Manganese ferrite(MnFe_(2)O_(4))has the advantages of simple preparation,high resistivity,and high crystal symmetry.Herein,we have developed an electrochemical sensor utilizing graphene and MnFe_(2)O_(4) nanocomposite...Manganese ferrite(MnFe_(2)O_(4))has the advantages of simple preparation,high resistivity,and high crystal symmetry.Herein,we have developed an electrochemical sensor utilizing graphene and MnFe_(2)O_(4) nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE),which is very efficient and sensitive to detect bisphenol A(BPA).MnFe_(2)O_(4)/graphene(GR)was synthesized by immobilizing the MnFe_(2)O_(4) microspheres on the graphene nanosheets via a simple one-pot solvothermal method.The morphology and structure of the MnFe_(2)O_(4)/GR nanocomposite have been characterized through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).In addition,electrochemical properties of the modified materials are comparably explored by means of cyclic voltammetry(CV),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV).Under the optimal conditions,the proposed electrochemical sensor for the detection of BPA has a linear range of 0.8-400μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.0235μmol/L(S/N=3)with high sensitivity,good selectivity and high stability.In addition,the proposed sensor was used to measure the content of BPA in real water samples with a recovery rate of 97.94%-104.56%.At present,the synthesis of MnFe_(2)O_(4)/GR provides more opportunities for the electrochemical detection of BPA in practical applications.展开更多
Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a promising technology for cancer detection due to their high sensitivity,rapid response,low cost,and capability for non-invasive detection.Recent advances in nanomaterials l...Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a promising technology for cancer detection due to their high sensitivity,rapid response,low cost,and capability for non-invasive detection.Recent advances in nanomaterials like nanoparticles,graphene,and nanowires have enhanced sensor performance to allow for cancer biomarker detection,like circulating tumor cells,nucleic acids,proteins and metabolites,at ultra-low concentrations.However,several challenges need to be addressed before electrochemical biosensors can be clinically implemented.These include improving sensor selectivity in complex biological media,device miniaturization for implantable applications,integration with data analytics,handling biomarker variability,and navigating regulatory approval.This editorial critically examines the prospects of electrochemical biosensors for efficient,low-cost and minimally invasive cancer screening.We discuss recent developments in nanotechnology,microfabrication,electronics integration,multiplexing,and machine learning that can help realize the potential of these sensors.However,significant interdisciplinary efforts among researchers,clinicians,regulators and the healthcare industry are still needed to tackle limitations in selectivity,size constraints,data interpretation,biomarker validation,toxicity and commercial translation.With committed resources and pragmatic strategies,electrochemical biosensors could enable routine early cancer detection and dramatically reduce the global cancer burden.展开更多
The rise of industrialization and urbanization has exacerbated environmental pollution, raising public concern about environmental quality. Real-time pollutant detection and rapid responses to environmental changes ar...The rise of industrialization and urbanization has exacerbated environmental pollution, raising public concern about environmental quality. Real-time pollutant detection and rapid responses to environmental changes are crucial for safeguarding both the environment and human health. Traditional chemical analysis methods, though accurate and sensitive, are expensive, complex, and require specialized equipment and personnel. In contrast, smartphone-assisted electrochemical sensors could offer a novel, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective solution for environmental monitoring. In this review, the working principle of electrochemical sensors was first introduced, including how their sensing elements and conversion systems work together to generate an electrical signal proportional to the concentration of the target substance. Next, the role of smartphones in this system was discussed. The challenges faced in designing smartphone assisted electrochemical sensor systems were also discussed in detail. In terms of applications, this article reviews the latest progress of smartphone assisted electrochemical sensors in detecting heavy metal ions, mycotoxins, bacteria, the veterinary drug and pesticide residues, and other compounds, and discusses their potential in environmental monitoring and public health. Despite hurdles in technology integration and data processing, smartphone-assisted electrochemical sensors are poised to become increasingly vital in environmental monitoring as technology progresses and is gradually becoming a powerful tool for cross industry monitoring and analysis.展开更多
Ir catalyst possesses a good electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for the oxidation of NH3 and/or NH4OH at Ir anode in the potential fixed electrochemical sensor with the neutral solution. Owing to the same elect...Ir catalyst possesses a good electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for the oxidation of NH3 and/or NH4OH at Ir anode in the potential fixed electrochemical sensor with the neutral solution. Owing to the same electrochemical behavior of NH3 and NH4OH in a NaClO4 solution, NH4OH can be used instead of NH3 for the experimental convenience. It was found that the potential of the oxidation peak of NH4OH at the Ir/GC electrode in NaClO4 solutions is at about 0.85 V, and the current density of the oxidation peak of NH4OH is linearly proportional to the concentration of NHaOH. The electrocatalytic oxidation of NH4OH is diffusion-controlled. Especially, Ir has no electrocatalytic activity for the CO oxidation, illustrating that CO does not interfere in the measurement of NH4OH and the potential fixed electrochemical NH3 sensor with the neutral solution, and the anodic Ir catalyst possesses a good selectivity. Therefore, Ir may have practical application in the potential fixed electrochemical NH3 sensor with the neutral solution.展开更多
With the rapidly increased concerns in environmental pollution, there have been urgent needs to develop fast, sensitive, low-cost and multiplexed sensing devices for the detection of environmental pollutants. Two-dime...With the rapidly increased concerns in environmental pollution, there have been urgent needs to develop fast, sensitive, low-cost and multiplexed sensing devices for the detection of environmental pollutants. Two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials hold great promise due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which have been extensively employed to monitor the environmental pollutants combined with different detection techniques. In this review, we summarize recent advances in 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for detecting heavy metal ions, organic compounds, pesticides, antibiotics and bacteria. We also discuss perspectives and challenges of 2D nanomaterials in environmental monitoring.展开更多
As the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drug,paracetamol(PA)coexists with neurotransmitter dopamine(DA)in real biological samples.Their simultaneous determination is extremely important for human health,bu...As the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drug,paracetamol(PA)coexists with neurotransmitter dopamine(DA)in real biological samples.Their simultaneous determination is extremely important for human health,but they also interfere with each other.In order to improve the conductivity,adsorption affinity,sensitivity,and selectivity of TiO_(2)-based electrochemical sensor,N-doped carbon@-TiO_(2) double-shelled hollow sphere(HeC/N@TiO_(2))is designed and synthesized by simple alcoholic and hydrothermal method,using polystyrene sphere(PS)as a template.Meanwhile,TiO_(2) hollow spheres(H eTiO_(2))or N-doped carbon hollow spheres(HeC/N)are also prepared by the same method.HeC/N@TiO_(2) has good conductivity,charge separation,and the highly enhanced and stable current responses for the detection of PA and DA.The detection limit and linear range are 50.0 nmol/L and 0.3-50 mmol/L for PA,40.0 nmol/L and 0.3e50 mmol/L for DA,respectively,which are better than those of carbon-based sensors.Moreover,this electrochemical sensor,with high selectivity,strong anti-interference,high reliability,and long time durability,can be used for the simultaneous detection of PA and DA in human blood serum and saliva.The high electrochemical performance of HeC/N@TiO_(2) is attributed to the multifunctional combination of different layers,because of good conductivity,absorption and electrons transfer ability from in-situ N-doped carbon and electrocatalytic activity from TiO_(2).展开更多
Hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))compound is useful to various industries but is toxic and carcinogenic.In this research work,we fab-ricate an amperometric sensor for the determination of Cr(VI),using a titanium dioxide(TiO...Hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))compound is useful to various industries but is toxic and carcinogenic.In this research work,we fab-ricate an amperometric sensor for the determination of Cr(VI),using a titanium dioxide(TiO2)-reduced graphene oxide(rGO)composite as the sensing element.The composite was synthesized following sol−gel chemistry,yielding TiO2 nanoparticles of~50 nm in size,immobilized on chemically exfoliated rGO sheets.The composite was employed in a 3-electrode electrochemical cell and operated in an amperometric mode,exhibiting good responses to the 50 to 500 ppb Cr(VI).Our best result from pH 3 Mcilvane’s buffer medium reveals the sensitivity of 9.12×10−4 ppb−1 and a detection limit of 6 ppb with no signal interference from 200 ppm Ca(II),150 ppm Mg(II),and 50 ppb Pb(II).The excellent results of the TiO2-rGO sensor can be attributed to synergic effects between TiO2 and rGO,resulting from the presence of n-p heterojunctions and the formation of the TiO2 nanoparticles on rGO.展开更多
Four types of solid state electrochemical sensors and their general principles are introduced in the paper. The novel type-IV sensors developed in the last few years are emphasized to study hereafter. The ways to desi...Four types of solid state electrochemical sensors and their general principles are introduced in the paper. The novel type-IV sensors developed in the last few years are emphasized to study hereafter. The ways to design new electrochemical sensors and the directions to develop new solid electrolytes for new electrochemical sensors are also discussed.展开更多
The principle, construction and application of two types of electrochemical sensors-amperometric and potentiometric are surveyed. Both types of sensors are very sensitive to changes in temperature. The accuracy of hyd...The principle, construction and application of two types of electrochemical sensors-amperometric and potentiometric are surveyed. Both types of sensors are very sensitive to changes in temperature. The accuracy of hydrogen measurement depends on both the precision of sensors developed and the reliable technique of installation and security of sensors. The two types of sensors have been used for in-situ determining hydrogen permeated in steels owing to a corrosive reaction, a hydrogen gas circumstance at elevated temperatures and high pressure or also a pretreatment process such as pickling and plating process, etc.展开更多
Glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)overexpression in tumor cells is a potential target for drug therapy,but few studies have reported screening GLUT1 inhibitors from natural or synthetic compounds.With current analysis techn...Glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)overexpression in tumor cells is a potential target for drug therapy,but few studies have reported screening GLUT1 inhibitors from natural or synthetic compounds.With current analysis techniques,it is difficult to accurately monitor the GLUT1 inhibitory effect of drug molecules in real-time.We developed a cell membrane-based glucose sensor(CMGS)that integrated a hydrogel electrode with tumor cell membranes to monitor GLUT1 transmembrane transport and screen for GLUT1 inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).CMGS is compatible with cell membranes of various origins,including different types of tumors and cell lines with GLUT1 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA or small molecules.Based on CMGS continuous monitoring technique,we investigated the glucose transport kinetics of cell membranes with varying levels of GLUT1 expression.We used CMGS to determine the GLUT1-inhibitory effects of drug monomers with similar structures from Scutellaria baicalensis and catechins families.Results were consistent with those of the cellular glucose uptake test and molecular-docking simulation.CMGS could accurately screen drug molecules in TCMs that inhibit GLUT1,providing a new strategy for studying transmembrane protein-receptor interactions.展开更多
Copper-based nanomaterials have been widely used in catalysis,electrodes,and other applications due to their unique electron-transfer properties.In this work,an efficient electrochemical sensor based on an electrode m...Copper-based nanomaterials have been widely used in catalysis,electrodes,and other applications due to their unique electron-transfer properties.In this work,an efficient electrochemical sensor based on an electrode modified with one-dimensional Cu(OH)_(2)/carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)composite nanofibers was fabricated and investigated for the detection of aspirin.Scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the morphological characteristics of these composite nanofibers.Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to assess the electrochemical performance of a Cu(OH)_(2)/CMC composite nanofiber-modified electrode.The findings indicate that the modified electrode has a very high sensitivity to aspirin.The observed enhanced performance could be a result of the high surface-to-volume ratio of the composite nanofibers and their superior electron-transport characteristics,which may hasten electron transfer between aspirin and the surfaces of the modified electrode.This detection technique also demonstrated strong selectivity for aspirin.These findings imply that the technique can be applied as a highly effective and selective approach to aspirin measurement in biological science.展开更多
A solvothermal process was developed for the preparation of cauliflower-like Bi2S3 from N,N-dimethylformamide （DMF） solution of bismuth nitrate [Bi（NO3）3.5H2O] and thioacetamide （TAA） with 2-undecyl-1-dithiourei...A solvothermal process was developed for the preparation of cauliflower-like Bi2S3 from N,N-dimethylformamide （DMF） solution of bismuth nitrate [Bi（NO3）3.5H2O] and thioacetamide （TAA） with 2-undecyl-1-dithioureido-ethyl-imidazoline （SUDEI） as the morphology-controlling agent. The obtained Bi2S3 products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）, etc. The sensing properties of Bi2S3 with different morphologies were evaluated by the electrochemical analysis of dopamine （DA） and ascorbic acid （AA） coexisting solution. The results showed that cauliflower-like Bi2S3 showed a better resolving ability than rod-like Bi2S3 for the simultaneous determination of DA and AA,展开更多
Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to tre...Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma,bronchitis,and emphysema,has a narrow therapeutic window with a safe plasma concentration ranging from 55.5-111.0μmol·L^(-1)in adults.Accurate monitoring of TP levels is essential because too low or too high can cause se-rious side effects.In this regard,non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors offer a practical solution with rapidity,portability,and high sensitivity.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent developments of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for TP detection,highlighting the basic principles,electro-oxidation mechanisms,catalytic effects,and the role of modifying materials on electrode performance.Carbon-based electrodes such as glassy carbon electrodes(GCEs),carbon paste electrodes(CPEs),and carbon screen-printed electrodes(SPCEs)have become the primary choices for non-enzymatic sensors due to their chemical stability,low cost,and flexibility in modification.This article identifies the sig-nificant contribution of various modifying materials,including nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene,metal oxides,and multi-element nanocomposites.These modifications enhance sensors’electron transfer,sensitivity,and selectivity in detecting TP at low concentrations in complex media such as blood plasma and pharmaceutical samples.The electro-oxidation mechanism of TP is also discussed in depth,emphasizing the hydroxyl and carbonyl reaction pathways strongly influenced by pH and electrode materials.These mechanisms guide the selection of the appropriate electrode ma-terial for a particular application.The main contribution of this article is to identify superior modifying materials that can improve the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.In a recent study,the combination of multi-element nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),CNTs,and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)resulted in the lowest detection limit of 3×10^(-5)μmol·L^(-1),reflecting the great potential of these materials for developing high-performance electrochemical sensors.The main conclusion of this article is the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in electrode material design to support the sensitivity and selectivity of TP detection.In addition,there is still a research gap in understanding TP’s more detailed oxidation mechanism,especially under pH variations and complex environments.Therefore,further research on electrode modification and analysis of the TP oxidation mechanism are urgently needed to improve the accuracy and sta-bility of the sensor while expanding its applications in pharmaceutical monitoring and medical diagnostics.By integrating various innovative materials and technical approaches,this review is expected to be an essential reference for developing efficient and affordable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.展开更多
Single atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted considerable attention due to their unique structures and excellent catalytic performance,especially in the area of catalysis science and energy conversion and storage.In rece...Single atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted considerable attention due to their unique structures and excellent catalytic performance,especially in the area of catalysis science and energy conversion and storage.In recent years,SACs have emerged as a new type of sensing material for constructing electrochemical sensors(ECSs),presenting excellent sensitivity,selectivity,and stability.Herein,we review the recent advances of SACs in electrochemical sensing and discuss the status quo of current SAC-based ECSs.Specifically,the fundamentals of SAC-based ECSs are outlined,including the involved central metal atoms and various supports of SACs in this field,the detection mechanisms,and improving strategies of SAC-based ECSs.Moreover,the important applications of SAC-based ECSs are listed and classified,covering the detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species,environmental pollutants,disease biomarkers,and pharmaceuticals.Last,based on abundant reported cases,the current conundrums of SAC-based ECSs are summarized,and the prediction of their future developing trends is also put forward.展开更多
Dissolved oxygen(DO)usually refers to the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.In the environment,medicine,and fermentation industries,the DO level needs to be accurate and capable of online monitoring to guide the pre...Dissolved oxygen(DO)usually refers to the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.In the environment,medicine,and fermentation industries,the DO level needs to be accurate and capable of online monitoring to guide the precise control of water quality,clinical treatment,and microbial metabolism.Compared with other analytical methods,the electrochemical strategy is superior in its fast response,low cost,high sensitivity,and portable device.However,an electrochemical DO sensor faces a trade-off between sensitivity and long-term stability,which strongly limits its practical applications.To solve this problem,various advanced nanomaterials have been proposed to promote detection performance owing to their excellent electrocatalysis,conductivity,and chemical stability.Therefore,in this review,we focus on the recent progress of advanced nanomaterial-based electrochemical DO sensors.Through the comparison of the working principles on the main analysis techniques toward DO,the advantages of the electrochemical method are discussed.Emphasis is placed on recently developed nanomaterials that exhibit special characteristics,including nanostructures and preparation routes,to benefit DO determination.Specifically,we also introduce some interesting research on the configuration design of the electrode and device,which is rarely introduced.Then,the different requirements of the electrochemical DO sensors in different application fields are included to provide brief guidance on the selection of appropriate nanomaterials.Finally,the main challenges are evaluated to propose future development prospects and detection strategies for nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors.展开更多
Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT...Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT has been less common in the recent past due to a lack of portable medical devices capable of facilitating effective medical testing.However,recent growth has occurred in this field due to advances in diagnostic technologies,device miniaturization,and progress in wearable electronics.Among these developments,electrochemical sensors have attracted interest in the POCT field due to their high sensitivity,compact size,and affordability.They are used in various applications,from disease diagnosis to health status monitoring.In this paper we explore recent advancements in electrochemical sensors,the methods of fabricating them,and the various types of sensing mechanisms that can be used.Furthermore,we delve into methods for immobilizing specific biorecognition elements,including enzymes,antibodies,and aptamers,onto electrode surfaces and how these sensors are used in real-world POCT settings.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd) contamination in soil pore water is the primary pathway for Cd uptake by food crops,such as rice(Oryza sativa L.),posing significant risks to both food safety and human health.This study presents a novel s...Cadmium(Cd) contamination in soil pore water is the primary pathway for Cd uptake by food crops,such as rice(Oryza sativa L.),posing significant risks to both food safety and human health.This study presents a novel soil pore water metal sensor(SPW-Msensor) for in situ and online monitoring of Cd in soil pore water(Cd_(pw)).The SPW-Msensor integrates an automated sampling device,comprising a Rhizon sampler and a reciprocating series pump with an independent dual plunger drive,along with a portable electrochemical sensor consisting of a screen-printed electrode,flow cell,and portable potentiostat.The SPW-Msensor enables the detection of Cd within a linear range of 50 to 300 ppb while exhibiting high anti-interference capability.Moreover,it demonstrates excellent repeatability(relative standard deviation values(RSDs)<3.6%) across 30 measurements conducted within a 2-h period.The method exhibits good agreement with results obtained using the standard ICP-MS method(RSDs<5%).Additionally,this study establishes a positive correlation between Cd_(pw)detected by the SPW-Msensor and total Cd concentration(Cd_(total)) in the soil with an R^(2) value equal to 0.89.Data acquired from the SPW-Msensor can be utilized for predicting Cd_(total)through partial least squares regression modeling,achieving model quality score(Q^(2)) of 0.69,adjusted R^(2) of 0.9345,and root mean square error(RMSE) of 0.1912.The SPW-Msensor demonstrates real-time monitoring capabilities for assessing Cd levels in acidified soils.This SPW-Msensor offers an efficient approach for in-situ and continuous monitoring of Cd_(pw)that provides valuable insights applicable to environmental and agricultural domains.展开更多
The universal synthesis of highly stable covalent organic frameworks(COFs)for ultra-sensitive and multi-component electrochemical detection in different scenarios remains a great challenge.Herein,a series of metalloph...The universal synthesis of highly stable covalent organic frameworks(COFs)for ultra-sensitive and multi-component electrochemical detection in different scenarios remains a great challenge.Herein,a series of metallophthalocyanine-based twodimensional(2D)dioxin(DXI)-linked metalophthalocyanine(MPc)-n DXI-COFs(M=Ni,Zn;n=1,2)are afforded in high yield(80%-96%)by a facile trace-quinoline assisted one-pot condensation of tetracarbonitrile precursors.Powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy investigations disclose their lamellar texture 2D network with AA stacking mode.Experiments and calculation results elucidate that the 2DXI-linked MPc-2DXI-COFs provide the stronger built-in electronic field and more electrostatic/hydrogen bonding adsorption sites than DXI-linked MPc-DXI-COFs,and the lower electrode reaction Gibbs free energy and stronger adsorption of analytes at Ni Pc than Zn Pc unit,which grants Ni Pc-2DXI-COF excellent sensing properties for various analytes including neurotransmitters,organic pollutants,and heavy metal ions,with high sensitivity and low detection limit of 0.53 to 25.66 nM.Especially in binary and ternary systems and even in real-world conditions,simultaneous multi-component detection could be achieved.展开更多
Fibrosis occurs due to the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix caused by cell injury.After various types of tissue injury,the dysregulation of the internal response can eventually lead to the destruction of o...Fibrosis occurs due to the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix caused by cell injury.After various types of tissue injury,the dysregulation of the internal response can eventually lead to the destruction of organ structure and dysfunction.There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress,which is characterized by excessive production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),is an important cause of fibrosis.Therefore,we synthesized a biosensitive and efficient electrochemical H_(2)O_(2)sensor based on PtNi nanoparticle-doped N-reduced graphene oxide(PtNi-N-rGO)to detect H_(2)O_(2)released from transforming growth factorβ1(TGFβ1)-induced myofibroblast.In addition,the sensor could easily detect changes in H_(2)O_(2)in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of mice with pulmonary fibrosis.Furthermore,the sensor could also detect H_(2)O_(2)in activated hepatic stellate cells and the liver of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced liver fibrosis.Moreover,the alterations in H_(2)O_(2)detected by the sensor were consistent with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4(NOX4)protein expression and the staining results of pathological sections.Taken together,these results highlight the use of H_(2)O_(2)sensors for the rapid detection of fibrosis and facilitate the rapid evaluation of antifibrotic drug candidates.展开更多
In view of the current study’s demonstration of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we present a low-cost method for producing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite...In view of the current study’s demonstration of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we present a low-cost method for producing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite of clay/ZnO was produced utilizing citric acid as both a fuel and a complexing agent.The hexagonal unit cell structure of the created clay/ZnO may be seen using XRD patterns.The ZnO-infused clay was visible in FE-SEM micrographs as homogenous,sphere-shaped ZnO.The possible involvement of clay/ZnO photocatalytic activity in the UV-induced photodegradation of malachite green dye was investigated.The 90%degradation rate shows the composite’s outstanding photocatalytic degradation capacity.The resulting substance was electrochemically analyzed using a constructed electrode in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.It increased its sensor capabilities,which now include chemical and biomolecule sensors,and it excelled in cyclic voltammetry-based redox potential studies.To efficiently evaluate chemically synthesized NPs for electrochemical,sensing,and photocatalytic applications,this study intends to create a solution combustion procedure for the synthesis of clay/ZnO nanocomposite using urea as fuel.展开更多
基金Project(2108085ME184)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,ChinaProject(2022AH010019)supported by the Innovation Team Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education,China+1 种基金Project(GXXT-2021-057)supported by the Collaborative Innovation Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education,ChinaProject(2020QDZ36)supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Startup Foundation of Anhui Jianzhu University,China。
文摘Manganese ferrite(MnFe_(2)O_(4))has the advantages of simple preparation,high resistivity,and high crystal symmetry.Herein,we have developed an electrochemical sensor utilizing graphene and MnFe_(2)O_(4) nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE),which is very efficient and sensitive to detect bisphenol A(BPA).MnFe_(2)O_(4)/graphene(GR)was synthesized by immobilizing the MnFe_(2)O_(4) microspheres on the graphene nanosheets via a simple one-pot solvothermal method.The morphology and structure of the MnFe_(2)O_(4)/GR nanocomposite have been characterized through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).In addition,electrochemical properties of the modified materials are comparably explored by means of cyclic voltammetry(CV),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV).Under the optimal conditions,the proposed electrochemical sensor for the detection of BPA has a linear range of 0.8-400μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.0235μmol/L(S/N=3)with high sensitivity,good selectivity and high stability.In addition,the proposed sensor was used to measure the content of BPA in real water samples with a recovery rate of 97.94%-104.56%.At present,the synthesis of MnFe_(2)O_(4)/GR provides more opportunities for the electrochemical detection of BPA in practical applications.
文摘Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a promising technology for cancer detection due to their high sensitivity,rapid response,low cost,and capability for non-invasive detection.Recent advances in nanomaterials like nanoparticles,graphene,and nanowires have enhanced sensor performance to allow for cancer biomarker detection,like circulating tumor cells,nucleic acids,proteins and metabolites,at ultra-low concentrations.However,several challenges need to be addressed before electrochemical biosensors can be clinically implemented.These include improving sensor selectivity in complex biological media,device miniaturization for implantable applications,integration with data analytics,handling biomarker variability,and navigating regulatory approval.This editorial critically examines the prospects of electrochemical biosensors for efficient,low-cost and minimally invasive cancer screening.We discuss recent developments in nanotechnology,microfabrication,electronics integration,multiplexing,and machine learning that can help realize the potential of these sensors.However,significant interdisciplinary efforts among researchers,clinicians,regulators and the healthcare industry are still needed to tackle limitations in selectivity,size constraints,data interpretation,biomarker validation,toxicity and commercial translation.With committed resources and pragmatic strategies,electrochemical biosensors could enable routine early cancer detection and dramatically reduce the global cancer burden.
文摘The rise of industrialization and urbanization has exacerbated environmental pollution, raising public concern about environmental quality. Real-time pollutant detection and rapid responses to environmental changes are crucial for safeguarding both the environment and human health. Traditional chemical analysis methods, though accurate and sensitive, are expensive, complex, and require specialized equipment and personnel. In contrast, smartphone-assisted electrochemical sensors could offer a novel, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective solution for environmental monitoring. In this review, the working principle of electrochemical sensors was first introduced, including how their sensing elements and conversion systems work together to generate an electrical signal proportional to the concentration of the target substance. Next, the role of smartphones in this system was discussed. The challenges faced in designing smartphone assisted electrochemical sensor systems were also discussed in detail. In terms of applications, this article reviews the latest progress of smartphone assisted electrochemical sensors in detecting heavy metal ions, mycotoxins, bacteria, the veterinary drug and pesticide residues, and other compounds, and discusses their potential in environmental monitoring and public health. Despite hurdles in technology integration and data processing, smartphone-assisted electrochemical sensors are poised to become increasingly vital in environmental monitoring as technology progresses and is gradually becoming a powerful tool for cross industry monitoring and analysis.
基金Supported by RAE Engineering Center, RAE Systems Inc. Fund, China
文摘Ir catalyst possesses a good electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for the oxidation of NH3 and/or NH4OH at Ir anode in the potential fixed electrochemical sensor with the neutral solution. Owing to the same electrochemical behavior of NH3 and NH4OH in a NaClO4 solution, NH4OH can be used instead of NH3 for the experimental convenience. It was found that the potential of the oxidation peak of NH4OH at the Ir/GC electrode in NaClO4 solutions is at about 0.85 V, and the current density of the oxidation peak of NH4OH is linearly proportional to the concentration of NHaOH. The electrocatalytic oxidation of NH4OH is diffusion-controlled. Especially, Ir has no electrocatalytic activity for the CO oxidation, illustrating that CO does not interfere in the measurement of NH4OH and the potential fixed electrochemical NH3 sensor with the neutral solution, and the anodic Ir catalyst possesses a good selectivity. Therefore, Ir may have practical application in the potential fixed electrochemical NH3 sensor with the neutral solution.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61671250,21475064,21373260 and 21305070)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013CB933802)+1 种基金Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(16KJB150032)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD,YX03002)
文摘With the rapidly increased concerns in environmental pollution, there have been urgent needs to develop fast, sensitive, low-cost and multiplexed sensing devices for the detection of environmental pollutants. Two-dimensional(2D) nanomaterials hold great promise due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which have been extensively employed to monitor the environmental pollutants combined with different detection techniques. In this review, we summarize recent advances in 2D nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for detecting heavy metal ions, organic compounds, pesticides, antibiotics and bacteria. We also discuss perspectives and challenges of 2D nanomaterials in environmental monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:22074058 and 21675077)the Project of Industry-University-Research Cooperation of Fujian Province(Grant No.:2019Y4010)the Education-Science Research Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Fujian(Grant No.:JAT200317).
文摘As the most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic drug,paracetamol(PA)coexists with neurotransmitter dopamine(DA)in real biological samples.Their simultaneous determination is extremely important for human health,but they also interfere with each other.In order to improve the conductivity,adsorption affinity,sensitivity,and selectivity of TiO_(2)-based electrochemical sensor,N-doped carbon@-TiO_(2) double-shelled hollow sphere(HeC/N@TiO_(2))is designed and synthesized by simple alcoholic and hydrothermal method,using polystyrene sphere(PS)as a template.Meanwhile,TiO_(2) hollow spheres(H eTiO_(2))or N-doped carbon hollow spheres(HeC/N)are also prepared by the same method.HeC/N@TiO_(2) has good conductivity,charge separation,and the highly enhanced and stable current responses for the detection of PA and DA.The detection limit and linear range are 50.0 nmol/L and 0.3-50 mmol/L for PA,40.0 nmol/L and 0.3e50 mmol/L for DA,respectively,which are better than those of carbon-based sensors.Moreover,this electrochemical sensor,with high selectivity,strong anti-interference,high reliability,and long time durability,can be used for the simultaneous detection of PA and DA in human blood serum and saliva.The high electrochemical performance of HeC/N@TiO_(2) is attributed to the multifunctional combination of different layers,because of good conductivity,absorption and electrons transfer ability from in-situ N-doped carbon and electrocatalytic activity from TiO_(2).
文摘Hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))compound is useful to various industries but is toxic and carcinogenic.In this research work,we fab-ricate an amperometric sensor for the determination of Cr(VI),using a titanium dioxide(TiO2)-reduced graphene oxide(rGO)composite as the sensing element.The composite was synthesized following sol−gel chemistry,yielding TiO2 nanoparticles of~50 nm in size,immobilized on chemically exfoliated rGO sheets.The composite was employed in a 3-electrode electrochemical cell and operated in an amperometric mode,exhibiting good responses to the 50 to 500 ppb Cr(VI).Our best result from pH 3 Mcilvane’s buffer medium reveals the sensitivity of 9.12×10−4 ppb−1 and a detection limit of 6 ppb with no signal interference from 200 ppm Ca(II),150 ppm Mg(II),and 50 ppb Pb(II).The excellent results of the TiO2-rGO sensor can be attributed to synergic effects between TiO2 and rGO,resulting from the presence of n-p heterojunctions and the formation of the TiO2 nanoparticles on rGO.
文摘Four types of solid state electrochemical sensors and their general principles are introduced in the paper. The novel type-IV sensors developed in the last few years are emphasized to study hereafter. The ways to design new electrochemical sensors and the directions to develop new solid electrolytes for new electrochemical sensors are also discussed.
文摘The principle, construction and application of two types of electrochemical sensors-amperometric and potentiometric are surveyed. Both types of sensors are very sensitive to changes in temperature. The accuracy of hydrogen measurement depends on both the precision of sensors developed and the reliable technique of installation and security of sensors. The two types of sensors have been used for in-situ determining hydrogen permeated in steels owing to a corrosive reaction, a hydrogen gas circumstance at elevated temperatures and high pressure or also a pretreatment process such as pickling and plating process, etc.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant Nos.:61801160 and 81730108).
文摘Glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)overexpression in tumor cells is a potential target for drug therapy,but few studies have reported screening GLUT1 inhibitors from natural or synthetic compounds.With current analysis techniques,it is difficult to accurately monitor the GLUT1 inhibitory effect of drug molecules in real-time.We developed a cell membrane-based glucose sensor(CMGS)that integrated a hydrogel electrode with tumor cell membranes to monitor GLUT1 transmembrane transport and screen for GLUT1 inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).CMGS is compatible with cell membranes of various origins,including different types of tumors and cell lines with GLUT1 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA or small molecules.Based on CMGS continuous monitoring technique,we investigated the glucose transport kinetics of cell membranes with varying levels of GLUT1 expression.We used CMGS to determine the GLUT1-inhibitory effects of drug monomers with similar structures from Scutellaria baicalensis and catechins families.Results were consistent with those of the cellular glucose uptake test and molecular-docking simulation.CMGS could accurately screen drug molecules in TCMs that inhibit GLUT1,providing a new strategy for studying transmembrane protein-receptor interactions.
基金The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from the Science and Technology Projects in Jilin Province Department of Education(Grant No.JJKH20220239KJ).
文摘Copper-based nanomaterials have been widely used in catalysis,electrodes,and other applications due to their unique electron-transfer properties.In this work,an efficient electrochemical sensor based on an electrode modified with one-dimensional Cu(OH)_(2)/carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)composite nanofibers was fabricated and investigated for the detection of aspirin.Scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the morphological characteristics of these composite nanofibers.Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to assess the electrochemical performance of a Cu(OH)_(2)/CMC composite nanofiber-modified electrode.The findings indicate that the modified electrode has a very high sensitivity to aspirin.The observed enhanced performance could be a result of the high surface-to-volume ratio of the composite nanofibers and their superior electron-transport characteristics,which may hasten electron transfer between aspirin and the surfaces of the modified electrode.This detection technique also demonstrated strong selectivity for aspirin.These findings imply that the technique can be applied as a highly effective and selective approach to aspirin measurement in biological science.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.20705031)Youth Innovation Foundation of Fujian(No.2007F3106).
文摘A solvothermal process was developed for the preparation of cauliflower-like Bi2S3 from N,N-dimethylformamide （DMF） solution of bismuth nitrate [Bi（NO3）3.5H2O] and thioacetamide （TAA） with 2-undecyl-1-dithioureido-ethyl-imidazoline （SUDEI） as the morphology-controlling agent. The obtained Bi2S3 products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）, etc. The sensing properties of Bi2S3 with different morphologies were evaluated by the electrochemical analysis of dopamine （DA） and ascorbic acid （AA） coexisting solution. The results showed that cauliflower-like Bi2S3 showed a better resolving ability than rod-like Bi2S3 for the simultaneous determination of DA and AA,
基金the funding from Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat(LPPM)Universitas Indonesia,by Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia(RKI)-World Class University(WCU)Program with grant number NKB-1067/UN2-RST/HKP.05.00/2023 and NKB-781/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2024.
文摘Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma,bronchitis,and emphysema,has a narrow therapeutic window with a safe plasma concentration ranging from 55.5-111.0μmol·L^(-1)in adults.Accurate monitoring of TP levels is essential because too low or too high can cause se-rious side effects.In this regard,non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors offer a practical solution with rapidity,portability,and high sensitivity.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent developments of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for TP detection,highlighting the basic principles,electro-oxidation mechanisms,catalytic effects,and the role of modifying materials on electrode performance.Carbon-based electrodes such as glassy carbon electrodes(GCEs),carbon paste electrodes(CPEs),and carbon screen-printed electrodes(SPCEs)have become the primary choices for non-enzymatic sensors due to their chemical stability,low cost,and flexibility in modification.This article identifies the sig-nificant contribution of various modifying materials,including nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene,metal oxides,and multi-element nanocomposites.These modifications enhance sensors’electron transfer,sensitivity,and selectivity in detecting TP at low concentrations in complex media such as blood plasma and pharmaceutical samples.The electro-oxidation mechanism of TP is also discussed in depth,emphasizing the hydroxyl and carbonyl reaction pathways strongly influenced by pH and electrode materials.These mechanisms guide the selection of the appropriate electrode ma-terial for a particular application.The main contribution of this article is to identify superior modifying materials that can improve the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.In a recent study,the combination of multi-element nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),CNTs,and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)resulted in the lowest detection limit of 3×10^(-5)μmol·L^(-1),reflecting the great potential of these materials for developing high-performance electrochemical sensors.The main conclusion of this article is the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in electrode material design to support the sensitivity and selectivity of TP detection.In addition,there is still a research gap in understanding TP’s more detailed oxidation mechanism,especially under pH variations and complex environments.Therefore,further research on electrode modification and analysis of the TP oxidation mechanism are urgently needed to improve the accuracy and sta-bility of the sensor while expanding its applications in pharmaceutical monitoring and medical diagnostics.By integrating various innovative materials and technical approaches,this review is expected to be an essential reference for developing efficient and affordable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22375005 and 21771003)the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Education Department(Nos.2022AH050323 and 2023AH051116)+1 种基金the Major industrial innovation plan of Anhui Province(No.AHZDCYCX-LSDT2023-04)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(No.GXXT-2022-006).
文摘Single atom catalysts(SACs)have attracted considerable attention due to their unique structures and excellent catalytic performance,especially in the area of catalysis science and energy conversion and storage.In recent years,SACs have emerged as a new type of sensing material for constructing electrochemical sensors(ECSs),presenting excellent sensitivity,selectivity,and stability.Herein,we review the recent advances of SACs in electrochemical sensing and discuss the status quo of current SAC-based ECSs.Specifically,the fundamentals of SAC-based ECSs are outlined,including the involved central metal atoms and various supports of SACs in this field,the detection mechanisms,and improving strategies of SAC-based ECSs.Moreover,the important applications of SAC-based ECSs are listed and classified,covering the detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species,environmental pollutants,disease biomarkers,and pharmaceuticals.Last,based on abundant reported cases,the current conundrums of SAC-based ECSs are summarized,and the prediction of their future developing trends is also put forward.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2103300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078148)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220002).
文摘Dissolved oxygen(DO)usually refers to the amount of oxygen dissolved in water.In the environment,medicine,and fermentation industries,the DO level needs to be accurate and capable of online monitoring to guide the precise control of water quality,clinical treatment,and microbial metabolism.Compared with other analytical methods,the electrochemical strategy is superior in its fast response,low cost,high sensitivity,and portable device.However,an electrochemical DO sensor faces a trade-off between sensitivity and long-term stability,which strongly limits its practical applications.To solve this problem,various advanced nanomaterials have been proposed to promote detection performance owing to their excellent electrocatalysis,conductivity,and chemical stability.Therefore,in this review,we focus on the recent progress of advanced nanomaterial-based electrochemical DO sensors.Through the comparison of the working principles on the main analysis techniques toward DO,the advantages of the electrochemical method are discussed.Emphasis is placed on recently developed nanomaterials that exhibit special characteristics,including nanostructures and preparation routes,to benefit DO determination.Specifically,we also introduce some interesting research on the configuration design of the electrode and device,which is rarely introduced.Then,the different requirements of the electrochemical DO sensors in different application fields are included to provide brief guidance on the selection of appropriate nanomaterials.Finally,the main challenges are evaluated to propose future development prospects and detection strategies for nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(No.2021R1A2B5B03001691).
文摘Point-of-care testing(POCT)is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located,as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting.POCT has been less common in the recent past due to a lack of portable medical devices capable of facilitating effective medical testing.However,recent growth has occurred in this field due to advances in diagnostic technologies,device miniaturization,and progress in wearable electronics.Among these developments,electrochemical sensors have attracted interest in the POCT field due to their high sensitivity,compact size,and affordability.They are used in various applications,from disease diagnosis to health status monitoring.In this paper we explore recent advancements in electrochemical sensors,the methods of fabricating them,and the various types of sensing mechanisms that can be used.Furthermore,we delve into methods for immobilizing specific biorecognition elements,including enzymes,antibodies,and aptamers,onto electrode surfaces and how these sensors are used in real-world POCT settings.
基金supported by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation-Outstanding Youth Team Project(Grant No.2023B1515040022)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42177270)。
文摘Cadmium(Cd) contamination in soil pore water is the primary pathway for Cd uptake by food crops,such as rice(Oryza sativa L.),posing significant risks to both food safety and human health.This study presents a novel soil pore water metal sensor(SPW-Msensor) for in situ and online monitoring of Cd in soil pore water(Cd_(pw)).The SPW-Msensor integrates an automated sampling device,comprising a Rhizon sampler and a reciprocating series pump with an independent dual plunger drive,along with a portable electrochemical sensor consisting of a screen-printed electrode,flow cell,and portable potentiostat.The SPW-Msensor enables the detection of Cd within a linear range of 50 to 300 ppb while exhibiting high anti-interference capability.Moreover,it demonstrates excellent repeatability(relative standard deviation values(RSDs)<3.6%) across 30 measurements conducted within a 2-h period.The method exhibits good agreement with results obtained using the standard ICP-MS method(RSDs<5%).Additionally,this study establishes a positive correlation between Cd_(pw)detected by the SPW-Msensor and total Cd concentration(Cd_(total)) in the soil with an R^(2) value equal to 0.89.Data acquired from the SPW-Msensor can be utilized for predicting Cd_(total)through partial least squares regression modeling,achieving model quality score(Q^(2)) of 0.69,adjusted R^(2) of 0.9345,and root mean square error(RMSE) of 0.1912.The SPW-Msensor demonstrates real-time monitoring capabilities for assessing Cd levels in acidified soils.This SPW-Msensor offers an efficient approach for in-situ and continuous monitoring of Cd_(pw)that provides valuable insights applicable to environmental and agricultural domains.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(22133006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21771192,22301314)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2017ZB0315)the Program for Taishan Scholar of Shandong Province(ts201712019)。
文摘The universal synthesis of highly stable covalent organic frameworks(COFs)for ultra-sensitive and multi-component electrochemical detection in different scenarios remains a great challenge.Herein,a series of metallophthalocyanine-based twodimensional(2D)dioxin(DXI)-linked metalophthalocyanine(MPc)-n DXI-COFs(M=Ni,Zn;n=1,2)are afforded in high yield(80%-96%)by a facile trace-quinoline assisted one-pot condensation of tetracarbonitrile precursors.Powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy investigations disclose their lamellar texture 2D network with AA stacking mode.Experiments and calculation results elucidate that the 2DXI-linked MPc-2DXI-COFs provide the stronger built-in electronic field and more electrostatic/hydrogen bonding adsorption sites than DXI-linked MPc-DXI-COFs,and the lower electrode reaction Gibbs free energy and stronger adsorption of analytes at Ni Pc than Zn Pc unit,which grants Ni Pc-2DXI-COF excellent sensing properties for various analytes including neurotransmitters,organic pollutants,and heavy metal ions,with high sensitivity and low detection limit of 0.53 to 25.66 nM.Especially in binary and ternary systems and even in real-world conditions,simultaneous multi-component detection could be achieved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Nos.2022NSFSC1465,2023NSFSC0525)Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.2021HXBH086)+1 种基金the Sichuan University postdoctoral interdisciplinary Innovation Fund(No.10822041A2118)Full-Time Postdoctoral Research Fund of Sichuan University(No.20826041F4134)。
文摘Fibrosis occurs due to the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix caused by cell injury.After various types of tissue injury,the dysregulation of the internal response can eventually lead to the destruction of organ structure and dysfunction.There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress,which is characterized by excessive production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),is an important cause of fibrosis.Therefore,we synthesized a biosensitive and efficient electrochemical H_(2)O_(2)sensor based on PtNi nanoparticle-doped N-reduced graphene oxide(PtNi-N-rGO)to detect H_(2)O_(2)released from transforming growth factorβ1(TGFβ1)-induced myofibroblast.In addition,the sensor could easily detect changes in H_(2)O_(2)in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of mice with pulmonary fibrosis.Furthermore,the sensor could also detect H_(2)O_(2)in activated hepatic stellate cells and the liver of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced liver fibrosis.Moreover,the alterations in H_(2)O_(2)detected by the sensor were consistent with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4(NOX4)protein expression and the staining results of pathological sections.Taken together,these results highlight the use of H_(2)O_(2)sensors for the rapid detection of fibrosis and facilitate the rapid evaluation of antifibrotic drug candidates.
文摘In view of the current study’s demonstration of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we present a low-cost method for producing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite of clay/ZnO was produced utilizing citric acid as both a fuel and a complexing agent.The hexagonal unit cell structure of the created clay/ZnO may be seen using XRD patterns.The ZnO-infused clay was visible in FE-SEM micrographs as homogenous,sphere-shaped ZnO.The possible involvement of clay/ZnO photocatalytic activity in the UV-induced photodegradation of malachite green dye was investigated.The 90%degradation rate shows the composite’s outstanding photocatalytic degradation capacity.The resulting substance was electrochemically analyzed using a constructed electrode in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.It increased its sensor capabilities,which now include chemical and biomolecule sensors,and it excelled in cyclic voltammetry-based redox potential studies.To efficiently evaluate chemically synthesized NPs for electrochemical,sensing,and photocatalytic applications,this study intends to create a solution combustion procedure for the synthesis of clay/ZnO nanocomposite using urea as fuel.
