BACKGROUND The most important factors affecting attitudes on organ donation are socioeconomic, educational, cultural, and religious factors in many countries.AIM To evaluate the attitudes, awareness, and knowledge lev...BACKGROUND The most important factors affecting attitudes on organ donation are socioeconomic, educational, cultural, and religious factors in many countries.AIM To evaluate the attitudes, awareness, and knowledge levels of the Turkish adult population toward organ donation.METHODS This nationwide study surveyed 3000 adults(≥ 18 years) in Turkey. To ensure a representative sample, the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-Ⅱ(modified for Turkey) was used. Turkey was divided into 26 regions based on social, economic, and geographic criteria as identified by the Turkish Statistical Institute. A stratified sampling method was used with an even distribution of adults across cities and towns based on population data. Data were collected by the PRP Research and Consultancy Company using computer-assisted personal interviews.RESULTS Out of 3000 individuals represented in the study population, 1465(48.8%) were male and 1535(51.2%) female. The results showed that most participants were under 45 years(59.0%) and married(72.1%), some had a bachelor’s degree or higher(21.9%), and very few(1.5%) had any direct experience with organ transplantation-whether in the family, or a family member on a transplantation waiting list. Most of the study population(88.3%) had not considered donating an organ, however, most(87.9%) said that they would accept an organ from a donor if they needed one. Among the individuals surveyed, 67% were willing to donate an organ to a close relative, while 26.8% would donate an organ to an unrelated person. Only 47.2% said they had adequate information about brain death, and 85.2% refused to consent to donating organs of family members declared brain dead. Only 33.9% thought they had adequate information about organ donation. The main source of information was the television. The two main reasons for refusing organ donation were that it was too soon to think about organ donation and the importance of retaining the integrity of the dead person’s body.CONCLUSION This study showed that Turkey’s adult population has inadequate knowledge about organ donation. The study advocates for public education programs to increase awareness among the general population about legislation related to organ donation.展开更多
Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of optimizing details in the operating room on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital infection prevention and control by surgeons, as well as the e...Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of optimizing details in the operating room on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital infection prevention and control by surgeons, as well as the effectiveness of infection control. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2023, a total of 120 patients were screened and randomly divided into a control group (routine care and hospital infection management) and a study group (optimizing details in the operating room). Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in the data of surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, infection rates, and nursing satisfaction, with the study group showing better results (P Conclusion: The use of optimizing details in the operating room among surgeons can effectively improve surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, reduce infection occurrence, and is worth promoting.展开更多
This study aimed to first assess knowledge levels of the farmers in the use of manure, fertilizer and combinations of manure and fertilizer and secondly to identify the socioeconomic factors influencing the levels of ...This study aimed to first assess knowledge levels of the farmers in the use of manure, fertilizer and combinations of manure and fertilizer and secondly to identify the socioeconomic factors influencing the levels of knowledge in the use of animal manure, inorganic fertilizers and combination of animal manure and inorganic fertilizers in Meru South, Maara and Mbeere South districts of the central highlands of Kenya. Data were collected from a random sample of 300 households through face to face interviews using an interview schedule. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. Results showed that 75% and 73% of the respondents had high levels of knowledge in use of manure and fertilizers, respectively, while 43% of the respondents had moderate levels of knowledge in the use of manure ＋ fertilizers. Age of the household head （HHH） training in the use of animal manure and group membership significantly influenced household levels of knowledge in use of animal manure. In regard to levels of knowledge on fertilizer use, group membership, age of the HHH and total farm size were important explanatory variables while gender of the HHH, household size, training on manure ＋ fertilizers, group membership and total farm size were important in influencing the levels of knowledge in use of manure ＋ fertilizers. The implication of these results is that training and belonging to a group enhances level of knowledge on soil fertility management and development, so workers should focus on these two aspects.展开更多
This study examines perceptions of climate change and sea level rise in New Jersey residents in 2012 and 2014. Different surveys have shown declines in interest and concern about climate change and sea level rise. Cli...This study examines perceptions of climate change and sea level rise in New Jersey residents in 2012 and 2014. Different surveys have shown declines in interest and concern about climate change and sea level rise. Climate change and increasing temperatures have an anthropogenic cause, which relates to energy use, making it important to examine whether people believe that it is occurring. In late 2012 New Jersey experienced Super storm Sandy, one of the worst hurricanes in its history, followed by public discussion and media coverage of stronger more frequent storms due to climate change. Using structured interviews, we tested the null hypotheses that there were no differences in perceptions of 1260 interviewees as a function of year of the survey, age, gender, years of education, and self-evaluation of science knowledge (on a scale of 1 to 5). In 2012 460 of 639 (72%) rated “global warming occurring” as “certain” (#4) or “very certain” (#5) compared with 453 of 621 (73%) in 2014. For “due to human activities” the numbers of “certain” or “very certain” were 71% in 2012, and 67% in 2014 and for sea level rise the numbers were 64% and 70%. There were some inconsistent between-year differences with higher ratings in 2012 for 3 outcomes and higher ratings in 2014 for 5 outcomes. However, for 25 questions relative to climate change, sea level rise, and the personal and ecological effects of sea level rise, self-evaluation of science knowledge, independent of years of education, was the factor that entered 23 of the models, accounting for the most variability in ratings. People who believed they had a “high knowledge” (#4) or “very high knowledge” (#5) of science rated all issues as more important than did those people who rated their own scientific knowledge as average or below average.展开更多
The aim of study was to evaluate knowledge of DFC （dementia-friendly city） in Slovenian population and correlate these findings regarding on status of informal carers of PWD （people with dementia） or noncarers. Qu...The aim of study was to evaluate knowledge of DFC （dementia-friendly city） in Slovenian population and correlate these findings regarding on status of informal carers of PWD （people with dementia） or noncarers. Questionnaire with 5 demographic and 6 dementia knowledge items, and one DFC knowledge item was sent to first 100 email adult users from first author’s adressess list. During June and October 2013 we managed to obtain 57 filled-out by 17 informal carers （29.8%）, and 40 noncarers （70.2%）. Categorical data were compared by chi2 analysis, and p-value 〈 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Differences in responses between informal carers and noncarers are shown in order of significance： （a） in DFC all people know about dementia, understand PWD, and respond with affection and reassurance （64.7% vs. 22.5%; chi2 7.439; p 〈 0.01）; and （b） PWD have opportunity to meet friends and socialize and to take part in singing, walking, and education in DFC （35.3% vs. 7.5%; chi2 4.932; p 〈 0.05）. Efforts to improve public education and to raise awareness on dementia at local and national level should be expanded to boost people in early stages of dementia to be active citizens.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of targeted care for children with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia(IDA).Methods:A total of 88 children with IDA admitted to the hospital from November 2021 to November 2023...Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of targeted care for children with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia(IDA).Methods:A total of 88 children with IDA admitted to the hospital from November 2021 to November 2023 were selected(each child included one accompanying family member).Using a random number table,the participants were divided into two groups:the observation group,which received targeted nursing care,and the reference group,which received standard nursing care.The anemia correction rate,nutritional indicators,and family knowledge level were compared.Results:The anemia correction rate in the observation group was higher than in the reference group,with post-nursing nutritional indicators superior to those in the reference group.Additionally,family members in the observation group had a higher level of knowledge(P<0.05).Conclusion:Targeted nursing can effectively correct anemia symptoms in children with IDA,improve nutritional indicators,and increase family members’knowledge,demonstrating high nursing effectiveness.展开更多
Objective To assess the effects of fostering interventions on the infants and their families through the community. Methods A total of 309 infants born on 1st August, 2003 to 30th August, 2004 and their families were ...Objective To assess the effects of fostering interventions on the infants and their families through the community. Methods A total of 309 infants born on 1st August, 2003 to 30th August, 2004 and their families were recruited as participants by cluster sampling in Longhua and Kantian sub-districts of Xuhui district, Shanghai. The newborns were randomly assigned to intervention group （156 cases） and control group （153 cases）. The infants and their families will be followed up during 3-year interventions. Results After 6 months＇ intervention, the proportion of infants who could turn over the body in the intervention group （88.46%） was higher than that in control group （75.16%）. The morbidity of upper-respiratory tract infection in intervention group （20.51%） was significantly lower than that in control group （32.68%）. The incidence rates of pneumonia, diarrhea and anemia in intervention group were all lower than that in control group, except for pneumonia, the differences were not significant. Both of the knowledge about how to foster infants and service utility in intervention group were higher than that in control group. Conclusion The fostering interventions through the community promote the prevention and control of infants disease, increase the knowledge level and service util ity of families.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance(PV)is the activities and scientific studies conducted to detect,evaluate,understand or prevent adverse reactions and other drug-related problems.AIM To define the awareness and experiences...BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance(PV)is the activities and scientific studies conducted to detect,evaluate,understand or prevent adverse reactions and other drug-related problems.AIM To define the awareness and experiences of the clinicians on PV and adverse drug reactions(ADRs)in Turkey.METHODS The study was cross-sectional and analytical.Data were obtained through a questionnaire.The questionnaire was sent via e-mail.The survey was sent to 2030 physicians and 670 participated.RESULTS The most appropriate definition of PV was correctly defined by 53.9%of the participants.The most important goal of PV was correctly defined by 54.9%of the participants,and 27.3%of the participants were aware of the Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center.Nonsurgical physicians had better PV knowledge than surgical physicians.A total of 80.9%of the physicians who encountered ADRs,filled in the ADR notification form,and 8.8%received training on how to fill in the form.PV knowledge of the clinicians was not sufficient.Although half of the physicians encountered ADRs,the rates of seeing and filling in the ADR form were low.CONCLUSION Few of the physicians followed the current information about PV.The results provide more comprehensive data on PV practices and ADR reporting at a national level.展开更多
Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements...Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements in Information and Communication Technology have eased learner connectivity online and enabled access to an extensive range of learning materials on the World Wide Web.Post covid-19 pandemic,online learning has become the most essential and inevitable medium of learning in primary,secondary and higher education.In recent times,Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)have transformed the current education strategy by offering a technology-rich and flexible form of online learning.A key component to assess the learner’s progress and effectiveness of online teaching is the Multiple Choice Question(MCQ)assessment in most of the MOOC courses.Uncertainty exists on the reliability and validity of the assessment component as it raises a qualm whether the real knowledge acquisition level reflects upon the assessment score.This is due to the possibility of random and smart guesses,learners can attempt,as MCQ assessments are more vulnerable than essay type assessments.This paper presents the architecture,development,evaluation of the I-Quiz system,an intelligent assessment tool,which captures and analyses both the implicit and explicit non-verbal behaviour of learner and provides insights about the learner’s real knowledge acquisition level.The I-Quiz system uses an innovative way to analyse the learner non-verbal behaviour and trains the agent using machine learning techniques.The intelligent agent in the system evaluates and predicts the real knowledge acquisition level of learners.A total of 500 undergraduate engineering students were asked to attend an on-Screen MCQ assessment test using the I-Quiz system comprising 20 multiple choice questions related to advanced C programming.The non-verbal behaviour of the learner is recorded using a front-facing camera during the entire assessment period.The resultant dataset of non-verbal behaviour and question-answer scores is used to train the random forest classifier model to predict the real knowledge acquisition level of the learner.The trained model after hyperparameter tuning and cross validation achieved a normalized prediction accuracy of 85.68%.展开更多
基金Supported by Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit,No.2018/976.
文摘BACKGROUND The most important factors affecting attitudes on organ donation are socioeconomic, educational, cultural, and religious factors in many countries.AIM To evaluate the attitudes, awareness, and knowledge levels of the Turkish adult population toward organ donation.METHODS This nationwide study surveyed 3000 adults(≥ 18 years) in Turkey. To ensure a representative sample, the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-Ⅱ(modified for Turkey) was used. Turkey was divided into 26 regions based on social, economic, and geographic criteria as identified by the Turkish Statistical Institute. A stratified sampling method was used with an even distribution of adults across cities and towns based on population data. Data were collected by the PRP Research and Consultancy Company using computer-assisted personal interviews.RESULTS Out of 3000 individuals represented in the study population, 1465(48.8%) were male and 1535(51.2%) female. The results showed that most participants were under 45 years(59.0%) and married(72.1%), some had a bachelor’s degree or higher(21.9%), and very few(1.5%) had any direct experience with organ transplantation-whether in the family, or a family member on a transplantation waiting list. Most of the study population(88.3%) had not considered donating an organ, however, most(87.9%) said that they would accept an organ from a donor if they needed one. Among the individuals surveyed, 67% were willing to donate an organ to a close relative, while 26.8% would donate an organ to an unrelated person. Only 47.2% said they had adequate information about brain death, and 85.2% refused to consent to donating organs of family members declared brain dead. Only 33.9% thought they had adequate information about organ donation. The main source of information was the television. The two main reasons for refusing organ donation were that it was too soon to think about organ donation and the importance of retaining the integrity of the dead person’s body.CONCLUSION This study showed that Turkey’s adult population has inadequate knowledge about organ donation. The study advocates for public education programs to increase awareness among the general population about legislation related to organ donation.
文摘Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of optimizing details in the operating room on the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of hospital infection prevention and control by surgeons, as well as the effectiveness of infection control. Methods: From January 2022 to June 2023, a total of 120 patients were screened and randomly divided into a control group (routine care and hospital infection management) and a study group (optimizing details in the operating room). Results: Significant differences were found between the two groups in the data of surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, infection rates, and nursing satisfaction, with the study group showing better results (P Conclusion: The use of optimizing details in the operating room among surgeons can effectively improve surgeons’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in hospital infection prevention and control, reduce infection occurrence, and is worth promoting.
文摘This study aimed to first assess knowledge levels of the farmers in the use of manure, fertilizer and combinations of manure and fertilizer and secondly to identify the socioeconomic factors influencing the levels of knowledge in the use of animal manure, inorganic fertilizers and combination of animal manure and inorganic fertilizers in Meru South, Maara and Mbeere South districts of the central highlands of Kenya. Data were collected from a random sample of 300 households through face to face interviews using an interview schedule. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. Results showed that 75% and 73% of the respondents had high levels of knowledge in use of manure and fertilizers, respectively, while 43% of the respondents had moderate levels of knowledge in the use of manure ＋ fertilizers. Age of the household head （HHH） training in the use of animal manure and group membership significantly influenced household levels of knowledge in use of animal manure. In regard to levels of knowledge on fertilizer use, group membership, age of the HHH and total farm size were important explanatory variables while gender of the HHH, household size, training on manure ＋ fertilizers, group membership and total farm size were important in influencing the levels of knowledge in use of manure ＋ fertilizers. The implication of these results is that training and belonging to a group enhances level of knowledge on soil fertility management and development, so workers should focus on these two aspects.
文摘This study examines perceptions of climate change and sea level rise in New Jersey residents in 2012 and 2014. Different surveys have shown declines in interest and concern about climate change and sea level rise. Climate change and increasing temperatures have an anthropogenic cause, which relates to energy use, making it important to examine whether people believe that it is occurring. In late 2012 New Jersey experienced Super storm Sandy, one of the worst hurricanes in its history, followed by public discussion and media coverage of stronger more frequent storms due to climate change. Using structured interviews, we tested the null hypotheses that there were no differences in perceptions of 1260 interviewees as a function of year of the survey, age, gender, years of education, and self-evaluation of science knowledge (on a scale of 1 to 5). In 2012 460 of 639 (72%) rated “global warming occurring” as “certain” (#4) or “very certain” (#5) compared with 453 of 621 (73%) in 2014. For “due to human activities” the numbers of “certain” or “very certain” were 71% in 2012, and 67% in 2014 and for sea level rise the numbers were 64% and 70%. There were some inconsistent between-year differences with higher ratings in 2012 for 3 outcomes and higher ratings in 2014 for 5 outcomes. However, for 25 questions relative to climate change, sea level rise, and the personal and ecological effects of sea level rise, self-evaluation of science knowledge, independent of years of education, was the factor that entered 23 of the models, accounting for the most variability in ratings. People who believed they had a “high knowledge” (#4) or “very high knowledge” (#5) of science rated all issues as more important than did those people who rated their own scientific knowledge as average or below average.
文摘The aim of study was to evaluate knowledge of DFC （dementia-friendly city） in Slovenian population and correlate these findings regarding on status of informal carers of PWD （people with dementia） or noncarers. Questionnaire with 5 demographic and 6 dementia knowledge items, and one DFC knowledge item was sent to first 100 email adult users from first author’s adressess list. During June and October 2013 we managed to obtain 57 filled-out by 17 informal carers （29.8%）, and 40 noncarers （70.2%）. Categorical data were compared by chi2 analysis, and p-value 〈 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Differences in responses between informal carers and noncarers are shown in order of significance： （a） in DFC all people know about dementia, understand PWD, and respond with affection and reassurance （64.7% vs. 22.5%; chi2 7.439; p 〈 0.01）; and （b） PWD have opportunity to meet friends and socialize and to take part in singing, walking, and education in DFC （35.3% vs. 7.5%; chi2 4.932; p 〈 0.05）. Efforts to improve public education and to raise awareness on dementia at local and national level should be expanded to boost people in early stages of dementia to be active citizens.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the nursing effects of targeted care for children with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia(IDA).Methods:A total of 88 children with IDA admitted to the hospital from November 2021 to November 2023 were selected(each child included one accompanying family member).Using a random number table,the participants were divided into two groups:the observation group,which received targeted nursing care,and the reference group,which received standard nursing care.The anemia correction rate,nutritional indicators,and family knowledge level were compared.Results:The anemia correction rate in the observation group was higher than in the reference group,with post-nursing nutritional indicators superior to those in the reference group.Additionally,family members in the observation group had a higher level of knowledge(P<0.05).Conclusion:Targeted nursing can effectively correct anemia symptoms in children with IDA,improve nutritional indicators,and increase family members’knowledge,demonstrating high nursing effectiveness.
文摘Objective To assess the effects of fostering interventions on the infants and their families through the community. Methods A total of 309 infants born on 1st August, 2003 to 30th August, 2004 and their families were recruited as participants by cluster sampling in Longhua and Kantian sub-districts of Xuhui district, Shanghai. The newborns were randomly assigned to intervention group （156 cases） and control group （153 cases）. The infants and their families will be followed up during 3-year interventions. Results After 6 months＇ intervention, the proportion of infants who could turn over the body in the intervention group （88.46%） was higher than that in control group （75.16%）. The morbidity of upper-respiratory tract infection in intervention group （20.51%） was significantly lower than that in control group （32.68%）. The incidence rates of pneumonia, diarrhea and anemia in intervention group were all lower than that in control group, except for pneumonia, the differences were not significant. Both of the knowledge about how to foster infants and service utility in intervention group were higher than that in control group. Conclusion The fostering interventions through the community promote the prevention and control of infants disease, increase the knowledge level and service util ity of families.
文摘BACKGROUND Pharmacovigilance(PV)is the activities and scientific studies conducted to detect,evaluate,understand or prevent adverse reactions and other drug-related problems.AIM To define the awareness and experiences of the clinicians on PV and adverse drug reactions(ADRs)in Turkey.METHODS The study was cross-sectional and analytical.Data were obtained through a questionnaire.The questionnaire was sent via e-mail.The survey was sent to 2030 physicians and 670 participated.RESULTS The most appropriate definition of PV was correctly defined by 53.9%of the participants.The most important goal of PV was correctly defined by 54.9%of the participants,and 27.3%of the participants were aware of the Turkish Pharmacovigilance Center.Nonsurgical physicians had better PV knowledge than surgical physicians.A total of 80.9%of the physicians who encountered ADRs,filled in the ADR notification form,and 8.8%received training on how to fill in the form.PV knowledge of the clinicians was not sufficient.Although half of the physicians encountered ADRs,the rates of seeing and filling in the ADR form were low.CONCLUSION Few of the physicians followed the current information about PV.The results provide more comprehensive data on PV practices and ADR reporting at a national level.
文摘Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements in Information and Communication Technology have eased learner connectivity online and enabled access to an extensive range of learning materials on the World Wide Web.Post covid-19 pandemic,online learning has become the most essential and inevitable medium of learning in primary,secondary and higher education.In recent times,Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)have transformed the current education strategy by offering a technology-rich and flexible form of online learning.A key component to assess the learner’s progress and effectiveness of online teaching is the Multiple Choice Question(MCQ)assessment in most of the MOOC courses.Uncertainty exists on the reliability and validity of the assessment component as it raises a qualm whether the real knowledge acquisition level reflects upon the assessment score.This is due to the possibility of random and smart guesses,learners can attempt,as MCQ assessments are more vulnerable than essay type assessments.This paper presents the architecture,development,evaluation of the I-Quiz system,an intelligent assessment tool,which captures and analyses both the implicit and explicit non-verbal behaviour of learner and provides insights about the learner’s real knowledge acquisition level.The I-Quiz system uses an innovative way to analyse the learner non-verbal behaviour and trains the agent using machine learning techniques.The intelligent agent in the system evaluates and predicts the real knowledge acquisition level of learners.A total of 500 undergraduate engineering students were asked to attend an on-Screen MCQ assessment test using the I-Quiz system comprising 20 multiple choice questions related to advanced C programming.The non-verbal behaviour of the learner is recorded using a front-facing camera during the entire assessment period.The resultant dataset of non-verbal behaviour and question-answer scores is used to train the random forest classifier model to predict the real knowledge acquisition level of the learner.The trained model after hyperparameter tuning and cross validation achieved a normalized prediction accuracy of 85.68%.
