours,integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material,alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.
文摘BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat,and understanding local trends in bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has introduced additional complexities,potentially influencing these patterns.AIM To analyze trends in bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex from 2018 to 2023,with a specific focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends.METHODS A retrospective analysis of microbiological data was conducted,covering the period from 2018 to 2023.The study included key bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Staphylococcus aureus,among others.The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these isolates were assessed using standard laboratory methods.To contextualize the findings,the findings were compared with similar studies from other regions,including China,India,Romania,Saudi Arabia,the United Arab Emirates,Malaysia,and United States.RESULTS The study revealed fluctuating trends in the prevalence of bacterial isolates,with notable changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.For example,a significant increase in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was observed during the pandemic years,while the prevalence of E.coli showed a more variable pattern.Antibiotic resistance rates varied among the different pathogens,with a concerning rise in resistance to commonly used antibiotics,particularly among Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli.Additionally,the study identified an alarming increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains,especially within Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli isolates.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends was evident,with shifts in the frequency,resistance patterns,and the emergence of MDR bacteria among several key pathogens.CONCLUSION This study highlights the dynamic nature of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex,particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and effective anti-microbial stewardship programs to combat the evolving threat of antibiotic resistance.Further research and policy initiatives are required to address the identified challenges and improve patient outcomes in the face of these ongoing challenges.
