In aquaculture, feed represents the main component of production costs, and the development of this sector depends on the development of an economical feed formulation that meets the qualitative and quantitative requi...In aquaculture, feed represents the main component of production costs, and the development of this sector depends on the development of an economical feed formulation that meets the qualitative and quantitative requirements of fish. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive and microbiological quality of fish feed formulated from local flours enriched with Hermetia illucens larvae. The raw materials used for formulation were fishmeal, corn meal, low-grade rice, soybean meal and Hermetia illucens larvae meal. Different iso-protein feed compositions were prepared with 0%, 10%, 25%, 35%, 50%, 65%, 75% and 100% incorporation of Hermetia illucens larvae meal as a substitute for fish meal. Biochemical and microbiological analyses of these flours were determined using standard methods. The results showed that incorporation of larvae meal had an influence on the biochemical characteristics ash (8.15 to 20.27%), lipid (11.55 to 24.94%), fiber (13.93 to 20.41%) and dry matter (89.65 to 91.19%) of various formulated feed. Loads of fecal Streptococci, Staphylococci, Aeromonas, yeasts and molds ranged from 2.4 to 4.9 log 10 CFU/g;3.6 to 3.9 log 10 CFU/g;2.2 to 2.7 log 10 CFU/g;2.1 to 2.3 log 10 CFU/g, respectively. The level of contamination of these flours was below the microbiological criteria applicable to animal feed. Feed formulated with 0% and 10% Hermetia illucens larvae showed the best nutritive and microbiological characteristics. These results suggest that flours enriched with Hermetia illucens larvae could be used in fish feed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to im...BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to improve the nutritional status of patients with EC.Few studies have addressed the experience of patients administering their own nutritional fluids and managing their own feeding tubes at home.The aim of this study was to explore the real-life experience of self-management of feeding tubes in patients at home after EC surgery in the first 3 months after discharge following surgery.AIM To explore feeding tube self-management experience of patients at home 3 months after discharge following EC surgery.METHODS Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients using a feeding tube at home after EC surgery.Thematic analysis of the recordings identified themes related to feeding tube self-management.RESULTS Patients expressed similar feelings about their tube management experiences concerning three contextualized themes:Self-management dilemmas,distressing experiences,and self-management facilitators.CONCLUSION There are many dilemmas and problems in self-managing feeding tubes in postoperative homebound patients with EC.Clinical staff should provide guidance to promote a positive change in self-management behavior.展开更多
Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to ...Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.展开更多
Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and Englis...Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and English databases to guide network and professional associations at home and abroad.The search time limit was from January 2014 to January 2024,nearly 10 years of relevant literature,mainly including guidelines,consensus,expert advice,best practice,evidence summary,system evaluation,and meta-analysis.Literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Results:This paper included 13 articles,including three guidelines,three systematic evaluations,three expert opinions,and four expert consensus.Twenty-six pieces of evidence were summarized from 10 aspects of feeding intolerance definition,team building,nutritional assessment,nutritional preparation,feeding protocol,feeding route,feeding management,pipeline management,gastric residual volume,and drug application.Conclusion:This paper summarized the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,which can provide evidence-based information for clinical practice.The abdominal signs should be closely observed when evaluating feeding intolerance,focusing on the prevention and reduction of feeding interruption.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is associated with significant undernutrition responsible for an increase in morbidity and mortality after gastrectomy.AIM To evaluate the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding i...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is associated with significant undernutrition responsible for an increase in morbidity and mortality after gastrectomy.AIM To evaluate the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer.METHODS Between 2003 and 2017,all patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer treatment were included retrospectively.A group with jejunostomy(J+group)and a group without jejunostomy(J-group)were compared.RESULTS Of the 172 patients included,60 received jejunostomy.Preoperatively,the two groups were comparable with respect to the nutritional parameters studied(body mass index,albumin,etc.).In the postoperative period,the J+group lost less weight and albumin:5.74±8.4 vs 9.86±7.5 kg(P=0.07)and 7.2±5.6 vs 14.7±12.7 g/L(P=0.16),respectively.Overall morbidity was 25%in the J+group and 36.6%in the J-group(P=0.12).The J+group had fewer respiratory,infectious,and grade 3 complications:0%vs 5.4%(P=0.09),1.2%vs 9.3%(P=0.03),and 0%vs 4.7%(P=0.05),respectively.The 30-day mortality was 6.7%in the J+group and 6.3%in the J-group(P=0.91).CONCLUSION Jejunostomy feeding after gastrectomy improves nutritional characteristics and decreases postoperative morbidity.A prospective study could confirm our results.展开更多
Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Adva...Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.展开更多
Background Commercial diets are frequently formulated to meet or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim-iting essential amino acids(AA)covering potential individual variations within the herd.However,the provis...Background Commercial diets are frequently formulated to meet or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim-iting essential amino acids(AA)covering potential individual variations within the herd.However,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as Lys,may lead to reduced appetite and growth in pigs.The mechanisms modulat-ing these responses have not been extensively investigated.This study evaluated the effect of Lys dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post weaning pigs.Methods Twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)were individually housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized ileal digestible Lys reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)requirements.At the end of the experiment,blood samples from the cephalic vein of the T0 and T3 groups were obtained for AA analysis.In addition,primary intestinal cultures from T0 pigs were used,following their humane killing,to evaluate the effect of Lys on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo conditions.Results Feed intake was linearly reduced(P<0.001)and the weight gain to feed ratio reduced(P<0.10)with increased dietary levels of Lys during the third-and first-week post weaning,respectively.Cholecystokinin con-centration(P<0.05)and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and the solute carrier family 7 member 2(P<0.10)gene expression was enhanced in proximal jejunum tissues incubated with Lys at 20mmol/L when compared to the control(Lys 0mmol/L).Plasma Lys and Glu(P<0.05)concentration increased in the T3 compared to T0 pigs.In contrast,plasma levels of His,Val,Thr,Leu(P<0.05)and Gln(P<0.10)were lower in T3 than T0 pigs.Conclusion The present results confirm that excess dietary Lys inhibits hunger in pigs.Moreover,the results provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modulating these responses.Lys dietary excesses should be nar-rowed,when possible,to avoid negative effects of the AA on appetite in pigs.展开更多
Ethoxyquin(EQ)is a widely used feed additives for aquaculture,but the potential hazard to fish and consumers are not fully understood.In this work,EQ was applied to tilapia fed with either high-fat or low-fat feed,and...Ethoxyquin(EQ)is a widely used feed additives for aquaculture,but the potential hazard to fish and consumers are not fully understood.In this work,EQ was applied to tilapia fed with either high-fat or low-fat feed,and the changes in growth performance and intestinal barrier integrality of genetically improved farmed tilapia was observed.Additionally,the microbiota in the intestinal content and flesh was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing,and the flesh metabolites was measured by LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics.In the low-fat group,EQ increased weight gain and feed conversion rate,but reduced survival rate.In the high-fat group,only weight gain decreased,and there was no significant effect on feed conversion rate and survival rate.Additionally,the intestinal villi and microbiota diversity was impaired in both feeding conditions.Microbiota analysis revealed that EQ resulted in different composition and lower diversity of the flesh microbiota and upregulated the proportion of potential pathogens.EQ also changed the flesh metabolome,decreasing beneficial metabolites and increasing potential harmful components.This work elucidated the effect of EQ on growth performance of tilapia and implied that it has adverse effects on tilapia and may be passed on to consumers.展开更多
Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of ...Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous counterparts.Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning.At weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu group.Conclusions Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups.These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.展开更多
Although the effects of diet on intestinal microbiotas have been well investigated,the effect of feeding time on the rhythm of gut microbiota remains uncertain.A 9-week feeding trial on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco was con...Although the effects of diet on intestinal microbiotas have been well investigated,the effect of feeding time on the rhythm of gut microbiota remains uncertain.A 9-week feeding trial on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco was conducted.Two triplicate groups of fish were fed identically either at 8:00(day)or at 20:00(night).After 9 weeks,three fish from each cage were sacrificed every 4 h for 24 h.The intestinal contents were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing.Three phyla(Fusobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Verrucomicrobia),and three genera(Cetobacterium,Akkermansia,and Clostridium)were dominant at every time point.Moreover,33.02%of detected amplicon sequence variants showed cyclical variations in fish fed at 20:00,and 3.47%in fish fed at 8:00.Among the top 20 genera,17 showed cyclical variations in the 20:00 group,and only two in the 8:00 group.Rhodobacter,Ralstonia,Mycobacterium,Lactococcus,Halomonas,Akkermansia,and Acinetobacter contributed more to the predicted functional pathways.Moreover,144 and 38 pathways exhibited daily cyclical fluctuations in fish fed at 20:00 and 8:00,respectively.Overall,certain intestinal microorganisms showed a circadian rhythm in P.fulvidraco,and this circadian rhythm was affected by shifted feeding times.展开更多
Research using open-circuit respiration chambers has established that Asparagopsis bioactive compounds stabilized in canola oil (Asp-Oil), delivering a range of inclusion between 34 - 51 mg bromoform (CHBr3)/kg dry ma...Research using open-circuit respiration chambers has established that Asparagopsis bioactive compounds stabilized in canola oil (Asp-Oil), delivering a range of inclusion between 34 - 51 mg bromoform (CHBr3)/kg dry matter intake (DMI), inhibits methane (CH4) emissions > 98% in feedlot cattle. In this study, Asp-Oil was fed at 35 mg CHBr3/kg DMI in the feedlot finisher diet under highly replicated and commercially relevant conditions, and adequately powered to confirm differences as low as 3.3% in feed conversion efficiency (FCE). The study also evaluated the effect of Asp-Oil on CH4 production (g/day), carcass and meat-eating qualities, animal health, and food safety. The experiment consisted of 300 Angus-Shorthorn (Bos taurus) steers in 30 pens of 10 and fed a barley-based ration supplemented with canola oil (Control, n = 15), or Asp-Oil (n = 15) for total 81-d, inclusive of 21-d transition to full Asp-Oil and grain inclusion in the finisher ration. Reduction of CH4 was measured using GreenFeed Emissions Monitors (GEM) in a subset of 2 pens in both Control and Asp-Oil. However, 67% of CH4 measurements were recorded below the GEM’s limit of detection. An inhibition range of 58% - 98% was demonstrated by collectively using GEM and preliminary respiration chamber measurements. Asp-Oil improved FCE 7.4% in the finisher diet, and 5.6% across transition and finisher periods. During the transition steps the steers had not yet received their full allocations of grain and Asp-Oil which is responsible for the lower FCE benefits. A 4.1% lower DMI in the finisher period contributed to benefits in FCE with no effect on daily weight gains. Cost of feed and weight gain were reduced $0.35/head/day and $0.23/kg, respectively, in steers receiving Asp-Oil. Residues of Asparagopsis CHBr3 were not detected in any sample and only trace iodide and bromide were detected in livers and kidneys of both Control and Asp-Oil steers at levels safe for human consumption. Steers demonstrated normal rumen development typical of feedlot diets. This study confirms that Asp-Oil safely induces significant productivity benefits and CH4 reductions in feedlot beef production. Commercial adoption of Asparagopsis can benefit feedlot beef production and reduces the climate change contribution of livestock production.展开更多
BACKGROUND Early initiation of enteral feeding is recognized to play a crucial role in improving the outcomes of treatment of acute pancreatitis.However,the method of adminis-tration of enteral nutrition remains debat...BACKGROUND Early initiation of enteral feeding is recognized to play a crucial role in improving the outcomes of treatment of acute pancreatitis.However,the method of adminis-tration of enteral nutrition remains debatable.We present the experience of treating a patient with moderate-severe acute pancreatitis,at high risk of progressing to a severe or fatal condition,using a novel method of selective feeding with duodenal isolation.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old female patient presented to the emergency unit of the hospital with a typical manifestation of acute pancreatitis.Despite a conventional treatment,the patient’s condition deteriorated by day 2 of hospitalization.Using an endoscopic approach,a novel catheter PandiCathffwas placed to the duodenum of the patient,isolating its segment between the duodenal bulb and the ligament of Treitz.In the isolated area created,a negative pressure was applied,followed by introduction of early selective enteral feeding.The patient’s condition subsequently improved in a rapid manner,and no complications often associated with moderate-to-severe acute pancreatitis developed.CONCLUSION Within 48 h of starting treatment with the novel method,it can prevent the development of multiple organ failure and,when combined with minimally invasive drainage methods,help prevent infection.展开更多
Patients undergoing gastric resection for stomach cancer are at an increased risk of malnutrition.Early postoperative enteral feeding significantly improves nu-tritional status and reduces morbidity.The use of a feedi...Patients undergoing gastric resection for stomach cancer are at an increased risk of malnutrition.Early postoperative enteral feeding significantly improves nu-tritional status and reduces morbidity.The use of a feeding jejunostomy in a selected group of these patients does improve the outcome.展开更多
The present study aimed to determine whether natural dehydrated feed (DNF) can replace dry extruded feed while preserving the required daily intake, nutrient digestibility and benefits for immunity and antioxidant res...The present study aimed to determine whether natural dehydrated feed (DNF) can replace dry extruded feed while preserving the required daily intake, nutrient digestibility and benefits for immunity and antioxidant response in cats. The animals were divided into two groups of seven animals each. One group received DNF, and the other consumed commercial extruded dry feed (DCF). The experiment lasted 45 days and we measured daily consumption and collected blood and feces samples. The animals in the DNF group showed greater digestibility of fiber and mineral matter than DCF. Cats in the DNF group had a higher volume of feces. DNF cats had lower leukocyte and granulocyte counts and cholesterol levels. Serum enzymatic antioxidant responses and non-enzymatic were higher in DNF cats. Cats in the DNF group showed lower serum acute phase proteins in addition to a tendency toward a higher concentration of transferrin than in the DCF group. Fecal Escherichia coli and total coliform counts of cats fed DNF were higher than DCF. We conclude that the daily consumption of cats is adequate. This feed had greater digestibility of fiber and mineral matter, in addition to an improvement in antioxidant and immunological responses.展开更多
Medicinal leeches have been utilized in therapy for thousands of years. However, the adaptation physiology between leeches and hosts is not fully understand. To disclose the molecular mechanisms of adaptation between ...Medicinal leeches have been utilized in therapy for thousands of years. However, the adaptation physiology between leeches and hosts is not fully understand. To disclose the molecular mechanisms of adaptation between leech and host, the body transcriptomes of hunger and fed blood-sucking Poecilobdella javanica, Haemadipsa cavatuses, and Hirudo nipponia leeches were obtained by RNA sequencing, after comparison, a stratified unigenes group was obtained, which closely correlated to body distension. In the group, Rfamide receptor decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while serotonin receptor increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, four KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including cardiac muscle contraction, complement and coagulation cascades, renin-angiotensin system, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were significantly enriched. The unigenes annotation, neuroregulators correlation analysis and induced function of the KEGG pathways, were consistently supported the same result as: vasoconstriction and systole reaction enhance in hunger leeches and vice versa vasodilation and diastole increase in fed leeches, meanwhile, Interspecific comparison and correlative analyses of physiological function showed that the strongest reaction of induced heart failure from four KEGG occur in strongest reaction of systole in hungry P. javanica and in strongest reaction of diastole in fed H. nipponia. Overall, heart failure is likely a physiological function involved in feeding behaviour.展开更多
Microbial fermented feed possesses a natural fermentation flavor and exhibits good palatability.It is not only easily digestible and absorbable by livestock but also non-toxic.Additionally,it has the capacity to inhib...Microbial fermented feed possesses a natural fermentation flavor and exhibits good palatability.It is not only easily digestible and absorbable by livestock but also non-toxic.Additionally,it has the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria,facilitate the growth and development of animals,and enhance their immune response,disease resistance,and overall production performance.This paper summarizes the selection of common feed materials and microbial strains used in fermented feed,as well as their effects on the growth performance,muscle quality,antioxidant capacity,and immune function of crayfish.The aim of this study is to provide a reference for the further popularization and application ofmicrobialfermented feed in crayfishaquaculture.展开更多
The experiment was conducted at the animal experimental station of the Faculty of Animal Sciences,Royal University of Agriculture,commenced from 10 January to 14 March,2022.The CRD(Completely Randomized Design)was use...The experiment was conducted at the animal experimental station of the Faculty of Animal Sciences,Royal University of Agriculture,commenced from 10 January to 14 March,2022.The CRD(Completely Randomized Design)was used with 5 treatments and 4 replications.The 500 chicks at one-day-old,local bread,were purchased from farmers who run their small scale hatchery farm.The chicks were kept together till 21 days old,and then were allocated randomly into in five diets(treatments),25 chicks per replication.The feed formulas for this study were designed and calculated to maintain a protein content of approximately 17%,dividing into 5 feed formulas(Treatments),such as concentrated feed only(control treatment:T0),plus 10%of fresh sweet potato vine(T1),plus 20%of fresh sweet potato vine(T2),plus 30%of fresh sweet potato vine(T3)and plus 20%of sweet potato vine meal(T4).The results showed that the treatment T1,had a similar final weight with the treatment T4,but was slightly lower than the treatment T0 which used concentrated feed alone.Feed intake and FCR(Feed Conversion Ratio)were not significantly different among those treatments.In conclusion,the average daily weight gain of chickens seemed to decrease with increasing the level of fresh sweet potato vine.Thus,the optimum level of fresh sweet potato vine was 10%,which may have little effect on the growth performance of local chickens.In addition,it was not far different from the positive control treatment and the treatment using sweet potato vine meal.However,the producers can increase the amount of sweet potato vine in feed formula by processing it into meal and mixing with concentrated feed or using as feed ingredients.展开更多
Aim: Recently, the role of feeding coparenting has gained attention in the child eating research field. The Feeding Coparenting Scale (FCS), a measure of how caregivers interact with their partners when feeding their ...Aim: Recently, the role of feeding coparenting has gained attention in the child eating research field. The Feeding Coparenting Scale (FCS), a measure of how caregivers interact with their partners when feeding their children was developed in the United States in 2019. However, there is no valid and reliable measure to assess feeding coparenting among caregivers of school-aged children in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the FCS (FCS-J) questionnaire for caregivers with school-aged children. Methods: This was a web-based cross-sectional survey completed by caregivers of children aged 10-12 years. A preliminary survey using interviews and a web-based survey was conducted and found that the translated items of the FCS into Japanese were understandable to Japanese people. The developed survey was administered to parents of children at an elementary school. The reliability of the survey was assessed using both test-retest reliability and internal consistency analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test construct validity, and known population validity was examined in relation to attributes, marital satisfaction, and feeding tasks. Results: Findings with 135 parents of school-aged children showed good internal reliability and validity of the FCS-J. The mean score for the overall FCS-J score was 46.2 (SD = 6.2), with Cronbach’s α of 0.72. For the subscales, Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.75 to 0.79. In sum, the present study’s results support the three-factor structure of the FCS in Japanese caregivers in Japan. Conclusions: The developed FCS-J was found to have a certain degree of reliability and validity. In this study, a Japanese version of the FCS-J was developed. .展开更多
The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine ED<sub>10</sub> for a batch of 83 birds, ED<sub>20<...The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine ED<sub>10</sub> for a batch of 83 birds, ED<sub>20</sub> (batch of 83 birds) in comparison with a commercial control ration CCD (84 birds). For this purpose, 250 day-old chicks of this breed were purchased in Korhogo and transported to Tengréla in Ivory Coast for rearing. The results show that substituting mango provender ans and mango seed flour for maize resulted in rations with costs per kgMS of 215.35FCFA, 2016.93FCFA and 320FCFA for the ED<sub>10</sub>, ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD rations respectively. The production costs per kg of chicken (FCPkgLW) of the CCD ration were significantly higher than those of the ED10 and ED<sub>20</sub> (p 0.05). ADGs were significantly different and decreasing from CCD, ED<sub>20</sub> to ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). Average weights at 42nd day for ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD were homogeneous (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than for ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). By day 49th the average weight of ED<sub>20</sub> had reached and exceeded that of CCD by day 42nd. PSLW, HCW and CCW were significantly different and decreasing from CCW, ED<sub>20</sub> to ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). Average hot (HCY) and cooled (CCY) carcass yields of ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD rations were comparable (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than those of ED<sub>10</sub> ration (p = 0.009) and 0.003). Average drumstick and neck weights were significantly higher and lower for CCD, ED<sub>20</sub> and ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). For all other parts of the cut, the average weights of the CCD ration were significantly higher (p 0.05) than those of the ED<sub>20</sub> and ED<sub>10</sub> rations, which were homogeneous (p 0.05). The incorporation of mango provender and mango seed flour in broiler rations offers the prospect of reduced production costs, less competition between man and animals over cereals, and lean meat production that is more appreciated than that of chickens fed conventional feed. As it stands, the ED<sub>20</sub> ration can be recommended as a growth diet for broilers. It would be necessary to determine the levels of anti-nutritional substances in mango feeds and to assess the in vivo digestibility of mango ingredients and the diets incorporating them.展开更多
文摘In aquaculture, feed represents the main component of production costs, and the development of this sector depends on the development of an economical feed formulation that meets the qualitative and quantitative requirements of fish. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritive and microbiological quality of fish feed formulated from local flours enriched with Hermetia illucens larvae. The raw materials used for formulation were fishmeal, corn meal, low-grade rice, soybean meal and Hermetia illucens larvae meal. Different iso-protein feed compositions were prepared with 0%, 10%, 25%, 35%, 50%, 65%, 75% and 100% incorporation of Hermetia illucens larvae meal as a substitute for fish meal. Biochemical and microbiological analyses of these flours were determined using standard methods. The results showed that incorporation of larvae meal had an influence on the biochemical characteristics ash (8.15 to 20.27%), lipid (11.55 to 24.94%), fiber (13.93 to 20.41%) and dry matter (89.65 to 91.19%) of various formulated feed. Loads of fecal Streptococci, Staphylococci, Aeromonas, yeasts and molds ranged from 2.4 to 4.9 log 10 CFU/g;3.6 to 3.9 log 10 CFU/g;2.2 to 2.7 log 10 CFU/g;2.1 to 2.3 log 10 CFU/g, respectively. The level of contamination of these flours was below the microbiological criteria applicable to animal feed. Feed formulated with 0% and 10% Hermetia illucens larvae showed the best nutritive and microbiological characteristics. These results suggest that flours enriched with Hermetia illucens larvae could be used in fish feed.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is an aggressive malignancy with low survival(10%-30%).Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis.Home enteral nutrition appears to improve the nutritional status of patients with EC.Few studies have addressed the experience of patients administering their own nutritional fluids and managing their own feeding tubes at home.The aim of this study was to explore the real-life experience of self-management of feeding tubes in patients at home after EC surgery in the first 3 months after discharge following surgery.AIM To explore feeding tube self-management experience of patients at home 3 months after discharge following EC surgery.METHODS Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients using a feeding tube at home after EC surgery.Thematic analysis of the recordings identified themes related to feeding tube self-management.RESULTS Patients expressed similar feelings about their tube management experiences concerning three contextualized themes:Self-management dilemmas,distressing experiences,and self-management facilitators.CONCLUSION There are many dilemmas and problems in self-managing feeding tubes in postoperative homebound patients with EC.Clinical staff should provide guidance to promote a positive change in self-management behavior.
文摘Appropriate feeding practices are important during infancy for good health, growth and development of infants and children. WHO revised its earlier recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) of infants from 4 to 6 months of age to EBF until about 6 months of age, with the addition of complementary foods thereafter. This recommendation confirms that breast milk alone is sufficient to meet infants’ nutritional requirements for the first 6 months of life. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various feeding practices on the Nutritional status of infants 0 - 12-month-old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to August 2020. A total of 341 nursing mothers and their infants 0 - 12 months of age were recruited. Socio-demographic factors and the different feeding habits of the children were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. The overall proportion of infants who exclusively breastfed for 6 months was 69.2% and those who were mix-fed were 30.8% in the study area. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the population was 61.0%. Among the malnourished children, 53.1% were underweight, 19.6% were wasted and 10.0% were stunted. Though not significant, the prevalence of wasting (21.0%) and underweight (58.3%) was higher among Mix-Fed (MF) children when compared to their EBF counterparts. Feeding practices affected the nutritional status of the infants. Underweight and wasting were observed among infants on Complementary Feeding (CF), although some exclusively breast-fed infants were stunted. Hence, nursing mothers should try as much as possible to practice EBF as recommended by WHO and can practice CF when the child is above six months.
文摘Objective:To summarize the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,aiming to provide evidence-based information for clinical nursing staff.Methods:Evidence search was done in Chinese and English databases to guide network and professional associations at home and abroad.The search time limit was from January 2014 to January 2024,nearly 10 years of relevant literature,mainly including guidelines,consensus,expert advice,best practice,evidence summary,system evaluation,and meta-analysis.Literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction were independently performed by two researchers.Results:This paper included 13 articles,including three guidelines,three systematic evaluations,three expert opinions,and four expert consensus.Twenty-six pieces of evidence were summarized from 10 aspects of feeding intolerance definition,team building,nutritional assessment,nutritional preparation,feeding protocol,feeding route,feeding management,pipeline management,gastric residual volume,and drug application.Conclusion:This paper summarized the evidence of tube feeding intolerance in critically ill children,which can provide evidence-based information for clinical practice.The abdominal signs should be closely observed when evaluating feeding intolerance,focusing on the prevention and reduction of feeding interruption.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is associated with significant undernutrition responsible for an increase in morbidity and mortality after gastrectomy.AIM To evaluate the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer.METHODS Between 2003 and 2017,all patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer treatment were included retrospectively.A group with jejunostomy(J+group)and a group without jejunostomy(J-group)were compared.RESULTS Of the 172 patients included,60 received jejunostomy.Preoperatively,the two groups were comparable with respect to the nutritional parameters studied(body mass index,albumin,etc.).In the postoperative period,the J+group lost less weight and albumin:5.74±8.4 vs 9.86±7.5 kg(P=0.07)and 7.2±5.6 vs 14.7±12.7 g/L(P=0.16),respectively.Overall morbidity was 25%in the J+group and 36.6%in the J-group(P=0.12).The J+group had fewer respiratory,infectious,and grade 3 complications:0%vs 5.4%(P=0.09),1.2%vs 9.3%(P=0.03),and 0%vs 4.7%(P=0.05),respectively.The 30-day mortality was 6.7%in the J+group and 6.3%in the J-group(P=0.91).CONCLUSION Jejunostomy feeding after gastrectomy improves nutritional characteristics and decreases postoperative morbidity.A prospective study could confirm our results.
基金supported by research grants from Regionalt Forskningsfond (RFF) Trondelag (In FeedProject number: 309859),where Nord University is the project leading institution,and Gullimunn AS and Mære Landbruksskole are project partnerssupported by the CEER project (Project number: 2021/10345) funded by the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education (HK-dir) under the Norwegian Partnership Program for Global Academic Cooperation (NORPART ) with support from the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research (MER)。
文摘Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.
基金This study was partially supported by The University of Queensland and Australian Pork Limited as part of the project APL 2016/053.
文摘Background Commercial diets are frequently formulated to meet or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim-iting essential amino acids(AA)covering potential individual variations within the herd.However,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as Lys,may lead to reduced appetite and growth in pigs.The mechanisms modulat-ing these responses have not been extensively investigated.This study evaluated the effect of Lys dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post weaning pigs.Methods Twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)were individually housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized ileal digestible Lys reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)requirements.At the end of the experiment,blood samples from the cephalic vein of the T0 and T3 groups were obtained for AA analysis.In addition,primary intestinal cultures from T0 pigs were used,following their humane killing,to evaluate the effect of Lys on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo conditions.Results Feed intake was linearly reduced(P<0.001)and the weight gain to feed ratio reduced(P<0.10)with increased dietary levels of Lys during the third-and first-week post weaning,respectively.Cholecystokinin con-centration(P<0.05)and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and the solute carrier family 7 member 2(P<0.10)gene expression was enhanced in proximal jejunum tissues incubated with Lys at 20mmol/L when compared to the control(Lys 0mmol/L).Plasma Lys and Glu(P<0.05)concentration increased in the T3 compared to T0 pigs.In contrast,plasma levels of His,Val,Thr,Leu(P<0.05)and Gln(P<0.10)were lower in T3 than T0 pigs.Conclusion The present results confirm that excess dietary Lys inhibits hunger in pigs.Moreover,the results provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modulating these responses.Lys dietary excesses should be nar-rowed,when possible,to avoid negative effects of the AA on appetite in pigs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061133004)the Major Project of Digital Plus Discipline Construction of Zhejiang Gongshang University(SZJ2022A010)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LGN21C200013).
文摘Ethoxyquin(EQ)is a widely used feed additives for aquaculture,but the potential hazard to fish and consumers are not fully understood.In this work,EQ was applied to tilapia fed with either high-fat or low-fat feed,and the changes in growth performance and intestinal barrier integrality of genetically improved farmed tilapia was observed.Additionally,the microbiota in the intestinal content and flesh was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing,and the flesh metabolites was measured by LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics.In the low-fat group,EQ increased weight gain and feed conversion rate,but reduced survival rate.In the high-fat group,only weight gain decreased,and there was no significant effect on feed conversion rate and survival rate.Additionally,the intestinal villi and microbiota diversity was impaired in both feeding conditions.Microbiota analysis revealed that EQ resulted in different composition and lower diversity of the flesh microbiota and upregulated the proportion of potential pathogens.EQ also changed the flesh metabolome,decreasing beneficial metabolites and increasing potential harmful components.This work elucidated the effect of EQ on growth performance of tilapia and implied that it has adverse effects on tilapia and may be passed on to consumers.
基金This study was partially supported by funds from the Agricultural Research,Education,Extension and Technology Transfer(AGREETT)and MNDrive Global Food Ventures Programs,both from the University of MinnesotaPartial funding was supplied by BioZyme,Inc,St.Joseph,Missouri,USA and New Fashion Pork,Jackson,MN,USA.
文摘Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous counterparts.Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning.At weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu group.Conclusions Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups.These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.
基金Supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2021YFYZ0015,2023NSFSC0241)。
文摘Although the effects of diet on intestinal microbiotas have been well investigated,the effect of feeding time on the rhythm of gut microbiota remains uncertain.A 9-week feeding trial on Pelteobagrus fulvidraco was conducted.Two triplicate groups of fish were fed identically either at 8:00(day)or at 20:00(night).After 9 weeks,three fish from each cage were sacrificed every 4 h for 24 h.The intestinal contents were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing.Three phyla(Fusobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Verrucomicrobia),and three genera(Cetobacterium,Akkermansia,and Clostridium)were dominant at every time point.Moreover,33.02%of detected amplicon sequence variants showed cyclical variations in fish fed at 20:00,and 3.47%in fish fed at 8:00.Among the top 20 genera,17 showed cyclical variations in the 20:00 group,and only two in the 8:00 group.Rhodobacter,Ralstonia,Mycobacterium,Lactococcus,Halomonas,Akkermansia,and Acinetobacter contributed more to the predicted functional pathways.Moreover,144 and 38 pathways exhibited daily cyclical fluctuations in fish fed at 20:00 and 8:00,respectively.Overall,certain intestinal microorganisms showed a circadian rhythm in P.fulvidraco,and this circadian rhythm was affected by shifted feeding times.
文摘Research using open-circuit respiration chambers has established that Asparagopsis bioactive compounds stabilized in canola oil (Asp-Oil), delivering a range of inclusion between 34 - 51 mg bromoform (CHBr3)/kg dry matter intake (DMI), inhibits methane (CH4) emissions > 98% in feedlot cattle. In this study, Asp-Oil was fed at 35 mg CHBr3/kg DMI in the feedlot finisher diet under highly replicated and commercially relevant conditions, and adequately powered to confirm differences as low as 3.3% in feed conversion efficiency (FCE). The study also evaluated the effect of Asp-Oil on CH4 production (g/day), carcass and meat-eating qualities, animal health, and food safety. The experiment consisted of 300 Angus-Shorthorn (Bos taurus) steers in 30 pens of 10 and fed a barley-based ration supplemented with canola oil (Control, n = 15), or Asp-Oil (n = 15) for total 81-d, inclusive of 21-d transition to full Asp-Oil and grain inclusion in the finisher ration. Reduction of CH4 was measured using GreenFeed Emissions Monitors (GEM) in a subset of 2 pens in both Control and Asp-Oil. However, 67% of CH4 measurements were recorded below the GEM’s limit of detection. An inhibition range of 58% - 98% was demonstrated by collectively using GEM and preliminary respiration chamber measurements. Asp-Oil improved FCE 7.4% in the finisher diet, and 5.6% across transition and finisher periods. During the transition steps the steers had not yet received their full allocations of grain and Asp-Oil which is responsible for the lower FCE benefits. A 4.1% lower DMI in the finisher period contributed to benefits in FCE with no effect on daily weight gains. Cost of feed and weight gain were reduced $0.35/head/day and $0.23/kg, respectively, in steers receiving Asp-Oil. Residues of Asparagopsis CHBr3 were not detected in any sample and only trace iodide and bromide were detected in livers and kidneys of both Control and Asp-Oil steers at levels safe for human consumption. Steers demonstrated normal rumen development typical of feedlot diets. This study confirms that Asp-Oil safely induces significant productivity benefits and CH4 reductions in feedlot beef production. Commercial adoption of Asparagopsis can benefit feedlot beef production and reduces the climate change contribution of livestock production.
文摘BACKGROUND Early initiation of enteral feeding is recognized to play a crucial role in improving the outcomes of treatment of acute pancreatitis.However,the method of adminis-tration of enteral nutrition remains debatable.We present the experience of treating a patient with moderate-severe acute pancreatitis,at high risk of progressing to a severe or fatal condition,using a novel method of selective feeding with duodenal isolation.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old female patient presented to the emergency unit of the hospital with a typical manifestation of acute pancreatitis.Despite a conventional treatment,the patient’s condition deteriorated by day 2 of hospitalization.Using an endoscopic approach,a novel catheter PandiCathffwas placed to the duodenum of the patient,isolating its segment between the duodenal bulb and the ligament of Treitz.In the isolated area created,a negative pressure was applied,followed by introduction of early selective enteral feeding.The patient’s condition subsequently improved in a rapid manner,and no complications often associated with moderate-to-severe acute pancreatitis developed.CONCLUSION Within 48 h of starting treatment with the novel method,it can prevent the development of multiple organ failure and,when combined with minimally invasive drainage methods,help prevent infection.
文摘Patients undergoing gastric resection for stomach cancer are at an increased risk of malnutrition.Early postoperative enteral feeding significantly improves nu-tritional status and reduces morbidity.The use of a feeding jejunostomy in a selected group of these patients does improve the outcome.
文摘The present study aimed to determine whether natural dehydrated feed (DNF) can replace dry extruded feed while preserving the required daily intake, nutrient digestibility and benefits for immunity and antioxidant response in cats. The animals were divided into two groups of seven animals each. One group received DNF, and the other consumed commercial extruded dry feed (DCF). The experiment lasted 45 days and we measured daily consumption and collected blood and feces samples. The animals in the DNF group showed greater digestibility of fiber and mineral matter than DCF. Cats in the DNF group had a higher volume of feces. DNF cats had lower leukocyte and granulocyte counts and cholesterol levels. Serum enzymatic antioxidant responses and non-enzymatic were higher in DNF cats. Cats in the DNF group showed lower serum acute phase proteins in addition to a tendency toward a higher concentration of transferrin than in the DCF group. Fecal Escherichia coli and total coliform counts of cats fed DNF were higher than DCF. We conclude that the daily consumption of cats is adequate. This feed had greater digestibility of fiber and mineral matter, in addition to an improvement in antioxidant and immunological responses.
文摘Medicinal leeches have been utilized in therapy for thousands of years. However, the adaptation physiology between leeches and hosts is not fully understand. To disclose the molecular mechanisms of adaptation between leech and host, the body transcriptomes of hunger and fed blood-sucking Poecilobdella javanica, Haemadipsa cavatuses, and Hirudo nipponia leeches were obtained by RNA sequencing, after comparison, a stratified unigenes group was obtained, which closely correlated to body distension. In the group, Rfamide receptor decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while serotonin receptor increased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, four KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including cardiac muscle contraction, complement and coagulation cascades, renin-angiotensin system, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were significantly enriched. The unigenes annotation, neuroregulators correlation analysis and induced function of the KEGG pathways, were consistently supported the same result as: vasoconstriction and systole reaction enhance in hunger leeches and vice versa vasodilation and diastole increase in fed leeches, meanwhile, Interspecific comparison and correlative analyses of physiological function showed that the strongest reaction of induced heart failure from four KEGG occur in strongest reaction of systole in hungry P. javanica and in strongest reaction of diastole in fed H. nipponia. Overall, heart failure is likely a physiological function involved in feeding behaviour.
文摘Microbial fermented feed possesses a natural fermentation flavor and exhibits good palatability.It is not only easily digestible and absorbable by livestock but also non-toxic.Additionally,it has the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria,facilitate the growth and development of animals,and enhance their immune response,disease resistance,and overall production performance.This paper summarizes the selection of common feed materials and microbial strains used in fermented feed,as well as their effects on the growth performance,muscle quality,antioxidant capacity,and immune function of crayfish.The aim of this study is to provide a reference for the further popularization and application ofmicrobialfermented feed in crayfishaquaculture.
文摘The experiment was conducted at the animal experimental station of the Faculty of Animal Sciences,Royal University of Agriculture,commenced from 10 January to 14 March,2022.The CRD(Completely Randomized Design)was used with 5 treatments and 4 replications.The 500 chicks at one-day-old,local bread,were purchased from farmers who run their small scale hatchery farm.The chicks were kept together till 21 days old,and then were allocated randomly into in five diets(treatments),25 chicks per replication.The feed formulas for this study were designed and calculated to maintain a protein content of approximately 17%,dividing into 5 feed formulas(Treatments),such as concentrated feed only(control treatment:T0),plus 10%of fresh sweet potato vine(T1),plus 20%of fresh sweet potato vine(T2),plus 30%of fresh sweet potato vine(T3)and plus 20%of sweet potato vine meal(T4).The results showed that the treatment T1,had a similar final weight with the treatment T4,but was slightly lower than the treatment T0 which used concentrated feed alone.Feed intake and FCR(Feed Conversion Ratio)were not significantly different among those treatments.In conclusion,the average daily weight gain of chickens seemed to decrease with increasing the level of fresh sweet potato vine.Thus,the optimum level of fresh sweet potato vine was 10%,which may have little effect on the growth performance of local chickens.In addition,it was not far different from the positive control treatment and the treatment using sweet potato vine meal.However,the producers can increase the amount of sweet potato vine in feed formula by processing it into meal and mixing with concentrated feed or using as feed ingredients.
文摘Aim: Recently, the role of feeding coparenting has gained attention in the child eating research field. The Feeding Coparenting Scale (FCS), a measure of how caregivers interact with their partners when feeding their children was developed in the United States in 2019. However, there is no valid and reliable measure to assess feeding coparenting among caregivers of school-aged children in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the FCS (FCS-J) questionnaire for caregivers with school-aged children. Methods: This was a web-based cross-sectional survey completed by caregivers of children aged 10-12 years. A preliminary survey using interviews and a web-based survey was conducted and found that the translated items of the FCS into Japanese were understandable to Japanese people. The developed survey was administered to parents of children at an elementary school. The reliability of the survey was assessed using both test-retest reliability and internal consistency analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test construct validity, and known population validity was examined in relation to attributes, marital satisfaction, and feeding tasks. Results: Findings with 135 parents of school-aged children showed good internal reliability and validity of the FCS-J. The mean score for the overall FCS-J score was 46.2 (SD = 6.2), with Cronbach’s α of 0.72. For the subscales, Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.75 to 0.79. In sum, the present study’s results support the three-factor structure of the FCS in Japanese caregivers in Japan. Conclusions: The developed FCS-J was found to have a certain degree of reliability and validity. In this study, a Japanese version of the FCS-J was developed. .
文摘The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine ED<sub>10</sub> for a batch of 83 birds, ED<sub>20</sub> (batch of 83 birds) in comparison with a commercial control ration CCD (84 birds). For this purpose, 250 day-old chicks of this breed were purchased in Korhogo and transported to Tengréla in Ivory Coast for rearing. The results show that substituting mango provender ans and mango seed flour for maize resulted in rations with costs per kgMS of 215.35FCFA, 2016.93FCFA and 320FCFA for the ED<sub>10</sub>, ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD rations respectively. The production costs per kg of chicken (FCPkgLW) of the CCD ration were significantly higher than those of the ED10 and ED<sub>20</sub> (p 0.05). ADGs were significantly different and decreasing from CCD, ED<sub>20</sub> to ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). Average weights at 42nd day for ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD were homogeneous (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than for ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). By day 49th the average weight of ED<sub>20</sub> had reached and exceeded that of CCD by day 42nd. PSLW, HCW and CCW were significantly different and decreasing from CCW, ED<sub>20</sub> to ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). Average hot (HCY) and cooled (CCY) carcass yields of ED<sub>20</sub> and CCD rations were comparable (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than those of ED<sub>10</sub> ration (p = 0.009) and 0.003). Average drumstick and neck weights were significantly higher and lower for CCD, ED<sub>20</sub> and ED<sub>10</sub> (p 0.05). For all other parts of the cut, the average weights of the CCD ration were significantly higher (p 0.05) than those of the ED<sub>20</sub> and ED<sub>10</sub> rations, which were homogeneous (p 0.05). The incorporation of mango provender and mango seed flour in broiler rations offers the prospect of reduced production costs, less competition between man and animals over cereals, and lean meat production that is more appreciated than that of chickens fed conventional feed. As it stands, the ED<sub>20</sub> ration can be recommended as a growth diet for broilers. It would be necessary to determine the levels of anti-nutritional substances in mango feeds and to assess the in vivo digestibility of mango ingredients and the diets incorporating them.
