This paper considers perceptions of children’s learning and classroom practice to support learning in the Pakistani early years educational context.In Pakistan,there is a growing focus on quality provision of early c...This paper considers perceptions of children’s learning and classroom practice to support learning in the Pakistani early years educational context.In Pakistan,there is a growing focus on quality provision of early childhood education and building early childhood education teacher capacity.Over the course of one academic year,data were collected from kindergarten teachers in a Pakistani urban school through interviews and classroom observations as part of a larger study.Findings presented in this paper are based on the interview data of two teachers in the sample,a novice and an experienced teacher.Data analysis examined their perceptions of kindergarten children’s learning and of their practice to support kindergarten children’s learning,taking into consideration the gender perspective.The results showed tensions in the teachers’perceptions which contrasted between a constructivist approach and a teacher-directed skills approach.Perceptions of their practice reflected a formal,teacher-directed approach rather than a constructivist approach and a teacher-directed skills approach to teaching.Several factors,including deep-rooted perceptions as well as curriculum structure,time,number of staff and resources,contributed to this.展开更多
Objective：To study the Cryptosporidium infection among young children in Anhui province, and to explore the best way to diagnose the disease. Methods： Stool specimens of 1 204 children were collected; oocysts of Cry...Objective：To study the Cryptosporidium infection among young children in Anhui province, and to explore the best way to diagnose the disease. Methods： Stool specimens of 1 204 children were collected; oocysts of Cryptosporidium were identified with auramine O- modified staining, acid-fast staining, safranine T and methylene blue staining, and auramine O-modified acid-fast staining. Results： The detectable rate of Cryptosporidium in four stainings were respectively 2.46%, 1.50%, 1.98% and 3.46%, and there was a higher significant difference in the rate between auramine O-modified acid-fast staining and the others（P 〈 0.005）. The detectable rate was significantly lower in urban children（2.14%, 15/684） than in rural ones（5,19%, 27/520）. Boys and girls had similar detectable rate （1.99%, 24/1 204 vs. 1.50%, 18/1 204）. Cryptosporidium infection was usually subclinical, and its major clinical features included benign diarrhea, mild abdominal pain and nausea. Conclusion：Cryptosporidium infection was relatively common in kindergartens and a higher infection rate was found in rural children. As the majority of the Cryptosporidium infections were subclinical, diagnosis is important although difficult.展开更多
文摘This paper considers perceptions of children’s learning and classroom practice to support learning in the Pakistani early years educational context.In Pakistan,there is a growing focus on quality provision of early childhood education and building early childhood education teacher capacity.Over the course of one academic year,data were collected from kindergarten teachers in a Pakistani urban school through interviews and classroom observations as part of a larger study.Findings presented in this paper are based on the interview data of two teachers in the sample,a novice and an experienced teacher.Data analysis examined their perceptions of kindergarten children’s learning and of their practice to support kindergarten children’s learning,taking into consideration the gender perspective.The results showed tensions in the teachers’perceptions which contrasted between a constructivist approach and a teacher-directed skills approach.Perceptions of their practice reflected a formal,teacher-directed approach rather than a constructivist approach and a teacher-directed skills approach to teaching.Several factors,including deep-rooted perceptions as well as curriculum structure,time,number of staff and resources,contributed to this.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Youth of Anhui University of Science & Technology(1999-21)
文摘Objective：To study the Cryptosporidium infection among young children in Anhui province, and to explore the best way to diagnose the disease. Methods： Stool specimens of 1 204 children were collected; oocysts of Cryptosporidium were identified with auramine O- modified staining, acid-fast staining, safranine T and methylene blue staining, and auramine O-modified acid-fast staining. Results： The detectable rate of Cryptosporidium in four stainings were respectively 2.46%, 1.50%, 1.98% and 3.46%, and there was a higher significant difference in the rate between auramine O-modified acid-fast staining and the others（P 〈 0.005）. The detectable rate was significantly lower in urban children（2.14%, 15/684） than in rural ones（5,19%, 27/520）. Boys and girls had similar detectable rate （1.99%, 24/1 204 vs. 1.50%, 18/1 204）. Cryptosporidium infection was usually subclinical, and its major clinical features included benign diarrhea, mild abdominal pain and nausea. Conclusion：Cryptosporidium infection was relatively common in kindergartens and a higher infection rate was found in rural children. As the majority of the Cryptosporidium infections were subclinical, diagnosis is important although difficult.
