AIMS To establish the prevalence of bacterial infection in cir- rhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS All 719 cirrhotic patients with HCC were investigat- ed retrospectively for the prevalence of...AIMS To establish the prevalence of bacterial infection in cir- rhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS All 719 cirrhotic patients with HCC were investigat- ed retrospectively for the prevalence of bacterial infections. RESULTS The incidence of bacterial infection was 15.4% (111/719).According to Child-Pugh classification,the inci- dences of bacterial infection in class A,B and C were 2.3%,8. 0%,and 26.4 %,respectively.The bacterial infection increased with the severity of cirrhosis and severe bacterial infections usual- ly occurred in Child-Pugh class B and C patients. CONCLUSIONS The susceptibility of HCC patients to bacterial infection is mainly due to the underlying cirrhosis and not to the HCC itself.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver disease indicates any pathology that can harm or destroy the liver or prevent it from normal functioning.The global community has recently witnessed an increase in the mortality rate due to liver dise...BACKGROUND Liver disease indicates any pathology that can harm or destroy the liver or prevent it from normal functioning.The global community has recently witnessed an increase in the mortality rate due to liver disease.This could be attributed to many factors,among which are human habits,awareness issues,poor healthcare,and late detection.To curb the growing threats from liver disease,early detection is critical to help reduce the risks and improve treatment outcome.Emerging technologies such as machine learning,as shown in this study,could be deployed to assist in enhancing its prediction and treatment.AIM To present a more efficient system for timely prediction of liver disease using a hybrid eXtreme Gradient Boosting model with hyperparameter tuning with a view to assist in early detection,diagnosis,and reduction of risks and mortality associated with the disease.METHODS The dataset used in this study consisted of 416 people with liver problems and 167 with no such history.The data were collected from the state of Andhra Pradesh,India,through https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/uciml/indian-liver-patientrecords.The population was divided into two sets depending on the disease state of the patient.This binary information was recorded in the attribute"is_patient".RESULTS The results indicated that the chi-square automated interaction detection and classification and regression trees models achieved an accuracy level of 71.36%and 73.24%,respectively,which was much better than the conventional method.The proposed solution would assist patients and physicians in tackling the problem of liver disease and ensuring that cases are detected early to prevent it from developing into cirrhosis(scarring)and to enhance the survival of patients.The study showed the potential of machine learning in health care,especially as it concerns disease prediction and monitoring.CONCLUSION This study contributed to the knowledge of machine learning application to health and to the efforts toward combating the problem of liver disease.However,relevant authorities have to invest more into machine learning research and other health technologies to maximize their potential.展开更多
AIM: To develop an animal model of liver infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) in intraperito-neally infected mice for studying the presence of chlamy-diae in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.METHODS: A tot...AIM: To develop an animal model of liver infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) in intraperito-neally infected mice for studying the presence of chlamy-diae in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.METHODS: A total of 80 BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with C. pneumoniae and sacrificed at various time points after infection. Chlamydiae were looked for in liver homogenates as well as in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes separated by liver perfusion with collagenase. C. pneumoniae was detected by both isola-tion in LLC-MK2 cells and fluorescence in situ hybridiza-tion (FISH). The releasing of TNFA-α by C. pneumoniae in vitro stimulated Kupffer cells was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: C. pneumoniae isolation from liver homoge-nates reached a plateau on d 7 after infection when 6 of 10 animals were positive, then decreased, and became negative by d 20. C. pneumoniae isolation from sepa-rated Kupffer cells reached a plateau on d 7 when 5 of 10 animals were positive, and became negative by d 20. The detection of C. pneumoniae in separated Kupffer cells by FISH, confirmed the results obtained by culture. Isolated hepatocytes were always negative. Stimula-tion of Kupffer cells by alive C. pneumoniae elicited high TNF-α levels. CONCLUSION: A productive infection by C. pneumo-niae may take place in Kupffer cells and C. pneumoniae induces a local pro-inflammatory activity. C. pneumoniae is therefore, able to act as antigenic stimulus when local-ized in the liver. One could speculate that C. pneumoniaeinfection, involving cells of the innate immunity such as Kupffer cells, could also trigger pathological immune re-actions involving the liver, as observed in human patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.展开更多
AIM： To clarify possible contributions of DNA mismatch repair （MMR） system in carcinogenesis of liver fluke infection-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） by using immunohistochemical assay. METHODS：...AIM： To clarify possible contributions of DNA mismatch repair （MMR） system in carcinogenesis of liver fluke infection-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） by using immunohistochemical assay. METHODS： A total of 29 ICC samples, which had been assessed for genomic instability by a PCR-based method, were used for study. They were examined immunohistochemically to demonstrate protein expression of two MMR genes, hMSH2 and hMLH1. Results obtained were compared with their mutator phenotype assessed previously. RESULTS： Either hMSH2 or hMLH1 protein was obviously expressed in 28 of 29 （96.6%） ICC samples. Positive nuclear localization of hMSH2 or hMLH1 protein was observed in 86.2% （25/29） or 93.1% （27/29） ICC cases, respectively, while their negative nuclear reactivity was only detected in 13.8% （4/29） or 6.9% （2/29） ICC cases analyzed, respectively. CONCLUSION： Our study, probably for the first time, showed through immunohistochemical detection of hMSH2 and hMLH1 gene that DNA MMR system does not play a prominent role in liver fluke infection-associatedcholangiocarcinogenesis. These results confirm previous findings on mutational status of these genes assessed through a PCR-based method. The immunohistochemical analysis has proven to be an effective and sensitive approach for screening MMR deficiency regardless of somatic inactivation or promoter hypermethylation of hMSH2 and/or hMLH1 gene. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry is more advantageous compared to mutator phenotyping assay in terms of simplicity, less time consuming and cost effectiveness for screening possible involvements of target MMR genes in tumorigenesis.展开更多
Objective To explore the dynamic changes of the cellular immune function in severe infection after liver transplantation,and to guide the individualized immunology adjustment. Methods 378 cases of liver transplantatio...Objective To explore the dynamic changes of the cellular immune function in severe infection after liver transplantation,and to guide the individualized immunology adjustment. Methods 378 cases of liver transplantation were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy - four cases ( infection group) suffered serious infection,including 54 cases cured ( cure group) ,20 cases died (展开更多
AIM To identify the potential risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, we determined the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients among 5 different regions of Thailand. METHODS All patients diagnosed with cholangioca...AIM To identify the potential risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, we determined the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients among 5 different regions of Thailand. METHODS All patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma between 2008 and 2013 were identified using the Nationwide Hospital Admission Data registry(n = 39421). Baseline characteristics, comorbidities and survival were abstracted. RESULTS The annual incidence during the study period was stable in all regions. Most patients lived in the Northeast(62.8%), followed by the North(16.9%), Central(12.3%), Bangkok(5.4%), and South(n = 2.6%) regions(P < 0.0001). Significantly more cholangiocarcinoma patients had diabetes, cirrhosis, and chronic viral hepatitis B/C infection than noncholangiocarcinoma participants(diabetes: 11.42% vs 5.28%; cirrhosis: 4.81% vs 0.92%; hepatitis B: 0.74% vs 0.12%; and hepatitis C: 0.50% vs 0.10%, P < 0.0001 for all, respectively). The overall 1-year mortality rate was 81.7%, with a stable trend over time. CONCLUSION Diabetes and chronic liver diseases may be associated with cholangiocarcinoma in the Thai population.展开更多
γδ T cells display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and can rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Different subtypes of γδ T cells are produced in the...γδ T cells display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and can rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Different subtypes of γδ T cells are produced in the thymus prior to their migration to peripheral tissues, γδ T cells are enriched in the liver and exhibit liver-specific features. Accumulating evidence reveals that γδ T cells play important roles in liver infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and fiver cancer and regeneration. In this study, we review the properties of hepatic γδ T cells and summarize the roles of γδ T cells in liver diseases. We believe that determining the properties and functions of γδ T cells in liver diseases enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver diseases and is useful for the design of novel γδ T cell-based therapeutic regimens for liver diseases.展开更多
Pyogenic liver abscess and keratitis are aggressive bacterial infections and the treatment has failed to eradicate bacteria in infectious sites completely owing to the currently severe drug resistance to existing anti...Pyogenic liver abscess and keratitis are aggressive bacterial infections and the treatment has failed to eradicate bacteria in infectious sites completely owing to the currently severe drug resistance to existing antibiotics.Here,we report a simple and efficient one-step development of ultrasmall non-antibiotic nanoparticles(ICG-Ga NPs)containing clinically approved gallium(Ⅲ)(Ga^(3+))and liver targeting indocyanine green(ICG)molecules to eradicate multi-drug resistant(MDR)bacteria thought the synergetic effect of photodynamic therapy and iron metabolism blocking.The ICG-Ga NPs induced photodynamic effect could destroy the bacterial membrane,further boost the endocytosis of Ga^(3+),then replace iron in bacteria cells to disrupt bacterial iron metabolism,and demonstrate the synergetic bacterial killing and biofilm disrupting effects.The ICG-Ga NPs show an excellent therapeutic effect against extended spectrumβ-lactamases Escherichia coli(ESBL E.coli)and significantly improve treatment outcomes in infected liver abscess and keratitis.Meanwhile,the ultrasmall size of ICG-Ga NPs could be cleared rapid via renal clearance route,guaranteeing the biocompatibility.The protective effect and good biocompatibility of ICG-Ga NPs will facilitate clinical treatment of bacteria infected diseases and enable the development of next-generation non-antibiotic antibacterial agents.展开更多
Background The direct reliance of humans on and their interactions with freshwater ecosystems in the Lower Mekong Basin have given rise to parasitic infections,which is particularly prevalent in Northeast Thailand whe...Background The direct reliance of humans on and their interactions with freshwater ecosystems in the Lower Mekong Basin have given rise to parasitic infections,which is particularly prevalent in Northeast Thailand where raw fish consumption is practiced.This study examined the interactions between environments,ecosystem(dis-)services,human raw fish consumption habits,and raw fish dish sharing on liver fluke infection risk.Method Water fecal contents and the first intermediate snail host were sampled between June and September of 2019.One hundred twenty questionnaires were surveyed in two villages of different environmental surroundings,one next to a river and the other located inland,in Northeast Thailand.Multivariate regression analyses using linear mixed effect models assessed the influence of social,behavioral and perceptual factors on raw fish consumption frequency,willingness to avoid consumption and liver fluke infection status.Social network analysis compared the degree of raw fish dish sharing between the villages and assessed the probable influence of connections to fish procurement locations and sharing activities on liver fluke infection risk.Results High abundance of the first intermediate snail host and presence of fecal contamination in water could endanger both villages to ecosystem disservices of parasitic transmission.The river-side village relied more on provisioning ecosystem services than the inland village(29.7%vs.16.1%of villages)to consume raw fish as their main source of protein.Males in both villages(64.5 and 40.4 days/year for the respective villages)are also likely to consume koi pla and pla som,higher risk fish dishes,more frequently than females(4.1 and 4.3 days/year for the respective villages).The consumption habits of both villages were driven mostly by deriving cultural ecosystem services.Participation in raw fish dish sharing activities significantly reduced the odds of an individual being willing to avoid the consumption(Odds ratio=0.19).Network analysis suggested that river-side villagers had a more direct raw fish dish sharing interaction and they procured fish from multiple locations;these characteristics might potentially account for more liver fluke infected households in the village.Conclusion Villagers’raw fish consumption is driven by deriving cultural ecosystem services,and the geographic settings of the villages potentially affect villagers’fish procurement locations and infection risk.The findings underscore the linkages between villagers and their surrounding ecosystem environments as pertinent determinants for foodborne parasitic disease risk.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver injury in pa-tients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Understanding the mechanisms of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for addressing COVID-19–related liver pathology and developing targeted therapies.This editorial discusses the signi-ficance of ACE2 in hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,drawing on the research by Jacobs et al.Their findings indicate that hepatic ACE2 expression,frequency of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,and severity of liver injury are elevated in patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases.These data suggest that hepatic ACE2 could be a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19.展开更多
文摘AIMS To establish the prevalence of bacterial infection in cir- rhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS All 719 cirrhotic patients with HCC were investigat- ed retrospectively for the prevalence of bacterial infections. RESULTS The incidence of bacterial infection was 15.4% (111/719).According to Child-Pugh classification,the inci- dences of bacterial infection in class A,B and C were 2.3%,8. 0%,and 26.4 %,respectively.The bacterial infection increased with the severity of cirrhosis and severe bacterial infections usual- ly occurred in Child-Pugh class B and C patients. CONCLUSIONS The susceptibility of HCC patients to bacterial infection is mainly due to the underlying cirrhosis and not to the HCC itself.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver disease indicates any pathology that can harm or destroy the liver or prevent it from normal functioning.The global community has recently witnessed an increase in the mortality rate due to liver disease.This could be attributed to many factors,among which are human habits,awareness issues,poor healthcare,and late detection.To curb the growing threats from liver disease,early detection is critical to help reduce the risks and improve treatment outcome.Emerging technologies such as machine learning,as shown in this study,could be deployed to assist in enhancing its prediction and treatment.AIM To present a more efficient system for timely prediction of liver disease using a hybrid eXtreme Gradient Boosting model with hyperparameter tuning with a view to assist in early detection,diagnosis,and reduction of risks and mortality associated with the disease.METHODS The dataset used in this study consisted of 416 people with liver problems and 167 with no such history.The data were collected from the state of Andhra Pradesh,India,through https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/uciml/indian-liver-patientrecords.The population was divided into two sets depending on the disease state of the patient.This binary information was recorded in the attribute"is_patient".RESULTS The results indicated that the chi-square automated interaction detection and classification and regression trees models achieved an accuracy level of 71.36%and 73.24%,respectively,which was much better than the conventional method.The proposed solution would assist patients and physicians in tackling the problem of liver disease and ensuring that cases are detected early to prevent it from developing into cirrhosis(scarring)and to enhance the survival of patients.The study showed the potential of machine learning in health care,especially as it concerns disease prediction and monitoring.CONCLUSION This study contributed to the knowledge of machine learning application to health and to the efforts toward combating the problem of liver disease.However,relevant authorities have to invest more into machine learning research and other health technologies to maximize their potential.
文摘AIM: To develop an animal model of liver infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) in intraperito-neally infected mice for studying the presence of chlamy-diae in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.METHODS: A total of 80 BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with C. pneumoniae and sacrificed at various time points after infection. Chlamydiae were looked for in liver homogenates as well as in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes separated by liver perfusion with collagenase. C. pneumoniae was detected by both isola-tion in LLC-MK2 cells and fluorescence in situ hybridiza-tion (FISH). The releasing of TNFA-α by C. pneumoniae in vitro stimulated Kupffer cells was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: C. pneumoniae isolation from liver homoge-nates reached a plateau on d 7 after infection when 6 of 10 animals were positive, then decreased, and became negative by d 20. C. pneumoniae isolation from sepa-rated Kupffer cells reached a plateau on d 7 when 5 of 10 animals were positive, and became negative by d 20. The detection of C. pneumoniae in separated Kupffer cells by FISH, confirmed the results obtained by culture. Isolated hepatocytes were always negative. Stimula-tion of Kupffer cells by alive C. pneumoniae elicited high TNF-α levels. CONCLUSION: A productive infection by C. pneumo-niae may take place in Kupffer cells and C. pneumoniae induces a local pro-inflammatory activity. C. pneumoniae is therefore, able to act as antigenic stimulus when local-ized in the liver. One could speculate that C. pneumoniaeinfection, involving cells of the innate immunity such as Kupffer cells, could also trigger pathological immune re-actions involving the liver, as observed in human patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
基金Supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,Science and Technology of Japan
文摘AIM： To clarify possible contributions of DNA mismatch repair （MMR） system in carcinogenesis of liver fluke infection-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC） by using immunohistochemical assay. METHODS： A total of 29 ICC samples, which had been assessed for genomic instability by a PCR-based method, were used for study. They were examined immunohistochemically to demonstrate protein expression of two MMR genes, hMSH2 and hMLH1. Results obtained were compared with their mutator phenotype assessed previously. RESULTS： Either hMSH2 or hMLH1 protein was obviously expressed in 28 of 29 （96.6%） ICC samples. Positive nuclear localization of hMSH2 or hMLH1 protein was observed in 86.2% （25/29） or 93.1% （27/29） ICC cases, respectively, while their negative nuclear reactivity was only detected in 13.8% （4/29） or 6.9% （2/29） ICC cases analyzed, respectively. CONCLUSION： Our study, probably for the first time, showed through immunohistochemical detection of hMSH2 and hMLH1 gene that DNA MMR system does not play a prominent role in liver fluke infection-associatedcholangiocarcinogenesis. These results confirm previous findings on mutational status of these genes assessed through a PCR-based method. The immunohistochemical analysis has proven to be an effective and sensitive approach for screening MMR deficiency regardless of somatic inactivation or promoter hypermethylation of hMSH2 and/or hMLH1 gene. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry is more advantageous compared to mutator phenotyping assay in terms of simplicity, less time consuming and cost effectiveness for screening possible involvements of target MMR genes in tumorigenesis.
文摘Objective To explore the dynamic changes of the cellular immune function in severe infection after liver transplantation,and to guide the individualized immunology adjustment. Methods 378 cases of liver transplantation were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy - four cases ( infection group) suffered serious infection,including 54 cases cured ( cure group) ,20 cases died (
基金Supported by Gastroenterological Association of Thailand(GAT)the Division of Gastroenterology,Department of Medicine,Chulalongkorn Universitythe Department of Medicine,Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok,Thailand
文摘AIM To identify the potential risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, we determined the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients among 5 different regions of Thailand. METHODS All patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma between 2008 and 2013 were identified using the Nationwide Hospital Admission Data registry(n = 39421). Baseline characteristics, comorbidities and survival were abstracted. RESULTS The annual incidence during the study period was stable in all regions. Most patients lived in the Northeast(62.8%), followed by the North(16.9%), Central(12.3%), Bangkok(5.4%), and South(n = 2.6%) regions(P < 0.0001). Significantly more cholangiocarcinoma patients had diabetes, cirrhosis, and chronic viral hepatitis B/C infection than noncholangiocarcinoma participants(diabetes: 11.42% vs 5.28%; cirrhosis: 4.81% vs 0.92%; hepatitis B: 0.74% vs 0.12%; and hepatitis C: 0.50% vs 0.10%, P < 0.0001 for all, respectively). The overall 1-year mortality rate was 81.7%, with a stable trend over time. CONCLUSION Diabetes and chronic liver diseases may be associated with cholangiocarcinoma in the Thai population.
基金This work was supported by the Anhui Natural Science Foundation （No. 1708085QH183）, Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 81302863, 31390433, and 91542000）, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （973 Program, No. 2013CB944902）.
文摘γδ T cells display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and can rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Different subtypes of γδ T cells are produced in the thymus prior to their migration to peripheral tissues, γδ T cells are enriched in the liver and exhibit liver-specific features. Accumulating evidence reveals that γδ T cells play important roles in liver infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and fiver cancer and regeneration. In this study, we review the properties of hepatic γδ T cells and summarize the roles of γδ T cells in liver diseases. We believe that determining the properties and functions of γδ T cells in liver diseases enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver diseases and is useful for the design of novel γδ T cell-based therapeutic regimens for liver diseases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81971667 and 81671748 and)the Key Research and Development Projection of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C03035).
文摘Pyogenic liver abscess and keratitis are aggressive bacterial infections and the treatment has failed to eradicate bacteria in infectious sites completely owing to the currently severe drug resistance to existing antibiotics.Here,we report a simple and efficient one-step development of ultrasmall non-antibiotic nanoparticles(ICG-Ga NPs)containing clinically approved gallium(Ⅲ)(Ga^(3+))and liver targeting indocyanine green(ICG)molecules to eradicate multi-drug resistant(MDR)bacteria thought the synergetic effect of photodynamic therapy and iron metabolism blocking.The ICG-Ga NPs induced photodynamic effect could destroy the bacterial membrane,further boost the endocytosis of Ga^(3+),then replace iron in bacteria cells to disrupt bacterial iron metabolism,and demonstrate the synergetic bacterial killing and biofilm disrupting effects.The ICG-Ga NPs show an excellent therapeutic effect against extended spectrumβ-lactamases Escherichia coli(ESBL E.coli)and significantly improve treatment outcomes in infected liver abscess and keratitis.Meanwhile,the ultrasmall size of ICG-Ga NPs could be cleared rapid via renal clearance route,guaranteeing the biocompatibility.The protective effect and good biocompatibility of ICG-Ga NPs will facilitate clinical treatment of bacteria infected diseases and enable the development of next-generation non-antibiotic antibacterial agents.
文摘Background The direct reliance of humans on and their interactions with freshwater ecosystems in the Lower Mekong Basin have given rise to parasitic infections,which is particularly prevalent in Northeast Thailand where raw fish consumption is practiced.This study examined the interactions between environments,ecosystem(dis-)services,human raw fish consumption habits,and raw fish dish sharing on liver fluke infection risk.Method Water fecal contents and the first intermediate snail host were sampled between June and September of 2019.One hundred twenty questionnaires were surveyed in two villages of different environmental surroundings,one next to a river and the other located inland,in Northeast Thailand.Multivariate regression analyses using linear mixed effect models assessed the influence of social,behavioral and perceptual factors on raw fish consumption frequency,willingness to avoid consumption and liver fluke infection status.Social network analysis compared the degree of raw fish dish sharing between the villages and assessed the probable influence of connections to fish procurement locations and sharing activities on liver fluke infection risk.Results High abundance of the first intermediate snail host and presence of fecal contamination in water could endanger both villages to ecosystem disservices of parasitic transmission.The river-side village relied more on provisioning ecosystem services than the inland village(29.7%vs.16.1%of villages)to consume raw fish as their main source of protein.Males in both villages(64.5 and 40.4 days/year for the respective villages)are also likely to consume koi pla and pla som,higher risk fish dishes,more frequently than females(4.1 and 4.3 days/year for the respective villages).The consumption habits of both villages were driven mostly by deriving cultural ecosystem services.Participation in raw fish dish sharing activities significantly reduced the odds of an individual being willing to avoid the consumption(Odds ratio=0.19).Network analysis suggested that river-side villagers had a more direct raw fish dish sharing interaction and they procured fish from multiple locations;these characteristics might potentially account for more liver fluke infected households in the village.Conclusion Villagers’raw fish consumption is driven by deriving cultural ecosystem services,and the geographic settings of the villages potentially affect villagers’fish procurement locations and infection risk.The findings underscore the linkages between villagers and their surrounding ecosystem environments as pertinent determinants for foodborne parasitic disease risk.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82172915,No.81972648,and No.81773011Chongqing Medical University Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,No.W0084+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chongqing Medical Universityand Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-BHX0134.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)enters host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor.Mounting evidence has indicated the presence of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and liver injury in pa-tients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Understanding the mechanisms of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for addressing COVID-19–related liver pathology and developing targeted therapies.This editorial discusses the signi-ficance of ACE2 in hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,drawing on the research by Jacobs et al.Their findings indicate that hepatic ACE2 expression,frequency of hepatic SARS-CoV-2 infection,and severity of liver injury are elevated in patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases.These data suggest that hepatic ACE2 could be a promising therapeutic target for COVID-19.
