BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is g...BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.展开更多
BACKGROUND To date,there are no guidelines on the treatment of solid neoplasms in the transplanted kidney.Historically,allograft nephrectomy has been considered the only reasonable option.More recently,nephron-sparing...BACKGROUND To date,there are no guidelines on the treatment of solid neoplasms in the transplanted kidney.Historically,allograft nephrectomy has been considered the only reasonable option.More recently,nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and ablative therapy (AT) have been proposed as alternative procedures in selected cases.AIM To review outcomes of AT for the treatment of renal allograft tumours.METHODS We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2009 Checklist.PubMed was searched in March 2019 without time restrictions for all papers reporting on radiofrequency ablation (RFA),cryoablation (CA),microwave ablation (MWA),high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU),and irreversible electroporation (IRE) of solid tumours of the kidney allograft.Only original manuscripts describing actual cases and edited in English were considered.All relevant articles were accessed in full text.Additional searches included all pertinent references.Selected studies were also assessed for methodological quality using a tool based on a modification of the Newcastle Ottawa scale.Data on recipient characteristics,transplant characteristics,disease characteristics,treatment protocols,and treatment outcomes were extracted and analysed.Given the nature and the quality of the studies available (mostly retrospective case reports and small retrospective uncontrolled case series),a descriptive summary was provided.RESULTS Twenty-eight relevant studies were selected describing a total of 100 AT procedures in 92 patients.Recipient age at diagnosis ranged from 21 to 71 years whereas time from transplant to diagnosis ranged from 0.1 to 312 mo.Most of the neoplasms were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during imaging carried out for screening purposes or for other clinical reasons.Preferred diagnostic modality was Doppler-ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan,and magnetic resonance imaging.Main tumour types were: papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and clear cell RCC.Maximal tumour diameter ranged from 5 to 55 mm.The vast majority of neoplasms were T1a N0 M0 with only 2 lesions staged T1b N0 M0.Neoplasms were managed by RFA (n = 78),CA (n = 15),MWA (n = 3),HIFU (n = 3),and IRE (n = 1).Overall,3 episodes of primary treatment failure were reported.A single case of recurrence was identified.Follow-up ranged from 1 to 81 mo.No cancer-related deaths were observed.Complication rate was extremely low (mostly < 10%).Graft function remained stable in the majority of recipients.Due to the limited sample size,no clear benefit of a single procedure over the other ones could be demonstrated.CONCLUSION AT for renal allograft neoplasms represents a promising alternative to radical nephrectomy and NSS in carefully selected patients.Properly designed clinical trials are needed to validate this therapeutic approach.展开更多
We present the case of a 21-year-old man with an incidentally detected cystic renal mass.A well-defined,solid mass measuring approximately 8 cm x 6 cm with a cystic component was identified in the left kidney by abdom...We present the case of a 21-year-old man with an incidentally detected cystic renal mass.A well-defined,solid mass measuring approximately 8 cm x 6 cm with a cystic component was identified in the left kidney by abdominal multidetector computed tomography(CT) and ultrasonography.The mass was well-enhanced on the corticomedullary CT phase and washout of enhancement occurred on the nephrographic phase.The mass contained peripheral wall and septal calcifications in the cystic component.The lesion was resected and diagnosed as a primary renal carcinoid tumor.Primary carcinoid tumors of the kidney are extremely rare.This case is notable because of the rarity of this neoplasm and its unique radiologic and pathologic findings.A review of previously reported cases in the literature is also presented.展开更多
We report a case of a 77-year-old female with a local recurrence of cancer after right hemicolectomy which infiltrated the pancreatic head affording pancreatoduodenectomy, who developed 3 years later recurrent tumor m...We report a case of a 77-year-old female with a local recurrence of cancer after right hemicolectomy which infiltrated the pancreatic head affording pancreatoduodenectomy, who developed 3 years later recurrent tumor masses localized in the mesentery of the jejunum and in the lower pole of the left kidney. Partial nephrectomy and a segment resection of the small bowel were performed. Histological examination of both specimens revealed a necrotic metastasis of the primary carcinoma of the colon. Although intraluminal implantation of colon cancer cells in the renal pelvic mucosa from ureteric metastasis has been described, metastasis of a colorectal cancer in the kidney parenchyma is extremely rare and can be treated in an organ preserving manner. A complex pattern of colon cancer recurrence with unusual and rare sites of metastasis is reported.展开更多
Introduction Solitary fibrous tumor （SFT） of the kidney is a rare spindle cell neoplasm and all reported SFTs of the kidney were diagnosed through pathological examination and immunohistochemical study after open ne...Introduction Solitary fibrous tumor （SFT） of the kidney is a rare spindle cell neoplasm and all reported SFTs of the kidney were diagnosed through pathological examination and immunohistochemical study after open nephrectomy or open radical nephrectomy. We present a case of SFT of the kidney diagnosed through fine needle core biopsy preoperatively in a 50-year-old female and managed with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Due to the difficulty in discriminating between malignant and benign growth pattern of this tumor entity, a regular follow-up after conservative treatment is mandatory.展开更多
Colonic lymphangioma is an unusual benign malformation.We herein describe two cases.A 36-year-old woman was admitted with one year of intermittent abdominal pain;colonoscopy,abdominopelvic computed tomography and endo...Colonic lymphangioma is an unusual benign malformation.We herein describe two cases.A 36-year-old woman was admitted with one year of intermittent abdominal pain;colonoscopy,abdominopelvic computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)revealed enlarged cystic masses at the ascending colon.In another 40-year-old man,colonoscopy and EUS revealed an asymptomatic lobulated cystic mass with four small sessile polyps at the sigmoid colon.Both patients underwent laparoscopic segmental colectomy.Both masses were histologically confirmed as cystic lymphangiomas,and the patients were discharged without complications.The management of colonic lymphangioma depends on the individual situation;close surveillance or endoscopic therapy may be appropriate for asymptomatic lesions smaller than 2.5 cm in diameter.Surgical intervention can be considered for larger lesions or in patients who develop complication risks.Laparoscopic segmental colon resection may be recommended to excise relatively large submucosal lesions because it is a definitive,minimally invasive intervention with a fast postoperative recovery.展开更多
This article reports a case of simultaneous occurrence of 2 primary renal tumors of different histology, a transitional cell carcinoma and a renal cell carcinoma. in the same kidney. The histological, immunohistochemi...This article reports a case of simultaneous occurrence of 2 primary renal tumors of different histology, a transitional cell carcinoma and a renal cell carcinoma. in the same kidney. The histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes of the tumors were described. A review of the literature to date revealed this case to be rare. only 24 other cases were reported previously.展开更多
Non-melanoma cutaneous carcinomas, or skin cancers, predominantly squamous cell carcinomas(SCCs), are the most common malignancies occurring in kidney transplant recipients(KTRs). Squamous cell carcinoma risk is drama...Non-melanoma cutaneous carcinomas, or skin cancers, predominantly squamous cell carcinomas(SCCs), are the most common malignancies occurring in kidney transplant recipients(KTRs). Squamous cell carcinoma risk is dramatically elevated in KTRs, occurring at rates of up 45-250 times those reported in general populations. New non-melanoma skin cancers in KTRs with a prior non-melanoma skin cancer also develop at 3-times the rate reported in non-KTRs with the same clinical history. The unique aggressiveness of SCCs in KTRs increases patient morbidity, due to the high rate of new lesions requiring treatment, frequently surgical excision. Oral nicotinamide shows promise in the chemoprevention of the especially aggressive non-melanoma skin cancers which occur in KTRs. This benefit might be conferred via its inhibition of sirtuin enzymatic pathways. Nicotinamide's concurrent hypophosphatemic effect may also partially ameliorate the disturbed calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in these patients-a putative risk factor for mortality, and graft failure. Conceivably, a phase 3 trial of nicotinamide for the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancers in KTRs, lasting at least 12-mo, could also incorporate imaging and laboratory measures which assess nicotinamide's impact on subclinical cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease risk, and progression.展开更多
Purpose: Clinical guidelines recommend partial nephrectomy (PN) as the preferred method of surgical excision of the small renal tumor whenever feasible. PN has comparable cancer cure rates to that of radical nephrecto...Purpose: Clinical guidelines recommend partial nephrectomy (PN) as the preferred method of surgical excision of the small renal tumor whenever feasible. PN has comparable cancer cure rates to that of radical nephrectomy in this setting, and decreased risk of chronic kidney disease. A recognized devastating complication following partial nephrectomy is acute post-operative hemorrhage (APOH) from the reconstructed kidney. Risk factors for hemorrhage following partial nephrectomy remain poorly elucidated, as does the impact of hemorrhage on subsequent hospital stay. Identification of risk factors for hemorrhage may lead to a better understanding of and reduction of this complication. Material and Methods: We utilized a prospectively managed database comprised of patients undergoing open partial nephrectomy at our institution by the same surgical team from January 2006 to July 2012. Clinicopathologic factors assessed APOH for their relationships, including patient age, gender, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, American Society of Anesthesia Score (ASA), tumor size, RENAL nephrotomy score, pathologic result, cancer margin status, operative time, and intra-operative blood loss. The impact of APOH on subsequent hospital course was evaluated and compared with the entire cohort. Results: Data were analyzed from 200 consecutive patients. We identified 7 patients (3.5%) who experienced APOH. Compared with the entire cohort, APOH resulted in an increased hospital length of stay (median, 5 days;range, 2-11 days, p = 0.001), an increased transfusion requirement (median, 6 units;range, 1-16 units. p = 0.001), a greater risk of selective angiographic embolization (median, 2 procedures;range, 0-3, p = 0.001), and completion nephrectomy (n = 2, p = 0.001). One patient in the APOH group experienced cardiac arrest and was resuscitated. Clinicopathologic factors associated展开更多
Objective：To investigate the method and effect of nephron-sparing surgery in the treatment of small renal cell carcinoma. Methods： From August 1 997 to October 2008, 48 cases of small renal cell carcinomas were conf...Objective：To investigate the method and effect of nephron-sparing surgery in the treatment of small renal cell carcinoma. Methods： From August 1 997 to October 2008, 48 cases of small renal cell carcinomas were confirmed by surgery and pathology, and reviewed retrospectively. Of the 48 cases, there was 1 patient with bilateral tumors, 8 with solitary kidney tumors, 1 with unilateral tumor and a damaged contralateral kidney, and 38 with unilateral tumors and a normal contralateral kidney; 9 underwent tumor enucleation and the remaining patients received partial nephrectomy. Results：There were no local tumor recurrences and/or tumor metastasis at a mean followup of 60 months. Conclusion： Confirming conclusions from other centers, we have found that nephron-sparing surgery is an effective treatment for small renal cell carcinomas.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Chen and Cai.We focus on renal anastomotic hemangioma,which is a rare benign hemangiomatous disease.This disease has unique clinical characteristics.Its biological behavi...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Chen and Cai.We focus on renal anastomotic hemangioma,which is a rare benign hemangiomatous disease.This disease has unique clinical characteristics.Its biological behavior is benign,but its imaging results are similar to those of renal cancer.Renal anastomotic hemangioma is easy to misdiagnose and can lead to unnecessary radical nephrectomy.Therefore,urologists need a better understanding of this disease.We believe that patients with renal anastomotic hemangioma should receive individualized diagnosis and treatment to avoid overtreatment.展开更多
基金Shanxi Soft Science General Program,No.2018041032-2.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.
文摘BACKGROUND To date,there are no guidelines on the treatment of solid neoplasms in the transplanted kidney.Historically,allograft nephrectomy has been considered the only reasonable option.More recently,nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and ablative therapy (AT) have been proposed as alternative procedures in selected cases.AIM To review outcomes of AT for the treatment of renal allograft tumours.METHODS We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2009 Checklist.PubMed was searched in March 2019 without time restrictions for all papers reporting on radiofrequency ablation (RFA),cryoablation (CA),microwave ablation (MWA),high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU),and irreversible electroporation (IRE) of solid tumours of the kidney allograft.Only original manuscripts describing actual cases and edited in English were considered.All relevant articles were accessed in full text.Additional searches included all pertinent references.Selected studies were also assessed for methodological quality using a tool based on a modification of the Newcastle Ottawa scale.Data on recipient characteristics,transplant characteristics,disease characteristics,treatment protocols,and treatment outcomes were extracted and analysed.Given the nature and the quality of the studies available (mostly retrospective case reports and small retrospective uncontrolled case series),a descriptive summary was provided.RESULTS Twenty-eight relevant studies were selected describing a total of 100 AT procedures in 92 patients.Recipient age at diagnosis ranged from 21 to 71 years whereas time from transplant to diagnosis ranged from 0.1 to 312 mo.Most of the neoplasms were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during imaging carried out for screening purposes or for other clinical reasons.Preferred diagnostic modality was Doppler-ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan,and magnetic resonance imaging.Main tumour types were: papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and clear cell RCC.Maximal tumour diameter ranged from 5 to 55 mm.The vast majority of neoplasms were T1a N0 M0 with only 2 lesions staged T1b N0 M0.Neoplasms were managed by RFA (n = 78),CA (n = 15),MWA (n = 3),HIFU (n = 3),and IRE (n = 1).Overall,3 episodes of primary treatment failure were reported.A single case of recurrence was identified.Follow-up ranged from 1 to 81 mo.No cancer-related deaths were observed.Complication rate was extremely low (mostly < 10%).Graft function remained stable in the majority of recipients.Due to the limited sample size,no clear benefit of a single procedure over the other ones could be demonstrated.CONCLUSION AT for renal allograft neoplasms represents a promising alternative to radical nephrectomy and NSS in carefully selected patients.Properly designed clinical trials are needed to validate this therapeutic approach.
文摘We present the case of a 21-year-old man with an incidentally detected cystic renal mass.A well-defined,solid mass measuring approximately 8 cm x 6 cm with a cystic component was identified in the left kidney by abdominal multidetector computed tomography(CT) and ultrasonography.The mass was well-enhanced on the corticomedullary CT phase and washout of enhancement occurred on the nephrographic phase.The mass contained peripheral wall and septal calcifications in the cystic component.The lesion was resected and diagnosed as a primary renal carcinoid tumor.Primary carcinoid tumors of the kidney are extremely rare.This case is notable because of the rarity of this neoplasm and its unique radiologic and pathologic findings.A review of previously reported cases in the literature is also presented.
文摘We report a case of a 77-year-old female with a local recurrence of cancer after right hemicolectomy which infiltrated the pancreatic head affording pancreatoduodenectomy, who developed 3 years later recurrent tumor masses localized in the mesentery of the jejunum and in the lower pole of the left kidney. Partial nephrectomy and a segment resection of the small bowel were performed. Histological examination of both specimens revealed a necrotic metastasis of the primary carcinoma of the colon. Although intraluminal implantation of colon cancer cells in the renal pelvic mucosa from ureteric metastasis has been described, metastasis of a colorectal cancer in the kidney parenchyma is extremely rare and can be treated in an organ preserving manner. A complex pattern of colon cancer recurrence with unusual and rare sites of metastasis is reported.
文摘Introduction Solitary fibrous tumor （SFT） of the kidney is a rare spindle cell neoplasm and all reported SFTs of the kidney were diagnosed through pathological examination and immunohistochemical study after open nephrectomy or open radical nephrectomy. We present a case of SFT of the kidney diagnosed through fine needle core biopsy preoperatively in a 50-year-old female and managed with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Due to the difficulty in discriminating between malignant and benign growth pattern of this tumor entity, a regular follow-up after conservative treatment is mandatory.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51377024the Basic Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.13JC1407202
文摘Colonic lymphangioma is an unusual benign malformation.We herein describe two cases.A 36-year-old woman was admitted with one year of intermittent abdominal pain;colonoscopy,abdominopelvic computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)revealed enlarged cystic masses at the ascending colon.In another 40-year-old man,colonoscopy and EUS revealed an asymptomatic lobulated cystic mass with four small sessile polyps at the sigmoid colon.Both patients underwent laparoscopic segmental colectomy.Both masses were histologically confirmed as cystic lymphangiomas,and the patients were discharged without complications.The management of colonic lymphangioma depends on the individual situation;close surveillance or endoscopic therapy may be appropriate for asymptomatic lesions smaller than 2.5 cm in diameter.Surgical intervention can be considered for larger lesions or in patients who develop complication risks.Laparoscopic segmental colon resection may be recommended to excise relatively large submucosal lesions because it is a definitive,minimally invasive intervention with a fast postoperative recovery.
文摘This article reports a case of simultaneous occurrence of 2 primary renal tumors of different histology, a transitional cell carcinoma and a renal cell carcinoma. in the same kidney. The histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes of the tumors were described. A review of the literature to date revealed this case to be rare. only 24 other cases were reported previously.
文摘Non-melanoma cutaneous carcinomas, or skin cancers, predominantly squamous cell carcinomas(SCCs), are the most common malignancies occurring in kidney transplant recipients(KTRs). Squamous cell carcinoma risk is dramatically elevated in KTRs, occurring at rates of up 45-250 times those reported in general populations. New non-melanoma skin cancers in KTRs with a prior non-melanoma skin cancer also develop at 3-times the rate reported in non-KTRs with the same clinical history. The unique aggressiveness of SCCs in KTRs increases patient morbidity, due to the high rate of new lesions requiring treatment, frequently surgical excision. Oral nicotinamide shows promise in the chemoprevention of the especially aggressive non-melanoma skin cancers which occur in KTRs. This benefit might be conferred via its inhibition of sirtuin enzymatic pathways. Nicotinamide's concurrent hypophosphatemic effect may also partially ameliorate the disturbed calcium-phosphorus homeostasis in these patients-a putative risk factor for mortality, and graft failure. Conceivably, a phase 3 trial of nicotinamide for the prevention of non-melanoma skin cancers in KTRs, lasting at least 12-mo, could also incorporate imaging and laboratory measures which assess nicotinamide's impact on subclinical cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease risk, and progression.
文摘Purpose: Clinical guidelines recommend partial nephrectomy (PN) as the preferred method of surgical excision of the small renal tumor whenever feasible. PN has comparable cancer cure rates to that of radical nephrectomy in this setting, and decreased risk of chronic kidney disease. A recognized devastating complication following partial nephrectomy is acute post-operative hemorrhage (APOH) from the reconstructed kidney. Risk factors for hemorrhage following partial nephrectomy remain poorly elucidated, as does the impact of hemorrhage on subsequent hospital stay. Identification of risk factors for hemorrhage may lead to a better understanding of and reduction of this complication. Material and Methods: We utilized a prospectively managed database comprised of patients undergoing open partial nephrectomy at our institution by the same surgical team from January 2006 to July 2012. Clinicopathologic factors assessed APOH for their relationships, including patient age, gender, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, American Society of Anesthesia Score (ASA), tumor size, RENAL nephrotomy score, pathologic result, cancer margin status, operative time, and intra-operative blood loss. The impact of APOH on subsequent hospital course was evaluated and compared with the entire cohort. Results: Data were analyzed from 200 consecutive patients. We identified 7 patients (3.5%) who experienced APOH. Compared with the entire cohort, APOH resulted in an increased hospital length of stay (median, 5 days;range, 2-11 days, p = 0.001), an increased transfusion requirement (median, 6 units;range, 1-16 units. p = 0.001), a greater risk of selective angiographic embolization (median, 2 procedures;range, 0-3, p = 0.001), and completion nephrectomy (n = 2, p = 0.001). One patient in the APOH group experienced cardiac arrest and was resuscitated. Clinicopathologic factors associated
文摘Objective：To investigate the method and effect of nephron-sparing surgery in the treatment of small renal cell carcinoma. Methods： From August 1 997 to October 2008, 48 cases of small renal cell carcinomas were confirmed by surgery and pathology, and reviewed retrospectively. Of the 48 cases, there was 1 patient with bilateral tumors, 8 with solitary kidney tumors, 1 with unilateral tumor and a damaged contralateral kidney, and 38 with unilateral tumors and a normal contralateral kidney; 9 underwent tumor enucleation and the remaining patients received partial nephrectomy. Results：There were no local tumor recurrences and/or tumor metastasis at a mean followup of 60 months. Conclusion： Confirming conclusions from other centers, we have found that nephron-sparing surgery is an effective treatment for small renal cell carcinomas.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Chen and Cai.We focus on renal anastomotic hemangioma,which is a rare benign hemangiomatous disease.This disease has unique clinical characteristics.Its biological behavior is benign,but its imaging results are similar to those of renal cancer.Renal anastomotic hemangioma is easy to misdiagnose and can lead to unnecessary radical nephrectomy.Therefore,urologists need a better understanding of this disease.We believe that patients with renal anastomotic hemangioma should receive individualized diagnosis and treatment to avoid overtreatment.
