Progress has been developed in harvesting lowfrequency and irregular blue energy using a triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator in recent years. However,the design of the high-efficiency, mechanically durable...Progress has been developed in harvesting lowfrequency and irregular blue energy using a triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator in recent years. However,the design of the high-efficiency, mechanically durable hybrid structure is still challenging. In this study, we report a fully packaged triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator(TEHG), in which magnets were utilized as the trigger to drive contact–separation-mode triboelectric nanogenerators(CS-TENGs) and coupled with copper coils to operate rotary freestanding-mode electromagnetic generators(RF-EMGs). The magnet pairs that produce attraction were used to transfer the external mechanical energy to the CS-TENGs, and packaging of the CS-TENGpart was achieved to protect it from the ambient environment. Under a rotatory speed of 100 rpm, the CS-TENGs enabled the TEHG to deliver an output voltage, current,and average power of 315.8 V, 44.6 μA, and ~ 90.7 μW,and the output of the RF-EMGs was 0.59 V, 1.78 m A, and 79.6 μW, respectively. The cylinder-like structure made the TEHG more easily driven by water flow and demonstrated to work as a practical power source to charge commercial capacitors. It can charge a 33μF capacitor from 0 to 2.1 V in 84 s, and the stored energy in the capacitor can drive an electronic thermometer and form a self-powered water-temperature sensing system.展开更多
The environmental micro-energy harvested by the triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator(TEHG)can power sensors and Internet of Things(IoT)nodes in smart agriculture.However,the separation structure of traditio...The environmental micro-energy harvested by the triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator(TEHG)can power sensors and Internet of Things(IoT)nodes in smart agriculture.However,the separation structure of traditional TEHG raises the complexity of form and material,which is harmful to the miniaturization of the device.Herein,a single-material-substrated triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator(SMS-TEHG)based on the flexible magnets is designed to achieve the structural integration of triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)and electromagnetic generator(EMG).The flexible magnets serve as the electropositive triboelectric materials for TENG and the magnetic materials for EMG,simplifying the structural complexity of TEHG.The open-circuit voltage(VOC)of the TENG and EMG are 187.2 and 9.0 V at 300 rpm,respectively.After 30,000 cycles of stability testing,the VOC of the TENG and EMG retain about 95.6%and 99.3%,respectively.Additionally,the self-powered applications driven by SMS-TEHG in intelligent greenhouse have been successfully demonstrated,such as crop light supplementation,rain monitoring,and wireless temperature and humidity sensing.This work provides a new design for TEHG and possibilities for applying TEHG and IoT in smart agriculture.展开更多
The development of wireless monitoring is currently restricted by the short lifetime of batteries,requiring frequent replacement.Utilization of abundant mechanical energy from the surrounding environment has attracted...The development of wireless monitoring is currently restricted by the short lifetime of batteries,requiring frequent replacement.Utilization of abundant mechanical energy from the surrounding environment has attracted increasing attention in real-time monitoring.Herein,a coil-levitated hybrid generator was developed for the efficient harvesting of mechanical energy from mechanical motion.The novel coil-levitated structure adapted to the metal and magnetic environment.The output currents were systematically analyzed at different operation modes based on the unique combination of triboelectrification,electromagnetic induction,and piezoelectric effect.Under the excitation of vibration frequency and amplitude of 8 Hz and 5 mm respectively,the as-constructed triboelectric nanogenerator delivered a peak power density of 11.40 W/m3 at 10 MΩ.Meanwhile,the middle electromagnetic part and bottom piezoelectric generator provided peak power densities of 6.97 and 79.93 W/m2 at 10000Ω,respectively.More importantly,the battery charging experiment was verified,in which a 30 mA h Li-ion battery can be charged from 2.57 to 3.27 V in about 90 min.In sum,a self-powered temperature and vibration monitoring system was successfully developed based on hybrid generator,promising for realizing wireless monitoring of mechanical equipment without any external power supply.展开更多
Modeling and simulation have emerged as an indispensable approach to create numerical experiment platforms and study engineering systems.However,the increasingly complicated systems that engineers face today dramatica...Modeling and simulation have emerged as an indispensable approach to create numerical experiment platforms and study engineering systems.However,the increasingly complicated systems that engineers face today dramatically challenge state-of-the-art modeling and simulation approaches.Such complicated systems,which are composed of not only continuous states but also discrete events,and which contain complex dynamics across multiple timescales,are defined as generalized hybrid systems(GHSs)in this paper.As a representative GHS,megawatt power electronics(MPE)systems have been largely integrated into the modern power grid,but MPE simulation remains a bottleneck due to its unacceptable time cost and poor convergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes the numerical convex lens approach to achieve state-discretized modeling and simulation of GHSs.This approach transforms conventional time-discretized passive simulations designed for pure-continuous systems into state-discretized selective simulations designed for GHSs.When this approach was applied to a largescale MPE-based renewable energy system,a 1000-fold increase in simulation speed was achieved,in comparison with existing software.Furthermore,the proposed approach uniquely enables the switching transient simulation of a largescale megawatt system with high accuracy,compared with experimental results,and with no convergence concerns.The numerical convex lens approach leads to the highly efficient simulation of intricate GHSs across multiple timescales,and thus significantly extends engineers’capability to study systems with numerical experiments.展开更多
By the modified three-field Hu-Washizu principle, this paper establishes a theoretical founda- tion and general convenient formulations to generate convergent stable generalized hybrid/mixed cle- ment (GH/ME) model wh...By the modified three-field Hu-Washizu principle, this paper establishes a theoretical founda- tion and general convenient formulations to generate convergent stable generalized hybrid/mixed cle- ment (GH/ME) model which is invariant with respect to coordinate, insensitive to geometric distortion and suitable for improved stress computation. In the two proposed formulations, the stress equilibrium and orthogonality constraints are imposed through incompatible displacement and internal strain modes respectively. The proposed model by the general formulations in this paper is characterized by including as- sumed stress/strain, assumed stress, variable-node, singular, compatible and incompatible GH/ME models. When using regular meshes or the constant values of the isoparametric Jacobian Det in the assumed strain in- terpolation, the incompatible GH/ME model degenerates to the hybrid/mixed element model. Both general and concrete guidelines for the optimal selection of element shape functions are suggested. By means of the GH/ME theory in this paper, a family of new GH/ME can be and have been easily constructed. The software can also be developed conveniently because all the standard subroutines for the corresponding isoparametric displacement elements can be utilized directly.展开更多
In this paper the equivalence of the generalized hybrid element and the modified Wilson element, which is derived by the generalized hybrid method, is proved.
Statistical inference is developed for the analysis of generalized type-Ⅱ hybrid censoring data under exponential competing risks model. In order to solve the problem that approximate methods make unsatisfactory perf...Statistical inference is developed for the analysis of generalized type-Ⅱ hybrid censoring data under exponential competing risks model. In order to solve the problem that approximate methods make unsatisfactory performances in the case of small sample size,we establish the exact conditional distributions of estimators for parameters by conditional moment generating function(CMGF). Furthermore, confidence intervals(CIs) are constructed by exact distributions, approximate distributions as well as bootstrap method respectively,and their performances are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. And finally, a real data set is analyzed to illustrate all the methods developed here.展开更多
The inference for the dependent competing risks model is studied and the dependent structure of failure causes is modeled by a Marshall-Olkin bivariate Rayleigh distribution. Under generalized progressive hybrid censo...The inference for the dependent competing risks model is studied and the dependent structure of failure causes is modeled by a Marshall-Olkin bivariate Rayleigh distribution. Under generalized progressive hybrid censoring(GPHC), maximum likelihood estimates are established and the confidence intervals are constructed based on the asymptotic theory. Bayesian estimates and the highest posterior density credible intervals are obtained by using Gibbs sampling. Simulation and a real life electrical appliances data set are used for practical illustration.展开更多
Water evaporation is a ubiquitous natural process exploiting thermal energy from ambient environment.Hydrovoltaic technologies emerged in recent years offer one prospective route to generate electricity from water eva...Water evaporation is a ubiquitous natural process exploiting thermal energy from ambient environment.Hydrovoltaic technologies emerged in recent years offer one prospective route to generate electricity from water evaporation,which has long been overlooked.Herein,we developed a hybrid hydrovoltaic generator driven by natural water evaporation,integrating an“evaporation motor”with an evaporation-electricity device and a droplet-electricity device.A rotary motion of the“evaporation motor”relies on phase change of ethanol driven by water-evaporation induced temperature gradient.This motion enables the evaporation-electricity device to work under a beneficial water-film operation mode to produce output of~4 V and~0.2μA,as well as propels the droplet-electricity device to convert mechanical energy into pulsed output of~100 V and~0.2 mA.As different types of hydrovoltaic devices require distinctive stimuli,it was challenging to make them work simultaneously,especially under one single driving force.We here for the first time empower two types of hydrovoltaic devices solely by omnipresent water evaporation.Therefore,this work presents a new pathway to exploiting water evaporation-associated ambient thermal energy and provides insights on developing hybrid hydrovoltaic generators.展开更多
In this paper, we focus on a new approach based on new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted aggregation operators, in which the evaluation information provided by decision makers is expressed in hesitant fuzzy e...In this paper, we focus on a new approach based on new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted aggregation operators, in which the evaluation information provided by decision makers is expressed in hesitant fuzzy elements (HFEs) and the information about attribute weights and aggregation-associated vector is unknown. More explicitly, some new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted aggregation operators are proposed, such as the new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted averaging (NGHFHWA) operator and the new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted geometric (NGHFHWG) operator. Some desirable properties and the relationships between them are discussed. Then, a new algorithm for hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (HF-MADM) problems with unknown weight information is introduced. Further, a practical example is used to illustrate the detailed implementation process of the proposed approach. A sensitivity analysis of the decision results is analyzed with different parameters. Finally, comparative studies are given to verify the advantages of our method.展开更多
This paper investigates a simple step-stress accelerated lifetime test(SSALT)model for the inferential analysis of exponential competing risks data.A generalized type-I hybrid censoring scheme is employed to improve t...This paper investigates a simple step-stress accelerated lifetime test(SSALT)model for the inferential analysis of exponential competing risks data.A generalized type-I hybrid censoring scheme is employed to improve the efficiency and controllability of the test.Firstly,the MLEs for parameters are established based on the cumulative exposure model(CEM).Then the conditional moment generating function(MGF)for unknown parameters is set up using conditional expectation and multiple integral techniques.Thirdly,confidence intervals(CIs)are constructed by the exact MGF-based method,the approximate normality-based method,and the bias-corrected and accelerated(BCa)percentile bootstrap method.Finally,we present simulation studies and an illustrative example to compare the performances of different methods.展开更多
Given the intensifying scarcity of non-renewable energy sources,wind power is garnering importance across various fields.However,the prevalent wind power generation technologies have different problems,such as small o...Given the intensifying scarcity of non-renewable energy sources,wind power is garnering importance across various fields.However,the prevalent wind power generation technologies have different problems,such as small output and low conversion efficiency.Hence,in this study,we propose a high-performance hybrid wind energy generator with a bidirectional acceleration structure.Based on a reversing gear,the magnet-coil rotor pair moves in a circular motion at equal speeds and in opposite directions,resulting in twice the output performance of a conventional generator and improving the conversion efficiency up to38.4%.The optimized wind turbine structure and the soft contact of the triboelectric material allow the generator to start functioning at low wind speeds of 3 m/s.Simultaneously,it can detect wind speeds ranging from 3 to 15 m/s with a linearity of up to 0.997.At a wind speed of 6 m/s,the generator's output power reaches 165.76 m W,which can transmit the data of the light sensor to a computer via Bluetooth for real-time display and also power small electronic devices such as thermo-hygrometers,which demonstrates a wide range of applications in the field of sustainable monitoring.展开更多
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. U1432249)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant 2017YFA0205002)+5 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)supported by Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technologythe support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M610346)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (BK20170343)Nantong Municipal Science and Technology Programthe support from Jiangsu University National Science Research Program (16KJB110021)
文摘Progress has been developed in harvesting lowfrequency and irregular blue energy using a triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator in recent years. However,the design of the high-efficiency, mechanically durable hybrid structure is still challenging. In this study, we report a fully packaged triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator(TEHG), in which magnets were utilized as the trigger to drive contact–separation-mode triboelectric nanogenerators(CS-TENGs) and coupled with copper coils to operate rotary freestanding-mode electromagnetic generators(RF-EMGs). The magnet pairs that produce attraction were used to transfer the external mechanical energy to the CS-TENGs, and packaging of the CS-TENGpart was achieved to protect it from the ambient environment. Under a rotatory speed of 100 rpm, the CS-TENGs enabled the TEHG to deliver an output voltage, current,and average power of 315.8 V, 44.6 μA, and ~ 90.7 μW,and the output of the RF-EMGs was 0.59 V, 1.78 m A, and 79.6 μW, respectively. The cylinder-like structure made the TEHG more easily driven by water flow and demonstrated to work as a practical power source to charge commercial capacitors. It can charge a 33μF capacitor from 0 to 2.1 V in 84 s, and the stored energy in the capacitor can drive an electronic thermometer and form a self-powered water-temperature sensing system.
基金the National Key Research&Development Project from the Minister of Science and Technology(Nos.2021YFA1201601 and 2021YFA1201604)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.3222023).
文摘The environmental micro-energy harvested by the triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator(TEHG)can power sensors and Internet of Things(IoT)nodes in smart agriculture.However,the separation structure of traditional TEHG raises the complexity of form and material,which is harmful to the miniaturization of the device.Herein,a single-material-substrated triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator(SMS-TEHG)based on the flexible magnets is designed to achieve the structural integration of triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)and electromagnetic generator(EMG).The flexible magnets serve as the electropositive triboelectric materials for TENG and the magnetic materials for EMG,simplifying the structural complexity of TEHG.The open-circuit voltage(VOC)of the TENG and EMG are 187.2 and 9.0 V at 300 rpm,respectively.After 30,000 cycles of stability testing,the VOC of the TENG and EMG retain about 95.6%and 99.3%,respectively.Additionally,the self-powered applications driven by SMS-TEHG in intelligent greenhouse have been successfully demonstrated,such as crop light supplementation,rain monitoring,and wireless temperature and humidity sensing.This work provides a new design for TEHG and possibilities for applying TEHG and IoT in smart agriculture.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2004800)the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.61525107)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation for China as National Major Scientific Instruments Development Project(Grant No.61727806)the Fund for Key Laboratory of Equipment Pre-research(Grant No.6142001190409)。
文摘The development of wireless monitoring is currently restricted by the short lifetime of batteries,requiring frequent replacement.Utilization of abundant mechanical energy from the surrounding environment has attracted increasing attention in real-time monitoring.Herein,a coil-levitated hybrid generator was developed for the efficient harvesting of mechanical energy from mechanical motion.The novel coil-levitated structure adapted to the metal and magnetic environment.The output currents were systematically analyzed at different operation modes based on the unique combination of triboelectrification,electromagnetic induction,and piezoelectric effect.Under the excitation of vibration frequency and amplitude of 8 Hz and 5 mm respectively,the as-constructed triboelectric nanogenerator delivered a peak power density of 11.40 W/m3 at 10 MΩ.Meanwhile,the middle electromagnetic part and bottom piezoelectric generator provided peak power densities of 6.97 and 79.93 W/m2 at 10000Ω,respectively.More importantly,the battery charging experiment was verified,in which a 30 mA h Li-ion battery can be charged from 2.57 to 3.27 V in about 90 min.In sum,a self-powered temperature and vibration monitoring system was successfully developed based on hybrid generator,promising for realizing wireless monitoring of mechanical equipment without any external power supply.
基金the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51490683).
文摘Modeling and simulation have emerged as an indispensable approach to create numerical experiment platforms and study engineering systems.However,the increasingly complicated systems that engineers face today dramatically challenge state-of-the-art modeling and simulation approaches.Such complicated systems,which are composed of not only continuous states but also discrete events,and which contain complex dynamics across multiple timescales,are defined as generalized hybrid systems(GHSs)in this paper.As a representative GHS,megawatt power electronics(MPE)systems have been largely integrated into the modern power grid,but MPE simulation remains a bottleneck due to its unacceptable time cost and poor convergence.To address this challenge,this paper proposes the numerical convex lens approach to achieve state-discretized modeling and simulation of GHSs.This approach transforms conventional time-discretized passive simulations designed for pure-continuous systems into state-discretized selective simulations designed for GHSs.When this approach was applied to a largescale MPE-based renewable energy system,a 1000-fold increase in simulation speed was achieved,in comparison with existing software.Furthermore,the proposed approach uniquely enables the switching transient simulation of a largescale megawatt system with high accuracy,compared with experimental results,and with no convergence concerns.The numerical convex lens approach leads to the highly efficient simulation of intricate GHSs across multiple timescales,and thus significantly extends engineers’capability to study systems with numerical experiments.
文摘By the modified three-field Hu-Washizu principle, this paper establishes a theoretical founda- tion and general convenient formulations to generate convergent stable generalized hybrid/mixed cle- ment (GH/ME) model which is invariant with respect to coordinate, insensitive to geometric distortion and suitable for improved stress computation. In the two proposed formulations, the stress equilibrium and orthogonality constraints are imposed through incompatible displacement and internal strain modes respectively. The proposed model by the general formulations in this paper is characterized by including as- sumed stress/strain, assumed stress, variable-node, singular, compatible and incompatible GH/ME models. When using regular meshes or the constant values of the isoparametric Jacobian Det in the assumed strain in- terpolation, the incompatible GH/ME model degenerates to the hybrid/mixed element model. Both general and concrete guidelines for the optimal selection of element shape functions are suggested. By means of the GH/ME theory in this paper, a family of new GH/ME can be and have been easily constructed. The software can also be developed conveniently because all the standard subroutines for the corresponding isoparametric displacement elements can be utilized directly.
基金The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In this paper the equivalence of the generalized hybrid element and the modified Wilson element, which is derived by the generalized hybrid method, is proved.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（71401134, 71571144, 71171164） Supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province（2015JM1003）+1 种基金 Sup- ported by the Program of International Cooperation and Exchanges in Science and Technology Funded of Shaanxi Province（2016KW-033） Supported by the Scholarship Program of Shanxi Province（2016-015）
文摘Statistical inference is developed for the analysis of generalized type-Ⅱ hybrid censoring data under exponential competing risks model. In order to solve the problem that approximate methods make unsatisfactory performances in the case of small sample size,we establish the exact conditional distributions of estimators for parameters by conditional moment generating function(CMGF). Furthermore, confidence intervals(CIs) are constructed by exact distributions, approximate distributions as well as bootstrap method respectively,and their performances are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. And finally, a real data set is analyzed to illustrate all the methods developed here.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M650260)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11501433)。
文摘The inference for the dependent competing risks model is studied and the dependent structure of failure causes is modeled by a Marshall-Olkin bivariate Rayleigh distribution. Under generalized progressive hybrid censoring(GPHC), maximum likelihood estimates are established and the confidence intervals are constructed based on the asymptotic theory. Bayesian estimates and the highest posterior density credible intervals are obtained by using Gibbs sampling. Simulation and a real life electrical appliances data set are used for practical illustration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2293691,12172176,12272181,12311530052,and 12150002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705400)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20220074,BK20211191,and BK20212008)the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(MCMS-I-0421G01 and MCMS-I-0422K01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NE2023003,NC2023001,NJ2023002,and NJ2022002)the Fund of Prospective Layout of Scientific Research for NUAA(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics).
文摘Water evaporation is a ubiquitous natural process exploiting thermal energy from ambient environment.Hydrovoltaic technologies emerged in recent years offer one prospective route to generate electricity from water evaporation,which has long been overlooked.Herein,we developed a hybrid hydrovoltaic generator driven by natural water evaporation,integrating an“evaporation motor”with an evaporation-electricity device and a droplet-electricity device.A rotary motion of the“evaporation motor”relies on phase change of ethanol driven by water-evaporation induced temperature gradient.This motion enables the evaporation-electricity device to work under a beneficial water-film operation mode to produce output of~4 V and~0.2μA,as well as propels the droplet-electricity device to convert mechanical energy into pulsed output of~100 V and~0.2 mA.As different types of hydrovoltaic devices require distinctive stimuli,it was challenging to make them work simultaneously,especially under one single driving force.We here for the first time empower two types of hydrovoltaic devices solely by omnipresent water evaporation.Therefore,this work presents a new pathway to exploiting water evaporation-associated ambient thermal energy and provides insights on developing hybrid hydrovoltaic generators.
文摘In this paper, we focus on a new approach based on new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted aggregation operators, in which the evaluation information provided by decision makers is expressed in hesitant fuzzy elements (HFEs) and the information about attribute weights and aggregation-associated vector is unknown. More explicitly, some new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted aggregation operators are proposed, such as the new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted averaging (NGHFHWA) operator and the new generalized hesitant fuzzy hybrid weighted geometric (NGHFHWG) operator. Some desirable properties and the relationships between them are discussed. Then, a new algorithm for hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (HF-MADM) problems with unknown weight information is introduced. Further, a practical example is used to illustrate the detailed implementation process of the proposed approach. A sensitivity analysis of the decision results is analyzed with different parameters. Finally, comparative studies are given to verify the advantages of our method.
基金Humanities and Social Sciences Fund in Ministry of Education in China(18YJC910009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12061091)Program for the Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi(201803050)。
文摘This paper investigates a simple step-stress accelerated lifetime test(SSALT)model for the inferential analysis of exponential competing risks data.A generalized type-I hybrid censoring scheme is employed to improve the efficiency and controllability of the test.Firstly,the MLEs for parameters are established based on the cumulative exposure model(CEM).Then the conditional moment generating function(MGF)for unknown parameters is set up using conditional expectation and multiple integral techniques.Thirdly,confidence intervals(CIs)are constructed by the exact MGF-based method,the approximate normality-based method,and the bias-corrected and accelerated(BCa)percentile bootstrap method.Finally,we present simulation studies and an illustrative example to compare the performances of different methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62171414,52175554,52205608,and U2341210)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.20210302123059 and 20210302124610)+1 种基金Hebei Province Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(Grant No.236Z4901G)the National Defense Fundamental Research Project。
文摘Given the intensifying scarcity of non-renewable energy sources,wind power is garnering importance across various fields.However,the prevalent wind power generation technologies have different problems,such as small output and low conversion efficiency.Hence,in this study,we propose a high-performance hybrid wind energy generator with a bidirectional acceleration structure.Based on a reversing gear,the magnet-coil rotor pair moves in a circular motion at equal speeds and in opposite directions,resulting in twice the output performance of a conventional generator and improving the conversion efficiency up to38.4%.The optimized wind turbine structure and the soft contact of the triboelectric material allow the generator to start functioning at low wind speeds of 3 m/s.Simultaneously,it can detect wind speeds ranging from 3 to 15 m/s with a linearity of up to 0.997.At a wind speed of 6 m/s,the generator's output power reaches 165.76 m W,which can transmit the data of the light sensor to a computer via Bluetooth for real-time display and also power small electronic devices such as thermo-hygrometers,which demonstrates a wide range of applications in the field of sustainable monitoring.
