We fabricate flexible conductive and transparent graphene films on position-emission-tomography substrates and prepare large area graphene films by graphite oxide sheets with the new technical process. The multi-layer...We fabricate flexible conductive and transparent graphene films on position-emission-tomography substrates and prepare large area graphene films by graphite oxide sheets with the new technical process. The multi-layer graphene oxide sheets can be chemically reduced by HNO3 and HI to form a highly conductive graphene film on a substrate at lower temperature. The reduced graphene oxide sheets show a high conductivity sheet with resistance of 476Ω/sq and transmittance of 76% at 550nm （6 layers）. The technique used to produce the transparent conductive graphene thin film is facile, inexpensive, and can be tunable for a large area production applied for electronics or touch screens.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has led to a great demand on the personal protection products such as reusable masks.As a key raw material for masks,meltblown fabrics play an important role in rejection...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has led to a great demand on the personal protection products such as reusable masks.As a key raw material for masks,meltblown fabrics play an important role in rejection of aerosols.However,the electrostatic dominated aerosol rejection mechanism of meltblown fabrics prevents the mask from maintaining the desired protective effect after the static charge degradation.Herein,novel reusable masks with high aerosols rejection efficiency were fabricated by the introduction of spider-web bionic nanofiber membrane(nano cobweb-biomimetic membrane).The reuse stability of meltblown and nanofiber membrane mask was separately evaluated by infiltrating water,75%alcohol solution,and exposing under ultraviolet(UV)light.After the water immersion test,the filtration efficiency of meltblown mask was decreased to about 79%,while the nanofiber membrane was maintained at 99%.The same phenomenon could be observed after the 75%alcohol treatment,a high filtration efficiency of 99%was maintained in nanofiber membrane,but obvious negative effect was observed in meltblown mask,which decreased to about 50%.In addition,after long-term expose under UV light,no filtration efficiency decrease was observed in nanofiber membrane,which provide a suitable way to disinfect the potential carried virus.This work successfully achieved the daily disinfection and reuse of masks,which effectively alleviate the shortage of masks during this special period.展开更多
There was a long history of releasing various monocrystalline semiconductor structures from their hosting substrates to form“freestanding”structures,in order to change the substrates and for other special purposes.T...There was a long history of releasing various monocrystalline semiconductor structures from their hosting substrates to form“freestanding”structures,in order to change the substrates and for other special purposes.The release was achieved by breaking the bonds between the film and the substrate,through methods such as forming interfacial gas bubbles(“smart-cut”technology for fabricating semiconductor-on-insulator wafers)or chemical etching(selectively etching epitaxial AlAs underlayer for fabricating GaAs-on-silicon photonic devices).The exfoliation of layered van der Waals materials in recent decades also produced another class of freestanding monocrystalline materials—twodimensional(2D)materials.In addition to changeable substrates,being freestanding also allowed unique methods to manipulate the 2D materials;for example,transferring them on flexible substrates and directly stretching them controls the strain in their lattice,as well as their strain-dependent physical properties.展开更多
Various yarn-shaped flexible strain sensors have recently been developed.However,research is lacking on additive manufacturing for smart clothing for integrating yarn sensors with commercial garments.Herein,a strain-s...Various yarn-shaped flexible strain sensors have recently been developed.However,research is lacking on additive manufacturing for smart clothing for integrating yarn sensors with commercial garments.Herein,a strain-sensing yarn is sewn into a piece of fabric through a novel stitching technique,and the influence of the stitching method and needle pitch on the sensing performance is investigated using finite element analysis(FEA).The sensing performance could be improved when the sensing yarn is self-locked in the fabric at the needle eyes,and the needle pitch was reduced to 0.5 cm,which is attributed to the enhanced stress and strain concentration.Meanwhile,the composite sensing fabric featured outstanding performance,including a low detection limit(0.1%),rapid response(280 ms),excellent durability(10000 cycles),and high stability(negligible drift and frequency independence).In addition,the remarkable wear resistance,washability,and anti-interference to ambient humidity and perspiration were obtained.Therein,the optimal stitch trace lengths of sensing yarn for detecting elbow motion,breathing,and heartbeats are discussed.Finally,a smart clothing system composed of smart clothing,data acquisition unit,and mobile APP was developed to simultaneously detect human movement and physiological signals.This work provides a reference to produce intelligent garments based on yarn sensors for health monitoring.展开更多
To reduce the cost and achieve high diffraction efficiency, a modified moir@ technique for fabricating a large- aperture multi-level Fresnel membrane optic by a novel design of alignment marks is proposed. The modifie...To reduce the cost and achieve high diffraction efficiency, a modified moir@ technique for fabricating a large- aperture multi-level Fresnel membrane optic by a novel design of alignment marks is proposed. The modified moire fringes vary more sensitively with the actual misalignment. Hence, the alignment accuracy is significantly improved. Using the proposed method, a 20 μm thick, four-level Fresnel diffractive polyimide membrane optic with a 200 mm diameter is made, which exhibits over 62% diffraction efficiency into the ＋1 order, and an efficiency root mean square of 0.051.展开更多
This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurem...This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement range.Inspired by the structure of bamboo slips,we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric electrode.The resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%.The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response,while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the wearer.Our design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical applications.Through systematic investigation,we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response,offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain sensors.The sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications,from micro-strain to large-strain detection,highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses,demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.展开更多
The Janus fabrics designed for personal moisture/thermal regulation have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance human comfort.However,the development of smart and dynamic fabrics capable of mana...The Janus fabrics designed for personal moisture/thermal regulation have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance human comfort.However,the development of smart and dynamic fabrics capable of managing personal moisture/thermal comfort in response to changing external environments remains a challenge.Herein,a smart cellulose-based Janus fabric was designed to dynamically manage personal moisture/heat.The cotton fabric was grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide to construct a temperature-stimulated transport channel.Subsequently,hydrophobic ethyl cellulose and hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber were sprayed on the bottom and top sides of the fabric to obtain wettability gradient.The fabric exhibits anti-gravity directional liquid transportation from hydrophobic side to hydrophilic side,and can dynamically and continuously control the transportation time in a wide range of 3–66 s as the temperature increases from 10 to 40℃.This smart fabric can quickly dissipate heat at high temperatures,while at low temperatures,it can slow down the heat dissipation rate and prevent the human from becoming too cold.In addition,the fabric has UV shielding and photodynamic antibacterial properties through depositing graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets on the hydrophilic side.This smart fabric offers an innovative approach to maximizing personal comfort in environments with significant temperature variations.展开更多
This research study fabrics to ensure that they are free from carcinogenic dyes. It has been observed that there are poor-quality fabrics and consumers go to buy them without paying attention to the risks of using pro...This research study fabrics to ensure that they are free from carcinogenic dyes. It has been observed that there are poor-quality fabrics and consumers go to buy them without paying attention to the risks of using prohibited materials in the manufacture of these fabrics, and the use of unknown dyes has proven that some of them cause diseases to humans, especially children, that cause cancerous diseases. With the study sample consisting of (7), the study results indicate the presence of toxic formaldehyde in all sample dyes obtained from discount markets and online shopping.展开更多
Nanotechnology is transforming the textile industry by embedding UV-blocking and antimicrobial agents into fabric fibres at the molecular level. This study explores the development of biocomposites and nanocomposite m...Nanotechnology is transforming the textile industry by embedding UV-blocking and antimicrobial agents into fabric fibres at the molecular level. This study explores the development of biocomposites and nanocomposite materials for UV protection and microbial resistance in clothing. Nanoscale UV-blocking agents enhance the protection of textiles against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Recent studies on composites such as ZnO/carboxymethyl chitosan, polyacrylonitrile with UV absorbers and TiO2 nanoparticles, and lignin-TiO composites have shown significant improvements in UV protection and some antibacterial activity. Techniques such as electrospinning, hydrothermal synthesis, and natural fibre welding were used to create these composites, focusing on ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles for dual functionality. Research on nanoscale UV-blocking agents could revolutionise sun protection in clothing and offer better safety against ultraviolet radiation. Multifunctional composites with UV-blocking and antibacterial properties could advance the use of protective clothing in various industries and outdoor activities. Emphasising natural fibres and sustainable materials aligns with the global trend towards eco-friendly solutions, leading to more environmentally friendly products. This literature review aims to comprehensively review and analyze current research on UV protective knit fabrics using nanotechnology, nanocomposites, and biocomposites. It seeks to identify research gaps, evaluate different approaches, and provide insights for future developments in this field.展开更多
From a harmonized structural map at the scale of a portion of SW Burkina Faso (90 × 80 km2), we targeted prospective zones on the basis of structural criteria and structure-geology relationships. The map was cons...From a harmonized structural map at the scale of a portion of SW Burkina Faso (90 × 80 km2), we targeted prospective zones on the basis of structural criteria and structure-geology relationships. The map was constructed from an aeromagnetic image, and the geology was deduced from old geological maps. The procedure involved extracting the magnetic fabric and deducing the deformation gradients, which led to the identification of shear zones. Analysis and interpretation of the structural geometry of the obtained structural pattern led us to target areas of interference between structures or geology-structures interplays, which are conducive to the deposition of metallic elements. The subsequent overlay of known gold prospects and deposits documented in the region revealed the validity of the predefined prospects. This result reinforces the applicability of the methodology as a first-order regional approach to mineral exploration.展开更多
Bangladesh’s thriving okra cultivation sector annually yields substantial harvests, yet a significant portion of the plant remains underutilized after harvesting, posing as agricultural waste. This oversight neglects...Bangladesh’s thriving okra cultivation sector annually yields substantial harvests, yet a significant portion of the plant remains underutilized after harvesting, posing as agricultural waste. This oversight neglects the economic potential of okra fiber, which is versatile and valuable across various industries. This paper explores this untapped potential by investigating the physico-mechanical properties, chemical treatments, and fabrication techniques of okra fiber, drawing from a wealth of research. Comparative analyses with established natural fibers like jute and sisal shed light on okra fiber’s transformative role in Bangladesh’s economic landscape. Along with the applications in the fashion world, meticulous investigation into its mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics uncovers inherent strengths and integration pathways into industrial applications. Strategies for optimizing yield and quality, including novel approaches like photo-grafting and protein extraction, are explored. Considerations for cytotoxicity and environmental sustainability ensure its viability as a green resource. This research aims to unlock okra fiber’s full potential, positioning Bangladesh for sustainable economic development and innovation.展开更多
Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synth...Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synthetic fibers, which trap heat and minimize heat loss. Resistance to wind, rain, and snow is provided by waterproof and windproof fabrics, while breathability allows moisture to escape, maintaining a comfortable microclimate. Air permeability and water resistance are essential for achieving this balance. This study examines two outdoor jacket prototypes with six material layers each. The outer layer (Layer 1) consists of 100% polyester coated with polyurethane for waterproofing. Inner layers (Layers 2, 3, and 6) use wool/cotton and wool/polyamide blends, offering insulation and moisture-wicking properties. Down feathers are used as the filling material, providing excellent warmth. Advanced materials like graphene and silver honeycomb fabrics were included to enhance thermal conductivity and regulate heat transfer. Performance testing focused on thermal conductivity, comfort (water and air permeability), and mechanical properties like tensile strength and tear resistance. Tests also assessed spray application and fastness to evaluate durability under environmental exposure. Results showed that jackets with silver-infused honeycomb fabrics had superior thermal conductivity, enabling better heat regulation and comfort in harsh conditions. The findings highlight the advantages of integrating silver honeycomb fabrics into outdoor jackets. These materials enhance insulation, thermal regulation, and overall comfort, making them ideal for high-performance designs. Incorporating such fabrics ensures functionality, durability, and user protection in extreme environments.展开更多
Surface modification of fabrics is an effective way to endow them with antifouling properties while still maintaining their key advantages such as comfort,softness and stretchability.Herein,an atmospheric pressure die...Surface modification of fabrics is an effective way to endow them with antifouling properties while still maintaining their key advantages such as comfort,softness and stretchability.Herein,an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma method is demonstrated for the processing of silk fabrics using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane(PFDS)as the precursor.The results showed the successful grafting of PFDS groups onto the surface of silk fabrics without causing damage.Meanwhile,the gas temperature is rather low during the whole processing procedure,suggesting the non-equilibrium characteristics of DBD plasma.The influence on fabrics of the processing parameters(PFDS concentration,plasma treatment time and plasma discharge power)was systematically investigated.An optimum processing condition was determined to be a PFDS concentration of 8wt%,a plasma processing time of 40 s and a plasma power of 11.87 W.However,with prolonged plasma processing time or enhanced plasma power,the plasma-grafted PFDS films could be degraded.Further study revealed that plasma processing of silk fabrics with PFDS would lead to a change in their chemical composition and surface roughness.As a result,the surface energy of the fabrics was reduced,accompanied by improved water and oil repellency as well as enhanced antifouling performance.Besides,the plasma-grafted PFDS films also had good durability and stability.By extending the method to polyester and wool against different oil-/water-based stains,the DBD plasma surface modification technique demonstrated good versatility in improving the antifouling properties of fabrics.This work provides guidance for the surface modification of fabrics using DBD plasma to confer them with desirable functionalities.展开更多
In this paper,a lifted Haar transform(LHT)image compression optical chip has been researched to achieve rapid image compression.The chip comprises 32 same image compression optical circuits,and each circuit contains a...In this paper,a lifted Haar transform(LHT)image compression optical chip has been researched to achieve rapid image compression.The chip comprises 32 same image compression optical circuits,and each circuit contains a 2×2 multimode interference(MMI)coupler and aπ/2 delay line phase shifter as the key components.The chip uses highly borosilicate glass as the substrate,Su8 negative photoresist as the core layer,and air as the cladding layer.Its horizontal and longitudinal dimensions are 8011μm×10000μm.Simulation results present that the designed optical circuit has a coupling ratio(CR)of 0:100 and an insertion loss(IL)of 0.001548 d B.Then the chip is fabricated by femtosecond laser and testing results illustrate that the chip has a CR of 6:94 and an IL of 0.518 d B.So,the prepared chip possesses good image compression performance.展开更多
The bioinert nature of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)material limits the widespread clinical application of PEEK implants.Although the porous structure is considered to improve osseointegration of PEEK implants,it is ha...The bioinert nature of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)material limits the widespread clinical application of PEEK implants.Although the porous structure is considered to improve osseointegration of PEEK implants,it is hardly used due to its mechanical properties.This study investigated the combined influence of the porous structure and in vivo mechanical stimulation on implantation safety and bone growth based on finite element analysis of the biomechanical behavior of the implantation system.The combined control of pore size and screw preloads allows the porous PEEK implant to achieve good osseointegration while maintaining a relatively high safety level.A pore size of 600μm and a preload of 0.05 N·m are the optimal combination for the long-term stability of the implant,with which the safety factor of the implant is>2,and the predicted percentage of effective bone growth area of the bone-implant interface reaches 97%.For further clinical application,PEEK implants were fabricated with fused filament fabrication(FFF)three-dimensional(3D)printing,and clinical outcomes demonstrated better bone repair efficacy and long-term stability of porous PEEK implants compared to solid PEEK implants.Moreover,good osteointegration performance of 3D-printed porous PEEK implants was observed,with an average bone volume fraction>40%three months after implantation.In conclusion,3D-printed porous PEEK implants have great potential for clinical application,with validated implantation safety and good osseointegration.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)printing,also known as additive manufacturing(AM),has undergone a phase of rapid development in the fabrication of customizable and high-precision parts.Thanks to the advancements in 3D printing t...Three-dimensional(3D)printing,also known as additive manufacturing(AM),has undergone a phase of rapid development in the fabrication of customizable and high-precision parts.Thanks to the advancements in 3D printing technologies,it is now a reality to print cells,growth factors,and various biocompatible materials altogether into arbitrarily complex 3D scaffolds with high degree of structural and functional similarities to the native tissue environment.Additionally,with overpowering advantages in molding efficiency,resolution,and a wide selection of applicable materials,optical 3D printing methods have undoubtedly become the most suitable approach for scaffold fabrication in tissue engineering(TE).In this paper,we first provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of current optical 3D printing methods for scaffold fabrication,including traditional extrusion-based processes,selective laser sintering,stereolithography,and two-photon polymerization etc.Specifically,we review the optical design,materials,and representative applications,followed by fabrication performance comparison.Important metrics include fabrication precision,rate,materials,and application scenarios.Finally,we summarize and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each technique to guide readers in the optics and TE communities to select the most fitting printing approach under different application scenarios.展开更多
随着区块链技术应用的普及,联盟链Hyperledger Fabric(简称Fabric)已成为知名区块链开源平台,并得到广泛关注.然而Fabric仍受困于并发事务间冲突问题,冲突发生时会引发大量无效交易上链,导致吞吐量下降,阻碍其发展.对于该问题,现有面向...随着区块链技术应用的普及,联盟链Hyperledger Fabric(简称Fabric)已成为知名区块链开源平台,并得到广泛关注.然而Fabric仍受困于并发事务间冲突问题,冲突发生时会引发大量无效交易上链,导致吞吐量下降,阻碍其发展.对于该问题,现有面向块内冲突的方案缺乏高效的冲突检测和避免方法,同时现有研究往往忽略区块间冲突对吞吐量的不利影响.提出了一种Fabric的优化方案Fabric-HT(fabric with high throughput),从区块内和区块间2方面入手,有效降低事务间并发冲突和提高系统吞吐量.针对区块内事务冲突,提出了一种事务调度机制,根据块内冲突事务集定义了一种高效数据结构——依赖关系链,识别具有“危险结构”的事务并提前中止,合理调度事务和消除冲突;针对区块间事务冲突,将冲突事务检测提前至排序节点完成,建立以“推送-匹配”为核心的冲突事务早期避免机制.在多场景下开展大量实验,结果表明Fabric-HT在吞吐量、事务中止率、事务平均执行时间、无效事务空间占用率等方面均优于对比方案.Fabric-HT吞吐量最高可达Fabric的9.51倍,是最新优化方案FabricSharp的1.18倍;空间利用率上相比FabricSharp提升了14%.此外,Fabric-HT也表现出较好的鲁棒性和抗攻击能力.展开更多
基金Supported by the Basic Research Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grant No NY212002the Innovative Research Team in University under Grant No IRT1148the 2014 Shuangchuang Program of Jiangsu Province
文摘We fabricate flexible conductive and transparent graphene films on position-emission-tomography substrates and prepare large area graphene films by graphite oxide sheets with the new technical process. The multi-layer graphene oxide sheets can be chemically reduced by HNO3 and HI to form a highly conductive graphene film on a substrate at lower temperature. The reduced graphene oxide sheets show a high conductivity sheet with resistance of 476Ω/sq and transmittance of 76% at 550nm （6 layers）. The technique used to produce the transparent conductive graphene thin film is facile, inexpensive, and can be tunable for a large area production applied for electronics or touch screens.
基金the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFE0203500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21921006,21878148)the Key Industrial Research and Development International Cooperation Project(BZ2018004)。
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has led to a great demand on the personal protection products such as reusable masks.As a key raw material for masks,meltblown fabrics play an important role in rejection of aerosols.However,the electrostatic dominated aerosol rejection mechanism of meltblown fabrics prevents the mask from maintaining the desired protective effect after the static charge degradation.Herein,novel reusable masks with high aerosols rejection efficiency were fabricated by the introduction of spider-web bionic nanofiber membrane(nano cobweb-biomimetic membrane).The reuse stability of meltblown and nanofiber membrane mask was separately evaluated by infiltrating water,75%alcohol solution,and exposing under ultraviolet(UV)light.After the water immersion test,the filtration efficiency of meltblown mask was decreased to about 79%,while the nanofiber membrane was maintained at 99%.The same phenomenon could be observed after the 75%alcohol treatment,a high filtration efficiency of 99%was maintained in nanofiber membrane,but obvious negative effect was observed in meltblown mask,which decreased to about 50%.In addition,after long-term expose under UV light,no filtration efficiency decrease was observed in nanofiber membrane,which provide a suitable way to disinfect the potential carried virus.This work successfully achieved the daily disinfection and reuse of masks,which effectively alleviate the shortage of masks during this special period.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant no.62274150University of Science and Technology of China.
文摘There was a long history of releasing various monocrystalline semiconductor structures from their hosting substrates to form“freestanding”structures,in order to change the substrates and for other special purposes.The release was achieved by breaking the bonds between the film and the substrate,through methods such as forming interfacial gas bubbles(“smart-cut”technology for fabricating semiconductor-on-insulator wafers)or chemical etching(selectively etching epitaxial AlAs underlayer for fabricating GaAs-on-silicon photonic devices).The exfoliation of layered van der Waals materials in recent decades also produced another class of freestanding monocrystalline materials—twodimensional(2D)materials.In addition to changeable substrates,being freestanding also allowed unique methods to manipulate the 2D materials;for example,transferring them on flexible substrates and directly stretching them controls the strain in their lattice,as well as their strain-dependent physical properties.
基金supported by the Qing Lan Projectthe Third-Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions+1 种基金the Science and Technology Guidance Project of China National Textile and Apparel Council(Grant No.2020102)the Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2019045)。
文摘Various yarn-shaped flexible strain sensors have recently been developed.However,research is lacking on additive manufacturing for smart clothing for integrating yarn sensors with commercial garments.Herein,a strain-sensing yarn is sewn into a piece of fabric through a novel stitching technique,and the influence of the stitching method and needle pitch on the sensing performance is investigated using finite element analysis(FEA).The sensing performance could be improved when the sensing yarn is self-locked in the fabric at the needle eyes,and the needle pitch was reduced to 0.5 cm,which is attributed to the enhanced stress and strain concentration.Meanwhile,the composite sensing fabric featured outstanding performance,including a low detection limit(0.1%),rapid response(280 ms),excellent durability(10000 cycles),and high stability(negligible drift and frequency independence).In addition,the remarkable wear resistance,washability,and anti-interference to ambient humidity and perspiration were obtained.Therein,the optimal stitch trace lengths of sensing yarn for detecting elbow motion,breathing,and heartbeats are discussed.Finally,a smart clothing system composed of smart clothing,data acquisition unit,and mobile APP was developed to simultaneously detect human movement and physiological signals.This work provides a reference to produce intelligent garments based on yarn sensors for health monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11375175
文摘To reduce the cost and achieve high diffraction efficiency, a modified moir@ technique for fabricating a large- aperture multi-level Fresnel membrane optic by a novel design of alignment marks is proposed. The modified moire fringes vary more sensitively with the actual misalignment. Hence, the alignment accuracy is significantly improved. Using the proposed method, a 20 μm thick, four-level Fresnel diffractive polyimide membrane optic with a 200 mm diameter is made, which exhibits over 62% diffraction efficiency into the ＋1 order, and an efficiency root mean square of 0.051.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.0214100221,51925503).
文摘This study presents a breakthrough in flexible strain sensor technology with the development of an ultrahigh sensitivity and wide-range sensor,addressing the critical challenge of reconciling sensitivity with measurement range.Inspired by the structure of bamboo slips,we introduce a novel approach that utilises liquid metal to modulate the electrical pathways within a cracked platinum fabric electrode.The resulting sensor demonstrates a gauge factor greater than 108 and a strain measurement capability exceeding 100%.The integration of patterned liquid metal enables customisable tuning of the sensor’s response,while the porous fabric structure ensures superior comfort and air permeability for the wearer.Our design not only optimises the sensor’s performance but also enhances the electrical stability that is essential for practical applications.Through systematic investigation,we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms governing the sensor’s response,offering valuable insights for the design of wearable strain sensors.The sensor’s exceptional performance across a spectrum of applications,from micro-strain to large-strain detection,highlights its potential for a wide range of real-world uses,demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of flexible electronics.
基金support of this work by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC19059003)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJB430024)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB680)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The Janus fabrics designed for personal moisture/thermal regulation have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance human comfort.However,the development of smart and dynamic fabrics capable of managing personal moisture/thermal comfort in response to changing external environments remains a challenge.Herein,a smart cellulose-based Janus fabric was designed to dynamically manage personal moisture/heat.The cotton fabric was grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide to construct a temperature-stimulated transport channel.Subsequently,hydrophobic ethyl cellulose and hydrophilic cellulose nanofiber were sprayed on the bottom and top sides of the fabric to obtain wettability gradient.The fabric exhibits anti-gravity directional liquid transportation from hydrophobic side to hydrophilic side,and can dynamically and continuously control the transportation time in a wide range of 3–66 s as the temperature increases from 10 to 40℃.This smart fabric can quickly dissipate heat at high temperatures,while at low temperatures,it can slow down the heat dissipation rate and prevent the human from becoming too cold.In addition,the fabric has UV shielding and photodynamic antibacterial properties through depositing graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets on the hydrophilic side.This smart fabric offers an innovative approach to maximizing personal comfort in environments with significant temperature variations.
文摘This research study fabrics to ensure that they are free from carcinogenic dyes. It has been observed that there are poor-quality fabrics and consumers go to buy them without paying attention to the risks of using prohibited materials in the manufacture of these fabrics, and the use of unknown dyes has proven that some of them cause diseases to humans, especially children, that cause cancerous diseases. With the study sample consisting of (7), the study results indicate the presence of toxic formaldehyde in all sample dyes obtained from discount markets and online shopping.
文摘Nanotechnology is transforming the textile industry by embedding UV-blocking and antimicrobial agents into fabric fibres at the molecular level. This study explores the development of biocomposites and nanocomposite materials for UV protection and microbial resistance in clothing. Nanoscale UV-blocking agents enhance the protection of textiles against harmful ultraviolet radiation. Recent studies on composites such as ZnO/carboxymethyl chitosan, polyacrylonitrile with UV absorbers and TiO2 nanoparticles, and lignin-TiO composites have shown significant improvements in UV protection and some antibacterial activity. Techniques such as electrospinning, hydrothermal synthesis, and natural fibre welding were used to create these composites, focusing on ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles for dual functionality. Research on nanoscale UV-blocking agents could revolutionise sun protection in clothing and offer better safety against ultraviolet radiation. Multifunctional composites with UV-blocking and antibacterial properties could advance the use of protective clothing in various industries and outdoor activities. Emphasising natural fibres and sustainable materials aligns with the global trend towards eco-friendly solutions, leading to more environmentally friendly products. This literature review aims to comprehensively review and analyze current research on UV protective knit fabrics using nanotechnology, nanocomposites, and biocomposites. It seeks to identify research gaps, evaluate different approaches, and provide insights for future developments in this field.
文摘From a harmonized structural map at the scale of a portion of SW Burkina Faso (90 × 80 km2), we targeted prospective zones on the basis of structural criteria and structure-geology relationships. The map was constructed from an aeromagnetic image, and the geology was deduced from old geological maps. The procedure involved extracting the magnetic fabric and deducing the deformation gradients, which led to the identification of shear zones. Analysis and interpretation of the structural geometry of the obtained structural pattern led us to target areas of interference between structures or geology-structures interplays, which are conducive to the deposition of metallic elements. The subsequent overlay of known gold prospects and deposits documented in the region revealed the validity of the predefined prospects. This result reinforces the applicability of the methodology as a first-order regional approach to mineral exploration.
文摘Bangladesh’s thriving okra cultivation sector annually yields substantial harvests, yet a significant portion of the plant remains underutilized after harvesting, posing as agricultural waste. This oversight neglects the economic potential of okra fiber, which is versatile and valuable across various industries. This paper explores this untapped potential by investigating the physico-mechanical properties, chemical treatments, and fabrication techniques of okra fiber, drawing from a wealth of research. Comparative analyses with established natural fibers like jute and sisal shed light on okra fiber’s transformative role in Bangladesh’s economic landscape. Along with the applications in the fashion world, meticulous investigation into its mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics uncovers inherent strengths and integration pathways into industrial applications. Strategies for optimizing yield and quality, including novel approaches like photo-grafting and protein extraction, are explored. Considerations for cytotoxicity and environmental sustainability ensure its viability as a green resource. This research aims to unlock okra fiber’s full potential, positioning Bangladesh for sustainable economic development and innovation.
文摘Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synthetic fibers, which trap heat and minimize heat loss. Resistance to wind, rain, and snow is provided by waterproof and windproof fabrics, while breathability allows moisture to escape, maintaining a comfortable microclimate. Air permeability and water resistance are essential for achieving this balance. This study examines two outdoor jacket prototypes with six material layers each. The outer layer (Layer 1) consists of 100% polyester coated with polyurethane for waterproofing. Inner layers (Layers 2, 3, and 6) use wool/cotton and wool/polyamide blends, offering insulation and moisture-wicking properties. Down feathers are used as the filling material, providing excellent warmth. Advanced materials like graphene and silver honeycomb fabrics were included to enhance thermal conductivity and regulate heat transfer. Performance testing focused on thermal conductivity, comfort (water and air permeability), and mechanical properties like tensile strength and tear resistance. Tests also assessed spray application and fastness to evaluate durability under environmental exposure. Results showed that jackets with silver-infused honeycomb fabrics had superior thermal conductivity, enabling better heat regulation and comfort in harsh conditions. The findings highlight the advantages of integrating silver honeycomb fabrics into outdoor jackets. These materials enhance insulation, thermal regulation, and overall comfort, making them ideal for high-performance designs. Incorporating such fabrics ensures functionality, durability, and user protection in extreme environments.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078125 and 52004102)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2023M741472)。
文摘Surface modification of fabrics is an effective way to endow them with antifouling properties while still maintaining their key advantages such as comfort,softness and stretchability.Herein,an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma method is demonstrated for the processing of silk fabrics using 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane(PFDS)as the precursor.The results showed the successful grafting of PFDS groups onto the surface of silk fabrics without causing damage.Meanwhile,the gas temperature is rather low during the whole processing procedure,suggesting the non-equilibrium characteristics of DBD plasma.The influence on fabrics of the processing parameters(PFDS concentration,plasma treatment time and plasma discharge power)was systematically investigated.An optimum processing condition was determined to be a PFDS concentration of 8wt%,a plasma processing time of 40 s and a plasma power of 11.87 W.However,with prolonged plasma processing time or enhanced plasma power,the plasma-grafted PFDS films could be degraded.Further study revealed that plasma processing of silk fabrics with PFDS would lead to a change in their chemical composition and surface roughness.As a result,the surface energy of the fabrics was reduced,accompanied by improved water and oil repellency as well as enhanced antifouling performance.Besides,the plasma-grafted PFDS films also had good durability and stability.By extending the method to polyester and wool against different oil-/water-based stains,the DBD plasma surface modification technique demonstrated good versatility in improving the antifouling properties of fabrics.This work provides guidance for the surface modification of fabrics using DBD plasma to confer them with desirable functionalities.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2017CFB685)Hubei University of Technology"Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Equipment"Collaborative Innovation Center Open Research Fund(Nos.038/1201501 and 038/1201803)the College-level Project of Hubei University of Technology(Nos.4201/01758,4201/01802,4201/01889,and 4128/21025)。
文摘In this paper,a lifted Haar transform(LHT)image compression optical chip has been researched to achieve rapid image compression.The chip comprises 32 same image compression optical circuits,and each circuit contains a 2×2 multimode interference(MMI)coupler and aπ/2 delay line phase shifter as the key components.The chip uses highly borosilicate glass as the substrate,Su8 negative photoresist as the core layer,and air as the cladding layer.Its horizontal and longitudinal dimensions are 8011μm×10000μm.Simulation results present that the designed optical circuit has a coupling ratio(CR)of 0:100 and an insertion loss(IL)of 0.001548 d B.Then the chip is fabricated by femtosecond laser and testing results illustrate that the chip has a CR of 6:94 and an IL of 0.518 d B.So,the prepared chip possesses good image compression performance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB4603500)the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-CX-TD-17)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Shaanxi Province Qinchuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction Project(No.2022KXJ-106).
文摘The bioinert nature of polyether ether ketone(PEEK)material limits the widespread clinical application of PEEK implants.Although the porous structure is considered to improve osseointegration of PEEK implants,it is hardly used due to its mechanical properties.This study investigated the combined influence of the porous structure and in vivo mechanical stimulation on implantation safety and bone growth based on finite element analysis of the biomechanical behavior of the implantation system.The combined control of pore size and screw preloads allows the porous PEEK implant to achieve good osseointegration while maintaining a relatively high safety level.A pore size of 600μm and a preload of 0.05 N·m are the optimal combination for the long-term stability of the implant,with which the safety factor of the implant is>2,and the predicted percentage of effective bone growth area of the bone-implant interface reaches 97%.For further clinical application,PEEK implants were fabricated with fused filament fabrication(FFF)three-dimensional(3D)printing,and clinical outcomes demonstrated better bone repair efficacy and long-term stability of porous PEEK implants compared to solid PEEK implants.Moreover,good osteointegration performance of 3D-printed porous PEEK implants was observed,with an average bone volume fraction>40%three months after implantation.In conclusion,3D-printed porous PEEK implants have great potential for clinical application,with validated implantation safety and good osseointegration.
基金This work was supported by the Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC)(ITS/178/20FP)Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence(CPII)Ltd under the Innovation and Technology Fund.
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)printing,also known as additive manufacturing(AM),has undergone a phase of rapid development in the fabrication of customizable and high-precision parts.Thanks to the advancements in 3D printing technologies,it is now a reality to print cells,growth factors,and various biocompatible materials altogether into arbitrarily complex 3D scaffolds with high degree of structural and functional similarities to the native tissue environment.Additionally,with overpowering advantages in molding efficiency,resolution,and a wide selection of applicable materials,optical 3D printing methods have undoubtedly become the most suitable approach for scaffold fabrication in tissue engineering(TE).In this paper,we first provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of current optical 3D printing methods for scaffold fabrication,including traditional extrusion-based processes,selective laser sintering,stereolithography,and two-photon polymerization etc.Specifically,we review the optical design,materials,and representative applications,followed by fabrication performance comparison.Important metrics include fabrication precision,rate,materials,and application scenarios.Finally,we summarize and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each technique to guide readers in the optics and TE communities to select the most fitting printing approach under different application scenarios.
文摘随着区块链技术应用的普及,联盟链Hyperledger Fabric(简称Fabric)已成为知名区块链开源平台,并得到广泛关注.然而Fabric仍受困于并发事务间冲突问题,冲突发生时会引发大量无效交易上链,导致吞吐量下降,阻碍其发展.对于该问题,现有面向块内冲突的方案缺乏高效的冲突检测和避免方法,同时现有研究往往忽略区块间冲突对吞吐量的不利影响.提出了一种Fabric的优化方案Fabric-HT(fabric with high throughput),从区块内和区块间2方面入手,有效降低事务间并发冲突和提高系统吞吐量.针对区块内事务冲突,提出了一种事务调度机制,根据块内冲突事务集定义了一种高效数据结构——依赖关系链,识别具有“危险结构”的事务并提前中止,合理调度事务和消除冲突;针对区块间事务冲突,将冲突事务检测提前至排序节点完成,建立以“推送-匹配”为核心的冲突事务早期避免机制.在多场景下开展大量实验,结果表明Fabric-HT在吞吐量、事务中止率、事务平均执行时间、无效事务空间占用率等方面均优于对比方案.Fabric-HT吞吐量最高可达Fabric的9.51倍,是最新优化方案FabricSharp的1.18倍;空间利用率上相比FabricSharp提升了14%.此外,Fabric-HT也表现出较好的鲁棒性和抗攻击能力.
